Pathfinder Civil Services Main Examination. Editor Dr. Divya S. Iyer

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2 Pathfinder Civil Services Main Examination Editor Dr. Divya S. Iyer

3 English Language Pathfinder-Civil Services Main Examination Self Help/ Career Guidance by Divya S. Iyer D C Books/Rights Reserved First Published August 2013 First E-book Edition November 2013 Cover Design Anish Uthimoodu Publishers irank An imprint of D C Books, Kottayam Kerala State, India website : info@dcbooks.com Although utmost care has been taken in the preparation of this book, neither the publishers nor the editors/compilers can accept any liability for any consequence arising from the information contained therein. The publisher will be grateful for any information, which will assist them in keeping future editions up to date. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN D C BOOKS - The first Indian Book Publishing House to get ISO Certification

4 Introduction Pathfinder is an effort to equip the aspirants to the Civil Services to navigate through the bewildering maze of the syllabus of the Main examination, particularly of the newly introduced General Studies papers. Prepared essentially for the NSS Academy of Civil Services (NACS) to give its faculty a framework for teaching the General Studies papers, the material is being made available widely in a spirit of sharing. It also provides a glimpse of the topics, which will be covered in the Main Examination course, which is currently under way at NACS. I hope that the aspirants will benefit from the book, whether they attend NACS classes or prepare by themselves, following the path suggested here. Our editor, Dr.Divya Iyer, with her recent experience of the examination, which secured for her a creditable position in the service, with very high marks in the personality test, has conceptualized, planned and composed a large part of this book. She has drawn up, in the order of priority, a list of the topics that must be covered under various sections of the syllabus and has contributed several articles on different aspects of the examination. This book is the fruit of her thoughtful initiative and relentless efforts. The other contributors to the book are also experts in their respective fields. The editor has acknowledged their contributions separately. For me, the establishment of NACS and its performance so far are a dream come true. Having had the benefit of serving in the Indian Foreign Service for 37 years, I felt that I should motivate and assist the young generation to compete for the Civil Services. Even after the advent of the vast opportunities in the private sector, the Civil Services still provide the most attractive opportunity to serve the cause of the people and to make a difference. The success in the Civil Services Examination truly transforms a person from an ordinary citizen to a privileged individual, destined to occupy the most important official positions in the Government in the centre and the states. Compared to politicians, who get elected for short terms, the civil servants run the Government for thirty years or more. The influence and authority of the Civil Services are, therefore, more durable as part of the "steel frame", which functions as the sentinel of democracy and good governance. For young, intelligent and patriotic Indians, the Civil Services offer the greatest opportunity and challenge. Equally important is the fact that the Civil Services examinations are transparent and efficient and impartially conducted by the Union Public Service Commission. They are so far untainted by charges of corruption, nepotism or discrimination. Equity and justice are the hallmark of the examination. This means that there should be no fear that merit will go unrecognized, regardless of the economic, social or political background of the aspirants. People from remote villages and Oxford and Cambridge graduates compete on a level playing field and get selected by the sheer dint of their abilities. Several reforms introduced in the last several years have helped to remove language and educational

5 inequities and increased the level of confidence people have in the credibility and integrity of the Civil Services examination. In other words, any young graduate can compete without any fear of unfair treatment. The purpose of the examination is to catch people with exceptional abilities young and to equip them for heavy responsibilities. Good education, diverse interests, broad reading, inquisitiveness, good judgment and commitment to integrity and ethical conduct are the kind of qualities for which the aspirants are tested. Since many of these qualities are developed in the cradle and remain till the grave, it is never too early to prepare for the examination. The personality that has developed in the first twenty years is the best asset for the aspirants and the rest are systematic study of the subjects offered and deep knowledge of the contemporary national and international scene. Good articulation of ideas in words and writing is of utmost importance and special attention will be given to reasoning and logic. The advantage in attending a good academy of Civil Services is that it provides opportunities for exchange of ideas, group discussions and collective thinking. Compared to the time that I took the examination successfully in 1966, the level of difficulty of the examination has increased. The preliminary examination, known as the aptitude test, designed to screen candidates for the Main Examination, has proved to be tricky because of its broad sweep and lack of clear guidelines of study. Some good candidates have met their Waterloo in the Preliminary Examination. The latest scheme for the Main Examination has further increased its width and depth. On the other hand, the extended age limit and the increase in possible chances for appearing in the examination have bestowed advantages, compared to earlier times. As a self-proclaimed evangelist of the Indian Foreign Service, I regret the diminishing interest of high rank holders in the Diplomatic Service. Part of the reason for this is the inadequate knowledge about the opportunities and challenges of the Foreign Service and exaggerated notions about its hazards. At a time when the profile of India is rising on the international firmament, our best young men and women should flock to the Foreign Service. At NACS, we intend to encourage the aspirants to consider a diplomatic career with full knowledge of its charms and challenges. I hope that the Pathfinder will be of immense value to its users. The eventual success will depend on the manner in which the material is used imaginatively. The aspirants should choose their own level of studies to suit the availability of time, the level of preparedness in the past and the capacity to delve deep into each subject. We at NACS will rejoice if the book is found helpful by anyone. This is a competition and our wish is only that the best should win. T.P. Sreenivasan

6 NACS The Pathfinder I am glad that the NSS Academy of Civil Services (NACS) has devised a strategy to tackle the Civil Services Main Examination and decided to share it with the aspirants all over India with the help of D C Books. Such a strategy is extremely important as the Main Examination this year is breaking new ground and there is a crying need for a publication of this kind to guide the aspirants. NACS has been in existence only for a year, but its team has already made a mark in the best traditions of N S S institutions, inspired by the vision and hard work of its founder, Mannath Padmanabhan. It is emerging as one of the premier Civil Service training institutions in India, with a visionary leadership, brilliant faculty and first-rate facilities. I am sure that its new venture to publish a volume for the benefit of aspirants far and wide will secure a prominent place for NACS among the best Civil Services Academies in India. I congratulate the NACS team and the other contributors to the book on this project and hope that the publication will be a major contribution to the preparations for the Civil Services Examinations in the future. G. Sukumaran Nair N S S General Secretary

7 Editor s Note We ourselves must walk the path. Buddha. Pathfinder is an instrument to help you walk the path, valiant and vehement to reach your target. Your winning spirit is our reward. Your victory will be our asset. We present to you a novel strategy to tackle the expansive set of exam papers at the Civil Service Main Exams. UPSC s introduction of a set of grand reforms in the Main Examination structure and syllabi this year (2013) has bewildered many in the aspirant community. Pathfinder is an attempt to throw some light on the revised syllabi of the Main Examination and aid the aspirant to navigate her/his way through the maze and tangle of the subjects and papers of the exam. The first step in your strategy for facing any examination remains indisputably the same. It is Understanding the Syllabus. Adhering to that, we provide you with a subject-wise classification of the various topics included in the four General Studies Papers in the Subjects in Syllabi section. This table will deconstruct the myth around many new topics and areas freshly introduced and help you grab the right resources. The crux of the book involves the Scheme of Study : an elaborate analysis and decoding of each of the sixty topics in the syllabi, stratified into three levels as per the degree of complexity involved. This by no means is a complete key to the General Studies Papers; however it does provide a platform for you to stand on, and a framework for you to hold on to before you start the race. The next section in the core of the book, Suggested Reading contains the list of books that are worth a read as you delve into the issues. I have omitted the run of the mill targets in the market, as I presume that you would have managed to lay hands on those books/guides/ photocopied material by now; and read them to shreds. Apart from the decipherment of the revised syllabi, Pathfinder also gives you cardinal points to consider while writing an essay, choosing an optional subject and facing the prestigious Personality Test in the UPSC. NACS is a young institution carrying with it the passion of youth and the promise of wisdom. Our Honorary Director, Amb.T.P.Sreenivasan, has been the beacon and bolster for the institution. But for his engaging thoughts and unfailing enthusiasm, Pathfinder would not have been a reality. Prof. N. Gangadharan Nair, Dr. Shaijumon and the entire faculty at NACS have lent their support and contributed generously in terms of hours and efforts in helping me bring forth this edition. It was a privilege to work on this book, with Sri. Mohammed Hanish, one of the most diligent IAS officers in the country whose zeal and zest for accomplishing good work is almost infectious. I place on record my deep-felt gratitude to them for their laudable contributions. I am grateful to Prof. K. Gopalakrishnan for stringing his pearls of wisdom into this garland. I also thank Sri. P.K.Hormis Tharakan and Dr. Alexander Jacob for the encouragement and inspiration that they provided. A special thanks to Prof. G. Gopakumar, Sri. V. Suresh, Dr. Lekshmi V. Nair, Prof. T.

8 Nandakumaran, Prof. L. Vijayan, Prof. Jagadish B. Nair, Shri. K.B. Jayaprakash, Prof. N.S. Syamaprasad, Prof. V. Karthikeyan Nair and Dr. Arun Surendran for their valuable suggestions and inputs. I hope that the bouquet of good wishes extended to each one of you from all the contributors of the book will add a degree of brightness to your days ahead. I urge you to use the model for studies given in the Pathfinder and form your own personal strategy to ensure that you finish the essential readings within the stipulated time and go on to supplement it with extramural reading and revision prior to the exam. I have always believed that the recipe for success is highly customized, though the ingredients for it may be the same. The Buddhist saying that I quoted at the start of this passage echoes similar sentiments. We must not only walk the path ourselves, but see to it that we reach the desired destination through our own unique, earnest and industrious ways that make us deserving and worthy of it. Winning by a lightning of luck is also a common happening in our midst; but as someone said, Luck is like the lift, hard-work is like the stairs. The lift might fail you, but the stairs will always take you to the top. Perseverance is the key to success. Sustained, systematic and sincere efforts put into smart hours of work will see you through. I would like it if you can share the knowledge and gyan you gain from this modest book, with the world through some means or the other. The spirit of sharing will not blunt the edge of competitiveness. The more light you spread, the more you receive from its reflection. When the path ignites a soul, there's no remaining in place. Sanai. So get, set, go! Enjoy the experience and trust Pathfinder to be a reliable companion for you in this journey. Best Wishes Dr. Divya S. Iyer

9 The Way to Civil Services APM Mohammed Hanish Civil servants ought to be game-changers in the present societal context. Encouraging and guiding enthusiastic aspirants to earn their meritorious entry into the Civil Services is a privilege. The tremendous dynamism and vivacity of the youth of our nation needs to be channelled to progressive activities that contribute to the building of the nation. Civil Services provide a steady platform for committed officers to offer their services in a wide arena and cater to the needs of a vast population. The profession assumes more significance today than ever before as the effective way to fight for equity in a society plagued by inequities. Though a civil servant has to battle with various forces of vested interests, the gratification one experiences in having won a virtuous and righteous battle is ennobling. The will and independence to speak your mind and follow your conscience is the only weapon that an officer needs to be armed with, to accomplish it. It is a little known fact that the best of contributions in the Civil Services has been made silently in splendid isolations. The right aptitude for the services doesn t emerge merely out of a victory bagged in the UPSC examination. It has to be bred in you through the experiences that life offers you and the lessons you imbibe from them. The recent reforms effected in the structure and syllabi of the Civil Services Main examination, has raised new hopes in this arena by the introduction of a new paper on Ethics, integrity and Aptitude in the General Studies section. As Aristotle said, Excellence is never an accident. It is always the result of high intention, sincere effort, and intelligent execution; it represents the wise choice of many alternatives choice, not chance, determines your destiny. The Civil Services examination is a test of your conviction, aspirations and perseverance. An intelligent mind, informed choices and industrious nature are prerequisites for success. The approach to dealing with the Civil Services examination needs to have a relook in the wake of the Civil Services Aptitude Test introduced in 2011 and the renewed structure and syllabi in the Civil Service Main Exams in The Civil Services Aptitude Test comprising General Studies, Aptitude, Reasoning, etc. for 200 marks each entails broader reading of the basic text books that include the NCERT ones, wider coverage of current affairs and astute skills of analysis. The second paper on aptitude ensures that graduates from all disciplines are equally poised to face the exam on a level-playing field, if only they have the right bent of mind and keen powers of observation and reasoning. The earlier system of conceding an edge to those candidates who had perfected their optional subjects alone no longer exists and that is a welcome change. The year 2013 saw in continuity with that, larger volumes of the change spreading into the Main Examination. Though faced with objections from various corners, the major chunk of the proposed reforms has been translated into action, which has proved to be a turning point in the history of UPSC. This ensures that the balance amongst students from diverse academic streams level playing field has been extended

10 to the Main examination as well. The drastic reversal of proportion of marks for the General Studies and Optional Subject papers is the key to this enablement. The past has witnessed grievances of many a Civil Service aspirant who lost their rightful due of marks on the scorecard due to a low-scoring or tough optional paper which denied them the entry. The other end of the spectrum saw a relatively less prepared aspirant with low scores in the General Studies papers making his way through the written exams on the wings of the marks gained in two high-scoring optional subjects. The new set of reforms is a panacea to such aberrations and justifiable sense of injury nursed by aspirants who couldn t make it through the exam. The expansion of the scope of General Studies is yet another welcome change, as this serves to whet the appetite of diverse sections of students from various backgrounds to display their competence. There is sufficient representation of all the areas of contemporary relevance to our country and the world at large, in the new syllabi. This will require considerable escalation of efforts from the part of the candidates to collate knowledge and assimilate information under various subjects, in a systematic fashion. The four General Studies papers along with the essay paper cover the whole gamut of topics of common application to mankind. The best way to approach it would be to break the task into parts that can be savoured upon within a structural framework. This book provides you with that much needed structure and layers for your study. A wide ambit of reading is called for to come out with flying colours in these exams. Besides that, there are certain key strategies that one needs to adopt during the preparation phase. Sitting with the open books or skimming through numerous pages does not amount to effective reading. Purposive reading is what delivers without fail. Reading has to be followed by reflecting upon what has been read. These two processes will give rise to original thoughts which will in turn impart originality to your answers in the exam papers. The process of Read-Reflect-Think-Write needs to be practiced continually. Authentic text books gain prime importance in matters related to modern Indian history, economics, national security, environment, etc. It is not advisable to go by ad hoc compilations of notes or guides available in the market, to begin with. They may be of use for a quick revision towards the end, once the strong foundation of knowledge has been laid using standard books. The revision process will be of great benefit if you have your own little handwritten pocket notes that were made during your period of study. Special attention has to be paid to hone the craft of writing; as you will have 1250 marks to write on spontaneously in the exam, in generic issues and possibly unanticipated topics. Only writing can help you write better. When you write, ensure that your work is precise, succinct and relevant to the question. There is no room for erroneous facts or figures. The statistical data and numerical data have to be authentic and should be at your finger-tips. Equally important as writing skills, if not more, are communication skills as you move on to the next stage in the Civil Service examination

11 process: the personality test. Sincere, spontaneous and structured answers are sure to take you through the personality test. Clarity of thought, brevity of expression, logical sequencing of ideas, the breadth and depth of reading as reflected in the answers are the key to success in the Civil Service exam. Best wishes for a bright and proactive future. Welcome to the Civil Services!

12 Take Charge of the Change Divya S. Iyer In 1964, a few weeks before he breathed his last, Nehru moaned I could not change the administration, it is still a colonial administration ; which was echoed a couple of years later by his daughter and the Iron Lady of Indian Politics, Indira Gandhi when she said What India needs today, is a revolution in the administrative system, without which no enduring change could be brought about in any field. This is probably one of the few issues that bring together the Indian body politic beyond partisan peeves and parochial stances; as is evidenced by the fact that more than six hundred committees/commissions have looked into various aspects of public administration in India. Despite it all, we still don t have an answer to the ills that ail the steel frame of the country, the bureaucracy. As early as 1854, Macaulay opined thus, on the Indian Civil Services It is undoubtedly desirable that the civil servants of the Company should have received the best, the most finished education that the native country affords. This assertion was averred when the entry into the ICS was made purely based on merit from But it took many a year till 1922, when the first Indian Civil Service Exam was held in India; and the practice follows ever since. After Independence, Indian government created the All India Services (AIS) toeing the lines of the ICS. The key objectives of creating the AIS as stated in the Act of 1951 are as follows: *Preserving national unity and integrity and uniform standards of administration *Neutrality and Objectivity non-political, secular and nonsectarian outlook *Competence, efficiency and professionalism at entry by attracting the best and brightest and throughout the career *Integrity *Idealism The Union Public Service Commission serves as the apex body to carry out the recruitment and training programme of the civil servants in India. The examination held by the UPSC to recruit young bright men and women into the Civil Services has undergone considerable changes over a period of time. Those which created a major impact on the exam structure as well as the students, can be summarized as follows: (Fig 1) 1956 Mudaliar * University degree to be the minimum qualification for recruitment into the higher services ARC I * Recruitment to the IAS/IFS and other non-technical Class I services should be made only through a single competitive examination.

13 1976 Kothari *Two stage process; a preliminary exam followed by a Main Examination Satish * Compulsory Essay Paper in Main Exam Chandra Alagh CSER * Favoured testing the candidates in a common subject rather than on optional subjects. * Merger of the Essay paper with the compulsory language papers Hota * Aptitude & leadership tests to be introduced in the selection process > 2004 Hota * Committee may be constituted to decide on the structure and syllabi of the compulsory papers for both, the Preliminary and Main Examinations ARC II * Committee may be constituted to decide on the structure and syllabi of the compulsory papers for both, the Preliminary and Main Examinations Khanna * CSAT introduced Nigavekar * Submitted recommendations for structural reforms in Civil Services Main Exam * Civil Services Main Exam Reforms Introduced Fig 1. Major Reforms in the structure of recruitment exams into the Civil Services since Independence The newest of them continues to stir up some vertigo for the aspirants who are about to take the examination this year. If one were to believe rumor mills, it has ground out data that over a lakh students have opted out of taking the preliminary exam this year when compared to numbers from the last few years. This defection is obviously attributed to the apprehension and anticipation revolving around the revised syllabus and structure

14 of the Civil Services Main Exam Pathfinder hopes to be a guiding light for those aspirants who write the exam in 2013 and the forthcoming years. Before venturing into what to study, how to study and where to study from, let us take a look at the changes that have found a place in the revised syllabus. The revision was mainly an attempt to homogenize the palate of the exam and provide a level-playing field for all the aspirants; whatever be their background- science or humanities, rural or urban. However the efforts to negate the regional bias that emanates from opting for writing the exam in the medium of regional language or its literature as an optional subject, was thwarted by the iron fist of some parliamentarians in protest. Hence parts of the original reforms had to be rolled back. Thus the onus now rests upon the General Studies papers, the content of which has been made expansive, and the weightage almost doubled. Another important feature of the reforms is the elimination of one optional subject. Those aspirants who could get away with sweating out on two relatively well-scoring optional subjects, discarding general awareness can no longer have a cakewalk. Neither can those coaching institutions that thrive upon expertise in optional subjects alone. One optional subject has been retained; I guess for the sake of continuity and rid the reforms of unwarned abruptness. So, here we are, picking up pebbles of the reforms on our path to the goal post. The total marks and the division of it, thereby have been altered to accommodate the new papers and prevent undue advantage to those who score sky-high in the optional papers alone. As per the earlier format, out of the 2000 marks for the written exam, (300x2) + (300x2)= 1200 marks were to be scored in the optional paper. General Studies comprising two papers would amount to 600 marks; and essay writing to 200 marks. Thus optional subjects had the lion s share (60%) of credit in high scoring candidates. According to the new format, the importance of General Studies papers has been hiked up to 1000 marks (four papers of 250 marks each) out of the total 1750 in the written test. One optional subject comprising of two papers for 250 marks each (28%) rank the next in order. The essay paper for 250 marks makes up the rest. The qualifying papers in English and a regional language have been retained. The personality test marks were assessed against a maximum of 300 till last year; and now on it will be for an unwieldy 275 marks. However, this does not mean that the weightage of the personality test has been lessened. It has simply transitioned from a 13.04% (300 out of 2300) to 13.25% (275 out of 2075). Thus even if the grand total does not sound grand and rounded enough, the break-up of the marks seems to result in a perfect symphony. The most notable of all the aspects in this reform is that the General Studies papers have been given an absolute face-lift. Now we have four papers in place of two, 1000 in place of 600 and plenty of new topics to attend to. The syllabus instead of being vague and mysterious has been made elaborate. Thus in place of a handful of topics, we now

15 have sixty solid topics and many more sub-topics to deal with; the demystification of w h i c h follows in the following pages. Some areas, which were not adequately represented in the previous years, have risen to prominence now: examples being food and agriculture, security and extremism, urbanization, infrastructure etc. A few areas like Public health, pharmaceuticals etc which were mentioned earlier, now remain implicit in the new syllabus. The most remarkable of all the steps has been the introduction of an entirely new paper in the General Studies section; GS-IV on Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude. A critical understanding of the study and applications of ethics is crucial for ensuring good governance. For civil servants, it is only natural that integrity is the quintessential quality. Aptitude assessment seems to be an extension of the CSAT paper. This EIA paper is unconventional, for sure. But it becomes even more interesting to note that students will be tested using the case study approach and problem solving approach to various issues. So here is hoping that all the Civil Service aspirants will have a great time preparing for this paper in an analytical fashion in situational contexts; imbibing nuggets of wisdom to apply in their daily lives too. On the whole, I would give three cheers to the revised syllabus for the Civil Services Main Exam. Coupled with the renewed CSAT pattern for the preliminary examination; this probably forms a great platform for aspiring young civil servants to showcase their proficiency and passion in equal measure. There is always room for improvement; but change is inevitable for progress in any system. So the earlier we adapt ourselves to it, the better it is. To sum it up, William James advice sounds perfect: To change one s life: 1. Start immediately. 2. Do it flamboyantly. 3. No exceptions.

16 Scheme and Subjects for the Main Examination as Published by UPSC Main Examination- SCHEME The written examination will consist of the following papers: Qualifying Papers 1. Paper-A 300 Marks (One of the Indian Languages to be selected from those included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution) 2. Paper-B 300 Marks English Papers to be counted for merit 1. Paper-I 250 Marks Essay 2. Paper-II 250 Marks General Studies I (Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society) 3. Paper-III 250 Marks General Studies II (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations) 4. Paper-IV 250 Marks General Studies III (Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, Disaster Management) 5. Paper-V 250 Marks General Studies IV (Ethics, Integrity, Aptitude) 6. Paper-VI 250 Marks Optional Subject Paper 1 7. Paper-VII 250 Marks Optional Subject Paper 2 Sub Total 1750 Marks Written test

17 275 Marks Personality Test Grand Total 2025 Marks

18 Main Examination- SYLLABI The main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory. The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers (Paper II to Paper V) will be such that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without a n y specialized study. The questions will be such as to test a candidate s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidate s basic understanding of all relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers. The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the examination is broadly of the honours degree level i.e. a level higher than the bachelors degree and lower than the masters degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and Law, the level corresponds to the bachelors degree. Syllabi of the papers included in the scheme of Civil Services (Main) Examination are given as follows: Qualifying Papers On Indian Languages And English The aim of the paper is to test the candidates ability to read and understand serious discursive prose, and to express his ideas clearly and correctly, in English and Indian Language concerned. In English the pattern of questions would be broadly as follows: (i) Comprehension of given passages (ii) Précis Writing (iii) Usage and Vocabulary (iv) Short Essay Indian Languages: (i) Comprehension of given passages. (ii) Précis Writing (iii) Usage and Vocabulary (iv) Short Essay (v) Translation from English to the Indian language and vice-versa Note 1: The Papers on Indian Languages and English will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and will be of qualifying nature only. The marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking. Note 2 : The candidates will have to answer the English and Indian Languages papers in English and the respective Indian language (except where translation is involved). PAPER I Essay Candidates will be required to write an essay on a specific topic. The choice of subjects

19 will be given. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression. PAPER II General Studies-I Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society *Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. *Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the presentsignificant events, personalities, issues. *The Freedom Struggle -its various stages and important contributors/ contributions from different parts of the country. *Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country. *History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc. their forms and effect on the society. *Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India. *Role of women and women s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies. *Effects of globalization on Indian society. *Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism. *Salient features of world s physical geography. *Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India). *Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes. PAPER III General Studies-II Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations *Indian Constitution-historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure *Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein *Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and

20 institutions *Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries *Parliament and State Legislatures -structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these *Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity *Salient features of the Representation of People s Act *Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies *Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies *Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation *Development processes and the development industry the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders *Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections *Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources *Issues relating to poverty and hunger *Important aspects of governance, transparency a n d accountability, e-governanceapplications, models, successes,limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures *Role of Civil Services in a democracy *India and its neighborhood-relations *Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India s interests *Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India s interests, Indian diaspora *Important International institutions, agencies and fora their structure, mandate PAPER IV General Studies-III Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management *Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment *Inclusive growth and issues arising from it *Government Budgeting

21 *Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers *Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing *Food processing and related industries in India-scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management *Land reforms in India *Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth *Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc *Investment models *Science and Technology-developments and their applications and effects in everyday life *Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology *Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights *Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment *Disaster and disaster management *Linkages between development and spread of extremism *Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security *Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; moneylaundering and its prevention *Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism *Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate PAPER V General Studies-IV Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude This paper will include questions to test the candidates attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered: *Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships. Human

22 Values lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values *Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion *Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and nonpartisanship, objectivity,dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections *Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance *Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world *Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance. *Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utili zation of public funds, challenges of corruption *Case Studies on above issues PAPER VI & PAPER VII Optional Subject Papers I & II Candidate may choose any optional subject from amongst the List of Optional Subjects given below: Group-1 (i) Agriculture (ii) Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science (iii) Anthropology (iv) Botany (v) Chemistry (vi) Civil Engineering (vii) Commerce and Accountancy (viii) Economics (ix) Electrical Engineering (x) Geography (xi) Geology (xii) History (xiii) Law (xiv) Management

23 (xv) Mathematics (xvi) Mechanical Engineering (xvii) Medical Science (xviii) Philosophy (xix) Physics (xx) Political Science and International Relations (xxi) Psychology (xxii) Public Administration (xxiii) Sociology (xxiv) Statistics (xxv) Zoology Group-2 Literature of any one of the following languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, English

24 Main Examination: General Studies The core section of this book is divided into three. The first table titled Subjects in the Syllabi helps the student to identify the various topics enumerated in the General Studies papers and classify them under known subjects so that it becomes easier for them to spot the right resources. The Scheme of Study which follows it is an elaborate attempt to highlight the various issues/areas to be covered under each of the sixty topics included in the syllabi. Here, the areas are placed in a three-fold hierarchy in the order of their importance and complexity, as per various subject experts as well as their frequency of appearance in prior CSM examinations. Need to Know, Good to Know and Great to Know is how we have listed them. Though this may appear as an exhaustive list to some, this is by no means a complete list; as the possibility of a stray topic outside this frame creeping into the question paper still stays alive. However, factoring in the truth that no aspirant can ever be fully prepared or have studied everything before the Civil Services exam, this scheme would help you gain some insights into the syllabus and hopefully entry into the services. Use this scheme as the foundation for your preparation and carefully build upon it as per your reason and resources. The third section gives a suggested reading list comprising of study books and reference books. We have not listed the usual suspects hitting the Civil Services book market places in Delhi and elsewhere, presuming that you would have already snagged them by now. The nature of the books prescribed here would definitely add a different flavor to your answers and provide you with that much needed winning edge. Apart from the standard books listed, do not forget to scan through the websites of government ministries and documents released by them, highlights of the relevant reports of the various committees and commissions constituted in the recent past, landmark government publications etc. Scour the internet and identify Civil Services blogs/ current affairs websites etc, choose the one s you find interesting and follow them regularly. Follow atleast two newspapers and a monthly magazine, apart from watching infontaining news programmes/debates/discussions on the television. A generous dose of extra-mural reading is suggested to complete the winning strategy. The key to high scores in the written exam is indeed writing what you know in a concise, content-rich fashion. As you tread along the path drawn here, it would be awesome if you could make concise notes. This would serve double duty; as excellent material for a quick revision before the exam and a practice canvas for your exam paper. Tread the path, use your discretion, sow seeds of hard work and reap harvest aplenty.

25 GENERAL STUDIES

26 Subjects in the Syllabi This section provides a bird s eye view of the variety of subjects included in the syllabi, given under 60 topics

27 GS Sl.No Topic Subject Paper Indian Culture salient aspects of Art forms, literature & architecture from ancient to modern times Modern Indian History from about the middle of the 18th century until the present significant events, personalities, issues Freedom Struggle its various stages & important contributors/ contributions from different parts of the country Post Independence consolidation & reorganization within the country History of the World include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World Wars, re-drawl of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc; their forms & effect on the society Indian Society salient features & diversity of India Role of women & womens organizations Population & associated issues Poverty & developmental issues Urbanization problems & remedies Indian Heritage & Culture World History Sociology Effects of Globalization on Indian Society Social Empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism Salient features of World Physical Geography World Geography Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia & Indian subcontinent); factors responsible for location of primary, sec World Geography

28 11 and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world, India Indian Geography 12 Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic activity, cyclone etc. geographical features and location; changes in critical geographical features ( incl water-bodies & icecaps), flora & fauna and effects of such changes Geology II 13 Indian Constitution Historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provision & basic structure Functions & Responsibilities of the Union & the states, Issues & challenges pertaining to the federal structure, evolution of powers and finances upto local levels and challenges there in Separation of powers between various organs, dispute redressal mechanisms & institutions Constitution Of India And Indian Polity. 16 Comparison of Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries 17 Parliament & State legislatures; structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these Structure, Organization & Functioning of the executive, judiciary, ministries &departments of the government, pressure groups, formal& informal associations and their role in the polity Salient features of the Representation of the People s Act Constitution of India and Indian Polity

29 Appointment to various constitutional posts, powers, functions & responsibilities of various constitutional bodies Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies Government Policies and Intervention for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation Development Processes and the development industry role of NGOs,SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders Developmental Studies. 24 Welfare schemes for Vulnerable sections of the population by the centre and states, and the performance of these schemes, mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for the protection & betterment of these vulnerable sections Developmental Studies Issues relating to development & management of social sector/ services relating to: 25 Health Education Human Resources 26 Issues relating to poverty & hunger (covered in Paper I) Important aspects of governance, transparency & accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations and potential, Citizen Charters, institutional and other measusre Role of Civil Services in a democracy Governance

30 29 India and its neighbourhood relations Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and public/ affecting India s interests Effects of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India s interests. Indian Diaspora International Relations. Important International institutions, 32 agencies and fora; their structure and mandate International Affairs III Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth & development and Employment Inclusive Growth and issues arising from it Indian Economy 35 Government budgeting Indian Economy 36 Major Crops, Cropping patterns in various parts of the country, Different types of Irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints, e-technology in the aid of farmers Agricultural Science Issues related to direct and indirect Farm Subsidies, Minimum Support Prices,

31 Public Distribution System, objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping 37 Food and Agriculture Issues related to buffer stock and Food Security Technology Missions, Economics of Animal Rearing 38 Food Processing and related industries in India, scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management 39 Land reforms in India Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in Industrial Policy, effects on industrial growth Infrastructure; energy, ports, roads, airports, railways etc Infrastructure and Industrial Sector 42 Investment Models S&T Developments and applications, effects in everyday lives Acheivements of Indians in S&T, indigenisation of technology and developing new technology Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nanotechnology, Biotechnology and issues relating to Intellectual Property Rights Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment Science & Technology Environment

32 47 Disaster & Disaster Management Disaster Management 48 Linkages between development and spread of extremism Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, Basics of cyber security National Security Internal Security.. 51 Money laundering and its prevention IV 54 Security Challenges and their management in border areas, linkages of organized crimes with terrorism Various security forces and their agencies and their mandate Ethics and Human Interface, Essence, Determinants and Consequences of Ethics in Human Action, Dimensions of ethics, Ethics in Private and Public relationships Human Values lessons National Security Internal Security Ethics

33 54a from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators, Role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values Contribution of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the World Attitude content, structure, function, its influence and relation with thought and behavior, moral and political attitudes, social influence and persuasion Philosophy 57 Aptitude and foun dational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections Psychology. 58 Emotional Intelligence, Concepts and their utilities, application in administration and governance 59 Public Civil Service values and ethics in Public administration; status and problems, ethical concerns and dilemmas in govt. and private institutions, laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance, Public accountability and ethical Administration governance, ethical and moral values in governance, ethical issues in international relations and funding, corporate governance Probity in Governance, concept of public service, philosophical basis of governance and probity, information sharing and transparency in governance, right to information, codes of

34 60 ethics, codes of conducts, citizen charter, work culture, quality of public service delivery, utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption Practical Study 61 Case studies on above issues

35 GENERAL STUDIES

36 Scheme of Study

37 SCHEME OF STUDY

38 Paper I GENERAL STUDIES Paper I is comprised of 12 broad topics under the subjects History, Sociology and Geography.

39 1. Indian Culture Salient aspects of art forms, literature & architecture from ancient to modern times EED TO KNOW Art Forms *Paintings in Early India, Cave paintings-ajantha, Ellora and Bagh caves *Regional paintings-bundi School, Pahari School, Tanjore painting *Painting during the Mughal period. Characteristic features of Mughal painting and Mughal manuscripts *Distinguished painters, modern trends in Indian painting *Indian Music, variations between different schools of Indian Music such as Hindustani, Carnatic, folk, tribal music and instruments *Classical dances; their features and regional relevance, Folk dances Architecture *Architectural styles in ancient India including temple architecture Nagara, Vesara and Dravida *Mauryan Art and Architecture Ashoka Pillar *Sculpture during the Gupta age Iron pillar of Delhi *Indo-Muslim art and architecture under the Delhi Sultanate *Architecture during the Mughal period Humayun s tomb to the Taj *Regional Styles of Architecture, differences in architectural styles based on religion Gujarat, Malwa, Bahmini, Vijayanagara Literature *Vedic literature Vedas, Brahmanas, Bhagavada, Upanishads, Aranyakas etc Sangam literature- Akananooru, Purananooru *Literature under the Gupta rulers *Scientific literature in Ancient India- Charaka, Susrutha, Aryabhata etc. GOOD TO KNOW *Buddhist influence on early Indian Paintings *Influence of Hindu Mythology on Indian Paintings *Influence of foreign rule on Indian styles and important Indian architectural masterpiece *Contribution of emperors during the Mughal era to art and architecture, esp Jahangir, Shahjahan etc *Details about certain masterpieces such as Quwathul Islam Masjid, Qutb Minar etc *Influence of foreign rule on Indian styles and important Indian architectural masterpieces *Coins, metallurgy and development of tools, weapons and technology *Development of literature during the medieval period Bhakti movement and poets *Modern Indian literature and impact of the West

40 GOOD TO KNOW *Rabindranath Tagore, Raja Ravi Varma and other artists of significance in Indian History *Creative expressions during the Indian National Freedom Struggle *Bengali school of painting, Bombay school of artists, Nandalal Bose, M.F.Hussain, R.K.Laxman and other significant artists of our times *Freedom of Expression in India today for creative artists and authors as viewed through the eyes of a historic nation steeped in cultural and artistic heritage *Indian artists and works who have won a global following for themselves, eg: The Orbit of London Olympics *Indian Cinema and contemporary art forms as a reflection of the cultural heritage of India 2. Modern Indian History from about the middle of the 18th century until the present significant events, personalities, issues EED TO KNOW *Decline of Mughal empire and establishment of British rule in India *Mughal empire after Aurangazeb, Battle of Plassey and Battle of Buxor *Relations of the company with local leaders and rulers such as the Anglo-Maratha relations, Anglo-Sikh relations, Wars between them *Company as a political power between 1820 and 1858 *Landmark acts and reforms enacted by the British, esp by Lord Bentick, Lord Dalhousie, et al *The Age of Indian Renaissance; notable social reformers and their contribution Ram Mohan Roy, Dayanand Saraswati, Pandita Rama Bhai *Various commissions, landmark documents, treaties, pacts, conferences 1900 to 1947 Pathfinder 56 *The Nehruvian era and the impact India left on the international scenario *Indira Gandhi as a radical leader, Nationalisation of Banks, Turmoils of Emergency Periods GREAT TO KNOW *Establishment of other foreign powers in India during the same period and their retreat *Effect of the British economic, administrative, social, political and cultural policies on the psyche of the Indian populace- Macaulay s minutes, abolition of Sati, introduction of railways and telegraphs *Wars fought and wars prevented, nuclear testing and arms treaties *Influential personalities in modern India including writers, artists, spiritual heads, political leaders 1850 to 2000 *Turn of events as India entered the 21st century: social, political and economic GREAT TO KNOW *Legacy and remnants of colonialism as evident in today s India

41 *Social fabric of the country in the recent past *Communal disharmony and riots viewed as a continuation of history of conflict and repression *Economic history and recourse in India s panorama 3. Freedom Struggle its various stages & important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country NEED TO KNOW * Resistance to colonial rule in the form of mutinies, tribal uprisings, peasant revolts, social movements etc leading to the National struggle for Independence Munda uprising, Mappila rebellion, uprisings in the North-east, Rampa rebellion. *The 1857 revolt India s first war of Independence. *The Indian National Congress and its various phases of political growth- moderate vs hardline, Gokhale and Tilak *The Gandhian Era: Khilafat, Non Cooperation, Civil Disobedience etc, his unique methods of protest, and mass mobilization *Quit India Movement in detail *Militant Nationalism Bhagat Singh, Azad, Surya Sen GOOD TO KNOW *The World Wars and British India *Role of women in freedom struggle Sarojini Naidu, Annie Beasant, et al *The Partition and its deadly consequences- communal riots, Direct Action, Noakhali *Lives of significant personalities in the freedom struggle GREAT TO KNOW *Impact of India s freedom struggle on other colonialised countries across the globe *Relevance of Gandhian ideas in today s world *Birth of Pakistan and Bangladesh as independent countries of the sub-continent; and India s role in it *Compare and Contrast the methods and ideologies wielded by various significant personalities in the freedom movement 4. Post Independence consolidation & reorganization within the country NEED TO KNOW *Immediate challenges of territorial and administrative integration of princely states, their accession of and linguistic re-organization of states *The process of consolidation and reorganization, the leaders who played the key role in it- Patel and Menon *State Reorganization Committees and their recommendations GOOD TO KNOW *Problem states like Hyderabad, Junagad, Kashmir as case studies

42 *Role of Razakars, regional leaders in the struggle for autonomy *Analyse the process and its consequences intertwining it with the festering dispute between India and its neighbours Pakistan/ Srilanka GREAT TO KNOW *Secessionist tendencies as a tail of the unfinished history Telengana, Bodoland, Harit Pradesh, Tamil Elam, etc *Continuing challenges of preserving unity and fostering diversity in India 5.History of the World include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World Wars, re-drawl of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc; their forms & effect on the society NEED TO KNOW The Age of Industrial Revolution *Inventions in astronomy and physics Copernicus, Galileo and Newton *Scientific revolution development of tools watermill, steam engine, development of transport railway, steam boats and ships, iron bridges *Industrial Revolution and its spread across the globe *Agriculture revolution Mechanization of agriculture, Agro-industry, Rotation of crops, Hybridization, Animal Husbandry. Political revolution and Political Philosophies *Intellectual Revolution and birth of reason, rationalism and newer ideologies *French Revolution end of Absolutism and birth of Liberalism *Major political revolutions in Europe till 1848 *Democratic experiments in Britain and other nations in Europe *Socialism, Scientific Socialism and other types of Socialism *Capitalism, Colonialism and Imperialism *Russian Revolution emergence of an alternative mode of production NEP Planned Economy World Wars and Beyond *First World War and its conclusion; failure of the League to prevent another War *Fascism in Italy, Nazism in Germany, Falangalism in Spain, Japanese Fascism *Fascism vs Democracy and Socialism, Spanish Civil War *Second World War and end of the war, formation of the UNO *Imperialist contradictions, international crises and World Wars Use and abuse of scientific inventions *Containment of Communism cold war Alliances and military pacts Nonalignment Third World *Disintegration of Soviet Union and socialist bloc Unipolar world End of history and ideology GATT replaced by WTO and GATS

43 *Onslaught on sovereign state and concept of Global Village world system analysis Economic Changes *Economic Depression of 1929 Liaise faire State monopoly Keynesianism *Development of economic theories, labour theory of value, surplus value, Liaise faire, Working class Movement, Chartist Movement *Economic revolution that set the stage for political revolution and lasted beyond *Crisis of imperialism, emergence of Multi National Corporations (MNC) and financial institutions IMF, World Bank, GATT *Liberal market economy and Globalization *Electronic media, computerization of society, decentralization of production and politics transition from industrial society to information society Colonization and Decolonization *Liberation struggles in the colonies in Asia and Africa *Colonial exploitation of resources and its effect on the progress of these nations *Decolonization: reasons and impact *Expansion of socialism- China, Vietnam, Korea, and Cuba *Indian experience as a British colony and its struggle for Independence GOOD TO KNOW he Age of Industrialisation *The Papacy and the Roman Catholic Church *The Age of Renaissance and Reformation *The Ottoman Empire and growth of Islamism in the Western World *Political and Economic Effects of Reformation Colonization and Decolonization *The Anglo-Saxon World *The European World hegemony *Economic benefits and exploitation in the setting of colonialism *Piracy and illicit trade in settlements *Remnants of colonialism in today s world Political Philosophies *Karl Marx and his important works *Secular theories of State *Socialism and Communism as existing in today s world World Wars and beyond *Adolf Hitler, Bennito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchil, Franklin Roosevelt, Bernard Montgomery, Douglas Macarthur *Rise of the allied powers and axis powers *The Phoney War, Japanese invasion of China, The Winter War

44 *Blitzkreig, Dunkirk, the U-boat war, Secret War, Operation Barbarrosa *Pearl harbor attack, The Holocaust, Torch Landings, The Battle of Kursk GREAT TO KNOW *Lutheranism, Calvinism and Church reforms *Architects of the Age of Reason *Renowned Historians who brought about a change in the way history was viewed: from meta narratives to people s history *History of the Arab Nations and West Asia *Historical roots of disputed regions like Israel-Palestine, India-Pakistan, South China sea region etc 6. Indian Society salient features & diversity of India NEED TO KNOW *Evolution of the Indian societal structure from historical times *Important features of Indian society in ancient, medieval and modern times *Acceptance of non-native races and religions into the subcontinent *The structure and composition of Indian society: villages, towns, cities; rural-urban linkages; tribes; weaker section, dalits, women and minorities, population profile and related issues *Cultural and ethnic diversity: historically-embedded diversities in respect of language, caste, religious beliefs and practices and cultural patterns. *Basic institutions of Indian society: caste, kinship, family, marriage, religion; caste and class; changing dimensions. *Simple and Complex Societies GOOD TO KNOW *Textual and field view, interface between the present and the past *Caste as a tool for stratification *Religion and its ramifications in India *Rural-urban divides and linkages in Indian society *Rise of the Indian middle-class and its role in India s future *Role of the State in Modern Societies GREAT TO KNOW *Social Structures, Social Stratification, Social Demography, Social Deviance, Social Roles and Functions, Social Movements *Convergence and integration: the sharing of material traits, cultural space, language a n d regional ethos; the evolution of composite cultural legacy; change and transformation in Indian society; nation-building and national identity. *Celebrating diversity and pluralism of India in the era of globalization 7. a) Role of women & women s organizations

45 NEED TO KNOW *Status of women as revealed by Indian mythology and historical sources *The changing status of women in India Pre-colonial, colonial and Post-colonial *Demographic profile the gender gap (census, NSSO) *Alternative conceptions of gender caste and gender; class and gender *The role of the state and the NGOs in gender balance *Economy: marginalisation of women and sexual division of labour *Polity: reservations for women *Religion and Culture: Women s nature; women as repositories of cultural practices and traditions; marriage, dowry and property *Personal Laws and Civil Code: Hindu code Bill, Syrian Christian law, Muslim Personal Law, Customary Law,Tribal women *Womens Movements Orgin, Growth and Development *Education of the girl child *Gender sensitization in schools and educational institutions *Violence against women and measures to prevent them *Sexual exploitation of women and safety of women GOOD TO KNOW *Role of women in Indian freedom struggle *Women achievers, authors, social reformers and their contributions *Urbanisation and women empowerment *National Commission of Women and its activities *Self-help groups and financial empowerment of women *Women s helpline and women s police station- have they helped? GREAT TO KNOW *Justice J.S.Verma committee report *Feminism and its origins in the west *Indian view on feminism *Incidents of contemporary relevance affecting women s security in the nation 7. b) Population & associated issues NEED TO KNOW *Census in India and relevant findings of Census 2011 *Concepts and measurement of population trends in the world and in India population pyramid of India *Social implications of age and sex in India *Population planning and control, family and reproductive health *Population Policy of the Government of India A critical appraisal Problems of implementing growth control measures, causes for success and failures

46 GOOD TO KNOW *Population features of South Asian societies *Demographic Dividend in India *Depopulation as a problem, Merits and demerits of depopulation GREAT TO KNOW *Social dimensions of population education Population as an issue in a plural society *Comparative study of the last and the current Census figures, with special attention to EAG states, women and children *International trends and results in population growth and measures to control. c) Urbanization Problems & Remedies NEED TO KNOW *Urbanization in India: emerging trends, factors, causes and consequences *Sociological dimensions of urbanisation, Social consequences of urbanization *Industrial urban-base, its growth and special features, Industry centered developments *Distinctive characterisation of urban society, caste, family, ritual structures, women *Urban development issues: Housing, Waste Disposal, Employment, Crime, Environmental problems, Transport, *Shortage of Power, Poverty, Slum Development *Urban socio-economic development programmes and schemes in India GOOD TO KNOW *Changing occupational structure, and its impact on social stratification, labour market and technology, Production relations, economy, structural integration and differentiation *Rural and urban migration; factors responsible, trends and projection *PURA- Provision of Urban amenities to Rural Areas *Role of Civil Society in making the transition smoother GREAT TO KNOW *Power, caste and class: changing dimensions *Local governance of urban communities- issues and perspectives *Innovative solutions for the urban dwellers, Importance of city/town planning and infrastructure development. Effects of Globalization on Indian Society NEED TO KNOW *The historical and social context of globalization World capitalism, modernization and globalization *Distinctive characteristics of globalization, the role of information and communication technology *Advantages and disadvantages of globalization *Opening up of Indian economy to LPG reforms: causes and consequences

47 *Globalization and the Indian experience: political, developmental, cultural effects *Social consequences of globalization, Differential perception of globalization *Economic impact of globalization Impact on individual and group identities GOOD TO KNOW * Political economy of globalization Agencies of globalization: Multinational corporations (MNCs), nation-state, media, market, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), international agencies (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, etc) *Globalization and cultural integration *Impact of globalization on poverty and unemployment *Women and children in the globalized era: harmed or helped? GREAT TO KNOW *The ethos of globalization (unbridled freedom, individualism, consumerism) *Environmental conservation, climate change and globalization *Globalization and the resurgence of ethnic consciousness: global tourism, Diaspora communities, transnational ethnic and religious movements, religious fundamentalism *Globalization and public policy *Anti-globalization arguments 9. Social Empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism NEED TO KNOW Social Empowerment *Concept of social empowerment, social justice and social transformation *Problems of women, children, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, other backward classes, ethnic minorities, the marginalized and disadvantaged, physically disabled in the population Communalism *Communalism; a historical perspective in India, partition *Sociological concepts and theories of communalism *Communal violence, occurrence of riots and its impact on the country s progress *Role of police and state agencies in containing communal violence Regionalism *Regional disparities and cries for development *Ethnic clashes and conflicts *Secessionist tendencies, formation of smaller states and its repercussions *Federalism and regionalism Secularism *Secularism as defined by the founding fathers of Indian Constitution *Distinctiveness of Indian Secularism *Challenges faced by the nation to keep the thread of secularism alive today

48 GOOD TO KNOW *Social Defence, Social Policy *Victims of alcoholism and substance abuse *Senior Citizens Welfare in India *Crime, delinquency and juvenile homes *Problems and welfare of the youth and adolescent age group *Movements (governmental and non-governmental) to bring about social empowerment *Education and social empowerment *Religious fundamentalism and communalism on the rise in the modern world *Combating communalism using globalization as a tool *Regionalism and Jingoism in India *Secularism and Pluralism in India GREAT TO KNOW *Role of families and relationships in social empowerment and justice *Commitments in the twelfth five year plan for social empowerment *Commissions and bodies instituted for achieving social justice and empowerment *Communalism and human rights in India *Resources and territorial demarcation *Regionalism adversely affecting exports and global trade 10. Salient features of World Physical Geography NEED TO KNOW eomorphology *The earth as viewed as a planet in the solar system *Movements of the planet earth *Composition of the earth and its various layers *Land forms and their importance *Plate tectonics and theories in geomorphology *Soil and its characteristics in various geographical zones *Time zones of the world *Dynamic processes (internal and external forces) shaping the earth Climatology *Composition of the atmosphere and its layers *Seasons across the globe *Air temperature, global warming and green house effect *Precipitation, humidity thunder and allied phenomena *Global local winds and pressure belts *Weather systems and latitudinal changes

49 *Characteristics of Climatic Types in various regions of the world Oceanography *Oceans of the world *Hydrological cycles *Ocean basin, ocean currents, ocean tides, ocean deposits *Marine biodiversity, coral reefs and their conservation World Regional Geography *Continents and their location, distinctive features and prominent land masses in each continent *Superlatives in geography of the world GOOD TO KNOW *Paleomagnetism *Air pollution and air quality *Mining and oceans *Major Drainage systems *Biodiversity, Vegetation and Climate Change *Human Life and Physical Geography *Global Warming and Climate Change *Effect of climate change on monsoons in India GREAT TO KNOW *Maps and cartography *Global Positioning System *Geographical impacts of urbanization *Benefits of space technology in the study of geography and geospatial analysis 1.Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia & Indian subcontinent); factors responsible for location of primary, sec and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world,india NEED TO KNOW Key Natural Resources *Concept of Natural Resource as a distributable good *Physical distribution of a resource vs economic value of the resource *Water Resources: Marine, Groundwater, freshwater, surface water sources and management *Energy Resources: Conventional sources like Coal, Petroleum, Lignite, Peat, Natural Gas, Shale Gas etc. Multipurpose power projects, Nuclear power plant, Thermal Power, Tidal power, Wind power, Solar power, Biofuels, Energy generation from waste products *Mineral Resources: Occurrence of minerals metallic ( Iron ore, Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Lead, Bauxite, Tungsten, etc) and non-metallic ( Diamond, Gypsum, Limestone, Mica,

50 Silicon, etc), Rare earth elements, Radio-active elements in India and South Asia *Land Resources: Types of land, cultivability of land, fertility of soil, climatic conditions, irrigation facilities, optimal utilization of land resources *Animal Resources: Livestock, fisheries, poultry, sericulture etc Location of Industries *Geographical factors : Availabilty of natural resource that can used as a raw material, Technology to turn the resource to an asset with value, Power to utilize the technology, Human resources in the area who can function as labour to run the process, Infrastructure such as road/rail and connectivity, Transport facilities, Storage and warehousing, Marketing region, Other geographical concerns such as characteristics of the land and soil, climate, precipitation, water resources, vulnerability to natural disasters etc *Non-geographical factors: Capital investment, Availability of loans from financial institutions, Market conditions and investment climate of the country, governmental policies of control/regulation of market, Industrial policies, Availability of skilled labour, Employee welfare schemes, Insurance, Organizational efficiency, Influence of Pressure Groups *Classification of Industries based on: Process, Ownership, Labour strength, Products manufactured, Source of raw material etc GOOD TO KNOW *Distribution of natural resources and concept of distributive justice *Natural resources and ecological space *Governance of natural resources *Sustainable Development *River water linkage and related issues *Environmental impact of dams and multi-purpose power projects *Green Revolution, White revolution, Blue revolution, Golden revolution, Rainbow revolution etc *Policies and Acts enacted by Government of India for regulation/deregulation of Industries in the country GREAT TO KNOW *Distribution of natural resources and ethnic clashes/civil wars *Global Natural Resource Redistribution Principle *Bio-geography *Outsourcing in Industries *Industries and environmental degradation; transfer of burden, carbon credit trading *Indian Industries doing flourishing business outside India *Technology Transfers across the globe and industries in the modern world 12.Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic activity, cyclone etc. geographical features and location; changes in critical

51 geographical features ( incl waterbodies & icecaps), flora & fauna and effects of such changes NEED TO KNOW *Geophysical Phenomena: Definition, occurrence, risk assessment, vulnerability of a location, differentiate between a hazard and a disaster *Earthquakes: Definition, Seismicity of a region, Predictability of occurrence, Scales of measurement of seismicity, Seismic waves and their effects, Geological process by which an earthquake occurs, Major earthquakes in the history of humanity, seismic zones in India and the world, recent devastating earthquakes *Tsunami: Understanding the phenomenon called tsunami, Origin of a Tsunami, Tidal waves, Effects on the marine flora and fauna, The Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004, Disastrous Tsunamis in the past, Early warning mechanisms for Tsunami, Measures to reduce devastation in the event of a Tsunami *Volcanic Activity: Major volcanic belts and volcanic landforms on the surface of the earth, the process of volcanic eruption, chemical composition of the lava and the molten material that escapes the volcano on eruption, Stratovolcanos and Shielded Volcanos, Dormant and Active volcanos in and around India and South Asia, Predictability of a volcanic eruption *Landslides: Definition of land subsidence, Landslides, Occurrence in particular geographical areas, Human activities trigerring off a landslide, climatic conditions that effect a landslide, soil types and vegetation patterns in landslide prone areas, methods to prevent a landslide or contain the consequences of one. *Cyclone: Definition of Tropical Cyclones, Areas of occurrence, origin of a cyclone, seasonal occurrence and frequency, Hurricane formation, Life and passage of a Cyclone, effects on marine life, Locating and avoiding the storm centre of a cyclone, Named cyclones/storms/hurricanes/tornados in the recent past. GOOD TO KNOW *Paleomagnetism and geophysical phenomena *Risk Reduction and Mitigation measures *Disaster management *Building Codes to ensure immunity from disasters *Cyclones and maritime safety measures GREAT TO KNOW *Geographical information Systems *Techonology utilized in early warning systems to predict a natural hazard *Remote sensing satellites and geophysical phenomena *Geothermal Power *Nuclear power plants and occurrence of geophysical phenomena.

52 Paper II GENERAL STUDIES Paper II is comprised of 20 broad topics under the subjects Polity, Constitution of India, Governance, Developmental Studies and International Relations

53 3.Indian Constitution Historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provision & basic structure NEED TO KNOW Historical underpinnings *Indian Constitution Act 1909, Government of India Act 1935 *Cripps mission, Cabinet mission, Mountbatten plan, Indian Independence Act 1947 Evolution *Sources from which the Constitution of India was drawn *Constituent Assembly of India, Drafting committee, Adoption of the constitution Features *Details of the chapters, schedules, articles in the constitution *Preamble to the Constitution Significant Provisions *Citizenship, Territory *Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy *Writ Petitions *Schedules in the Constitution G Emergency Provisions Amendments *Amendment of the Constitution: Different Methods, Ar-368 *Important Amendments 18th, 24th, 42nd, 44th, 52nd, 61st, 73rd,74th, 86th, 91st, 97th etc Basic Structure *Basic structure theory Evolution of the concept through a series of Supreme Court Judgments as in the Kesavananda Bharati Case, Minerva Mill case etc *Features pointed out by various judges to constitute the basic structure of the constitution GOOD TO KNOW *The Preamble and Fundamental Duties by heart *Significant Article numbers such as citizenship, fundamental rights, amendments, election provisions, money bill, finance commission, UPSC etc *To be able to identify which subject falls under which list: Union/State/Concurrent *Special status of Jammu and Kashmir GREAT TO KNOW *National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution Report by Justice M.N. Venkatachaliah *Landmark judgements delivered by the Supreme Court in cases pertaining to Constitution of India 14. Functions & Responsibilities of the Union & the states, Issues & challenges pertaining to the federal structure, evolution of powers and finances upto local

54 levels and challenges there in NEED TO KNOW *Constitutional division of power between the Centre and the States *Legislature, Executive and Judicial functions Central Government and State Government *Centre-State Administrative, Legislative and Financial relations *Emergency powers and Residual powers *Provisions relating to Panchayati Raj Institutions and powers bestowed upon them *Financial allocation to PRIs and their functioning *Power to impose taxation and financial resources of PRIs *Finance Commission: constitution, functions GOOD TO KNOW *Cooperative federalism *Inter-state Council, National Planning Commission, NDC *Role of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India *Panchayat Finance Commission *Social Audit, role of Gram Sabha GREAT TO KNOW *Reports of Sarkaria Commission, Punchhi Commission, Administrative Reforms Commission on Centre State Relations *73 rd and 74 th Amendment Acts in detail 1 5. Separation of powers between various organs, dispute redressal mechanisms & institutions NEED TO KNOW *Article 50 of Indian Constitution *Relationship between Legislature, Executive and Judiciary *Independence of judiciary and Judicial review *Right to Information Act 2005 *Office of the Chief Information Commissioner and effectiveness GOOD TO KNOW *Judicial activism and Public Interest Litigation *Whistle Blower Protection *Role of Civil Society in grievance redressal *Delegated Legislation *Administrative adjudication, Administrative tribunal GREAT TO KNOW *Theory of Separation of Powers by Montesquieu in Spirit of Laws

55 *Comparison with organs of the state in other countries 16.Comparison of Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries NEED TO KNOW Compare and contrast constitutions of India with that of notable countries such as USA, UK, France, Switzerland, Japan, Canada, Australia and China *UK: Constitutional Monarchy+ Parliamentary system of government *USA: Liberal Democracy + Presidential form of Government *France: Parliamentary and Presidential system of Government *Switzerland: Plural Executive Devices of Direct democracy *Japan: Parliamentary System of Government *Canada: Constitutional Monarchy + Quasi federal state *Australia: Commonwealth + Federal state *Peoples Republic of China: Single Party System + Democratic Centralism GOOD TO KNOW *Consider the following features of each country while comparing the constitutions: *Type of Government *Type of Election *Powers of the Head of the State *Powers of the Parliament *Separation of Powers *Roles of the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary *Federalism or Centralism *Amendment features *Effectiveness of the working of the Constitution till date GREAT TO KNOW *Identify and tabulate all the countries with their respective constitutional schemes. However we presume that it would be sufficient to examine in detail, the constitutional schemes of the aforesaid countries. *Distinctive features of the constitutions of other countries, if any that could be tried or adopted in India: eg- Right to Recall 17.Parliament & State legislatures; structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these NEED TO KNOW *Union Parliament: Constitution *Composition, functions and powers of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) *Composition, functions and powers of the House of the People (Lok Sabha) *Election to the two houses of the Parliament: territorial constituencies for Lok Sabha and Proportional Representation for the Rajya Sabha

56 *Duration and Sessions of both the Houses *Joint Sessions of Parliament *Qualifications/ Disqualifications for membership to Parliament *Powers, privileges, salaries, immunities of the Members *Office of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Chairman of the Rajya Sabha: Powers and Duties *Legislative procedure: Ordinary Bills, Money Bills, Financial Bills, Bills for Constitutional Amendment *State Legislatures: Structure, functions and powers *Bicameral and Unicameral State Legislatures *Qualifications/disqualifications, Privileges of the Members to the State Legislature *Comparison between Union and State Legislature GOOD TO KNOW *Consolidated Fund of India *Contingency Fund of India *Committee on Estimates *Committee on Public Accounts *Other Parliamentary Committees *Governor s Power of Veto and Ordinance making power as compared to that of the President of India GREAT TO KNOW *How to resolve a deadlock between the two houses *Legislative control over Executive *Empowered Group of Ministers *MPLADS scheme *The State Legislature of Jammu & Kashmir *Administration of Union Territories 18.Structure, Organization & Functioning of the executive, judiciary, ministries & departments of the government, pressure groups, formal & informal associations and their role in the polity NEED TO KNOW *The Prime Minister and the Prime Minister s office: Organisational Set up and the Changing Role of the PMO over the years *Union Cabinet, Council of Ministers, Cabinet Secretariat *Central Secretariat: Evolution, Composition, Functions, Tenure System, Staffing Scheme, Critical Appraisal *Ministries and Departments: Organization, Functions, Attached subordinate or advisory Offices

57 *Boards and Commissions in India *Supreme Court High Courts Subordinate Courts: Jurisdiction, Composition, Functions G Pressure groups in India, Interest groups GOOD TO KNOW *Ministry of Home, Finance, Defence, External Affairs, Personnel in detail *National Security Council, National Security Advisory Board *N G O s and their influence in Public Policy formulation GREAT TO KNOW *Collegium system of Judicial Appointment *Composition, functions of the Major Boards and Commissions in India *The Judicial Accountability Bill 19. Salient features of the Representation of the People s Act NEED TO KNOW *Representation of Peoples Act 1950 *Representation of Peoples Act 1951 *Conduct of Election Rules 1961 *Election Commission of India, State Election Commissions and their role GOOD TO KNOW *Challenges of democracy *Partisan Politics and Coalition Governments GREAT TO KNOW *Important clauses on election rules such as criteria to be recognized as a political party, symbols that could be used for elections etc *Election Reforms: proposed/needed in India 20. Appointment to various constitutional posts, powers, functions & responsibilities of various constitutional bodies Constitutional Posts *President of India Article- 54 to 65 *Vice President of India Article- 66 *Governor of the State Article- 158 *Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities Article- 350B *Comptroller and Auditor General of India Article- 148 *Attorney General of India Article- 76 *Advocate General of the State Article- 165 Constitutional Bodies *Election Commission Article- 324 G Union Public Service Commission Article- 315 *State Public Service Commission Article- 315 to 323 Finance Commission Article- 280

58 *National Commission for Scheduled Castes Article- 338 *National Commission for Scheduled Tribes Article-338A 21. Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies Statutory Bodies (the number indicates the year in which the act was passed by the Parliament constituting the respective body) *Railway Board *University Grants Commission *Central Board of Direct Taxes *Central Board of Excise and Customs *National Commission for Women *National Commission for Minorities *National Human Rights Commission *State Human Rights Commission *National Commission for Backward Classes *National Commission for Safai Karmacharis *Central Vigilance Commission (made statutory in 2003) *Central Information Commission *State Information Commission *National Commission for Protection of Child Rights Regulatory Bodies Of all the regulatory bodies in India, the most important ones are the following (which have also been made statutory by an act of Parliament) *Reserve Bank of India *Forwards Market Commission *Medical Council of India *Securities Exchange Board of India *Telecom Regulatory Authority of India *Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority *Competition Commission of India *Central Electricity regulatory Commission *Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority Quasi-judicial Bodies *There are 62 quasi-judicial bodies in India, as of now including *Central Administrative Tribunal *State Administrative Tribunals *Tribunals for Taxation, Land Reforms etc Neither Constitutional nor Statutory Bodies

59 *Planning Commission *National Development Council Yet to be instituted *LOKPAL, Lokayukta (present in select states) 22. Government Policies and Intervention for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation NEED TO KNOW *Public Policy and Decision Making *Constraints in Public Policy Making *Problems in Policy Implementation: Conceptual, Political, Administrative, Lack of Public involvement * R o l e of Administrative, Legislative, Judicial and Civil Society bodies in Policy Implementation GOOD TO KNOW *The Policy Cycle: Identifying the Underlying Problem, Determining Alternatives for Policy Choice, Forecasting and Evaluating the Alternatives, Making a Choice, Policy Implementation, Policy Monitoring, Policy Outcomes, Policy Evaluation, Problem Structuring *Policy Analysis and its Limitations *Corruption and nepotism at various stages of policy making and implementation GREAT TO KNOW *Planning Commission and National Development Council: their functions and roles in policy-making, analysis and implementation *Case studies of certain policy making and implementation issues in India 23. Development Processes and the development industry role of NGOs,SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders NEED TO KNOW *Understanding the development process *Macro-level planning and development *Institutions involved in Planning and policy-making: Ministries, departments, Planning Commission, NDC *Relationship between central economic institutions, ministries and local governments/ PRIs *Coordination of activities with other key stakeholders in private sector and civil society *Contributions of SHGs, NGOs, Charitable institutions in the developmental process with case studies and examples *India s experience with Five Year Plans GOOD TO KNOW

60 *Role of aid and private financing in the development investment *Mobilization and assignment of human resources in the development industry *Rural Development and Urban Development processes key differences in approach and strategy *Development Administration *Role of bureaucracy in ensuring good outcomes in the development process *Methods to accelerate the development process GREAT TO KNOW *Foreign Investment in NGOs, Non-profit Organizations and Charitable organizations *Degree of utilization of aid/donations in the actual development process with case studies *Micro-level planning in development initiatives and its importance in curbing leakages and corruption *Technology and Development 24. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable sections of the population by the centre and states, and the performance of these schemes, mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for the protection & betterment of these vulnerable sections Schemes for Scheduled Caste *Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana *Babu Jagjivan Ram Chhatravas Yojana *Rajiv Gandhi Pre-matric Scholarship *Self Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers *Finance and Development Corporation for SC, Safai karmacharis Schemes for Scheduled Tribe *Pre Matric, Post Matric Hostels and Stipend for Tribal students *Scheme for Scheduled Caste/Tribe Entrepreneurs *Several schemes for local tribes in specific states such as Jharkhand, Bihar etc *Legal aid scheme for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Schemes for Backward Classes *National Backward Class Finance and Developmet Corporation *Pre-matric and Post-matric scholarships *Hostels for students Schemes for Senior Citizens *'Vayoshreshtha Sammans' - A Scheme of National Award for Senior Citizens *Scheme of Integrated Programme for Older Persons Schemes for Persons with Disabilities *ADIP scheme

61 *Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme *National Scholarships for persons with disabilities *National Awards for empowerment of persons with disabilities *Schemes for victims of Substance Abuse *Scheme of Assistance for Prevention of Alcoholism and Substance (Drugs) Abuse OMEN *National Policy for Women Empowerment *Prevention of sexual harassment at work place *Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, English *Dowry Probhition Act, 1961 *Indecent Representation of Women *The Commision of Sati (Preventation) Act *National Commission for Women Act *Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women Schemes for Women *SABLA- Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls *Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana *Gender Budgeting Scheme *Swayam Siddha, Swadhar, Swawlamban *STEP- Support to Training and Empowerment Programme for Women *Stree Shakti Puraskar *UJJAWALA : A Comprehensive Scheme for Prevention of trafficking and Resue, Rehabilitation and Re-integration of Victims of Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation *Also look up on some important state sponsored schemes such as Navajyoti scheme Odisha, Aravanaippu scheme Puducherry etc HILDREN *Integrated Child Development Services *Anganwadis and Balawadis *National Early Childhood care and Educational Policy *Prohibition of Child Labour Act Schemes for Children *Integrated Child Protection Scheme *Balika Samriddhi Yojana *Kishori Shakti Yojana *Rashtriya Bal Kosh *Nutrition Programme for Adolescent Girls

62 *Schemes for welfare of Working Children *Rajiv Gandhi National Creche Scheme For the Children of Working Mothers 25. Issues relating to development & management of social sector/services relating to: Health, Education, Human Resources ealth *Health Indicators in India and Millenium Development Goals *NRHM and performance of the EAG states *Mother and Child health care initiatives *Referral System in Health care delivery sector in Rural and Urban areas *Govt.of India Schemes and programmes in Health sector *Growing menace of Lifestyle diseases- Diabetes, Hypertension, Cardiovascular diseases etc *Mental illnesses in India and the Mental health Bill *ancer as a killer *Drug pricing policy and patent laws in India *Medical Education in India *RSBY, Universal Health Insurance Education *Universalization of Primary Education, SSA, RMSA *Right to Education Act and its Implemetation *Providing Access to Education *Education of the Girl Child *Teacher training and improving quality *Infrastructure in educational sector *IT in schools, innovation in pedagogy *Increasing role of private sector in education *FDI in education *Research initiatives in India *Equity and Quality in Higher Education *Status of Technical Education in India Human Resource *Human Resource Development initiatives in India *Tapping the Demographic Dividend *National Skill Development Mission *Human Capital and Social Capital *Role of migration in HRD *Brain drain from India

63 26. Issues relating to poverty & hunger NEED TO KNOW *Definition, concepts, measures and indices of Poverty *BPL and APL categorization criteria and recommendations in India *Food Security, the bill and Administration *Public Distribution System and its deficiencies *Direct Cash Benefit System as a tool to contain poverty *Population explosion and its effect on poverty *Malnourishment as a major concern GOOD TO KNOW *Millennium Development Goals and India *Land Alienation of the Weaker Sections *Problems in the Agricultural Sector *Green Revolution / White Revolution and After *Rural- Urban Divide *Attempts at Rural Development *Urban Poverty as the major threat of the modern day India *The changing face of poverty in the era of globalization GREAT TO KNOW *Comparison of performance with other developing nations on the poverty and hunger front and various global indices *Innovative methods for poverty alleviation in India *Poverty as a cultural cohort in India *Concept of welfare state, state as a provider and panacea for poverty related issues *The Sen-Bhagwati debate 27.Important aspects of governance, transparency & accountability, e- governance applications, models, successes, limitations and potential, Citizen Charters, institutional and other measures Governance *Definitions of Governance and Good Governance *Evolution and features of Good Governance *Good Governance initiatives in India, in the five year plans *Rule of Law and governance *Hindrances to effective good governance in India Transparency and Accountability *Concepts of transparency and accountability in decision making *Hierarchy in governance and accountability *Importance of documentation and automation in ensuring transparency

64 *Communication, consultation and coordination as tools of accountability *Corruption and its evils evinced due to lack to transparency *Right to Information Act and its implementation in ensuring transparency *Misuse of the provisions of RTI act *IT revolution in ensuring transparency and accountability e-governance *Impact of Information Technology on governance in India *Information technology Act 2000 *National e-governance plan *Stages of maturity of e-governance *G2G, G2C, G2B *Rural india and e-governance *Success stories of e-governance: Online filing of taxes, Passport e-seva kendras, IRCTC online booking etc *Terminology like e-desks/ e-records/ digital signatures/ e-offices *Security concerns in e-governance *The Wiki-leaks phenomenon and e-governance *The promises and perils of UIDAI *Mobile governance and its future *Internet/Broadband connectivity, reach,availability of infrastructure and skills to broaden the scope of e-governance in India *e-governance as a tool to fight corruption in the system *Innovative applications of e-governance Citizens Charter and other institutions *Evolution of the concept of citizen s charter *Effectiveness of Citizen s charter in India *Citizen s Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011 *Citizen-centred governance initiatives *e-seva kendras for bill payments *Lokpal and Lokayuktas 28. Role of Civil Services in a democracy NEED TO KNOW *Definition of Civil Services by renowed thinkers in the field of Public Administration *Functions of Civil Service in countries like India, UK, France, USA and Japan *Recruitment, appointment and training of civil servants *Participative role of civil servants not only as concerned with implementation but also formulation of policies of the State

65 *Indian bureaucracy- the steel frame of governance in India *Various duties and responsibilities of a District Collector GOOD TO KNOW *Bureaucratic structure Max Weber s explanation of the legal rational authority * Bureaucracy is the price of democracy *Bureaucracy in aid of and against the notion of development *Anonymity, Neutrality and Commitment as an essential quality of civil servants *Politicisation of Bureaucracy GREAT TO KNOW *How does coalition system of government affect the functioning of civil servants? *Is Indian democracy plagued by the ills of the colonial framework of its Civil Services? 29. India and its neighbourhood relations NEED TO KNOW *Fundamentals of Indian foreign policy and its evolution *Milestones in Indian foreign policy *Geographical and historical factors relevant to India which has determined its relations with the neighbours *Historical ties with the following countries: China, Pakistan, Srilanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Bhutan, *Afghanistan, Maldives *Recent developments in India s relations with its neighbours *Efforts at regional cooperation *Prospects for better bilateral relations and chances of regional cooperation, including trade GOOD TO KNOW Specific issues in detail: *India Pakistan relations, thorny remnants of partition and Kashmir issue at the UN *India-China relations, history of border negotiations and the issues involved *India's efforts at resolving the Tamil issue in Sri Lanka including details of negotiations and the Rajiv-Jayawardhane Agreement, Tamil Elam and Human Rights issue in Sri Lanka *Myanmar's path towards democracy and the role of Aung San Suu Ky *Taliban, Western Powers in Afghanistan and India s role in rebuilding the country *Migrants issues with Bangladesh *Maoists in Nepal *Bhutan's desire to assert itself *Evolution of SAARC and inadequacy because of bilateral issues *Regional groupings involving India and its neighbours *India as a regional super-power

66 GREAT TO KNOW *Diversity of our neighboring countries, which requires different strategies and approaches towards each one of them *A road map for improving relations with the neighbors in the light of increasing Chinese influence in those countries *Cultural ties between India and its neighbours *Importance of Track III diplomacy / soft power in maintaining friendly relations with our neighbours 30. Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and public/ affecting India s interests NEED TO KNOW *India and international organizations such as The United Nations, The Commonwealth of Independent States, the Nonaligned Movement *India s relations with significant global regional groupings such as ASEAN, African Union, European Union, OECD, the Arab League, GCC, APEC etc *India s presence in prominent groupings like IBSA, BRICS, BIMSTEC, G-77, IOR-ARC, BASIC etc *India s economic Interaction with the world through IMF, World Bank, ADB, APEC, WTO, UNIDO, IBRD etc *Commerce and trade relations of India with the world via ASEAN, G20, SAPTA, SAFTA, APTA, NAFTA,EFTA, Mekong-Ganga Cooperation etc GOOD TO KNOW *Climate Change negotiations and India: recent developments G World Intellectual Property Rights, WIPO, PCT, TRIPS and India *Non Proliferation Treaty, Nuclear Supplies Group and India *Important Treaties and Conventions signed by India such as Weapons of Mass Destruction, Chemical, Biological Weapons Conventions etc *Relevant decisions taken in recent summits of the aforesaid groupings GREAT TO KNOW *Development Cooperation and Development Partnership Administration(DPA) by India *Benefits accrued to India from the international organizations. Successes and failures of multilateral diplomacy *India's proposals for UN reform and India's candidature for permanent membership of the UN Security Council *Greater importance being attached to smaller groupings rather than big international organizations and its impact on multilateral diplomacy 31. Effects of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India s interests, Indian Diaspora NEED TO KNOW

67 *India s relations with the following countries of the developed world: USA, UK, Russia, France, Germany, Japan *Terminologies such as Diaspora, Expatriates, Person of Indian Origin, Overseas Indian Citizen, Emigrants, Immigrants, Dual Citizenship etc *Structure and functions of the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs *Statistics relating to Indian Diaspora over the years; new trends in the context of globalization *Remittances to the Indian Economy and its benefits *Influence of the Indian Diaspora in the United States, the UK etc, which has helped bilateral relations GOOD TO KNOW *Negotiations in Trade, Environment and Human Rights and the positions taken by the developed and the developing countries in them *Global economic recession and its effect on India *Impact of Pravasi Bharatiya Divas and Samman *Safety and protection of Indian workers/labourers abroad including the legal, social and political aspects of it GREAT TO KNOW *Case studies relating to Indian Diaspora in the Gulf, the Caribbean, South Africa, Fiji and Myanmar *Condition of Indian citizens languishing in prisons abroad *India and the developed world join hands in combating terrorism *Cyberpolitics in International Relations *Indian Council for Cultural Relations, Indian Council of World Affairs and Public Diplomacy 32. International institutions, agencies and fora; their structure and mandate *United Nations Organization, its principal organs and various agencies *Financial instititutions such as the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, International Development and Reconstruction Bank, Asian Development Bank, the proposed BRICS bank etc *Environmental agencies such as Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, UNEP, International Union for *Conservation of Nature, Global Environment facility, World Nature Organisation etc * F o r a on energy security such as International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA),International Partnership for Energy Efficiency and Cooperation (IPEEC), the C l e a n Energy Ministerial [CEM], Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century(REN21), SCO High Energy Club, International Energy Forum (IEF), Joint Oil Data Initiative (JODI) and UNESCAP *Trade related agencies such as WTO, UNIDO, ILO, WCO, OECD, OPEC etc

68 * Law enforcing agencies such as INTERPOL, International Court of Justice *Nuclear Supplies Groups and Disarmament, role of IAEA *NGOs such as Amnesty International, Red Cross, Human Rights Watch, Greenpeace, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) etc

69 Paper III GENERAL STUDIES Paper III is comprised of 21 broad topics under the subjects Economics, Food & Agriculture, Science & Technology, Disaster Management, Environment and National Security

70 33.Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth & development and Employment Indian Economy *Development and Structural changes in Indian economy since independence *National and per capita Income *Relation between income, poverty and employment, and issues of distribution and social justice *Agriculture *Industry *Service Sector *Money and banking *Capital Market *Inflation *Foreign trade of India *Public Finance and Fiscal *Poverty, Unemployment and Economic Growth *Coping up with the Global Economic Crisis Issues Relating to Planning, mobilization of resources *Planning commission Role, composition and functions *Development Planning in India National planning committee Bombay Plan, Gandhian Plan National Development Council process of planning in India *Objectives and strategies of Planning *Achievements, Shortcomings and problems of planning in India *Plan Models in Indian plans Harrod Domar PC Mahalanobis Open Consistency Model (Manne and Rudra) CELP Model Neo Liberal model *Methods of Resource mobilization Internal resources *External resources *Financing envisaged for different five year plans Growth and Development *Differentiate between the concepts of Growth and development *Problems in measuring development *Indicators of development *Development: Issues and concerns.balanced regional development and regional disparities.inequalities of income and poverty alleviation programmes.foreign capital and Multi national corporations.foreign trade and Balance of payments.parallel Economy

71 .Industrial sickness.privatization and market competition.development of human resources and infrastructure Employment *Five year plans and employment generation *Types of employments: Public sector and Private sector, Organized and unorganized, Skilled, semi-skilled and non skilled, Urban and Rural, Usual principal status, Current Daily status etc *Employment performance of the Indian economy *Employment growth in the post reform period *The employment challenge quantitative and qualitative dimensions *Improving quality of employment *Unemployment: types, issues around it and possible solutions 34. Inclusive Growth and issues arising from it NEED TO KNOW *Definition of Inclusive growth *Balanced Vs Unbalanced growth *Need for sustaining Inclusive growth in India *Disparities and divides Inequality, Poverty, Geographical divide, Socio-economic divide *Inclusive growth strategies in India and challenges therein *Inclusive growth and 12th Five Year Plan GOOD TO KNOW *Differentiate between Inclusive Growth and Inclusive Development *Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development *Role of PRIs in achieving inclusive growth *Relevance of Gandhian ideals in the context of inclusive growth GREAT TO KNOW *Are the ideas of inclusive growth and economic growth contradicting to each other? *Innovative strategies in achieving inclusive growth *Do LPG reforms and New Economic Policy decelerate inclusive growth? *Extremist anti-social tendencies as a result of lack of nclusive growth 35. Government budgeting *Budget Process in India and Constitutional status *Budget documents.annual Financial Statement (AFS).Demands for Grants (DG).Appropriation Bill

72 .Finance Bill.Memorandum Explaining the Provisions in the Finance.Bill, Macro-economic framework for the relevant financial year.fiscal Policy Strategy Statement for the financial year.medium Term Fiscal Policy Statement.Medium Term Expenditure Framework Statement.Expenditure Budget Volume-1.Expenditure Budget Volume-2.Receipts Budget.Budget at a glance.highlights of Budget.Status of Implementation of Announcements made in Finance Minister s Budget Speech of the previous financial year. *Importance of Government Budgeting *Objectives of Budgeting: Full employment, Sustained long-term economic growth, Price stability *Budgeting and macro economy *Types of Budgets: Surplus Budget, Deficit Budget, Balance Budget, Zero based budgeting etc *Deficits: Revenue Deficit, Budget Deficit, Fiscal Deficit, Primary Deficit, Twin deficit problem *Development and Non Development expenditure *Major features of the latest Budget *Railway Budget *State Budgeting *Budgeting in PRIs 36. Major Crops, Cropping patterns in various parts of the country, Different types of Irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints, e-technology in the aid of farmers Major Crops, Cropping patterns *Major crops in India *Area production and yield of various agricultural crops *Prevalent cropping systems and cultivation practices *Factors affecting cropping pattern in India *Issues in irrigated cropping systems *Cropping system oriented production technology

73 *Land degradation problems *Ground water exploitation *Imbalance use in fertilizer *Decline in factor productivity *Inefficient land use Different types of irrigation *Major, Medium and Minor Irrigation Projects *Sources of Irrigation: Irrigation by Canals, Irrigation by Wells, Irrigation by Tanks *Underground water resources *Multi-purpose River valley projects Storage, Transport and Marketing of Agricultural Produce *Types of storages: Underground storage, Surface storage etc *Improved grain storage structures *Warehousing and various types: on the basis of ownership (Private warehouses, Public warehouses, bonded warehouses) on the basis of commodity stored (General warehouses, Special commodity warehouses and Refrigerated warehouses) * Central and State Warehousing Corporation * Food Corporation of India * Issues of improper storage of food grains and wastage Marketing of Agricultural Produce * Characteristics of Agricultural Products * Importance and Objectives of Agricultural Marketing * Facilities Needed for Agricultural Marketing * Inadequacies of Present Marketing System * Methods of Sale and Marketing Agencies * Cooperative Marketing * Deal Marketing System * Scientific Marketing of Farm Products E-Technology in Farming *Role of Information technology in agriculture *Changing pattern of needs post WTO *Agri innovations *Technology diffusion and adoption issues *Challenges of E farming in Indian situation *ICT Adoption as an Agricultural Information Dissemination tool *Management Information Systems *ICT in Precision Agriculture

74 *ICT in Water Supply and Irrigation Management *ICT in the Dairy Farming System *ICT in agriculture and Rural livelihood improvement *Village knowledge centers, Village Resource centers *Priorities in E Agriculture 3 7. Issues related to direct and indirect Farm Subsidies, Minimum Support Prices, Public Distribution System, objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping, Issues related to buffer stock and Food Security, Technology Missions, Economics of Animal Rearing Subsidies *Definition *Types of Subsidies.Direct and Indirect subsidies.merit and Non-merit subsidies.explicit and Implicit subsidies.green Blue and Amber Box subsidies.consumer and producer subsidies.developmental and Non Developmental subsidies *Economics of subsidies *Impacts of subsidies.positive and Negative impacts.direct and Indirect effects *Central and State Subsidies magnitude and trends *The main issues pertaining to subsidies in India may be listed as:.are budgetary subsidies provided for the right reasons.are many wrong goods/services being subsidised.does over subsidization lead to deleterious consequences.are subsidies too large relative to resources.what are the implications of cross-subsidies and off-budget subsidies.has there been an upsurge in some subsidies in recent years.what are the implications of subsidising inputs.is the subsidy regime in India regressive.what is the interface of subsidies with inefficiencies.is there a case for increasing subsidies in some sectors.is there a need for distinguishing long-term subsidies from those that should have a

75 limited life? *Subsidies and Transfers *WTO Issues regarding subsidies Support Pricing System *Minimum Support Prices *Procurement Prices *Positive and negative impacts of support pricing policy *Methodology of support pricing system *Role of FCI *Economic cost Public Distribution System *Food Security and issues related to National Food Security Bill *Definition, Objectives and Functioning, Structure and Organization *Changes in Food consumption Pattern *MSP and food procurement policy *PDS and food subsidy *TPDS *Food stamps and Food credit cards *Cash Transfer/ Direct Cash Benefit Scheme *Decentralization of operations *Operations of Buffer stock and FCI *Private trade in food grains *Impact of PDS *Limitations of the existing system *Need for Revamping and Restructuring of PDS Issues related to Buffer stock *Definition and norms of Buffer stock *Requirement of food grain stock *Procurement and off take pattern *Increase in economic cost of procurement Technology missions *Technology Mission on Oilseed, Pulses and Maize *Technology Mission on Horticulture *National Bamboo mission *Technology Mission on Cotton Economics of Animal Rearing *Cattle population

76 *Production and Productivity Egg, Milk, Meat, Wool, oil, fish *Cattle fodder development, distribution *Contributions to exports *Transfer of technology in animal rearing *Human resource development and extension, integration programs *Livestock services * Marketing facilities *Quality and safety of livestock *Animal health and animal welfare *Livestock insurance *Development of local specific animals *Hybrid vs native breeds of animals 3 8. Food Processing and related industries in India, scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management *Importance of food processing *Location of food processing industries *Growth of agro processing sector *Extent of post-harvest loss in India *R&D in Agro processing sector *Crop and community wise status of agro processing industries and their problems.wheat processing.processing of coarse cereals.processing of pulses.oilseed processing.processing of fruits and vegetables.sugarcane processing industry.cotton processing industry.processing of jute.processing of animal produce.fish and fish products processing.processing of commercial crops.processing of plantation crops.processing of medicinal and aromatic products.agriculture produce processing.processing of traditional foods

77 .Floriculture *Export trends and opportunities *Quality control and standards *GATT and sanitary/phytosanitary measures *Processing industry infrastructure *Supply chain management and marketing *Up stream, Down stream requirements *Development of food parks 39. Land reforms in India NEED TO KNOW *Land Tenure Systems in Indian society, British India The Need for Land Reforms *Objective of Land Reforms Economic efficiency and Social justice *Measures to implement Land Reforms:.Abolition of intermediaries.tenancy Reforms.Ceiling on Land Holdings.Consolidation of Land Holdings.Cooperative Farming GOOD TO KNOW *Success stories of states that have implemented land reforms: Kerala, West Bengal etc *Political ideologies as a boost/hindrance to land Reforms *Land reforms in India compared to Global experience GREAT TO KNOW *The Land Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill *Should Land reforms be a subject in the Union List? *Land Reforms as a catalyst for Development and Progress 4 0. Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in Industrial Policy, effects on industrial growth NEED TO KNOW *New Economic policy and Structural Adjustment Programme in India, its effects on various sectors: agricultural, industrial and service *End of License Raj system and loosening of the regulatory environment *Disinvestment process and benefits *Trends in savings, investment and growth, domestic and foreign investment trends following liberalization *Impact on Trade, exports and imports *Evolution of Industrial Policy in India and Effects on Industrial growth

78 .Industrial Policy of 1948.Industrial Policy 1956.Monopolies Enquiry Commission 1964.Industrial Licensing Policy Inquiry Committee (Dutt Committee), 1967.MRTP 1969.New Industrial Licensing Policy 1970.The Industrial Policy Statement 1973.The Industrial Policy Statement 1977.The Industrial Policy Statement 1980.Growth Center Scheme 1988.The Industrial Policy Statement 1991.North Eastern Industrial Policy 1997 GOOD TO KNOW *Transformation in Entrepreneurial attitude in India *Financial market implications, devaluation of currency etc *Effect on liberalization on employment and wages *Environmental concerns associated GREAT TO KNOW *Does liberalization undermine the prospects of native small scale industries and workers? *FDI in retail: detailed analysis of pros and cons *Is there a need to redefine the role of PSUs in the liberalized world? If so, why and how? *Case studies on impact of liberalization in India 41. Infrastructure; energy, ports, roads, airports, railways etc NEED TO KNOW *Infrastructure: Definition and scope *Transportation: Roads, Railways, Airports & Aviation, Ports & Shipping *Energy: Power generation.renewable Resources: Solar, Wind, Tidal, Biofuel, Geothermal, power generation from waste materials etc.multipurpose river valley projects, Power plants- thermal, hydel, nuclear etc.non-renewable sources: Coal, Oil, Gas etc *Primary services: Public Health care delivery, Education, Water, Sanitation etc *Connectivity: Telecommunication, Internet, Mass Media etc *Investment in Infrastructure Development *Public-Private partnership models in Infrastructure

79 *Rural and Urban Infrastructure development needs *FDI and Aid in Infrastructure GOOD TO KNOW *Commercialisation and Privatization of Infrastructure industry *Land as a critical resource for infrastructure *12th Five Year Plan and Infrastructure *Progress made by the National Highway Authority of India *The Golden Quadrilateral GREAT TO KNOW *Infrastructure as a currency for progress *Infrastructure development in a Low Carbon Economy *The future of India s energy sector *Does Indian Railways need a renewal? *Metro Rail Projects in India *Real Estate Industry in India 42. Investment Models *Category of investment.business fixed investment.inventory investment.residential investment *Financing investment.internal funding.borrowing.issuing new shares of stock The Modigliani-Miller theorem Investment and business cycles Indian condition *Harrod-Domar Model *Nehru-Mahalanobis model *Gandhian model *Neo-Liberal model 43. S & T Developments and applications, effects in everyday lives Quest to satisfy scientific curiosity alone can see you through this area!!! However, you could cover them under these broad areas: Applications of science and technology in areas of *Agricultural productivity *Food and nutrition *Industrial mechanization

80 *Power generation; especially from renewable sources *Defence technology and missile technology *Better infrastructure development *Medical science, pharmaceuticals and health care *Domestic appliances *Computers and Mobile phones in enhancing connectivity *Automation in offices *IT in schools *Eco friendly energy alternatives *Low pollution fuels for vehicles/ battery operated vehicles *Current developments in science and technology 4 4. Acheivements of Indians in S & T, indigenisation of technology and developing new technology Acheivements of Indians in S & T *Contributions to the progress of science and technology historically from the Indian subcontinent as evidenced by historical studies in the fields of Civil Engineering, Water and resource Management, Metallurgy, Mathematics etc *Prominent scientists and their contributions of early times such as Aryabhatta, Charaka, Susruta, Vagbhada et al; and those of modern times including.jagadish Chandra Bose.P.C. Ray.Srinivasa Ramanujan.C.V.Raman.Subramanya Chandrasekhar.M.Visveswarayya.Birbal Sahni.Sisir Kumar Mitra.Megnad Saha.S.N.Bose.Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar.Vikram Sarabhai.Homi Bhabha.Kamala Sohonie.Vainu Bappu. P.K.Sethi.R.R.Sahni

81 .Satish Dhawan.Abhay Ashtekar.Hargobind Khorana.ECG Sudarshan.Mahalanobis.G.N. Ramachandran.Amal Kumar Raychaudari.Debabrata Basu. Ashoke Sen The aforesaid list is by no means complete. Infact, no list would be. So this section is best left to your vast reading ability. Indigenization of technology and developing new technology *Space technology *Defence- Activities of DRDO *Atomic Energy, Nuclear energy and technology *Environmental science and technology to harness renewable sources of energy *Medical Science and AYUSH *Biotechnology, Bioengineering *Agricultural sciences and technological innovations *Meteorology and disaster management techniques *Information technology and indigenization *Telecommunication technologies *CSIR, IISC, IITs, TIFR and achievements in indigenization *National Innovation Foundation and its activities *Encouraging people s innovation, technology from grass roots *Science, technology and Innovation Policy Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nanotechnology, Biotechnology and issues relating to Intellectual Property Rights Glossaries of terminologies in the aforesaid fields need to be glanced through IT *Parts of a computer such as hardware, software, motherboard, monitor, CPU, keyboard, storage media etc *Internet, connectivity, broadband, LAN, WAN etc *Telecommunications and IT, Mobile internet technologies *Operating System platforms *Open Source Software

82 *Cloud computing *Commonly used computer languages *Virtual online communities, social networking media *Malware, computer viruses, phishing and allied entities *Information Security *e-learning, IT in schools *Impact of Information Technology on Indian society *Information Technology Act 2000 G Digital Literacy Movement *Sixth Sense technology and other recent developments in IT Space *Indian Space Programme: milestones and achievements *Indian Satellite launch Vehicles *INSAT series of satellites *Remote Sensing Satellites *India on the Moon- Chandrayaan endeavour *Indian in Mars- futuristic technology *Space centres in India *International Collaboration in the field of Space technology *Indian Astronauts of prominence *Potential applications of Indian Space Technology Robotics *Definition, types and history of Robotics *Laws of Robotics *Mechanism and key components of a robot *Projected applications of robotics *Automation and Robotics *Robotic Surgery and its implications *Possibilites of robotics in a labour intensive economy as India Nanotechnology *Science of nanotechnology and its evolution *Applications of nanotechnology in physical sciences, industries, nanomedicine, nanomechanics, nanobiology etc *Agricultural revolution, Food security and nanotechnology in India *Nanoparticles, nanotubes, nano-composites, nano-ceramics and other nanomaterials *Nano Mission of India, Nanoscience and Technology Initiative Biotechnology *Basic concepts in biotechnology, its evolution as a major discipline

83 *Applications of biotechnology including *Agriculture: Plant biotechnology, biofertilizers, biopesticides, food and nutrition technology etc *Energy: Biofuels, Biomass, Bioenergy etc *Medicine: Gene therapy, Stem Cell therapy, Bioengineering, Artificial organs/prosthesis, Drug discovery, Drug delivery systems, Vaccines, Contraceptives, Control of infectious diseases etc *Some techniques in biotechnology like Hybridization, Cloning techniques, details of Recombinant DNA technology, Genetic engineering, Human genome mapping project etc. *Popularization of biotechnology in India *Biosafety and ethical considerations in use of biotechnology *Biotechnology and societal development Intellectual Property Rights *IP acts, rules and regime in India *Patents, Trademarks, designs, copyrights, geographical indicators etc *WIPO, TRIPS and India *IPR issues in free trade agreements and regional trading blocs *Drug patents in India in the light of recent rulings by the Supreme Court *Traditional Knowledge Digital Library *Patents and Indian Universities/ Research Centres 4 6. Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment NEED TO KNOW *Measures and criteria for environmental pollution *Types of environmental pollution and their causes *Concepts of ecosystems, habitats, niche, biodiversity etc *Importance of conservation of environment *Global warming and climate change: facts and figures *Effects of climate change and their mitigation *Climate Change Negotiations and results *Environmental Impact Assesment: concept and methods *Energy resource shares: Renewable and Non-renewable *Forests, protected areas, wild life sanctuaries, national parks etc in India *Organisational structure for conservation of environment, forests and natural resources in India *Sustainable Development GOOD TO KNOW * Kyoto Protocol, Copenhagen Consensus and subsequent develpments

84 *REDD, REDD+ - Reducing carbon Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in developing countries *TEEB- The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity * Laws and rules concerning environmental conservation in India *Conservation of endangered species of flora and fauna in India *Concept of Green Growth, Green Economy, Green Building Code *Environment vs Development debate GREAT TO KNOW *Geoengineering and innovative methods to fight climate change *Is conservation of environment as a matter of global concern too politicized in a divided world between the developed and developing countries? *High level committee report headed by Madhav Gadgil on conservation of the Western Ghats *Population explosion, Urbanization and environment conservation 47. Disaster & Disaster Management NEED TO KNOW *Definition, criteria, types of Hazards, Disasters *Differentiate between Hazard and Disaster *Stages in Disaster Management.Pre-disaster Planning and Preparedness.Prediction and Early Warning.Plan of Action when disaster Strikes.Post Disaster Operations Disaster Response Cycle *Pre-disaster *Risk Reduction: *Preparedness *Mitigation.Hazard Identification and Zonation.Vulnerability Assessment.Risk Assessment.Disaster Mitigation *Disaster *Emergency Response Systems.Incident command.early Warning Systems

85 .Search and Rescue.Relief Operations *Post Disaster *Recovery.Relief.Rehabilitation.Reconstruction *National Disaster Management Act *National Disaster Management Authority of India: organizational structure, functions, activities, research GOOD TO KNOW *Indian experience with Disaster Management *Nuclear Disasters: Chernobyl to Fukushima *Koodankulam Nuclear Reactor: Safety Concerns *Floods management in India *Dealing with Biological Disasters GREAT TO KNOW *Case studies : Indian Ocean Tsunami, Latur earthquake, Kedarnath Tragedy *Disaster Management Models adopted by other countries across the globe *Recent steps taken in the direction of Risk Reduction Strategies in India 48. Linkages between development and spread of extremism NEED TO KNOW *India s economic security: facts and figures *Rise of extremist tendencies in the Indian subcontinent: Left wing and Right wing *Naxalite ideology and objectives *Regional disparities and inequality in developmental activities *Development challenges in extremist affected areas: health care, education, infrastructure, connectivity etc *The Condition of Dalits, Adivasis and marginalized groups *Laws and rules in place to contain extremist tendencies in the country GOOD TO KNOW *PESA: Extending Panchayati raj to Scheduled Areas *Strategy to ensure equitable distribution and development in the neglected regions of the country *Effective implementation of land reforms, security measures and welfare programmes in affected areas *Displacement and rehabilitation packages in affected areas

86 *Issues of governance in districts plagued by extremism GREAT TO KNOW *Development and displacement: a contradiction in naxalite ideology? *Politics, Religion and Extremism: a nexus *Misguided youth of the nation and extremism 4 9. Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security NEED TO KNOW *Classification of threats under internal security: Traditional ( politico-military threats) and Non-traditional (energy, water, environment, space, cyber etc) security threats *Role of foreign actors in providing illegal arms and ammunition, mooting violence within the country with examples such as China, Pakistan etc *Non-state actors like political factions, communal bodies, regional clans in spreading unrest and rebellion with case studies *Police forces and machinery of the state to tackle internal security threats GOOD TO KNOW *Extremism- the greatest threat to internal security *Youth organizations, NGOs, civil society activists and internal security threats *Operations and plans to contain the menace of naxalism by the security forces *Improving technology and infrastructure of the police and security forces to deal with anti-social extremist forces *Role of the common man in aiding the state to prevent breaches in security GREAT TO KNOW *Case studies of instance of extremist insurgencies in India, aided by specific non-state actors *Religious fundamentalist groups and extremism in India *Need for specialised training and role of intelligence operations in tackling the challenge 5 0. Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, Basics of cyber security NEED TO KNOW *The boom of IT revolution, internet, telecommunication and expansion in possibilities in the area of communication. *Significant online communities and their impact on the society *Mobile phones, s, instant messaging, video chats, cctv and web cameras, tablets, smart phones, facebook, twitter, google, youtube and the going viral phenomena: issues concerning privacy, identity and security *Role of media in sensationalizing and containing security threats? *Definition, concepts in cyber security

87 *Classification of threats into various levels in cyber security GOOD TO KNOW * Role of social networking media in sparking the series of protests resulting in the Arab Spring * Incidents realted to cyber security in the last decade *Organisational structure and legal framework to ensure cyber security in India *Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure *UIDAI and cyber security in India *Human Rights and Counter-insurgency GREAT TO KNOW *Indian legal regime in comparison with the International legal regime in the field of cyber security *Public-Private Partnership in establishing and maintaining cyber security *Journalistic/Media activism in India and its consequences *Responsible citizenship and internal security *Specialised training and intelligence operations in tackling the challenge 51. Money laundering and its prevention NEED TO KNOW *Defintition, concept and causes of money laundering *Black economy/shadow economy/parallel economy in India *Money Laundering Act 2002, Prevention of Money Laundering Bill 2011 *Organizational structure to prevent money laundering in India *Impact of the black economy on the economic growth and progress of the Indian state GOOD TO KNOW *Process of money laundering: Placement, layering, integration *Techniques of money laundering: Hawala, Structuting deposits, Third Party Cheques, Credit cards, Brokers *Role of banks, insurance companies, securities market and other financial institutions in money laundering *Safe-havens around the globe for black money; the Swiss banks and Indian millionaires/billionaires *Scams and scandals of money laundering in India *Relation between the taxation regimes and money laundering *Money laundering as an organized crime GREAT TO KNOW *Money- the root of all evils *International initiatives for regulation of money laundering: Basel Convention, UN Convention, GPML, FATF etc

88 *Money laundering as a threat to political stability of the nation *Innovative strategies to combat the menace of money laundering 5 2. Security Challenges and their management in border areas, linkages of organized crimes with terrorism NEED TO KNOW *Organisational set up to manage borders: Border Security Forces, Border Roads Organization, Border Area Development Programme, Sashatra Seema Bal etc *Legislative steps in ensuring border security *Security issues along the borders.smuggling of goods in border regions.illegal migrants, cross-border settlements across porous borders, esp in the North east region.insurgency, trans-border ethnic ties and border management.water-bodies, water-sharing and borders.golden Triangle, smuggling of drugs across the borders.country specific border sharing issues with China,.Bangladesh, Pakistan, Srilanka, Nepal.Terrorism as a major threat to national security.terrorism and Organized Crime: Underworld mafia, counterfeit currency, illegal supply of arms, smuggling of explosives into India, trafficking of nuclear/biological/ chemical/human weapons into the country and terrorist operations, the fight against cross border terrorism. GOOD TO KNOW *Coast guard surveillance and services *Coastal security and island territories, coastal police stations *Religious fundamentalism and terrorist groups affecting the secular fabric of the nation *Counter terrorism: laws, organizational structure, strategies and operation in India *Terrorist attacks in India and Indian experience in counter terrorism GREAT TO KNOW *Role of human and technical intelligence in counter-terrorism *International cooperation in combating terrorism *Malevolent use of technological advances in communication networks by terrorist groups *The age of globalization and advent of terrorism *Sea piracy, international laws to fight it, Indian experience 53. Various security forces and their agencies and their mandate NEED TO KNOW *Indian Security and Intelligence Agencies

89 *National Investigation Agency *Central Bureau of Investigation *Research and Analysis Wing *National Technical Research Organization *National Counter Terrorism Centre (proposed) *Intelligence Bureau *Directorate of Intelligence of various departments as Revenue, Income Tax, Air Force, Army, Navy etc GOOD TO KNOW *Private security agencies in India *Collaboration with international security agencies *Citizens as the eyes and ears of the security agencies in India GREAT TO KNOW *Espionage and counterfeit operations leading to security threats *Use of technology in security operations in the country *Citizen Privacy and Spying Operations of the state in pursuit of security

90 Paper IV GENERAL STUDIES Paper IV is comprised of 7 broad topics under the subjects Philosophy, Psychology, Public Administration constituting the new paper on Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

91 54 a. Ethics and Human Interface, Essence, Determinants and Consequences of Ethics in Human Action, Dimensions of ethics, Ethics in Private and Public relationships NEED TO KNOW *Definition and concepts of Ethics *Ethics as a branch of study in philosophy: Meta ethics, Normative ethics, Applied ethics *Sources of ethical values, norms: Scriptures, Traditions, Conventions, Family/Parents, Laws, Societal Norms, Philosophy, Literature etc *Approaches to study of ethical standards: Utilitarian approach, Rights approach, Fairness approach, Common Good approach, Virtue approach *Branches of ethics: Personal ethics, Medical ethics, Bioethics, Organizational ethics, Business ethics, Environmental ethics, Religious ethics etc *Evolution of ethical standards of behavior in human society *Practical ethical issues faced in daily life *Ethics in personal life: interaction with family, friends, community etc *Ethics in professional life: interaction with colleagues, boss, subordinates, clients etc GOOD TO KNOW *Aristotle and Ethics *Modern thinkers and philosophers who are proponents of ethics *Religions and Ethics: Buddhist Ethics, Christian ethics, Ethics in Hindu philosophy, Islam and ethics etc *Animal ethics *Can ethics be taught? *Science and Ethics GREAT TO KNOW *Are Ethics and Economics in conflict with each other? *Are ethical concepts getting distorted in today s society? *Indian politics and ethics *Human consciousness, end of materialism and ethical values 54. b Human Values lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators, Role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values Lessons from lives of leaders, reformers and administrators Political *George Washington *Thomas Jefferson *Napolean Bonaparte *Abraham Lincoln

92 *Karl Marx G Otto von Bismark *Mahatma Gandhi *Winston Churchill *Fidel Castro *Margret Tatcher *Martin Luther King *Nelson Mandela *S.Radhakrishnan *C.Rajagopalachari *Jawaharlal Nehru *Indira Gandhi Religious *Buddha *Mahavira *Jesus Christ *Prophet Mohammed *Adi Shankara *Guru Nanak *Swami Vivekananda *Sufi mystics Social Reformers *Kabir *Raja Ram Mohan Roy *Ishwar Chandra Vidya Sagar *Swami Dayanad Saraswati *Babasaheb Ambedkar *Vinobha Bhave *D.K.Karve *Sree Narayana Guru *Periyar E.V.Ramaswamy *Mother Teresa *Baba Amte *Administrators *Lal Bahadur Sashtri *Sardar Vallabhabhai Patel *V.P.Menon *K.M. Panikkar

93 *M.S.Swaminathan *Varghese Kurien Entrepreneurs *Bill Gates *Steve Jobs *Jack Welch *Ratan Tata *Azim Premji *Narayanamurthy Social Activists *Sundarlal Bahuguna *Medha Patkar *Arundhati Roy *Binayak Sen *Anna Hazare Inculcating values *Concepts and contents in Human value systems *Ancient system of education in India and the need for its revival *Role of parental attitude, upbringing in inculcating values *Understanding Harmony in human relationships; with fellow human beings, other living creatures and nature *Community exposure, social experiences and values *Law, punishment and value systems *Gender issues and values in the contemporary Indian society *Impact of globalization on changing nature of human value systems 54. Contribution of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the World Western thought Pre Socratic *Pythagoras *Heraclitus *Hippocrates Academic *Socrates *Plato *Aristotle Stoic *Marcus Aurelius

94 Christian *Saint Augustine Scholastic *William of Occam Age of Science *Nicolo Machiavelli *Francis Bacon *Thomas Hobbes Rationalist *Rene Descartes Empiricist *John Locke *Voltaire Idealist *Immanuel Kant Liberal *Adam Smith *Thomas Paine *John Stuart Mill Materialist *Sigmund Freud *Carl Jung *John Maynard Keynes Existentialism *Friedrich Nietzsche *Simone de Beauvoir Post Modernist *Michel Foucault *Jacques Derrida New Age Scientist * Albert Einstein * Emile Durkheim Linguistic *Bertrand Russel *Naom Chomsky Eastern Thought Indian

95 *Vedic Philosophy *Hinduism *Vendanta, Purva-Mimansa *Advaita, Dvaita *Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Ajivika *Samkhya, Yoga and Meditation *Buddhism *Jainism *Sikhism Middle East *Zoroastrianism *Islamic Philosophy *Sufism *Iranian Renaissance Chinese *Zen Buddhism *Confucianism *Taoism Modern *Jiddu Krishnamurthy *Ramana Maharshi *Osho 55. Attitude content, structure, function, its influence and relation with thought and behavior, moral and political attitudes, social influence and persuasion NEED TO KNOW *Basics *Definition, content of attitude as the core construct of social psychology *Structure of attitude *ABC Model Affective, Behavorial, Cognitive components, Explicit and Implicit attitudes *MCM Model Meta Cognitive Model *APE Model Associative Propositional Evaluation Model *Memory and attitudinal structure *Functions of attitude *Adjustive/Utilitarian function *Ego-defensive function *Value-expressive function

96 *Knowledge function *Functions of attitude and group membership *Function of attitude change *Attitude and thought *Relationship between attitude and thought *Positive attitude and thought formation *Conscious thought and attitude formation *Thought induced attitude change *Cognitive structural changes in attitude change *Attitude and thought distraction *Polarization of attitudes *Attitude and Behavior *Relationship between attitude and behavior *Predictability of behavior given the attitude *Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior *Attitude Accessibility *Attitude in group membership *Moral attitude *Role of upbringing and conditioning of moral attitude *Moral mandates, preferences, normative convictions etc determining the moral attitude *Moral attitude and decision making *Swaying moral attitudes when presented with temptations *Transition from need to greed and moral convictions *Emotions, attachments and moral conviction *Universality of fundamental moral values such as reverence, responsibility, faithfulness, veracity, goodness etc *Political Attitude *The Spectrum of Political Attitudes radical, liberal, moderate, conservative, and reactionary *Progressive and Retrogressive outlook and attitudinal change in politics *Voting behavior of citizens in a democracy *Need for change/ resistance to change as a feature of political attitude *Partisan political attitudes and national development *Change in political convictions in coalition governments *Political attitude and jingoism *Social Influence and Persuasion *Acquiring attitude through the process of socialization, direct experience, classical

97 conditioning, instrumental conditioning, observational learning, cognitive learning *Self esteem and persuasion *Persuasive communication *Attitude change and persuasion *Cognitive dissonance theory *Social influence through Compliance and Obedience *Exercise of authority *Conformity Norms *Minority influence *Group influence *Leadership, decision making and social influence GOOD TO KNOW *Theory of attitude formation and change in attitude *Assessment and measurement of attitude using psychological instruments *Social response, Social explanation, Social facilitation in social psychology *Attitude and Risk-taking behavior *Importance of attitude in interpersonal relational relationships GREAT TO KNOW *Evolution of theories of attitude in social and cultural context of nations *Applications of the study of attitude by social psychologists and cognitive psychologists *Education induced changes in attitude *Differences in employee-employer attitudes *Attitudinal and perceptional difference between public and private, government and citizens 6. Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections Aptitude *Nature and Concepts of Aptitude in Psychology *Aptitude and achievements/accomplishments *Aptitude and intelligence G Aptitude for a vocation Integrity *Personal Integrity *Honesty, Responsibility, Transparency *Ability to repent and amend *Lack of Hidden Agenda *Conformity with institutional aims

98 Impartiality *Neutrality as an indispensible quality of a civil servant *Impartiality in decision making *Non aligned stand in policy making *No shade of nepotism or personal loyalties in actions *Rationality, Theory of Bounded Rationality in decision making Non-partisanship objectivity *No active political affiliations *Ideological affinity as a confounding factor in decision making *Political bias based on previous experience *Lack of Obsequiousness towards political masters *No subjugation to political pressure edication to Public Service *Role of civil servant as an agent of change *Public Service gaining preference over Personal gratification *Sacrifices to make on the personal front *Compromises to be made to ensure the common good for the greater lot *Dedication and Commitment to popular sovereignty and popular will *Adherence to service rules and regulations mpathy, Tolerance, Compassion towards weaker sections *Recognition of the plight of the vulnerable and marginalized sections of the society *Ability to step down from the ivory tower to the doorstep of the villager *To relate with the pain and suffering of the fellow human being with empathy *To tolerate the misgivings of the weaker man in his quest of redressal of grievances *Compassion towards the deprived and underprivileged *Endure the stress and trials that one may have to face during the service *Facilitate the emancipation of the vulnerable and the disadvantaged sections 7.Emotional Intelligence, Concepts and their utilities, application in administration and governance NEED TO KNOW *Theories of Multiple Intelligence *Importance of Emotions *Concepts of Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Quotient *Knowing your emotions *Managing your own emotions *Motivating yourself

99 *Recognizing and understanding other people's emotions *Managing relationships, i.e., managing the emotions of others GOOD TO KNOW * Models of Emotional Intelligence.Ability based model.trait Model.Mixed Model Goleman s EI Competencies *Self Awareness: Knowing what we feel in the moment and using that to guide our decision making; having a realistic assessment of our own abilities and a well grounded sense of self-confidence.emotional self-awareness.accurate self-assessment.self-confidence *Self Management: Handling our emotions so that they facilitate rather than interfere; delaying gratification to pursue goals; recovering well from emotional distress; deploying our deepest preferences to take initiative, improve and persevere..self-control.trustworthiness.conscientiousness.adaptability.achievement orientation.initiative *Social Awareness: Sensing what people are feeling, being able to take their perspective and cultivate rapport with a broad diversity of people.. Empathy. Organisational Awareness.Service Orientation *Social skills: Handling emotions in relationships well and accurately reading social situations; interacting smoothly; using these skills to persuade, lead and negotiate..influence.leadership.developing Others.Communication.Change Catalyst.Conflict Management

100 .Building Bonds.Teamwork and Collaboration GREAT TO KNOW *Psychological instruments to measure emotional intelligence *Happier work places, secure relationships and more self-confidence as a result of emotional intelligence *Diligent leadership and emotional intelligence 8.Public Civil Service values and ethics in Public administration; status and problems, ethical concerns and dilemmas in govt. and private institutions, laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance, accountability and ethical governance, ethical and moral values in governance, ethical issues in international relations and funding, corporate governance NEED TO KNOW *Role and functions of the Civil Services *Ethics in public life cutting across the planes of hierarchy *Office of Profit *Conduct rules/ Service rules *Lord Nolan s The Seven Principles of Public Life:.Selflessness: Holders of public office should take decisions solely in terms of the public interest. They should not do so in order to gain financial or other material benefits for themselves, their family, or their friends..integrity: Holders of public office should not place themselves under any financial or other obligation to outside individuals or organizations that might influence them in the performance of their official duties..objectivity: In carrying out public business, including making public appointments, awarding contracts, or recommending individuals for rewards and benefits, holders of public office should make choices on merit..accountability: Holders of public office are accountable for their decisions and actions to the public and must submit themselves to whatever scrutiny is appropriate to their office..openness: Holders of public office should be as open as possible about all the decisions and actions that they take. They should give reasons for their decisions and restrict information only when the wider public interest clearly demands..honesty: Holders of public office have a duty to declare any private interests relating to their public duties and to take steps to resolve any conflicts arising in a way that protects the public interest.

101 .Leadership: Holders of public office should promote and support these principles by leadership and example. *Sources of ethics: rules, laws, traditions, conventions, philosophy, teachings of the masters, familial norms, societal norms, conscience and inner self *Principles of ethical governance.accountability.transparency.equity.performance.participation.rule of Law.Strategic Vision.Lack of arbitrariness.ethics and Integrity *Ethics in diplomacy *Ethical stance in instances of monetary allurements and benefits *Economics and ethics *Corporate Social Responsibility anagerial ethics in Corporate Governance *Ethics vs Profit in the private sector GOOD TO KNOW *Bureaucracy and development in India *Role of training in inculcating values and discipline in civil servants *Corruption and bribery as breach of ethics in public service *Nepotism and favoritism in politics and public service *Edmund Burke on Parliament GREAT TO KNOW *Social Accountability- concept, challenges and vulnerabilities *The Bureaucracy-Politician-Criminal world nexus *Political pressure on Civil Servants, Case Studies of officers resisting political pressures such as P.S. Appu, Khemka, *Durga Nagpal et al *Role of ethics in ensuring peace and order in the world *Multipolar world, Hegemony and Ethics in International Relations 9.Probity in Governance, concept of public service, philosophical basis of governance and probity, information sharing and transparency in governance, right to information, codes of ethics, codes of conducts, citizen charter, work culture, quality of public service delivery, utilization of public funds,

102 challenges of corruption NEED TO KNOW Probity in Governance and Public Service *Definition and concepts of Probity, Public Service *Misfeasance in public office *Declaration of assets by public servants *Public Interest Disclosure Act *Benami transactions and public servants Philosophical basis *Indian philosophy, dharma of the ruler and ethical standards of governance *Social Contract Theory: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau *Rule of Law and good governance *World Bank defintion of good governance Importance of transparency and information sharing *Right to Information Act 2005: legal aspects, implementation and effectiveness *Public Interest Litigation and Whistle blower protection Code of ethics *Code of Ethics for Civil Servants, Judiciary, regulators *Ethical Framework for Ministers, Legislators Code of Conduct *Code of Conduct and ethical standards for politicians, civil servants Citizens Charter *Origin, Formulation, Implementation, Effectiveness and Challenges in India Work Culture *Attitude towards work, organization and colleagues *Theories of motivation G Ergonomics *Employee-employer relationship, employee-employee relationship, employee-client relationship *Alignment with organizational objectives *Perks and fringe benefits *Informal organization and grapevine communication Quality of public service delivery *Quality control concepts and criteria *Models to ensure quality service *Role of monitoring and evalution *Feedback and quality control

103 *International standards and best practices in public service delivery *IT and public service delivery Utilization of Public Funds *Types of funds *Role of finance commission in allocation of funds *States and PRIs in utilizing the funds *Target population and better utilization of funds *Performance Budgeting *Results Framework Document *Leakages in the chain of authority *Role of an Ombudsman Challenges of Corruption *Corruption and public servants *Good governance, transparency and corruption *E-governance, IT revolution, automation as a tool against corruption *The battle against corruption *Lokpal and Lokayukta GOOD TO KNOW *Ethics and Responsiveness to Civil Society *New Ethical Approach and New Public Service *Measures to ensure probity in governance *The culture of corruption in the Indian Society *Indian middle class: the victims of corruption GREAT TO KNOW *Integrity in personal life and probity in public life: a correlation *Conscientious behavior while facing a dilemma *Adherence to Ethics on the face of Compulsion, Threat to life, Infliction of Injury, Offence, Conspiracy etc *Ethical governance as a cure for the trust deficit in governmental machinery among citizens

104 UPSC has released sample question paper on newly introduced General Studies paper on Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude, which is reproduced here PAPER V - ETHICS, INTEGRITY AND APTITUDE Candidates may please note that the sample questions below are indicative but not exhaustive. The range and depth of questions that would be asked may differ. SAMPLE QUESTION NO. 1 What do you understand by Ethical Human Conduct? In what way is it important to be ethical along with being professionally competent? SAMPLE QUESTION NO. 2 What do you understand by the following terms? Point out their specific relevance in public service; (i) Intellectual integrity (ii) Empathy (iii) Perseverance (iv) Spirit of service (v) Commitment Indicate two more attributes which you consider very important for public servants. Justify your answer. SAMPLE QUESTION NO. 3 Which great Indian personality has inspired you the most as a role model and how have you been able to benefit in your own life by such an inspiration? SAMPLE QUESTION NO. 4 ( CASE STUDY ) You have been working with your team for almost a year. One of your subordinates Mr. A is very effective and hard working, he takes responsibility and gets things done. However, you have heard that Mr. A makes loose comments about women. Mrs X who is working under A, comes to you, she is visibly disturbed. She tells you that Mr. A has been making undue advances towards her and has even asked her to go out for dinner with him. She wants to give a written complaint seeking action against Mr. A. what would you do and why? SAMPLE QUESTION NO. 5 ( CASE STUDY ) You have grown up with X, who has been your best friend since childhood. You have shared your joys and sorrows and have been each other s confidante. Both of you are in your final year graduation and writing your final exams. In the exam you notice that your friend is copying and cheating a lot. What would you do and why?

105 SAMPLE QUESTION NO. 6 (CASE STUDY) You are posted as the Medical Superintendant of a District level Govt Hospital which caters to the need of poor patients from surrounding rural areas along with the local people from the district town. As such the hospital has very good infrastructure and adequate equipment to cater to this need. It also receives sufficient funds to meet the recurring expenditure. Inspite of this there have been repeated complaints particularly from the patients which include the following (i) Very poor maintenance and un-hygienic conditions in hospital premises. (ii) The hospital staff frequently demanding bribes from the patients for the services rendered. (iii) The negligent attitude of the Doctors resulting in times of casualties. (iv) Siphoning of a substantial stock of medicine by the staff and selling it out. (v) Strong nexus between the senior Doctors of the hospital and the owners of local private nursing homes and testing labs as a result of which the patients are strongly misled and dissuaded from availing the hospital facilities and rather compelled to purchase costly medicines from market and get medical tests and even operations done from private medical houses. (vi) There also exist a notorious employee union which puts undue pressure and resents any reformative step by the administration. Ponder over the situation and suggest effective ways to tackle each of the above mentioned problem.

106 GENERAL STUDIES

107 Suggested Reading Each paper in General Studies has been backed with a robust list of ten study books and five reference books, for the student to choose from.

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