6. In what ways might globalization render the nation-state relatively weak (and is this necessarily a bad thing)?

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1 Globalization Globalization is the expansion of global linkages, organization of social life on global scale, and growth of global consciousness, hence consolidation of world society. In Globalization we become more expose in other cultures or in many ways and in such we became affected of these and on the latter part we adopt these. In terms of social life the process of globalization introduces a more modern way technology/ies that we can use for communications like for example through the use of mobile phones etc. It made our everyday routines so easy. Then globalization let us interact and integrate with other people world-wide by the process of globalization. 1. In what ways has globalization been going on since the dawn of modern civilizations? Globalization been going on since the dawn of modern civilization when there is a new way that the ancient people discovered for their survival purposes and through their migration they came up with a new ways on how they will survive since they do not just stay on the same place all the time and it is because of their adjustments lead to globalization since the dawn of modern civilizations. 2. Is there anything wrong with Starbucks or McDonald s trying to crack the China market and open as many stores there as possible? For me there s nothing wrong with Starbucks or McDonald s trying to expand their stores in China market because these stores are just trying to earn and make profit and for sure Chinese people would love it too, based on my own experience I saw a lot of Chinese People who visit Starbucks and McDonald s here in Manila and they seemed to like it very much. 3. Should citizens make efforts to encourage their compatriots to purchase goods made in their own countries (i.e. to purchase American automobiles)? Of course the citizens should make efforts to encourage their folks to purchase products made in their own countries because it is a one way of promoting our own goods and we also promote the unique qualities of our local products. This is also a way to prepare ourselves just in case there will be a problem of exporting and importing of products globally and if that happens the least that we have is our own. 4. What are the benefits of globalization for the average person? For an average person the benefits of globalization, in terms of product, we are able to choose products from a wider variety of products, we are able to choose and buy product from competitive markets and we are expose to many competitive markets. 5. What are the drawbacks of globalization for the average person? Through globalization there will be inequalities between the rich and the poor especially in terms of income. And an average person is more expose of certain diseases (epidemic or pandemic) through communication. 6. In what ways might globalization render the nation-state relatively weak (and is this necessarily a bad thing)? 1 P a g e

2 Maybe in the way that globalization will be the one who s going to dictate what a nation-state should impose what kind of policy/ies. And maybe this is a necessarily a bad thing in a way because there was no states that had been dictated by this kind of scenario, except of course for some dictators. 7. Respond to those who assert that globalization is fueling nationalism, cultural reaction, and terrorist violence. Since globalization exposed us to a much wider phase it affected much the cultural reaction in a way that interchanging of culture are now basically happens which is a kind of complicated scenario and through globalization there are more possibilities that violence will come up every single day. 8. In what ways, if any, should globalization be stifled? In the way that nation-states should start promoting to their folks to enhance their own particularly their products, culture and etc. And there should purchase more products of they own. 9. Can and should the United States attempt to assume global leadership as the sole remaining superpower or is this merely going to be perceived as America in her quest for global hegemony? Yes since we had an impression in US as a superior and they continued as what they thought of, and since they already deceived many developing or third world countries. 10. Does supranational governance through the UN and other international organizations hold more promise than US leadership? No, because those organizations who are part of the UN were under the US leadership. Since that they were under it, US can control what the organization will make or what they are trying to do. 11. In what ways is globalization just a friendlier term for neo-imperialism? Globalization is a friendlier term for neo-imperialism through which in terms of globalization the most affected if it was the culture on how other cultures dominates one and another and there was a least patriotism in our own products because we tend to be an avid buyers of imported products and goods. And when we say neo-imperialism a country s economic status and politics were dominated also. 12. What would Karl Marx say about globalization? For Karl Marx by Globalization there will be a bigger clash between the social classes because in a globalized country the one that will benefit most are those who are in the high-class level. 13. How must education systems be fundamentally altered to accommodate this new, global market? Education systems should be fundamentally altered to accommodate this new global market by learning on how to be at the global market like implementing the trends in global market. 14. In the final analysis, will globalization lead to more peace or more war? Explain. 2 P a g e

3 It will lead to more peace because of the connection made. 15. List three specific things that we can do to maximize the potential of globalization while minimizing its deleterious effects. Proliferation of Solar Energy Eco Friendly Products Reproduction of Agricultural Products 16. Respond to the following quote, It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity. (Koffi Annan) Whatever you will do it will never change and it will come to the point that it will be globally phenomenon. 17. Respond to the following quote, Globalization is a fact of life. But I believe we have underestimated its fragility. (Kofi Annan) The markets specifically the globalized markets out-spaces the abilities of the societies to produce. 18. Respond to the following quote, Globalization, as defined by rich people like us, is a very nice thing you are talking about the Internet, you are talking about cell phones, you are talking about computers. This doesn t affect two-thirds of the people of the world. (Jimmy Carter) That Globalization benefit most of those in the high-class and those were the affected of globalized markets, those who are in the third-world countries weren t that much affected because they can t even afford to be at the globalized markets 19. Respond to the following quote, Our task is not to make societies safe for globalization, but to make the global system safe for decent societies. To have a better and a safe global system there should be a decent regulations and participations implemented in a society. 20. Will globalization make it so your life and career will be easier or harder than your parents' lives and careers? It is likely that I am member of your parents generation rather than of your generation. I would argue that globalization will likely make your generation s careers harder than those of my generation. At the same time, globalization might make your lives easier than ours. As globalization becomes more prevalent, it becomes harder for many Americans to have secure careers. Globalization creates a situation in which Americans have to compete with workers from other countries. Americans who have low levels of education will often find it very hard to compete with those workers. Even those with more education can have a harder time. Globalization will continue to increase as your generation reaches working age, thus making it harder for people of your generation to have stable careers. 3 P a g e

4 By contrast, your lives might be easier (at least for those who do end up with good careers). Globalization also allows us to have access to cheaper goods and services. It allows us to buy imported goods that are cheaper than the goods that were made in the US. This improves our quality of life and makes our lives easier. Thus, I would argue that globalization will make your generation s careers harder but will make life easier for many of you. 21. What are considered the major advantages and disadvantages of globalization? Globalization is perhaps the most important feature of the world s economy today. It is most definitely a two-edged sword. It is seen as something that can improve the overall economic situation of people and countries around the world. However, at the same time, it is seen as something that does great harm to individual people and individual industries in various countries. The main benefit of globalization is that it increases the amount of goods and services that can be produced in the world and tends to lower their price. When more countries are able to participate in the global economy, those that can make products most cheaply tend to get to make those products. This means that more products can be made at lower prices. On the whole, more production means better lives for people on average. The problem is that globalization hurts some individuals while helping others. We can see the hurt that globalization does here in the US. Globalization has hurt Americans who have little education and/or have been working in manufacturing. These people used to be able to get good jobs that paid well. Today, their jobs have been sent to other countries and they can only get lower-paying jobs here. Thus, globalization is said to help people as a whole, but to hurt individual groups. 22. What measures might be implemented to alleviate the disadvantages of globalization? It is not at all clear how to alleviate the problems caused by globalization. If it were clear how to do this, countries would already have taken steps and globalization would not cause as many problems as it does. The approach that seems to make the most sense is to provide education and training for the workforce in each country. Education and training are important for the people who have been harmed by globalization. For example, in the US, many people have been harmed by globalization when their jobs have been sent overseas to places where labor is cheaper. Such people could potentially be helped by giving them government-funded training for jobs that do exist in the US. Education and training are important for young people in various countries. Education and training will allow them to be better qualified to fill various kinds of jobs. Education, in particular can bring about a situation where more people in developing countries can start businesses that will be able to diversify their economies. All of this is much easier to say than to actually implement. We have not yet found fool-proof ways to alleviate the problems caused by globalization. 23. Globalization has challenged the nation-state through both supranational organizations and religious foundations of politics. How are each products of globalization? To answer this question, let us first look at what supranational organizations are. These are organizations like the United Nations or the World Bank which are made up of representatives of many countries and are not strictly controlled by any country. These organizations have some amount of control over sovereign states. It is fairly clear to see how this is a result of globalization. As the world has globalized, 4 P a g e

5 there has come to be a need for more supranational organizations. For example, as there has come to be more international trade, the need for supranational organizations like the World Trade Organization, which can make and enforce rules regarding international trade, has increased as well. Before globalization, there were fewer interactions between countries and, therefore, less of a need for organizations to regulate those interactions. It is also plausible to argue that globalization has helped to bring about religious foundations of politics. There are many religions with adherents across the globe. As the world becomes more globalized, the adherents of these religions come into contact with one another to a greater extent. They are more aware of their coreligionists in other countries and feel more of a connection with those people. Therefore, we start to have situations in which people in Saudi Arabia, for example, feel a desire to get involved in Afghanistan s affairs because they want to help their coreligionists. Because globalization brings about more contact between people in different countries, it allows them to become connected on the basis of religion instead of being separated by their citizenship in different states. In these ways, globalization can lead to such different outcomes as politics based on religion and supranational organizations. 24. Name three examples of diplomatic globalization, economic globalization, and cultural... Our world today is becoming much more globalized than it has been at any point in the past. We are more connected to the economies of other countries. At the same time, we also share more things in common with other countries in terms of culture. Finally, we are creating more and more ways in which more countries have more sorts of diplomatic ties with one another. All of this can be seen as globalization. Economic globalization is the best-known aspect of globalization. The main example of this is simply that so many things that we own are made in other countries. The bookshelf I just bought was MADE IN CHINA. I used cooking oil from Canada last night. When I call a help center for technical support, I might talk to someone in the Philippines. All of these connections are examples of economic globalization. In terms of culture, we are also globalizing. This is because things like the Internet make it easier for us to see and consume each other s culture. An example of this was the huge popularity of the Gangnam Style video by the South Korean rapper Psy. Another example is the popularity of European soccer teams in countries around the world. Diplomatic globalization is the least well-known of these. It consists of things like the creation of more international organizations. It also consists of things like the cooperation between China and the US (among other countries) to try to combat piracy off the coast of Somalia. 25. How has globalization affected gender issues? As with all inquiry into globalization, the answer is complex. On one hand, I think that a case can be made that globalization has constructed a homogeneity where generating wealth and its accumulation are the only elements that matter. Globalization has blurred gender issues with its emphasis on material consumerism and the idea that technological advances can make everyone "the same." A case can be made that globalization has empowered the those in the position of power and the drive for money has reduced the complexity of gender issues to issues of wealth and poverty. In this light, the focus on class and material reality has obscured the fight for gender equality. Globalization has sought to make the 5 P a g e

6 international bazaar one in which we examine commercial progress and access to the benefits of such progress, sometimes at the cost of gender issues or gender awareness. In a world linked by cellular technology, driven by the latest "tablet," and one where Skyping and Tweeting are all that matter, gender issues seem to blur into something more homogeneous. However, an equally compelling case can be made that these elements that have sought to make our world "smaller" have also generated a resurgence of gender awareness. Women who might have lived lives in other parts of the world, unaware of how other women live, can now demonstrate an understanding what it means to be a woman around the world. Technology has enabled the woman in sub Saharan Africa to understand what it means to be a woman in Beijing. The woman in New York City can see what life is like in rural India. Being a woman has become something that can be transmitted and communicated with greater ease in a globalized setting. Along these lines, the fight for gender identity has become something that is not "Western" or "Eastern" but rather a global issue for all. For example, when Malala is shot, it is not a statement about women's rights in Pakistan, but rather one that opens a discussion about education for women around the world. Feminism is becoming largely understood as not merely a construct of "the West," but something that all women around the world must comprehend: Female genital mutilation has been justified on the grounds that it is a cultural tradition. The idea that women should not be deprived of their most basic rights has been dubbed cultural imperialism, so that feminism is billed as an attempt to impose American or Western culture in other countries. As feminists we need to know this argument is not true. Women from all cultures in the world want to have full equality to men, want to have the right to self-determination, to education, to birth control. These are not Western and certainly not American ideas. The suggestion that they are is merely a ploy on the part of backlash movements. At the same time, embracing a more globalized view of what it means to be a woman has sought to reinvigorate a discussion of what it means to be a woman all over the world. Many women in the West see issues of contraception denial in one part of the world as something that must be stopped everywhere: "Americans have their own contingent of people who believe in forcing women back into the home, denying them control over reproduction and economic self-determination." In this light, it can be argued that globalization has done much to universalize the cause of women's rights, impacting gender issues in a progressive manner. 26. Agents of globalization are such things as: trade, migration, mass culture, and communications. How much do these differ from previous centuries? How do they affect structures of civilizations? We often think that globalization has only come into being in the last few decades. This is, however, not the case. Globalization has been going on for centuries. The agents of globalization today are essentially the same as agents of globalization in past centuries. The only real differences are differences of speed and scale. In this question, you say that agents of globalization include mass culture, trade, migration, and communications. All of these things existed in past centuries. Let us look at a few examples. The United Kingdom was trading with India 300 years ago. There was migration from Germany and Ireland to the United States in the 1840s. The first cable to link North America to Europe by telegraph was completed in All of these things helped to create globalization. 6 P a g e

7 However, these agents of globalization work faster and on a larger scale today. Instead of communicating by telegraph between stations, we communicate by internet or telephone directly with one another. Instead of having trade or migration that goes by sailing ship, we now use airplanes or much larger and faster ships than in times past. Our mass culture is disseminated across many countries very quickly through movies, TV, and the internet. From this, we can see that the agents of globalization have not changed over the centuries. They have simply become faster and allowed for globalization on a much larger scale. This has changed the structure of civilizations by making them more similar. In the past, different civilizations could be structured very differently and rulers could keep their societies from interacting with the outside to a much greater degree. Today, this is much less possible, which means that rulers in any given civilization lack the ability to maintain their civilizations separation from the rest of the world. 27. What is cultural globalization? Illustrate with examples Cultural globalization is the phenomenon in which people from different countries come to have cultures that resemble one another instead of having completely distinct cultures. I am not British, but knowing what I do about British culture; let me offer a few instances of globalization. Food. As in most places in the world, many foreign foods have become normal parts of the diet. One example of this would be curry. Sport. In football, teams in the Premier League have players and managers from all over the world. The English game has become less distinct from the way the game is played elsewhere. Mass entertainment. Entertainers from Britain become well-known outside Britain and foreign entertainers become famous in Britain. All of these things are examples of ways in which British culture has become less distinct from the cultures of other countries. 28. If you had to choose one, would you define globalization primarily as a political, economic, or technological phenomenon? I would choose to say that globalization is mainly a technological phenomenon. The technology is what makes globalization possible, leading to the economic and political aspects of the phenomenon. Globalization has arisen because of technology. Globalization started in somewhat minor ways long ago when ship and navigational technology improved. As technology improved, globalization increased. It really took off with a few technological innovations. For example, the rise in containerization was tremendously important. This helped to reduce shipping costs and make it more feasible to produce in one country and ship the goods to other countries. Perhaps the greatest drive of globalization recently has been communications technology. The internet, in particular, has made it very easy to communicate between countries. This has allowed globalization to spread to areas of business such as customer service and computer programming. Of course, the economic and political aspects of globalization are very important. However, they would not be possible were it not for the technological changes that have allowed globalization to occur. For this reason, I would choose to say that globalization is primarily a technological phenomenon. 7 P a g e

8 29. What implications does globalization have for your job? Globalization will impact different people s jobs in different ways. There is no one answer that will be right for all types of jobs. When we think about the impacts of globalization, we typically think of jobs being lost. This can certainly be true, particularly for low-skilled jobs in industries where labor costs are a significant proportion of the cost of production. Therefore, jobs in such things as the textile industry and in call centers have been lost to globalization because they can be done more cheaply in other countries. However, globalization can actually be beneficial to some people. Imagine that you work for Microsoft. Your job may be helped by globalization because globalization creates more customers for the software that your firm makes. The same could be true for someone in the movie business. As more countries demand American movies, your industry could benefit. In other words, if you are in a business that can export (or can sell to foreigners who come to your country), you can benefit from globalization. Finally, there are jobs that are simply not going to be impacted much by globalization. Most teachers jobs are in this category. These are jobs that cannot really be done anywhere else. The same goes for retail jobs. These are jobs that will not be directly affected by globalization. In these ways, globalization affects different jobs differently. 30. How is our society impacted by globalization? Different societies are affected in different ways by globalization. I will answer this from the perspective of the society of the United States. US society is impacted by globalization in many ways, both good and bad. Perhaps the most important impacts of globalization on US society are economic. The most commonly discussed impacts of globalization on our society are negative. These are the jobs that are lost as things that were once manufactured in the US come to be produced elsewhere. However, this is not the only impact that globalization has on the US. American consumers are helped by globalization. Globalization allows products to be made much more cheaply. This gives Americans a higher standard of living as they can afford more goods and services. Globalization also has an impact on our culture. One very high profile example of this is the recent popularity of the Korean song Gangnam Style. Prior to globalization, Americans would likely never have heard of this song. We are also impacted in the area of sports. Globalization has allowed many foreigners to play in the National Basketball Association, for example. It has also led to a situation where many Americans are fans of certain European soccer teams. In these ways, globalization has affected us both economically and culturally. 31. What are the advantages and disadvantages of "global connectivity?" I assume that you are asking about connectivity in the sense of the internet rather than in terms of ships and airplanes and such. Global connectivity s major advantage is that it allows rapid communication of all sorts to and from practically any spot in the world. This makes trade much easier. It makes it easier for businesses in one country to deal with firms in others. This increases worldwide efficiency. The major downside to global internet connectivity is the danger of cybercrime or cyberwarfare. The internet makes it much easier for people in one country to try to scam those in other countries. It allows countries to try to attack one another s infrastructure using viruses and other malicious software. 32. What are the benefits and costs of globalization? According to economists, the benefits of globalization are felt by almost everyone. Globalization means that consumers in the various economies will get the best possible prices for the widest variety of goods. This comes about as goods can be made in the places where they are made most efficiently. 8 P a g e

9 The costs of globalization are typically felt by certain sectors of the various economies. All economies face new competition as globalization occurs. Some sectors of their economy (such as low-skill manufacturing in rich countries) get outcompeted by competition from other countries. The people in those sectors suffer the costs of globalization as they lose their jobs to the foreign competition. 33. How can you argue that globalization is bad for developing countries? You can argue this in at least two ways. First, you can say that globalization exposes businesses in developing countries to competition from rich countries. This competition can overwhelm the firms in the developing countries because they do not yet have the experience and the efficiency needed to compete with the "big boys." Second, you can say that globalization lets rich countries simply use poor countries as colonies. The rich countries do things like using people in the poor countries as low paid, unskilled labor. They do not do anything that will help the poor countries develop. Instead, they simply use them however they can and then move on to some other country if that seems more profitable to them. 34. If you had to choose one, would you define globalization primarily as a political, economic, or technological phenomenon? I would choose to say that globalization is mainly a technological phenomenon. The technology is what makes globalization possible, leading to the economic and political aspects of the phenomenon. Globalization has arisen because of technology. Globalization started in somewhat minor ways long ago when ship and navigational technology improved. As technology improved, globalization increased. It really took off with a few technological innovations. Perhaps the greatest drive of globalization recently has been communications technology. The internet, in particular, has made it very easy to communicate between countries. Of course, the economic and political aspects of globalization are very important. However, they would not be possible if technological changes have not allowed globalization to occur. For this reason, I would choose to say that globalization is primarily a technological phenomenon. 35. What are the benefits and drawbacks of globalization for the average person? Benefits; For an average person the benefits of globalization, in terms of product, we are able to choose products from a wider variety of products, we are able to choose and buy product from competitive markets and we are expose to many competitive markets, new technologies etc. Drawbacks; Through globalization there will be inequalities between the rich and the poor especially in terms of income. And an average person is more exposed to certain diseases (epidemic or pandemic) 9 P a g e

10 through communication, terrorism, cultural destruction, unemployment, crimes, environmental pollution etc. 36. Will globalization make it so your life and career will be easier or harder than your parents' lives and careers? Argue It is likely that I am member of your parents generation rather than of your generation. I would argue that globalization will likely make your generation s careers harder than those of my generation. At the same time, globalization might make your lives easier than ours. As globalization becomes more prevalent, it becomes harder for many youth to have secured careers. Globalization creates a situation in which people have to compete with workers from other countries. Those who have low levels of education will often find it very hard to compete with those workers. Even those with more education can have a harder time. Globalization will continue to increase as your generation reaches working age, thus making it harder for people of your generation to have stable careers. By contrast, your lives might be easier (at least for those who do end up with good careers). Globalization also allows us to have access to cheaper goods and services. It allows us to buy imported goods that are cheaper than the goods that were made by local industries. This improves our quality of life and makes our lives easier. Thus, I would argue that globalization will make your generation s careers harder but will make life easier for many of us. 37. In what ways is globalization just a friendlier term for neo-imperialism/colonialism? Globalization is a friendlier term for neo-imperialism/colonialism through which in terms of globalization the most affected are the culture, economy, business, politics, military, education etc. as external/stronger countries dominates others and there is least patriotism because we are influenced by foreigners thus sovereignty of one country may be interfered/influenced in one way or another. On that note, globalization may be viewed as modern imperialism/colonialism. 10 P a g e