Behavior Political Engagement of Legislators

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Volume 118 No. 24 2018 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Behavior Political Engagement of Legislators Tatang Iman Sadewo a Sasmoko b,c Arnold Tindas, a.

1 Volume 118 No ISSN: (on-line version) url: Behavior Political Engagement of Legislators Tatang Iman Sadewo a Sasmoko b,c Arnold Tindas, a.b Jimmy Boaz Oentoro, a and Hengky Bonifacius Tompo d a Doctoral Progrmme, STT International Harvest, Tangerang, Indonesia b Research Interest Group in Educational Technology, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia c Faculty of Humaniora, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia d STT International Harvest, Tangerang, Indonesia Corresponding author *sasmoko@binus.edu March 26, 2018 Abstract Politics is a way to achieve a power, not for the interests of himself and his group but the power is aimed at the noble that is for the welfare of the people so that the unification of the soul of politicians in legislators is then called Political Engagement. This study attempts to examine the general public s assessment of the Political Engagement of legislators in Indonesia. Research method with Neuroresearch, a combined method between quantitative and qualitative research. The results of the study show 1) the general public s assessment of the legislators tends to be oriented only to self-interest and does not think about regional and national interests; 2) which most determines the realization of legislators throughout Indonesia who have the ability to influence the local community he leads as a unified whole of Indonesia within the framework of the Unitary State of the 1

2 Republic of Indonesia is the dimension Behavioral Engagement Key Words:Political Engagement, Neuroresearch. 1 Introduction Politics in Indonesia has been shaped by two major developments since First, there is a more democratic democracy after Indonesia has been controlled by the autocratic government for forty years. Secondly, Indonesia has begun a process of far-flung decentralization of political institutions and seeks to divert most of the political power to districts and municipalities. 1 Political play allows the behavior of candidates to influence the behavior of other candidates so as to be able to change political campaigns consistently and lead to misleading effects. 2 Getting into the world of politics became a way of reaching a power in Indonesia. By becoming members of legislators, they have a duty to represent the voice of the people and have the authority to take decisions and policies that play a major role for the advancement of life of the people of Indonesia. Therefore, not a few people are moved to occupy that position. 3 To become a member of the people s representatives in Indonesia then one of the requirements of the person is to be registered as a member of a party as stipulated in Law Number 8 Year But it is no secret that there are also some board members may take office due to having relatives already Reign first. In the DPR there are 13.8% (77 people out of 560) identified as having a network of kinship with the political elite. Of these, there were 53% of men (41 persons) and 47% women (36 people). 4 The status of officials and authority possesses various phenomena. Legislators who should purely represent and fight for the people have been exploited by various interests both personally and class. Politics is a way of reaching a power, not for the interests of himself and his group but the power is aimed at the noble that is to prosper the people. But the fact that politics in Indonesia is costly, therefore the political climate in Indonesia is represented through legislators are those who have a career from the business world into politics. There are symptoms that legislators are those who come from entrepreneurs and then career in political world. 2

3 Based on data obtained from Indonesia Corruption Watch data stated that legislators from 2014 to 2019 have members with 47.68% as entrepreneurs and 52.3% non-business. And Of 288 identifiable business entities, 11% or 32 companies have potential conflicts of direct interest with the position, authority and duties of the legislators concerned. This paradoxical phenomenon eventually caused many problems because of conflicts of interest, such as corruption and bribery cases. 5 6 The various political games that took place during the election process will affect legislators after being elected and this has become a feature of a political culture containing a mixture of attitudes and orientations and shaping political behavior. 7 Council members are often unable to fulfill their campaign promises to fight for the voice and welfare of the people. They are often busy maneuvering for their own personal and party needs. Conventional wisdom about political campaigns often leads to negative political campaigns with various consequences and disadvantages the political system. 8 The number of cases that legislators are doing various cases that violate the law, of course this is very apprehensive for the whole nation. In the case of the struggle of the legislators is to fight for the welfare of the people as a whole. Subject to this nationally, there is a disparity of the soul as a politician that should not happen. That is, legislators is actually not united with the soul of politicians and vice versa as a politician is not as legislators. The unity of politicians in legislators then called Political Engagement. Political engagement is not a condition that can contribute to political effectiveness but political engagement has an important role for politics. 9 The spike in economic disparities in various countries has negative implications for political engagement. This is because economic resources can be converted into political resources. 10 Dedicated council members, eager in their work to produce positive and influential work in the political arena are considered to have high levels of political engagement In the world of politics, verbal talent is also capable of influencing the level of political engagement as verbal talents are able to show more active behavior in political play. 14 This study attempts to examine the general public s assessment of: (a) how the tendency of Political Engagement of legislators in 3

4 Indonesia is in terms of its ability to influence that itself is fully bound and struggle not only in the interests of self and party but the focus To the interests of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, (b) which factors are most strongly determinant so that legislators throughout Indonesia engage with its role as a politician capable of giving influence that he is fully bound and struggle not just self-interest and party, But focus on the interests of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Political engagement is a concept capable of highlighting individual and institutional factors that influence political participation and opinion about the responsibilities and beliefs of the political system. 15 As a representative body of the people, the legislators has legislative, budgetary and supervisory functions implemented within the framework of people s representation and supports the government s efforts in implementing politics. 16 Political engagement leads to the concept of engagement, a concept that is characterized by the power, dedication and full involvement of a person to the profession and his work so that someone can be more creative, productive and willing to work extra. 11,17,18 Political engagement can be characterized by voting that allows citizens to express their general preference for one leader and often carries a particular interest charge. 14 Nationally, Disparities occur as a politician soul that should not happen. That is, legislators is actually not united with the soul of politicians and vice versa as a politician is not a legislators. The unity of politicians in legislators then called Political Engagement. The Political Engagement of a board member is one of the ways in which the person has honesty so as to be trustworthy, committed and has positive and constructive past experience in politics (Experience). 15 Political engagement is formed by behavioral engagement and attitudinal engagement. Behavioral engagement refers to political activities that take into account the existence of self-identification or the spirit of nationalism and the perception of discrimination that serves as a powerful tool in which politicization can occur. At- 4

5 titudinal engagement refers to a person s evaluation of the response and belief of a political system consisting of trust, commitment and experience in politics RESEARCH METHODS The result of the first research, previously the researcher determined 3 (three) categories of public assessment about the condition of Political engagement of legislators in Indonesia that is in his ability to give influence that he is fully bound and struggle not only selfinterest and party, but focus To the interests of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, namely: (a) legislators are oriented only to self-interest, (b) legislators sometimes struggle for national interests, and (c) legislators make national interest a priority The main and genuinely the spirit merges with himself as a legislators. Data analysis is done with confidence interval at significance level 5%, and produced lower and upper bound between 0,2051 until 0,2359. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the general public assessment of legislators as Indonesia tends to orient only to self-interest and do not think about regional and national interests significantly on α <0.05. The second result, done with 2 stages is by linear regression analysis of each dimension and then done further analysis with classification regression tree determined based on Prunning analysis with Depth of 2, parent 2 and child 1. The results of the first analysis, found that the most decisive achievement legislators in Indonesia that has the ability to influence the local community he leads as a unified whole of Indonesia within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is the dimension Behavioral Engagement (X1). The desired political behavior of Indonesian (behavioral engagement) legislators is crucial in shaping the political behavior of representatives of the people to think for the interests of the integrity of Indonesia that is equal to 95.1%. But if then legislators also have attitudes that reflect the Indonesian people (Attitudinal Engagement), then the good behavior is able to form 98.2% of political behavior that fight for the interests and wholeness of Indonesia. 5

6 Fig. 1. Behavioral Engagement (X1) is a Dimension Shaping 98.2% Realization of Political Engagement of legislators in Indonesia (Y) Information: Y = Political Engagement legislators In Indonesia X1 = Behavioral Engagement X2 = Attidutional Engagement The second analysis result, conducted with classification regression tree, found that the behavior of people s representatives who engage or behavioral engagement (X1) with Indonesian behavior was proven to contribute (0, , ,001) = 0,016 times from current condition. This condition can occur when many improvements are made through a minimum of 125 priority programs. Simply can be shown through the picture 2 below. Fig. 2. Behavioral Enagegement (X1) is the Decisive Dimension in Establishing Political Engagement of legislators in Indonesia (Y) 4 Conclusion Based on these results, it can be concluded that the assessment of the community (constituency of electoral districts) against legislators tends to be oriented only to self-interest and does not think 6

7 about regional and national interest significantly at α < 0,05. This condition indicates that political actors become the determinants of political culture image so as to shape political behavior with various impacts and consequences on the political system. 7,8 The political behavior of legislators is crucial to the formation of people s representatives who transmit nationalism. Priority programs that can be undertaken include establishing a National Management System (Sismenas) through its own legislative regulation including a political party management system that is not merely aimed at achieving power, but an Indonesian-oriented political party as a unitary state, national integrity, and Cadres that are selected both in attitude and behavior. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to appreciate STT International Harvest for the support to complete this paper. References [1] M. Buehler, Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs 41 (2007). [2] S. Callander, and S. Wilkie, Games and Economic Behavior, 60 (2007). [3] Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 Year, (2014). [4] ( [5] N. Riawati, 19 (2015). [6] T. Rinaldi, M. Purnomo, and D. Damayanti, May (2007). [7] R. J. Dalton, Political Studies, 56 (2008). [8] R. R. Lau, L. Sigelman, and I. B. Rovner, Journal of Politics, 69 (2007). [9] W. A. Galston, Annual review of political science, 4 (2001). [10] J. D. McCarthy, and M. N. Zald, American journal of sociology, 82 (1977). 7

8 [11] A. B. Bakker, and P. M. Bal, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83 (2010). [12] W. A. Kahn, The Academy of Management Journal VO, 33 (1990). [13]. W. B. Schaufeli, A. B. Bakker, and M. Salanova, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66 (2006). [14] D. S. Hillygus, Political Behavior, 27 (2005). [15] D. J. Schildkraut,. Political Behavior, 27 (2005). [16] Undang Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 (2014). [17] A. B. Bakker, and E. Demerouti, Career Development International, 13 (2008). [18] C. Q. Lu, Wang, H. Jiang, Lu, J. Jing, D. Du, and A. B. Bakker, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84 (2014). [19] F. Fios, Sasmoko, and A. A. Gea, Advanced Science Letters, 22 (2016). [20] Sasmoko, and D. Anggriyani, Research on Educational Studies (2016). [21] Sasmoko, & Y. Ying, Advanced Science Letters, 21 (2015). [22] D. D. Curtis, and P. Boman, International Education Journal, 8 (2007). [23] H. E. Goh, I. Marais, and Ireland Michael James. Assessment, (2015). [24] G. Karabatsos, Journal of Applied Measurement 2 (2001). [25] G. N. Masters, Psychometrika, 47 (1982). 8

Chapter I THE CONSTITUTION

Chapter I THE CONSTITUTION A. THE CONSTITUTION The legal basis of the Indonesian state is the 1945 Constitution was promulgated the day after the 17 August 1945 proclamation of independence. The Constitution