SECURITY AND STABILISATION IN THE NIGER DELTA
|
|
- Elwin Moore
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SECURITY AND STABILISATION IN THE NIGER DELTA
2 Background Context The stability of the Niger Delta region remains fragile, as displayed in the violence witnessed during the 2015 general elections, the inconclusive gubernatorial election in Rivers State, the tensions in Bayelsa State and ongoing Biafra agitations. The failure of the Presidential Amnesty Programme (PAP) to effectively dismantle the command structure of the various militant groups, and the inability of the federal government to initiate a major development strategy for the region, mean that the underlying causes of instability remain unaddressed. At the peak of the insurgency, the region experienced a considerable decline in economic activities 1. High cost of security investment placed considerable burden on the budget of most corporations, particularly in the oil and gas sector, resulting in the diversion of productive resources to securing production facilities and installations. Senior corporate executives relocated to safer locations, notably Lagos, in response to the incessant abduction and kidnappings. Against the backdrop of proliferation of arms and weapons 2, the risk and motivation for re-armament to engage in violence are evidently high and can be readily activated. Security services in the Niger Delta region are pushed to compete for shrinking resources with those fighting the intransigent insurgency in the North-East. It would therefore be extremely damaging to be sucked into trying to combat a fresh wave of conflict in the south too. This paper explores the interrelated drivers of the conflict, and proposes policy recommendations to address the prevailing challenges and reduce future instability. With crude oil prices at the lowest in many years, the oil and gas industry is again taking a hit, and the Nigerian economy is exposing its vulnerability. Lack of investment is creating an economic vacuum where an illegal shadow-economy is thriving. Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea has made the coastal waters the most dangerous in the world. Meanwhile, crude oil theft and illegal oil refining are involving entire communities. 1 The Nigerian economy experienced a fall in in-flow of foreign direct investment from about $20 billion in 2007 to about $6.1 billion in Nwogwugwu et al Militancy and Insecurity in the Niger Delta: Impact on the inflow of foreign direct investment to Nigeria. Available Online: 2 Professor Aloysius Okolie, who is the South East coordinator on House Survey of PRESCOM, made the revelation during a two-day stakeholders sensitization forum on the Comprehensive National Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) survey in Nigeria held at Villa Toscana Hotel, Enugu. Reported in Vanguard newspaper, 27th October
3 Analysis of the Causes of Instability The underlying causes of the conflict in the Niger Delta region are complex. At the root of the conflict are structural factors that keep the state weak and fragmented. These factors cause tensions between the state and its citizens, thereby creating the conditions for conflict. Patrimonialism creates competition for control of who gets what, when and how. This phenomenon occurs in political offices, allocation of key ministries, and complex patronage system of god-fatherism. State resources provide opportunities for enrichment and are, for many, the only vehicle through which they can advance and protect their privileges. An analysis by Nextier reveals that from 2010 to 2015, about US$ billion 3 was allocated to the nine state governments in the region, while development results have been lacking. This amount does not include the amounts allocated to security issues and controlled by the state governors without recourse to any accountability processes. The threat of violence remains until these resources begin to be used effectively. these are used instead to secure private interests; and, (3) a state that does not provide a functioning regulatory framework. The consequence of these three dynamics is that people live in physical and institutional insecurity, which exacerbates their reliance on exclusive extra-judiciary means. When manipulated by armed actors, these tensions can turn violent. Fragmented-identities. In uncertain times, people fall back on smaller reciprocal networks, which are usually made up of their tribe, clan and extended family. The more outside pressure there is, in the form of increased violence or reduced livelihoods, the more people are likely to define their social group in small, exclusive terms, increasing the perceived differences between themselves and other groups. Patrimonialism is reinforced and political entrepreneurs take advantage of these dynamics to fuel tensions and mobilize groups in their favour. Institutions in a patrimonial system are kept weak for the system to work, resulting in (1) a state that is vulnerable to interferences by powerful actors; (2) security and justice institutions that lack the capacity to provide security and enforce the rule of law as 3 Nextier (2015). Political Economy Analysis of Fund Flow to the Niger Delta Region 2
4 Frame of reference built on violence. The region has been embroiled in various forms of conflict for decades. As people have little experience of change through non-violent means, violence has become engrained as a legitimate response to resolve actual, potential, or perceived conflict. This creates a society which tends to be sceptical about long-term peaceful political change and which, once mobilized, can turn very violent. Furthermore, not knowing what the future would bring has made many people s outlook quite short-term, and focused on day-to-day survival. It is crucial to build a sense of transformation and hope in the region to support stability as a mediumterm outcome. Poverty. As the result of environmental pollution, significant areas are no longer able to support traditional livelihoods such as fishing and cultivation. Competition over ownership and access to the remaining productive areas is intensifying regional and ethnic tensions. Many of the rural poor migrate to cities in search of employment. However, since the urban poor across Nigeria are marginally better off than the rural poor, 4 this migration simply increases the pool of unemployed youths in the cities. This results in a burgeoning pool of unemployed youth who become potential recruits for acts of violence. These youth are mostly found within the urban and periphery-urban areas and generally comprise a mixture of skilled and unskilled youth within the ages of years. 4 National Bureau of Statistics (2010). Nigeria Poverty Profile
5 Conflict Drivers and Multipliers The interactions between the root causes of conflict are worsened by the presence of conflict multipliers (such as the availability of small arms and light weapons, impunity and abuse of access, activities of conflict entrepreneurs, etc.). This conflict map takes as a starting point the inability of people to meet their basic needs, be it in the form of security, livelihoods, or community solidarity, and how this condition in the presence of conflict multipliers leads to a cycle of violence that perpetuates and feeds on itself. Within the Niger Delta, four negative dynamics or multipliers of conflict can be identified: Security dilemmas: Security dilemmas are a result of the patrimonial nature of the state, which has kept institutions, in particular justice, defence and security, weak and fragmented. As the state has previously been unable or unwilling to protect people and their livelihoods, communities tend to rely on militant leaders for self-defence. The security vacuum presents an opportunity for multiple, competing armed groups to flourish and expand their influence and agendas, more so if the judicial institutions are purposefully compromised. Exploitation of natural resources: The availability of valuable, marketable natural resources which can be exploited illegally by methods requiring relatively low financial inputs and low labour intensity - is attractive to various parties (disaffected communities, armed groups, political actors, fraudulent businessmen, etc.). In particular, young men find themselves in exploitative economic situations that leave them vulnerable to recruitment by militant groups and oil theft and illegal refining networks. Porous Borders: A combination of extensive and highly porous borders, such as the open water outlets to the Gulf of Guinea, facilitates easy access to illegal oil sales and importation of illicit weapons in the Niger Delta. Deployment of military and naval personnel has not solved the problem as these security personnel have themselves become involved in the oil theft and bunkering. Mobilisation around land and identity: Community grievances are mobilised through a complex interplay of root causes of violence (discussed above). As livelihoods are difficult to come by and ecosystems are weakened to support agriculture, communities fall back on exclusive ethnic or tribal identities as a source of solidarity and resources. Political or armed actors (conflict entrepreneurs) can easily manipulate these grievances. 4
6 The diagram below (fig.1) shows conflict dynamics at the micro level. It illustrates how the interplay of poverty and youth unemployment can breed social despair and frustrations, and how the potential for conflict is heightened with the proliferation of small arms and weapons as a multiplier of conflict. The interplay of weapon proliferation and weak state security institutions induced by irresponsive governance leads to political violence. Irresponsive governance in the context of Patrimonialism can result in weak security institutions that in turn results in security vacuum. Conflict entrepreneurs and restive youths can exploit this situation to ferment conflict. Interplay of Conflict dynamics and causes and illustrative program responses Micro-level Program Responses: Employment creation measures Enterprise and skills development Apprenticeship and job placement Youth unemployment Rearmament Weapon proliferation Program Responses: Small Arms collection program Cordon and search operation Regulatory framework against illicit arms DDR Security Sector Reform Rule of Law Despair and frustration Insecurity Political violence Distrust Program Responses: Poverty reduction measures Alternative livelihood support measures Agriculture and cash transfers Investment in the social and infrastructure sectors Poverty Irresponsive governance Program Responses: Transparency and accountability framework Measure of good governance Rule of Law and justice reform Figure 1. Interplay of Conflict Dynamics and Causes and Illustrative Programme Responses 5
7 Macro-Level Conflict Interplay Interplay of Conflict drivers and causes Macro -level Security Dilemma/Vacuum Interplay 1 Mobilization around land and identity Interplay 2 Interplay 4 Border/External Dynamics Interplay 3 Exploitation of natural resources Figure 2. Macro-level interplay of conflict drivers and causes 1. Interplay between security dilemmas and mobilisation around land and identities : This analysis reveals why people form militant groups to meet their needs or to exploit the security vacuum created through fragmented and weakened state institutions, and how tensions around land crystallise around identity as competition for land grows and the state cannot or will not protect people s safety or property. Conflict entrepreneurs can then manipulate these tensions. The original interplay is strengthened by the addition of border dynamics that provide easy access to import illicit arms and weapons. The exploitation of natural resources reinforces the dynamic by proving a readily available source of income for armed groups and the struggle for exploitation of natural resources through oil theft and bunkering. 6
8 2. Interplay between security dilemmas and border or external dynamics : As a result of the fragmented nature of state institutions, borders are insecure and external actors with interest in illicit trades on oil can expand their influence through importation of arms into the region. 3. Interplay between exploitation of natural resources and external or border dynamics : External actors involved in oil bunkering cultivate strong partnership with local militant leaders and bunkerers to secure lucrative oil business. Through the supply of illicit weapons, they keep the region insecure for purposes of sustaining their illegal trading activities. 5. Interplay between security dilemmas and exploitation of natural resources : Security dilemmas define the context in which a state is unable to neither regulate the trade in its natural resources nor provide security for its citizens. In most cases, high-placed officials and security officers benefit from trades of the national resources. The presence of militant groups, proliferation of weapons, and lucrative pricing for the commodity combine to heighten insecurity in the region. 4. Interplay between mobilisation around land and identity and exploitation of natural resources : As communities closely link their ethnic identity to the land that produces the resources, they tend to jealously guard rights of access and exploitation. This makes a more rational regime of planned investment difficult and uncertain unless there is a quick and clear financial advantage to the community claiming possession of the asset. This difficulty extends to even legitimate business interests based in the region. 7
9 Strategic Framework for Stabilisation In the context of the Niger Delta, stabilisation is envisaged as an integrated, holistic but targeted process of enabling Nigeria and the region to build mutual accountability and capacity to address and mitigate existing or emerging drivers of violent conflict, creating the conditions for improved governance and longer-term development. It is the role of the Presidential Amnesty Office to create the space in which other agencies can achieve this. Reducing fragility is at the core of stabilisation intervention measures. Its causes and characteristics are diverse with most descriptions focusing on the extent to which weak governments are unable or unwilling to deliver core services. Fragility failures provide stumbling blocks in the normal growth trajectories of countries especially ones emerging from war and can lead to conflict traps whereby the outbreak of fighting begets prolonged armed conflict by activating cycles of retaliation and vengeance, and by locking elites and commanders into a system where their surest profit comes from violence. The following approach has been adapted for the Niger Delta from strategic areas 5 outlined by the United Nations. Re-engagement of high-level government and stakeholders support for stabilisation: Successful stabilisation measures must be built on high-level government and stakeholder support for both the objectives of stabilisation and also the essential strategic component and the delivery modalities. Securing broad stakeholder input and concurrence are vital in the overall achievement of stabilisation in the region. Peace and stability must be owned by the people. The stakeholders and the government in the Niger Delta agree on the need for a clear development compact with a commitment for peace and stability in the region. This must include a joint-accountability framework. Development of complementary mechanisms to create an inclusive process for peace and stability in the region: The mechanism for the delivery of stabilisation measures should be all-inclusive and anchored within a broad stakeholder framework of decision-making. Economic and development issues are core in every stabilisation programme: The economic issues underlying armed conflicts and the belligerents motivation to fight are often overlooked in most stabilisation policies. They are usually relegated to the later stage of post-conflict reconstruction as largely technical or humanitarian matters, while political and military issues take centre stage. However, there is a growing recognition that such a neat separation between the political peace process, and economic or developmental is no longer conducive to brokering a lasting peace. Economic issues are associated with conflict economies, natural resources or socio-economic inequalities, and as such they are an intrinsic part of many armed conflicts. Reintegration of agitators. Stabilisation can only be maintained when conflict drivers for ex-combatants and restless youths are uprooted. A reintegration process needs to be planned to transform ex-agitators into functioning citizens with the ability to contribute to, and participate positively in political, economic and social life. 5 Better Protected? Stabilisation Strategies and the Protection of Civilians 25 March 2011, Geneva Roundtable Summary by UNHCR 8
10 Stakeholder Analysis Identifying and streaming critical stakeholders interest towards stabilisation is essential in sustaining peace and stability in the region Chart 1 below outlines the various actors in the Niger Delta and their interest and power to influence the level of security stabilisation and development in the region. The stakeholders in Quadrants 1 and 2 are most critical for maintaining security stabilisation and realising development for the region: Quadrant 2 stakeholders have high power and low interest in security stabilisation and development. This group of people, who benefit from the insecurity in the region, include some unscrupulous political elite, criminal elements, some at the states and local government levels, etc. There is need to ensure that any security stabilisation strategy for the region explores ways to reorient their interest and align their power behind the need for stability and development in the region. Quadrant 1 stakeholders have high power and high interest in security stabilisation and development. This group consists of the federal government, traditional rulers in the various communities in the region, and international development agencies working in the region Q2 High Power Reorient interest State and Local Governments Key players Q1 High Power High Interest 8 Resistance and Armed Groups Federal Government (Presidency) 7 Criminal elements Political Elites POWER 6 5 Regional Development Institutions Security Stabilization Institutions Other high risk population Traditional rulers & Community leaders International Development Partners International Oil Companies 4 NNPC/Ministry of Petroleum Resources 3 Civil Society Organizations Ordinary citizens Q3 Q4 Low Power Least important Keep informed Low Power Low High Interest Interest INTEREST Chart 1. Stakeholder map 9
11 INTEGRAL PARTS OF SECURITY AND STABILISATION IN THE NIGER DELTA POLICY RESPONSE ONE: Post-Niger Delta Amnesty INCREASED FOCUS ON VOCATIONAL TRAINING: CAPACITY AND TECHNICAL PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE AMNESTY OFFICE REINTEGRATION AND JOB SUPPORT CENTRES FOR EX-MILITANTS: POLICY RESPONSE TWO: Oil Theft and Illegal Oil Refining ESTABLISH A HOLISTIC STRATEGY FOR OIL THEFT SECURITY TRANSPORTATION PIPELINE VANDALISM AND ILLEGAL OIL REFINING POLICY RESPONSE THREE: Security at the Community Level COMMUNITY POLICING PROACTIVE AGAINST HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES N 10
12 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS POLICY RESPONSE 1: Post-Niger Delta Amnesty Programme The Amnesty Programme created the space for development and reintegration, but the process was not executed effectively and needs to be accelerated. Focus should shift to sustained assistance to highrisk population groups with emphasis on an inclusive strategy for job creation, job referrals and job placements. This can be complemented with enterprise development and grant support. Linking training programmes to employment opportunities remains critical for successful socio-economic reintegration of the ex-militants. 1.1 Increased Focus on Vocational Training The training programmes offered to ex- militants need to be linked to the existing or potential opportunities in the labour market Mapping of existing training institutions with analysis of capacity Mapping of economic opportunities in the region and absorption capacity Identification of key areas for new vocational training centres based on both needs assessment and potential e.g. a training centre for fish farming livelihoods in Bori Establish Federal-State-Private sector partnerships for linkages between vocational courses and entry into job opportunities. Strategy focused on entry-level apprenticeship schemes for participants to put skills learnt into practice while earning a small wage. 1.2 Reintegration and Job Support Centres for Ex-militants Centres across the region to provide support to ex-militants enrolled in the Amnesty Programme throughout the reintegration process Staff with mediators and key influencer teams trained to facilitate disputes locally and act as advisors in communities. Ex-militants enrolled on the scheme should be first appointments Form partnerships with local employers to advertise job opportunities free of charge, and develop a scheme to give bonuses to employers when they take on ex-militants Establish State-level headquarters to coordinate local offices, and work intimately with the Amnesty Office Use centres to house courses in key employability skills, such as ICT skills Ensure programme support is offered to a balanced ratio of participants, equally to ex-agitators and community members with support from other agencies and ministries. 11
13 1.3 Capacity and Technical Partnerships for the Amnesty Office The Presidency must lead a unified response by the Amnesty Committee, Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC), and Ministry of the Niger Delta to provide a strategic plan that will ensure the rapid delivery of infrastructure and training necessary to support the evolving economic landscape of the Niger Delta Oil companies should support government plans to support the future economies of the Niger Delta by focusing efforts on access to fuel and electricity across the region Civil society could identify actionable strategies along key value chains to support economic diversification in the Niger Delta and demand more from the money paid by the international oil companies to NDDC and others The international community should focus efforts on generating employment opportunities as alternatives to crude oil theft Provide public services and access to private goods and services 12
14 POLICY RESPONSE 2: Oil Theft and Illegal Oil Refining Crude oil theft and the illegal oil refining business it feeds, supports the families, small businesses and social aspirations of many Niger Delta communities. Residents in the communities described illegal oil refining as an entrepreneurial, free market response to local economic dysfunction, socioeconomic pressures and failure of government to provide basic services. As the communities living environment worsens due to pipeline vandalisation and oil spillage, incomes to fishing and farming families deteriorate as water sources are contaminated. Appropriate legislative and regulatory frameworks are essential in defining the status operation in this area. In communities, the feeling of anger and demand for attention motivates interruption of pipelines at the expense of their environment and livelihoods, with many addicted to easy money from surveillance and clean-up contracts. Others vandalise to survive in the absence of other employment choices ignoring the long-term impact to their local environment and health. The environmental impact is immense with an estimated 51,500 hectares devastated by oil spills in 2014 as a direct consequence of pipeline vandalism. An estimated $7-10 billion has been lost in oil revenue due to theft and vandalism 6.So far the government has focused more on interrupting production and sales of illegal refined products (diesel and kerosene) rather than on the main game of stopping the supply of stolen crude oil. The Nigerian government should articulate a more comprehensive strategy for dismantling the trade in stolen crude oil and address the factors driving people to engage with the trade. 2.1 Establish a Holistic Strategy for Oil Theft Framework that enables domestic actions on intercepting and securing transportation Demonstrate leadership in addressing the international dimension of oil theft by working with international government partners on international markets, banks, and shipping companies. 2.2 Security Introduce a more rigorous process of inspecting export and import cargoes at ports. Install meters on pipes and discharge tanks so that customs officers can make accurate records Implement a strategy to prosecute larger mother vessels used to tranship large amounts of stolen crude oil, and those involved in fuel subsidy fraud 2.3 Transportation Increase transparency and accountability of ships legally transporting Nigerian Oil Establish a certification standard for Nigerian crude oil to expose illegal cargoes leaving the country. Conduct regular spot checks on cargoes to ascertain source details are in line with production details Publish the list of lifting licenses issued and volumes lifted on a regular basis Fund a monitoring response to oil theft that can monitor perpetrators in real time 6 The Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI) painted a worrisome picture of the effects of oil theft on Nigerian economy, saying the nation has lost over 136 million barrels of crude oil estimated at $10.9 billion through pilfering and sabotage from 2009 to Chairman of the National Stakeholder Working Group (NSWG) of NEITI, Mr. Ledum Mitee, ThisDay Newspaper July 30,
15 2.3.5 Focus security efforts on the key choke points used for transporting illegal loads through the delta Increase prosecutions for those implicated in oil theft, and continue investigations beyond those found at pipelines and on vessels to expose those orchestrating the illegal economy. 2.4 Pipeline Vandalism and Illegal Oil Refining Explore success-based equity sharing relationships between communities and oil producers as an incentive to protect infrastructure Explore establishment of Community Development Foundations to receive a formalised channel of pipeline surveillance contracts, funds, and to be in charge of spending on development projects Facilitate a Niger Delta energy needs assessment to evaluate what infrastructure and legal product flows would be needed to ensure a sufficient supply of legal products to the region Remove tariffs on solar lanterns to allow citizens greater access to alternative and renewable solar products to light homes and businesses in a clean, low cost and sustainable manner Support decentralized and private sector-driven off-grid pilot projects to supply flared gas for power generation in rural communities to reduce community reliance on diesel generators and kerosene stoves. 14
16 POLICY RESPONSE 3: Security at the Community Level The government aimed to stabilise the security situation in the Niger Delta through an intensive presence of a military group the Joint Task Force (JTF) - with personnel drawn from the various branches of the military. However, their operations became ineffective with many communities perceiving them as an occupation force especially given their violations of human rights and other abuses. Allegations of complicity in oil theft by the JTF became rife in the region. The emphasis needs to be on reactivating the capacity of local communities to ensure effective policing of their communities. The measures include the use of a community warden system, and the adoption of traditional systems of justice adjudication using traditional organs of leadership. Drawing extensively from existing community structures for enforcing law and order at community levels strengthens the capacity for measures of local security policing. 3.2 Be Proactive Against Human Rights Abuses Enforce and empower agencies and legal institutions to remove the culture of impunity in Nigeria, especially in the Niger Delta, and collusion from state security services involved with vandal barons and sponsors Sign up to the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights to ensure government, companies and communities work together in maintaining the safety and security of their operations within an operating framework that encourages respect for human rights and recognise other priorities. 3.1 Community Policing Accelerate community arms collection initiatives to reduce profusion of arms across the region, alongside or after development interventions Mobilise local community youths for intelligence gathering regarding conflict critical hotspots Cultivate effective community-police relationship Promote grass-root recruitment into the police force through local level involvement 15
17 Collaborating Agencies/Organisations and Funding Federal and State Ministries and Departments: Ministry of Niger Delta Affairs; Ministry of Power, Works and Housing; Ministry of Budget and National Planning; Ministry of Education; National Agencies and Commissions: Niger Delta Amnesty Programme Office, Niger Delta Development Commission. Organised Private Sector: Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, International Oil Companies Domestic Oil Companies, Regional Electricity Distribution Companies International: International Government Support Domestic Third Sector: Civil Society Organisations, Technical Colleges, Youth Groups, Traditional Leaders The Ministry of Niger Delta Affairs should coordinate the planning and implementation stages of the initiatives to ensure efforts compliment other development initiatives outlined for the region. It will have to be supported by the Presidential Amnesty Programme. 16
Intelligence brief 19 March 2014
Intelligence brief 19 March 2014 Maritime insecurity in the Gulf of Guinea Summary 1. Maritime insecurity incorporates a range of criminal activities, including piracy, smuggling and illegal fishing. 2.
Youth labour market overview
1 Youth labour market overview With 1.35 billion people, China has the largest population in the world and a total working age population of 937 million. For historical and political reasons, full employment
Environmental grievances along the Extractive Industries Value Chain
Environment Programme Environmental grievances along the Extractive Industries Value Chain Dag Seierstad, UNEP Mismanagement of oil exploitation sparks civil uprising in Ogoniland, Nigeria Uprisings in
Action Fiche for Syria. 1. IDENTIFICATION Engaging Youth, phase II (ENPI/2011/ ) Total cost EU contribution: EUR 7,300,000
Action Fiche for Syria 1. IDENTIFICATION Title/Number Engaging Youth, phase II (ENPI/2011/276-801) Total cost EU contribution: EUR 7,300,000 Aid method / Method of implementation Project approach Joint
2016 NIGER DELTA DEVELOPMENT FORUM TOWARDS SELF SUSTAINING DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGER DELTA: NARRATING AND SHOWCASING A RE- IMAGINED NIGER DELTA.
SUMMARY REPORT 2016 NIGER DELTA DEVELOPMENT FORUM TOWARDS SELF SUSTAINING DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGER DELTA: NARRATING AND SHOWCASING A RE- IMAGINED NIGER DELTA. Wednesday October 19 Thursday, October 20,
A Road Map to a New Beginning and a new Nigeria
A Road Map to a New Beginning and a new Nigeria For those with ideas and for those who have vision, the world is a small global village. In modern time as this (a new millennium,) and in a new computerized
ACP-EU JOINT PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY. Abuja, Nigeria July Abuja Communiqué
ACP-EU JOINT PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY 19 July 2013 10 th REGIONAL MEETING (WEST AFRICA) OF THE ACP-EU JOINT PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY Abuja, Nigeria 17-19 July 2013 Abuja Communiqué Website of the ACP-EU Joint
New Directions for Social Policy towards socially sustainable development Key Messages By the Helsinki Global Social Policy Forum
New Directions for Social Policy towards socially sustainable development Key Messages By the Helsinki Global Social Policy Forum 4-5.11.2013 Comprehensive, socially oriented public policies are necessary
What is corruption? Corruption is the abuse of power for private gain (TI).
Outline presentation What is corruption? Corruption in the water sector Costs and impacts of corruption Corruption and human rights Drivers and incentives of corruption What is corruption? Corruption is
The Power of. Sri Lankans. For Peace, Justice and Equality
The Power of Sri Lankans For Peace, Justice and Equality OXFAM IN SRI LANKA STRATEGIC PLAN 2014 2019 The Power of Sri Lankans For Peace, Justice and Equality Contents OUR VISION: A PEACEFUL NATION FREE
Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights. Report for LITE-Africa (Nigeria) Calendar Year 2017
Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights Report for LITE-Africa (Nigeria) Calendar Year 2017 Submitted by LITE - AFRICA Joel Bisina Executive Director. January, 2018 Introduction This report is
Jordan partnership paper Conference document
Jordan partnership paper Conference document The present document was prepared for the Brussels II Conference. The document was jointly developed by the Government of Jordan, the EU and the United Nations.
E#IPU th IPU ASSEMBLY AND RELATED MEETINGS. Sustaining peace as a vehicle for achieving sustainable development. Geneva,
138 th IPU ASSEMBLY AND RELATED MEETINGS Geneva, 24 28.03.2018 Sustaining peace as a vehicle for achieving sustainable development Resolution adopted unanimously by the 138 th IPU Assembly (Geneva, 28
UNDP UNHCR Transitional Solutions Initiative (TSI) Joint Programme
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES UNDP UNHCR Transitional Solutions Initiative (TSI) Joint Programme DEVELOPMENT PARTNER BRIEF, NOVEMBER 2013 CONTEXT During
Gender, labour and a just transition towards environmentally sustainable economies and societies for all
Response to the UNFCCC Secretariat call for submission on: Views on possible elements of the gender action plan to be developed under the Lima work programme on gender Gender, labour and a just transition
Partnership+For+Peace,+Tackling+The+Threats+And+Raising+The+ Prospects$For$Justice$In$Rivers%State)
Advances)in)Social)Sciences)Research)Journal) )Vol.3,)No.1) Publication)Date:Jan.25,2016 DoI:10.14738/assrj.31.1792. Allen,'F.'(2016).'Partnership'for'Peace,'Tackling'the'Threats'and'Raising'the'Prospects'for'Justice'in'Rivers'State.)Advances)in)Social)
15-1. Provisional Record
International Labour Conference Provisional Record 105th Session, Geneva, May June 2016 15-1 Fifth item on the agenda: Decent work for peace, security and disaster resilience: Revision of the Employment
Mining Toolkit. In-Migration
Tool Child Rights and Mining Toolkit Children are the most vulnerable stakeholders regarding mining impacts, including the effects of project-related in-migration. As dependents of migrant mine workers,
THE ROLE OF NIGER DELTA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN BAYELSA STATE
THE ROLE OF NIGER DELTA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN BAYELSA STATE DUKE EBIKELA Department of Banking and Finance, School of Management Sciences, Federal Polytechnic,
ILO STRATEGY FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION, REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY OF THE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI-AFFECTED COUNTRIES IN ASIA
1 ILO STRATEGY FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION, REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY OF THE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI-AFFECTED COUNTRIES IN ASIA THE BACKGROUND The UN Secretary-General described the December 26, 2004 catastrophe
UNDP-Spain MDG Achievement Fund. Terms of Reference for Thematic Window on Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding
UNDP-Spain MDG Achievement Fund Terms of Reference for Thematic Window on Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding This document provides policy guidance to UN Country Teams applying for funding under the
From military peace to social justice? The Angolan peace process
Accord 15 International policy briefing paper From military peace to social justice? The Angolan peace process The Luena Memorandum of April 2002 brought a formal end to Angola s long-running civil war
RESPONDING TO RADICALISATION:
NIGERIA STABILITY AND RECONCILIATION PROGRAMME (NSRP) RESPONDING TO RADICALISATION: LESSONS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES AND THEIR RELEVANCE FOR NIGERIA PAGE A. INTRODUCTION 2 B. EIGHT LESSONS ABOUT CONFLICT AND
JOINT STRATEGY Stabilization through community-driven safety and socio-economic recovery in Somalia
JOINT STRATEGY Stabilization through community-driven safety and socio-economic recovery in Somalia 1. INTRODUCTION This strategic programmatic note, presented by the Danish Refugee Council (DRC) and the
Mr. President, On behalf of the Nigerian delegation, I wish to congratulate you on your election as President of the first Review Conference of the UN
PERMANENT MISSION OF NIGERIA TO THE UNITED NATIONS 828 SECOND AVENUE NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017» TEL. (212) 953-9130 -FAX (212) 69'7-1970 Please check against delivery STATEMENT BY AMBASSADOR SIMEON A. ADEKANYE
International Trade Union Confederation Statement to UNCTAD XIII
International Trade Union Confederation Statement to UNCTAD XIII Introduction 1. The current economic crisis has caused an unprecedented loss of jobs and livelihoods in a short period of time. The poorest
SOMALIA. Working environment. Planning figures. The context
SOMALIA Working environment The context Somalia is a failed state and remains one of themostinsecureplacesintheworld,with an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. Despite the election of a moderate, former
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 4.12.2017 COM(2017) 728 final COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Reporting on the follow-up to the EU Strategy towards the Eradication
Enhanced protection of Syrian refugee women, girls and boys against Sexual Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) Enhanced basic public services and economic
IPr1 IPr2 Enhanced protection of Syrian refugee women, girls and boys against Sexual Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) Enhanced basic public services and economic opportunities for Syrian refugees and host
CORRUPTION & POVERTY IN NIGERIA
CORRUPTION & POVERTY IN NIGERIA Finding the Linkages NIGERIA $509bn Africa Largest Economics $509bn - Nigeria is the largest economy in Africa with a revised GDP of $509bn as at 2013. (Africa) 26 Nigeria
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HYDROCARBON REVENUE CYCLING IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HYDROCARBON REVENUE CYCLING IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Richard Auty (Lancaster University) 1. Rent Cycling Theory and Growth Collapses 2. Initial Conditions Render T+T Vulnerable 3.
Inclusive growth and development founded on decent work for all
Inclusive growth and development founded on decent work for all Statement by Mr Guy Ryder, Director-General International Labour Organization International Monetary and Financial Committee Washington D.C.,
CONCORD s alternatives to five EU narratives on the EU-Africa Partnership
CONCORD s alternatives to five EU narratives on the EU-Africa Partnership September 2017 Ahead of the Africa-EU Summit CONCORD recommends that the future Africa-EU Partnership build a long-term strategy
The Global Compact on Refugees UNDP s Written Submission to the First Draft GCR (9 March) Draft Working Document March 2018
The Global Compact on Refugees UNDP s Written Submission to the First Draft GCR (9 March) Draft Working Document March 2018 Priorities to ensure that human development approaches are fully reflected in
INPUT OF THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS TO THE TENTH COORDINATION MEETING ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 1
UN/POP/MIG-10CM/2012/03 26 January 2012 TENTH COORDINATION MEETING ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Secretariat New York, 9-10 February
Abuja Action Statement. Reaffirmation of the Commitments of the Abuja Action Statement and their Implementation January, 2019 Abuja, Nigeria
UNHCR/Rahima Gambo Abuja Action Statement Reaffirmation of the Commitments of the Abuja Action Statement and their Implementation 28-29 January, 2019 Abuja, Nigeria Second Regional Protection Dialogue
2018 STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS KEY MESSAGES
2018 STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS President Cyril Ramaphosa delivered the State of the Nation Address (SoNA) to a joint sitting of the two houses of Parliament on Friday, 16 February 2017. The president
B. Resolution concerning employment and decent work for peace and resilience.
International Labour Conference Provisional Record 106th Session, Geneva, June 2017 13-1(Rev.) Date: Thursday, 15 June 2017 Fifth item on the agenda: Employment and decent work for peace and resilience:
Northern India Hotspot
Northern India Hotspot ANNUAL REPORT / FOR PERIOD 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER, 2015 The Northern India hotspot was launched in March 2014, building on past work supported by one of the Freedom Fund s founding
CALL FOR PROPOSALS. Strengthen capacity of youth led and youth-focused organizations on peacebuilding including mapping of activities in peacebuilding
CALL FOR PROPOSALS Strengthen capacity of youth led and youth-focused organizations on peacebuilding including mapping of activities in peacebuilding 1. BACKGROUND The UN system in Liberia, primarily the
COMMUNITY SAFETY AND SMALL ARMS IN SOMALILAND
COMMUNITY SAFETY AND SMALL ARMS IN SOMALILAND ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to interpret the findings from the Danish Demining Group (DDG) & the Small Arms Survey
Ogoni People. Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization UPR submission Nigeria September 2008 (4 th session)
(UNPO) Executive summary: Ogoni People, racial discrimination, minority rights, land rights, environmental protection, ILO convention 169, judicial inefficiency, language rights. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Entrepreneurship Empowerment and Gainful Employment: Panacea for Youth Restiveness in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria (Pp.
An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 5 (1), Serial No. 18, January, 2011 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) Entrepreneurship Empowerment and Gainful Employment: Panacea
UNDP s Response To The Crisis In Iraq
UNDP s Response To The Crisis In Iraq Background Iraq is currently facing one of the largest humanitarian crises in the world and a Level 3 emergency was declared for Iraq by the UN Emergency Relief Coordinator
Governing Body Geneva, March 2009
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GB.304/4 304th Session Governing Body Geneva, March 2009 FOURTH ITEM ON THE AGENDA Report on the High-level Tripartite Meeting on the Current Global Financial and Economic Crisis
Diversity of Cultural Expressions
Diversity of Cultural Expressions 2 CP Distribution: limited CE/09/2 CP/210/7 Paris, 30 March 2009 Original: French CONFERENCE OF PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF THE DIVERSITY
Finland's response
European Commission Directorate-General for Home Affairs Unit 3 - Police cooperation and relations with Europol and CEPOL B - 1049 Brussels Finland's response to European Commission's Public Consultation
KAMPALA DECLARATION ON REFUGEES
KAMPALA DECLARATION ON REFUGEES The President of the Republic of Uganda and the United Nations Secretary General, in collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, have brought together,
Oxfam believes the following principles should underpin social protection policy:
Oxfam International response to the concept note on the World Bank Social Protection and Labour Strategy 2012-2022; Building Resilience and Opportunity Background Social protection is a basic right for
Sweden s national commitments at the World Humanitarian Summit
Sweden s national commitments at the World Humanitarian Summit Margot Wallström Minister for Foreign Affairs S207283_Regeringskansliet_broschyr_A5_alt3.indd 1 Isabella Lövin Minister for International
IOM NIGER OVERVIEW NOVEMBER 2017 MIGRANT RESOURCE AND RESPONSE MECHANISM (MRRM)
IOM NIGER OVERVIEW NOVEMBER 2017 MIGRANT RESOURCE AND RESPONSE MECHANISM (MRRM) The Migrant Resource and Response Mechanism (MRRM) is a mechanism that provides direct assistance to migrants in transit
Corruption and sustainable development
Corruption and sustainable development Corruption poses a significant threat to countries around the world; it undermines democratic institutions, contributes to governmental instability and erodes trust.
Youth, Peace and Security: Social Policy and Conflict Prevention in Africa Concept Note
Youth, Peace and Security: Social Policy and Conflict Prevention in Africa 2018 2021 Concept Note I. Introduction Youth in Africa is often perceived as the main perpetrator of political violence, social
Peacebuilding Commission
United Nations Peacebuilding Commission Distr.: General 27 November 2007 Original: English Second session Burundi configuration Monitoring and Tracking Mechanism of the Strategic Framework for Peacebuilding
CHAPTER SEVEN. Conclusion and Recommendations
CHAPTER SEVEN Conclusion and Recommendations This research has presented the impacts of rural-urban migration on income and poverty of rural households taking the case study done in Shebedino district,
policy brief The Niger Delta amnesty: lessons four years on
policy brief The Niger Delta amnesty: lessons four years on www.nsrp-nigeria.org This brief examines the Niger Delta amnesty declared in June 2009, from the perspective of its achievements, limitations
Letter dated 20 December 2006 from the Chairman of the Peacebuilding Commission addressed to the President of the Security Council
United Nations S/2006/1050 Security Council Distr.: General 26 December 2006 Original: English Letter dated 20 December 2006 from the Chairman of the Peacebuilding Commission addressed to the President
2015: 26 and. For this. will feed. migrants. level. decades
INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION 2015: CONFERENCE ON MIGRANTS AND CITIES 26 and 27 October 2015 MIGRATION AND LOCAL PLANNING: ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PARTNERSHIPS Background Paper INTRODUCTION The
Search for Common Ground Rwanda
Search for Common Ground Rwanda Context of Intervention 2017 2021 Country Strategy In the 22 years following the genocide, Rwanda has seen impressive economic growth and a concerted effort from national
Open Session on the Nexus between Corruption and Conflict Resolution: The Importance of Promoting Good Economic Governance in Africa
AFRICAN UNION ADVISORY BOARD ON CORRUPTION CONSEIL CONSULTATIF DE L UNION AFRICAINE SUR LA CORRUPTION CONSELHO CONSULTIVO DA UNIÃO AFRICANA SOBRE CORRUPÇÃO P.O Box 6071, ARUSHA, TANZANIA -Tel: +255 27
Gender Dimensions of Operating in Complex Security Environments
Page1 Gender Dimensions of Operating in Complex Security Environments This morning I would like to kick start our discussions by focusing on these key areas 1. The context of operating in complex security
The Role of Local Government in Addressing the Impact of Syrian Refugees: Jordan Case Study
Middle East and North Africa Programme Workshop Summary The Role of Local Government in Addressing the Impact of Syrian Refugees: Jordan Case Study Amman, Jordan 2 3 June 2015 In partnership with the Identity
Boris Divjak Director of U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre (Bergen, Norway) Transparency International School on Integrity, Vilnius 07 July 2015
Petty Corruption Hitting hardest the poorest Boris Divjak Director of U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre (Bergen, Norway) Transparency International School on Integrity, Vilnius 07 July 2015 Corruption
Sustainable Tourism A catalyst for job creation and socio-economic development
Sustainable Tourism A catalyst for job creation and socio-economic development Lucie Servoz Technical Officer,Sectoral Polices Department, International Labour Office Sustainable tourism: driving force
Towards a Continental
Towards a Continental Results Framework on Women, Peace and Security in Africa Recommendations from the High-level Side Event to the 59TH SESSION OF THE COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN TUESDAY, 10 MARCH
A 3D Approach to Security and Development
A 3D Approach to Security and Development Robbert Gabriëlse Introduction There is an emerging consensus among policy makers and scholars on the need for a more integrated approach to security and development
EU-Afghanistan relations, factsheet
Bruxelles 29/11/2017-08:45 FACTSHEETS EU-Afghanistan relations, factsheet The European Union has a long-term partnership with Afghanistan. In close coordination with Afghanistan's international partners,
Input to the Secretary General s report on the Global Compact Migration
Input to the Secretary General s report on the Global Compact Migration Contribution by Felipe González Morales Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants Structure of the Global Compact; Migration
EU-EGYPT PARTNERSHIP PRIORITIES
EU-EGYPT PARTNERSHIP PRIORITIES 2017-2020 I. Introduction The general framework of the cooperation between the EU and Egypt is set by the Association Agreement which was signed in 2001 and entered into
Extraordinary Meeting of the Arab Regional Consultative Process on Migration and Refugee Affairs (ARCP)
League of Arab States General Secretariat Social Sector Refugees, Expatriates &Migration Affairs Dept. Extraordinary Meeting of the Arab Regional Consultative Process on Migration and Refugee Affairs (ARCP)
Strengthening Afghan Ownership
BMZ PAPER 03 2018 POSITION PAPER 1 Table of contents THE SITUATION IN AFGHANISTAN 3 THE FRAMEWORK OF OUR EFFORTS 4 SUPPORT AS AN INCENTIVE FOR REFORMS 5 AIM OF OUR EFFORTS AND INSTRUMENTS 6 PRIORITY AREAS
On Oil Exploration MBA IMRE ALUMNI EVENT November 11-14, 2010, KNUST
On Oil Exploration MBA IMRE ALUMNI EVENT November 11-14, 2010, KNUST Background The paper is not only applicable to oil and gas but major projects that are scoped in deprived communities as well. Eg, Mining,
Thematic Workshop on Migration for Development: a roadmap to achieving the SDGs April, 2018
Thematic Workshop on Migration for Development: a roadmap to achieving the SDGs 18-19 April, 2018 Mohammed Rabat VI Convention International Center Conference Mohammed Center VI, Skhirat, Morocco 1. Framing
Scotland s Vision for Social Enterprise 2025
Scotland s Vision for Social Enterprise 2025 Moving Social Enterprise in from the Margins to the Mainstream A Paper from CEIS, Community Enterprise, Firstport, HISEZ, InspirAlba, Senscot, Social Enterprise
RURAL POLICING STRATEGY
RURAL POLICING STRATEGY 2017-2020 1 2 Foreword from PCC TIM PASSMORE We all know Suffolk is a safe place in which to live, work, travel and invest. It s a large and very attractive rural county covering
Albanian National Strategy Countering Violent Extremism
Unofficial Translation Albanian National Strategy Countering Violent Extremism Fostering a secure environment based on respect for fundamental freedoms and values The Albanian nation is founded on democratic
PRETORIA DECLARATION FOR HABITAT III. Informal Settlements
PRETORIA DECLARATION FOR HABITAT III Informal Settlements PRETORIA 7-8 APRIL 2016 Host Partner Republic of South Africa Context Informal settlements are a global urban phenomenon. They exist in urban contexts
Consolidated Alliance
Consolidated Alliance Nigeria YOUTH EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMME THROUGH TOURISM SERVICE VALUE CHAIN 31ST AUGUST, 2015 August 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Project Summary...1 Background...2 Logical Framework...3 Purpose
The Impact of Decline in Oil Prices on the Middle Eastern Countries
The Impact of Decline in Oil Prices on the Middle Eastern Countries Dr. Shah Mehrabi Professor of Economics Montgomery College Senior Economic Consultant and Member of the Supreme Council of the Central
Questionnaire to Governments
Questionnaire to Governments The report of the 13 th Session of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues provides a number of recommendations within its mandated areas, some of which are addressed to
IOM APPEAL DR CONGO HUMANITARIAN CRISIS 1 JANUARY DECEMBER 2018 I PUBLISHED ON 11 DECEMBER 2017
IOM APPEAL DR CONGO HUMANITARIAN CRISIS 1 JANUARY 2018-31 DECEMBER 2018 I PUBLISHED ON 11 DECEMBER 2017 IOM-coordinated displacement site in Katsiru, North-Kivu. IOM DRC September 2017 (C. Jimbu) The humanitarian
Conference Report. I. Background
I. Background Conference Report Despite the fact that South South cooperation (SSC) has been into existence for the last several decades, it is only in the recent past that it has attracted huge attention
Country programme for Thailand ( )
Country programme for Thailand (2012-2016) Contents Page I. Situation analysis 2 II. Past cooperation and lessons learned.. 2 III. Proposed programme.. 3 IV. Programme management, monitoring and evaluation....
Report on towards BRICS Vision and Strategy and the BRICS Summit Fortaleza Declaration
Report on towards BRICS Vision and Strategy and the BRICS Summit Fortaleza Declaration Professor Olive Shisana, BA (SS), MA, Sc.D Chair of the South Africa BRICS Think Tank HSRC: 29 July 2014 Acknowledgements
SOCIAL PROTECTION IN AFRICA: A WAY FORWARD 1
SOCIAL PROTECTION IN AFRICA: A WAY FORWARD 1 Introduction This paper explores options for those engaged with social protection as donors, consultants, researchers and NGO workers, with the objective of
AFGHANISTAN S PRIVATE SECTOR. Status and ways forward REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY RICHARD GHIASY, JIAYI ZHOU AND HENRIK HALLGREN
AFGHANISTAN S PRIVATE SECTOR Status and ways forward RICHARD GHIASY, JIAYI ZHOU AND HENRIK HALLGREN REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY October 2015 Executive summary Afghanistan s economy has a complex mix of informal,
Economic and Social Council
United Nations E/RES/2013/42 Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 20 September 2013 Substantive session of 2013 Agenda item 14 (d) Resolution adopted by the Economic and Social Council on 25 July
GOALS 9 ISSUE AREAS. page 7. page 5. page 6. page 8. page 1 page 2. page 9
The Stable Seas Maritime Security Index is a first-of-its-kind effort to measure and map a range of threats to maritime governance and the capacity of nations to counter these threats. By bringing diverse
Security Trends Regarding Development in Nigeria, Myanmar and Egypt. The Global Congress on Travel Risk Management, October 1-2, 2012
Security Trends Regarding Development in Nigeria, Myanmar and Egypt The Global Congress on Travel Risk Management, October 1-2, 2012 Current Global Travel Risk Spots and Where They Will Be in the Near
T I P S H E E T DO NO HARM
DO NO HARM T I P S H E E T Key Messages 1. Development cooperation and humanitarian aid are part of the context in which they operate. Both types of assistance can have intended or unintended influence
Jeddah Roundtable: GCC Economic Diversification and EU- GCC trade
March 2015 Jeddah Roundtable: GCC Economic Diversification and EU- GCC trade 1. Roundtable Background The rationale GCC countries have adopted ambitious strategies that aim at refocusing their growth models
Global Unions Recommendations for 2017 Global Forum on Migration and Development Berlin, Germany
Global Unions Recommendations for 2017 Global Forum on Migration and Development Berlin, Germany Governance and the UN System The Global Compact on Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration is an important
FOR CHANGE CHRISTIAN AID SIERRA LEONE. Strategy
PARTNERSHIP FOR CHANGE CHRISTIAN AID SIERRA LEONE Strategy 2012 17 Christian Aid/Heidi Bradner Partnership for Change Christian Aid Sierra Leone Strategy 2012 17 We believe human action is responsible
68 th session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner s Programme (ExCom)
Federal Democratic Republic Of Ethiopia Administration for Refugee & Returnee Affairs (ARRA) 68 th session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner s Programme (ExCom) A Special Segment on the
MC/INF/293. Return Migration: Challenges and Opportunities. Original: English 10 November 2008 NINETY-SIXTH SESSION
Original: English 10 November 2008 INFORMATION INFORMACIÓN NINETY-SIXTH SESSION INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION 2008 Return Migration: Challenges and Opportunities Page 1 INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE ON
GUIDELINE 3: Empower migrants to help themselves, their families, and communities during and in the aftermath of crises
GUIDELINE 3: Empower migrants to help themselves, their families, and communities during and in the aftermath of crises In order to help themselves and others and to enjoy their rights, migrants need access
Afghanistan. Operational highlights. Persons of concern
Operational highlights Over 118,000 Afghan refugees returned home voluntarily with UNHCR assistance in 2010, double the 2009 figure. All received cash grants to support their initial reintegration. UNHCR
Oil Thieves Profile. Nigeria's booming illegal oil refineries* By Will Ross BBC News, Niger Delta
Oil Thieves Profile 1. After you have read the article please answer the questions. 2. As you read the article please keep the following guidelines in mind: * = symbol means the definition of the word
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
United Nations International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families Distr.: General 11 April 2014 Original: English CMW/C/PHL/CO/2 ADVANCE UNEDITED
Dirty Work: Shell s security spending in Nigeria and beyond
Dirty Work: Shell s security spending in Nigeria and beyond Recommendations While the recommendations below are ambitious in scope, their implementation is necessary to bring about substantial improvements