ILARIA ESPA. World Trade Institute, University of Bern Hallerstrasse 6

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1 ILARIA ESPA World Trade Institute, of Bern Hallerstrasse 6 CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland ilaria.espa@wti.org CURRENT POSITION November 2013 to present Marie Curie Senior Research Fellow (COFIT), World Trade Institute; Member of the Work Package on Energy, Trade and Climate Change of the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research EDUCATION Ph.D. International Law and Economics, Bocconi, Milan Thesis: Emerging Trends in Critical Raw Materials Trade and WTO Regulation of Export Restrictions (summa cum laude) Advisor: Giorgio Sacerdoti; Second Reader: Petros Mavroidis M.A. International Relations, Luiss Guido Carli, Rome (summa cum laude) Thesis: Le piu recenti iniziative comunitarie in materia di lotta ai cambiamenti climatici e il rapporto con le regole del commercio internazionale B.A. Political Science, Luiss Guido Carli, Rome (summa cum laude) Thesis: Il referral come meccanismo di azione della Corte penale internazionale: il caso del Darfur e la risoluzione n Fall 2005 Erasmus Program, Université Paris X Nanterre Upper Secondary School with a focus on scientific subjects (Diploma di Maturità Scientifica), Liceo Scientifico Michelangelo, Cagliari (Italy) AFS Program, Tower Hill High School, Wilmington DE (USA) TRAINING COURSES Summer 2010 Spring 2010 Summer 2009 Spring 2005 Fall 2004-Summer 2005 Summer Academy on Trade, Development and Climate Change, World Trade Institute, Bern Course on Geopolitics and International Relations, Institute for Peace, Development and Innovation (IPSIA), Milan Summer School on International Trade: Law and Economics, Luiss Guido Carli, Rome Course on Cooperation and Integration in the European Union, Rotary International, 2080 District, Rome Cycle of Seminars on Values and Objectives of the European Union in the international Scenery, European Association of International Studies (AESI), Rome ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE Spring 2015 Fall 2014 Fall-Winter 2012 Lecturer, LL.M. Program in International Trade Law - Contracts and Dispute Resolution (graduate), International Training Centre of the ILO, of Turin, UNCITRAL and IUSE (with Professor Thomas Cottier) Lecturer, International Trade Regulation (graduate), of Bern (course of Professor Mira Burri) Teaching Assistant, International Law (graduate), Bocconi

2 Fall-Winter 2011 July 2011 Spring 2011 Teaching Assistant, International Economic Law (graduate), Luiss Guido Carli Fellow, Summer School on International Trade: Law and Economics, Luiss Guido Carli Teaching Assistant, European Union Law (graduate), Bocconi PUBLICATIONS Books Export Restrictions on Critical Minerals and Metals: Testing the Adequacy of WTO Disciplines forthcoming, Cambridge Press (publication expected in 2015). Edited Books T. Cottier and I. Espa (eds.), International Trade in Electricity and the Decarbonisation of the Economy forthcoming, Cambridge Press (publication expected in 2016). Journal Articles Negotiating an Energy Deal Under TTIP: Drivers and Impediments to US Shale Exports to Europe (with K. Holzer), forthcoming in Denver Journal of International Law and Policy (2015); Fair Access to Energy Resources, Market Transfers and Climate Change in the WTO, forthcoming in 29 Diritto del Commercio Internazionale (2015) 1, at ; The Rhetoric of Proliferation of Mineral Export Restraints and WTO Under-Regulation, 2 Bocconi Legal Papers (2013) 2, at ; Action pour le climat et mesures commerciales unilatérales: les initiatives les plus récentes de l Union européenne, 12 Revue Internationale de Droit Economique (2012) 3, at ; The Appellate Body Approach to the Applicability of Article XX GATT in Light of China Raw Materials: A Missed Opportunity?, 46 Journal of World Trade (2012) 6, at Book Chapters The Treatment of Restrictions and Financial Charges on Imports and Exports of Electricity under EU and WTO law, forthcoming in T. Cottier and I. Espa (eds.), International Trade in Electricity and the Decarbonisation of the Economy, Cambridge Press (2016); Promoting Green Electricity through Differentiated Electricity Tax Schemes (with K. Holzer and T. Payosova), forthcoming in T. Cottier and I. Espa (eds.), International Trade in Electricity and the Decarbonisation of the Economy, Cambridge Press (2016); Energy Export Restrictions in the WTO between Resource Nationalism and Sustainable Development, forthcoming in F. Seatzu, A. Bonfanti and F. Romanin Jacur (eds.), Natural Resources Grabbing: Erosion or Legitimate Exercise of State Sovereignty?, Brill (2015); International Trade in (Sustainable) Energy Resources and the WTO: Key Challenges in Light of the Strategic Interests of the European Union and China, forthcoming in E. Baroncini (ed.), The EU-China Trade Relations Between Classic Trade Disputes and Sustainability Issues: A Legal Analysis, Springer (2015);

3 The Role of WTO in Addressing Energy Dual Pricing and Export Taxes, forthcoming in P. Pazartzis and M. Gavouneli, Reconceptualising the Rule of Law in Global Governance, Resources, Investment and Trade, Hart Publishing (2015). Case Notes Regular Contributor to the OUP-GGS International Trade Law Module (ITL) of the Oxford Reports on International Law (cases reviewed: EC Hormones, Appellate Body Reports; China Rare Earths, Panel and Appellate Body Reports); Case Note and Comment of China Measures Related to the Exportation of Various Raw Materials, XXIII Italian Yearbook of International Law (2013), at Book Reviews Book Review of Yearbook on International Investment Law and Policy (edited by K. P. Sauvant), 23 Diritto Comunitario e degli Scambi Internazionali (2013) 3, at Working and Conference Papers Beyond Mineral Export Restraints: Resource Nationalism, Promotion of Renewables and Climate Change in the New Trade and Environment Disputes before the WTO, presented at the Workshop of the ESIL Interest Group on International Economic Law, Law School of the of Vienna on 3 ; Energy Export Restrictions in the WTO: A Roadmap to Regulatory Convergence, presented at the Fourth SIEL Biennial Conference, World Trade Institute on July Additional Articles Subsidies, Clean Energy and Climate Change (with Sonia Rolland), E15 Initiative. Geneva: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and World Economic Forum, Export Restrictions in Relation to Extractive Industries, E15 Initiative. Geneva: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and World Economic Forum, (forthcoming). Consultancy Works T. Cottier, I. Espa and K. Holzer, Renewable Electricity Tax Exemption Scheme and Legally Available Instruments of Addressing Domestic Competitiveness Concerns: An Assessment of Policy Space under WTO law and Swiss-EU FTA, Legal Opinion for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), forthcoming (2015); T. Cottier, I. Espa, K. Holzer, Implementing a Differentiated Electricity Tax Through Renewable Energy Certificates, Legal Opinion submitted to SwissCleantech, 2014; T. Cottier, I. Espa, S. Hirsbrunner, K. Holzer and T. Payosova, CO2 Tax or Tariff on Imported Electricity: Assessing the Compatibility with WTO Law, EU Law and the Swiss-EEC Free Trade Agreement, Legal Opinion submitted to the Swiss Federal Financial Administration (FFA) and the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), 2014;

4 T. Cottier, I. Espa, S. Hirsbrunner, K. Holzer and T. Payosova, Differentiating Energy Tax on Electricity: An assessment of the compatibility with WTO law and EU law, Legal Opinion submitted to the Swiss Federal Financial Administration (FFA) and the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), 2014; Background research for D. Luff, H. Nguyen and N. Anh Thu, Support to a Research: Export Control by WTO Members and Recommendations for Vietnam, EU-MUTRAP Project Activity Code: Supe-7, SHORT TERM VISITING AND PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS February 2015 Spring 2012 Fall 2009 and 2010, Summer 2011 Fall 2008 Fall 2006 Member of the Panel of Judges of the 7 th annual edition of the Gujarat National Law (GNLU) International Moot Court Competition (Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India) Visiting Researcher, Law School, Columbia Consultant, Trade and Environment Division, WTO Intern, Trade and Environment Division, WTO Conducted field research on the implementation of a capacity building program concerning the promotion and the protection of human rights, United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) AWARDS, FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS Two-year Marie Curie Fellowship, COFIT Program at the World Trade Institute, of Bern 2013 SIDI (Italian Society of International Law) Award for Best Academic Publication by Young Researchers in International and EU Law appeared in 2012 for Action pour le climat et mesures commerciales unilatérales: les initiatives les plus récentes de l Union européenne (Revue Internationale de Droit Economique) 2012 One-year Research Grant for Candidate Ph.D., Ph.D. School, Bocconi High Level Training Fellowship for Ph.D. Studies, Master and Back Program, Sardinia Region Three-year Ph.D. Fellowship, Bocconi (expired upon conferral of the High Level Training Fellowship) 2008 Pasa Fellowship for conducting research for Master s dissertation at the WTO, Luiss 2006 Award in Memory of Laura Bucceri, Angelo Frammartino, Luca Martini for Best Student of the Political Science Deparment, Luiss INVITED CONFERENCE AND SEMINAR PRESENTATIONS April 2015 November 2014 October 2014 Global Commodities Forum, UNCTAD, Geneva Biennial Conference of the ASIL Interest Group in International Economic Law, of Denver School of Law Workshop on EU-China Relations between Classic Trade Disputes and Sustainability Issues, of Bologna School of Law World Trade Forum on International Trade in Electricity and the Greening Economy, World Trade Institute, Bern Workshop of the ESIL Interest Group on International Economic Law, Law School of the of Vienna

5 July 2014 April 2014 April 2014 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 May 2013 April 2013 January 2013 Fourth SIEL Biennial Conference, World Trade Institute 3 nd PEPA/SIEL Conference, Direito GV, Escola de Direito de Sao Paulo, Brazil Workshop on Challenging the WTO System: China s Approach to the New Energy Issues at the time of the Green Economy, of Bologna School of Law Conference on Natural Resources Grabbing Erosion or Legitimate Exercise of State Sovereignty?, of Cagliari School of Law 15 th ETSG Conference, of Birmingham International Law Association (ILA) Regional Conference on Imperium Juris: Governance, Trade, Resources, EPLO, Athens Seminar on WTO and Energy Markets, Master in Green Management, Energy and Corporate Social Responsibility (MaGER), Bocconi Seminar on China and Natural Resources within the Multilateral Trading System, Law Department, Bologna 2 nd PEPA/SIEL Conference, Institute of International and European Law, Georg-August- Göttingen CONFERENCES ORGANIZED World Trade Forum on International Trade in Electricity and the Greening Economy, World Trade Institute, of Bern PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS AND MEMBERSHIPS International Law Association (ILA), Italian Branch, Member; Member of the Committee on Role of International Law in Sustainable Natural Resource Management, Alternate of Paolo Farah; E15 Expert Group on Natural Resources, Including Extractives, ICTSD and World Economic Forum, Member and Contributor; E15 Task Force on Rethinking International Subsidies Disciplines, ICTSD and World Economic Forum, Member and Contributor; American Society of International Law (ASIL), Member; European Society of International Law (ESIL), Member: Society of International Economic Law (SIEL), Member; Italian Society of International Law (ISIL), Member; Italian Association of European Lawyers (AEGI), Member. LANGUAGES Italian (Mother Tongue) English (C2, Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency) French (C2, DALF) Spanish (B2) German (A1)