International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology ISSN (0nline) (Print) A REFEREED JOURNAL OF

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1 International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology ISSN (0nline) (Print) A REFEREED JOURNAL OF Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust Published by isara

2 Policy making and its successful implementation Policy Dr Maharishi Mudgal Dev Former Chairperson National and International Council For Scientific Research, Japan Former Pro Chancellor International Open University, Meghalaya A principle of behaviour, conduct etc. thought to be fascinating or necessary, particularly as formally expressed by a government or alternative authoritative body. How area unit political and Implementation Related? Policy-making and implementation processes are studied terribly intensively by political scientists - political for many decades and implementation largely among the last decade. Generally, however, political and policy implementation been treated as 2 separate phenomena by students divided by specialization. students of legislative behaviour and political have seldom been fascinated by what happened when the laws were passed, and implementation students have usually restricted their interests to what happened when the passing of a law. once implementation gaps - that is that the typical finding - area unit known, implementation students tend to elucidate such gaps by examining the implementation method and structure, wanting - put down alia - at the radiating interests of implementing actors or their lack of capability to implement the laws. How Policies area unit enforced The implementation of policy refers to really enacting the planned solutions. whether or not a given policy has been enforced with success depends on 3 major criteria: 1. A policy has to be communicated from the creator (e.g., an area official, or the President) to the relevant organisation among the paperwork that has the ability to enact it. Thus, a policy designed to enforce traffic safety by reducing on the amount of drunk drivers would be passed right down to enforcement officers for implementation. once no existing agency has the capabilities to hold out a given policy, new agencies should be established and staffed. this is often mirrored most clearly within the "alphabet soup" agencies established by Franklin D. Roosevelt beneath the New Deal. 2. Second, a policy has to be communicated clearly and simple to interpret if it's to be enforced effectively. an excessive amount of ambiguity during this stage will result in involvement by the Page 52

3 judiciary that may force legislators to clarify their ends and means that for policy implementation. The judiciary might rule the implementation of such policies. 3. Finally, the resources applied to implementation should integrate with existing processes and agencies, while not inflicting intensive disruption, competition, or conflict. Public philosophy In Asian nation The creating of public policy for a rustic as massive, thickly settled and numerous as Asian nation is per se a a lot of complicated task than in a very smaller unit. This builds a study of the establishments that make policy all the a lot of necessary. Measured by economic process or attainment of human development objectives, Asian nation remains not solely Associate in Nursing underdeveloped country however one that is sometimes thought to be Associate in Nursing underperformer, that may do higher. Fiscal Responsibility Bill A commercial enterprise Responsibility and Budget Management Bill was tabled in Parliament in 2000 to be enacted that year. it absolutely was eventually enacted solely in 2003 in a very greatly changed form10. Reservation of Parliamentary Seats for ladies Two makes an attempt to introduce the Women's Reservation Bill over a 3 year amount have failing. each the most national political parties claim to be in support of the target. astonishingly alternatives to a number of the precise policy provisions of the Bill, or the elemental philosophical queries of the desirability or otherwise of reservation for ladies, don't appear to own been adequately explored or debated either before or when the primary try at its introduction, or within the interim before the primary and second try. Telecom Interconnection Charges The telecommunication regulatory agency of Republic of India introduced a replacement policy on interconnection charges for personal operators in Apr at intervals 10 days of its introduction, when criticism from a number of the affected quarters, it indicated that the policy would be modified. These options are symptomatic a poor political method and specifically of executive policy unreliability [Evans & Manning, 2003].Barring the Women s Reservation case, politics wasn't the prime reason for delays or changes in most of the examples. Even wherever politics seems to be the rationale, there's typically a lot of to that. whereas it's quite potential for strictly political issues to derail a well-structured political method, in several cases weaknesses within the political method exacerbated political interference. so political "interference" was typically (though by no means that Page 53

4 always) simply a manifestation of things neglected or incomprehensible within the policymaking method. Good political structures and processes do matter and may overcome political dustup, as apparent from the proof of different countries that ar democracies. To cite one instance, an honest a part of the credit for the post-1945 Japanese economic miracle goes to the processes that enabled Japan to return out with coherent and well-implemented policies [Economic & Social Commission for Asia & The Pacific, 1995]. Conditional Access System (CAS) The government determined in early 2003 to introduce a Conditional Access System for cable tv within the railroad line cities with result from July fifteenth The date was declared well earlier and due subject matter given. All parties involved were told that the policy decided and as late as Gregorian calendar month thirty, it absolutely was declared that the date wouldn't be changed13. numerous sections of the cable business argued for or against numerous aspects of the policy.14, 15, 16, 17Among different things a shortage of set-top boxes was feared. Eventually, simply some days before July fifteenth, the implementation was delayed to September and it absolutely was determined to travel for a phased implementation. Weaknesses in India's Public philosophy A comparison of the truth of political in Republic of India with the theoretical framework made public within the preceding section shows the subsequent shortcomings. Excessive overlap between philosophy and implementation Another downside is that the excessive overlap between implementation, program formulation and philosophy that creates a bent to target operational convenience instead of on public desires. political in Indian ministries happens at the amount of Director and higher than, however the foremost necessary level (crucial for thought of cross-cutting impacts) is that of the Secretaries to the govt. of Republic of India, UN agency ar their Ministers policy advisers-in-chief. However, as mentioned earlier, the exact same Secretaries pay an outsized a part of their time delayed on routine daily administration of existing policy. Time is spent anticipating and respondent parliamentary queries, attending conferences and functions on implementation problems etc. partially the matter is symptomatic over-centralisation excessive concentration of implementation powers at the upper Page 54

5 levels of the Ministries. Partly, it's additionally thanks to such officers being more well-off with implementation matters than with philosophy. The result's that sub-optimal policies, wherever adequate attention has not been paid to subject desires, tend to emerge. References Betænkning Betænkning om invalidepension m.v. Bet. nr. 371/1965. Copenhagen. Betænkning Betænkning vedr. Invalideforsikringsrettens administration. Copenhagen. Elmore, R.F 'Backward Mapping: Implementation Research and Policy Decisions', Political Science Quarterly 94, Meyer, P Systemic Aspects of Public Administration. Copenhagen: Gad/Aarhus: Politica. Olsen, J.P 'Public Policy-Making and Theories of Organizational Choice', Scandinavian Political Studies 1, Page 55

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7 .. Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust भ रत य भ ष, श, स हहत य एव ध ISSN MANAGEMENT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ISSN (0) (P) COMMERCE, ARTS AND SCIENCE ISSN MANAGEMENT SOCIOLOGY & HUMANITIES ISSN (0) (P) SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ISSN (online) MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND INNOVATION