INDEX. Dutch welfare state, 3, 34,41,44,47-50, 52-53, 55, 57, 59, 64, 67, 69-70

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1 BIOGRAPHY Arjen Boin is affiliated with the Department of Public Administration at Leiden University. He is currently involved in a research project that deals with questions of crisis and reform in public sectors. Boin is a member of the Leiden University Crisis Research Center and the book review editor for the Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. Huib de long (1954) is professor on General Principles of Law at the University of Twente since His research interest is on the field of legitimacy of local governance. As a theoretical perspective he calls upon the process philosophy of American pragmatism and institutional legal theory. He published his Ph.D.-thesis on the validity of legal norms in local communities in Together with others he carried out multi-disciplinary research on the quality of local governance. In 1998 he published a book on the legal theory of the state (together with Barbel Dorbeck Jung). Gerrit Dijkstra works at the department of Public Administration, Leiden University. In 1991, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the effects of vague legal norms and complex legislation on the filing of objections and appeals. He has published numerous articles on, amongst others, juridification of the relationship between citizen and administration, the effectiveness of subsidies and grants and the implementation of the General Administrative Law Act. Barbel Dorbeck-lung was born in Erlangen, Germany. She studied law at the Universities of Erlangen and Munich (Master Grade 1972, Assessor Grade 1975). Previous employments were: advocate ( ), lawyer at the Ministry of Health and Environment, Berlin ( ); research fellow, University of Twente, Netherlands ( ), assistant professor on computer law, University of Twente ( ). Presently she is associate professor of law at the Faculty of Public Administration, University of Twente. Main fields of research are: theory of legislation, studies on the role of law in the state, comparative law and higher education law. She publishes on these fields in national and international media. lohn Grin (1961) is a senior researcher in de Department of Political Science, University of Amsterdam. He graduated from the VU University, Amsterdam and defended his dissertation (1990) at the same university, where he worked (with a period at Princeton University) until His research interests focus on technology development as a field of governance and political judgement as an empirical object, with a particular interest in sustainable technology development as well as in international security. His theoretical and methodological contributions concern policy implementationlinstruments, learning and (interactive) policy analysis. Recent publications include J. Grin and A. Grunwald, Vision Assessment:

2 252 shaping technology in 21 st century society. Springer, Berlijn, 2000; (with R. Hoppe, M. Jeliazkova and H. van de Graaf), Beleidsnota's die doorwerken, Coutinho, Muiderberg, 1998; and (with H. van de Graaf and R. Hoppe), Technology Assessment through interaction - a guide. Rathenau Institute, The Hague, Paul 't Hart is professor of public administration at Leiden University. His research interests include the politics of policy evaluation, crisis management, leadership and social-psychological approaches to understanding governance. His recent books include Understanding Policy Fiascoes (Transaction 1996 with M. Bovens), Beyond Groupthink (Michigan UP 1997, with E. Stern and B. Sundelius), and Policy Disasters in Europe (Routledge 1998, with P. Gray). Rogier Hartendorp studied Public Administration and Dutch Law at the Erasmus University Rotterdam from 1993 to In this setting he wrote a thesis on the precedent and case law. He is currently working as a lawyer in Amsterdam. Anton Hemerijck is a senior lecturer in the department of Public Administration, Leiden University, the Netherlands and visiting researcher at the Max Planck Institute of the Study of Societies in Cologne. He is trained as an economist at Tilburg University in the Netherlands and studied political science at Oxford University (Balliol College) and MIT, Cambridge Massachusetts. He completed his dphil in political studies at Oxford University in 1992 on The historical contingencies of Dutch corporatism. Recent publications include Welfare and work in the open economy (Fritz W. Scharpf and Vivien A. Schmidt, eds.), to be published by Oxford University press in the autumn of 2000 and The future of social europe: recasting work and welfare in the new economy (with Maurizio Ferrera and Martin). Together with Jelle Visser, he wrote A Dutch miracle: job growth, welfare reform and corporatism in the Netherlands (1997), which is now available in English, German, Italian, Dutch and Japanese. Rob Hoppe (1950) is professor in the policy sciences at the University of Twente (since 1997). He graduated at Nijmegen University, and defended his dissertation at the VU University, Amsterdam (1983), where he worked until he became a professor in public policy studies at the University of Amsterdam in His research interests encompasses issues like argumentation in policy processes, the relation between the structure of policy problems and policy dynamics, policy oriented learning, policy analysis and cultural theory. His empirical foci include technological risks, ethnicity politics and public administration in developing countries. His publications include R. Hoppe and A. Peterse (red.), Bouwstenen voor argumentatieve beleidsanalyse, Elsevier, Den Haag, 1998; (with M. Jeliazkova, H. van de Graaf and J. Grin), Beleidsnota's die doorwerken, Countinho, Muiderberg, 1998; R. Hoppe and A. Peterse, handling Frozen Fire - Political culture and risk management, Westview Press, 1993; (with H. van de Graaf), Beleid en politiek - een inleiding in de beleidswetenschap en de beleidskunde, Coutinho, Muiderberg, 1989 (2nd ed. 1992).

3 BIOGRAPHY 253 Jeroen Huisman (1963) graduated in Educational Sciences at the University of Groningen in At the Center for Higher Education Policy Studies of the University of Twente (CHEPS, currently a research institute of the faculty of Public Administration and Public Policy), he worked on a Ph.D. thesis (1995) that dealt with the issue of diversity and differentiation in higher education. Currently, he is a senior researcher at CHEPS. His main current research interests are: steering in higher education, curricular change and innovation in higher education, institutional and policy change in higher education, and comparative higher education. Frans Jorna is affiliated with the department of Public Administration, Leiden University. He is preparing his Ph.D. thesis on the effects of information- and communication technology on responsiveness and organizational learning. He has published articles on ICT and fair government, automation and informal practices, the perverse effects of transparency-legislation and the longitudinal analysis of implementation-processes. Petra Schreurs is senior researcher in the Pioneer project 'The Renaissance of Public Administration' at the Department of Public Administration at Leiden University, the Netherlands. Her Ph.D. thesis concerns the concept of rationality in the Anglo-American discourse on public organization. She has published previously on women's studies and policy-making, gender, and ideological dilemmas. Bernard Steunenberg is Professor of Public Administration at Leiden University, the Netherlands. His main research interest is the analysis of decision making at the European Union and neo-institutional approaches to social interaction. Recent publications include 'Strategic power in the European Union: Evaluating the distribution of power in policy games' in the Journal of Theoretical Politics (1999) 11: (with Dieter Schmidtchen and Christian Koboldt) and Political institutions and public policy: Perspectives on European decision making, 1997, Dordrecht: Kluwer (with Frans van Vught). Arco Timmermans (1964) studied political science at Leiden University, the Netherlands, and obtained a doctorate in the Political and Social Sciences from the European University Institute in Florence, Italy. From 1992 until 1998 he was a lecturer at the Delft University of Technology. Since 1998 he is a lecturer in policy sciences at the Faculty of Public Administration and Public Policy, University of Twente. His main research interests are in conditions for success and failure in the design of public policies and institutions, the impact of institutions on policy making, and coalition politics in the policy process. Currently he is involved in a comparative project on assisted reproduction technology policy in North America and Europe. Willem Trommel received his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Leiden. He is assistant professor at the University of Twente, Faculty of Public Administration. He has published in the field of welfare state reform, labor market policy and

4 254 institutional change. Recent publications include: Managed liberalization of the Dutch Welfare State (with Romke van der Veen, Governance 1999). Mark van Twist is managing director of Berenschot Process Management and associate professor in Public Management at the Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management of Delft University of Technology. He is also vice-dean at the Netherlands School of Public Administration (NSOB). He studied business administration and public administration. His research and consultancy activities are concentrated on privatization, liberalization and deregulation. Romke van der Veen is Professor of Sociology at the University of Twente, the Netherlands. His research is concerned with processes of change taking place in modern welfare states, in particular in the domain of social policy. His research focuses on the interplay between the institutional structure of welfare states or specific policy fields and the content of social policy. Recent publications: R. van der Veen and W. Trommel, Managed Liberalization of the Dutch Welfare State, in: Governance, ; R. van der Veen, Solidarity and Social Security. The Consequences of the Decollectivisation of the Dutch Social Security System, in: Sociale Wetenschappen, Bert de Vroom is Associate Professor of Sociology of Public Policy, Faculty of Public Administration and Public Policy, University of Twente, The Netherlands. He published widely on regulation and governance in the field of Aids policy, labor market and welfare state policy. Among his international publications are 'The Dutch reaction to contaminated blood: An example of co-operative governance' in M. Bovens, P. 't Hart and G. Peters (eds.), Success and Failure in Governance, Edward Elgar (2000); 'Neue Organisationen und alte Sektoren - Eine Analyse der Organisationen im Bereich HIV/AIDS in einigen europaischen Landern' (with Patrick Kenis) in A. Evers and T. Olk (Hrsg.) Wohlfahrtspluralismus. Vom Wohlfahrtstaat zur Wohlfahrtsgesellschaft. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag 1996; Regulating Employment and Welfare, (with Frieder Naschold); Berlin, De Gruyter (1994). Currently he is co-ordinator of the European research network COST Al3 working group 'Ageing and Work'. Hendrik Wagenaar is associate professor of public administration, Leiden University, the Netherlands, with a specialization in public policy. He is a member of the advisory board of the Netherlands Institute of Government. Ph.D. in Urban Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in He publishes on practice and discourse in public administration and public policy, on value pluralism in public administration, and on the unintended consequences of public policy. In preparation: The New Interpretive Policy Analysis: Discourse, Practice, Democracy. (with Maarten Hajer).

5 INDEX abduction, , , accountability, 6, 12, 122, 125, ,239 accountability talks, 219, 223, 226, 229 action, 4-5, 13, 16-17, 19,58-59, 73, 79, 83, , 130, 148, 151, 156, 159, , 167, , 201,222,237,245 administrative agencies, 6, 42, 45-46, , Australia, 22, 30 bureaucracy, 131, , , 142,220,225 consociationalism, corporatism, 49, 50, 53, 59, 61, 62, 74 crisis management, 2,11,21,23-28 crisis-reform thesis, 11,24-25,27-28 cultural bias, 5, 179, , 185, design, 6, 19, 25, 37-40,66,69,79, 132, , 186, , 194, , 223, , , 231, , contexts of, 6, dilemmas in, 218, 223, institutional, 5, 6, 25, 37-40, 66, ,241,244,246,249 principles, 235, , , 248 Dewey, , 114, , 125 DiMaggio and Powell, 3, 75, 78 discourse, 5, 25, , , , 157, 159, , , analysis, 5 Dutch disease, 48, 50, 59-60, 69 Dutch miracle, 55, 57 Dutch welfare state, 3, 34,41,44,47-50, 52-53, 55, 57, 59, 64, 67, efficiency, 1-4, 10, 46, 67, 77, 81, 122, , 189,204,207, 209, 212,217,230 European Council, 93, 103 European Parliament, 4, 89-94, 96, 99, 100, , 179, 187, European Union, 3, 22, 55, 89-90, 92-95, 101, , 194, 207, 243, Fayol,4, 129, , games game theoretical model, 94 sequential, noncooperative, 90 spatial modeling, 90 General Administrative Law Act, 5, 201,210 Giddens, 33, 53, , 118, governance, 1-4, 17, 21, 24, 36, 39-40,45,51,57,59,110, , , , 201, 203, 207, 214,248,242,244,249 higher education, 2-3, 10, 75, 79-80, 83,87 Housing Grants Agency, 203, identity, 5, 147, , , ,180 immigration, 10, 130 implementation, 3, 6, 10, 12, 13, 17-19, 22, 24, 26, 28, , 47-52, 64, 66-67, 78, 83, 89, 102, 159, , , ,

6 , 230, 238, 241, , 247 styles, , 206, 208 policy, 22,42 incentive paradigm, 3, 44, 46 incremental change, 3, 240, , 246 institutional analysis, , 242, change, 2-3, 33, 38,40,44-45,47, 50-52, 90-91, 207, 213, 236, 247,253 c r i s 11, e ~ 13, 2, 19,22 design, 5, 6, 25, 37-40, 66, 69, ,241,244,246 sectors, 3 structure, 12-15, 17-18, 21, 27-28, 33, 35-36,40-41,48-50, 72, 92, ,239,244, integrity, 12, 14-15, , 125, 152, ,211 isomorphism, 3,7,78-81,87 legality, legitimacy, I, 4, 10, 13, 16, 19-22, 48, 110, , , , 197 narrative, 5, , 154, , , , analysis, ,152, 158, 172 oral style, , , 168 Netherlands see also Dutch, 1-3,6,9-10, 19, 29, 34, 45, 46-49, 50-53, 55-58,60-61,65-67,69,70-74,82, 87, 98, 147, 150, 158, 177, 179, 192,199,218,235,239,247,249 non-incremental changes, 15 organization theory, 5, , 137, Peirce, , 115, Pierson, 33-40, 45, 47-48, 50-53, policy implementation, 22, 41 learning, 39,40,49-52 sectors, 2, 9-11, 14-18, 20, 26, 28, practice, 4-6, 11, 14, 63, 77-78, 80, 87,91,99, , 106, , , , 124, 129, 134, 141, , 150, 158, , 187, 194, ,202,209, 214, 218, , , , 246 pragmatism, 4, , , 124 rational model of organization, 4, 129, 142 rationality, 1, 4, 7, 46, 72, 83, 87, , 124, , 138, 180 responsiveness, 14-15, 122, 131,225, 229,241 restructuring, 34-35, 40, 46-47, 49-52,67 retrenchment, 3, 34-41, 44-45, 50-52, 67 programmatic, 37-38,44-45, 51 systemic, 38 rules, 3, 6, 11-12, 14,33,42,52,57, 66, 78, 81, 90-92, 95-96, 99, , , 1I8-120, 123, 142, , 152, 167, 185, , ,210,212,221,225, ,235, , scientific management, , 145 Selznick, 4, 7,12,14,21,25,30,110, 114, , , situatedness, 5, social learning, 111, social rights paradigm, 3, 46 social security, 2-3, 10, 34, 40-43, 44-46,50,52,55-57,59-63,64-70, 203,237,247 Taylor, 4, 34, 53, 129, , , 145 technology assessment, 5, , 185,

7 INDEX 257 telecommunications policy, 235, , theory of the state, , , Treaty of Amsterdam, 3, 89, 102 unintended consequences, 26, 28, 33, 103,233 valuation, 111, Weber, 4, 129, , , ,242 welfare states, 3, 34-40, 47, 51-53, 70, 72 wicked problems, 179 Wildavsky, 111, 180, 195, 199,206, 215

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