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2 Dangerous Offenders in Canada, : A Descriptive Analysis Janine Jakimiec Centre of Crimindlogy A dissertation submitted in conformity with the requirements for the Mastes of Arts degree in the University of Toronto. August 985

3 LO3RARY MINISTRY OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL,OC,T 24 MP% (0% FS BIBLIOît -IÈQUE MINISTÈRE DU SOLLICITEUR GÉNÉRAL /Dangerous Offenders in Canada, : A Descriptive Analysis, Janine Jakimiec Centre of Crimindlogy A dissertation submitted in conformity with the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the University of Toronto. August 985 e e r & es '. e,4 e e S e /". a,.,e, - \ atee e e N4t r\ e e.se e? ee e e ge e e -e e _,,zece- e e tee,e, ee e

4 Acknowledgements This research was facilitated by a contribution from the Solicitor General of Canada to the Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. The cooperation of Dr. Frank Porporino, Senior Research Officer, from the Research Division of the Ministry, in securing prompt access to files as well as his technical advice and supervision were greatly appreciated. The opinions expressed in this report are however, those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Solicitor General of Canada. I wish to express my gratitude to my dissertation supervisor, Dr. Christopher D. Webster, for his guidance and comments throughout and for helping me keep things in perspective. To Professor A.N. Doob, Director of the Centre of Criminology, I am grateful for his encouragement in undertaking this study and help in overcoming minor obstacles. In addition I would like to thank the staff at Kingston Penetentiary, Millhaven Institute and Warkworth Institute for their assistance in answering my many questions and for providing me with workspace within their offices. Finally, I wish to acknowledge Mr. David Cole and Mr. Leo Adler, for their interest in my project and willingness to discuss issues which were of concern to me.

5 e0wpik, "Il faut savor)et saveefaire, mais il ne faut pas attendre de tout savoir pour commmencer a faire." Lyon-Caen, 976:376

6 Table of Contents Page Acknowledgments Abstract iv Introduction Method: 7 Subjects 7 Data Source and Collection 7 The Limitations 8 General Descriptive Results and Comments 0 Number, Sex and Status 0 Race and Education 0 Age 0 Incarceration Information Use of the Legislation Offence Data 5 Release 5 Other Major Findings and Discussion 9 Conditional Release 9 Appeals 20 Institutional Management 20 Visible Abnormalities 2 A Pattern of Repetitive Behaviour 22 First Offenders 23 Points of Interest 24 General Discussion 25 The Legislation: Purpose and Actuality 25 The 977 DO Provisions in Practice 27 The Treatment Aspect 28 'Case Examples 29 Conclusion 3 Footnotes 33 Reference List 37 List of Cases 39 Bibliography 40

7 Abstract The old Habitual Criminal (HC) and Dangerous Sexual Offender (DSO) provisions were the forerunners of the current Dangerous Offender (DO) legislation proclaimed in force in October 977. Preventive detention may now be imposed against a "serious personal injury" offence if the individual shows either "a pattern of repetitive behaviour" or for a first offender if the offence is "of such a brutal nature". The current legislation does however, reserve a section exclusively for sexual offenders. Information presently available on the current DO population suggests that perhaps the legislation is being discriminantly applied against sex offenders. Provincial patterns of use also seem to be emerging since 977. Ontario and B.C. are using Part XXI of the legislation and its indeterminate sentence the most, whereas Quebec has never done so. Unusual physical appearance and bizarre deportments of the DO's also tend to be focused on. Finally, before the present study, no DO had ever been released. Considering that there must be many offenders who are just as violent as the curent DO's, and yet who are not proceeded against under Part XXI, the present group of DO's is of great theoretical and practical importance. The present research was aimed at developing a data base of the current DO's to better suggest preventive or additional steps that can be taken to ensure that the legislation reacethose it intended to. Major findings revealed that of the 5 inmates declared to be dangerous to date, all but one were male. Two were no longer incarcerated. Three of the DO group had also received definite versus indefinite sentences. The trend in provincial use of the legislation remained unchanged and sex offenders still seem to be singled out. Visible abnormalities, however, were not found to be prominent among the current DO population. The overall general conclusion was that Part XXI does not capture the 'truly' dangerous individual. The criteria established to find someone to be a DO and their use should perhaps be revised. Studies with various contrast groups would also prove indispensable in order to show that preventive detention is justifiable in certain cases. iv

8 Dangerous Offenders in Canada, : A Descriptive Analysis Indeterminate sentences are reserved for special categories of offenders (Griffiths, Klein, & Verdun _Jones, 980, pp ). Canada first enacted such legislation in 947 to deal with "habitual criminals" (HC's) and in 948 to cope with the "criminal sexual psychopath". As a result of recommendations in the McRuer report (958) the legislation was altered in 960 by deleting reference to criminal sexual psychopath and substituting "dangerous sexual offender" (DSO). Approximately 5 years later the Canadian Government's Peace and Security Programme proposed what are now the current "dangerous offender" (DO) provisions. Under the Criminal Law Amendment Act (977) all existing legislation relating to preventive detention was repealed. At this time the HC stipulations were removed (aside from the creation of special provisions for those who had previously been so designated) and the new single designation of DO was introduced (which included the "old" DSO's). The new post-977 provisions contained in Part XXI (see Appendix A) of the Code are aimed at persons who have been convicted of a "serious personal injury offence as defined by Section 687 of the Criminal Code (Revised Statutes Canada (R.S.C.), 970 as amended, 977) and the offender who "constitutes a threat to the life, safety or physical or mental well-being of other persons" (s.688.(a)). It is necessary to prove "a pattern of repetitive behaviour by the offender," as well as his "failure to restrain his behaviour" which therefore is likely to cause "death or injury to other persons" (s.688.(a)(i)). Section 688.(a)(ii) provides for the need to establish "a pattern of persistent aggressive behaviour by the offender" with the offence

9 for which he has just been convicted being part of that pattern. Further, the accused must have shown "a substantial degree of indifference...as to the reasonably forseeable consequences to other persons of his behaviour" (s.688.(a)(ii)). However, if an offender is convicted of an offence "that is of such a brutal nature as to compel the conclusion that his behaviour in the future is unlikely to be inhibited by normal standards of behavioural restraint" (s.688.(a)(ii)) he may be declared a DO without necessarily qualifying as a repeat offender. Part XXI also contains specific provisions in relation to sex offenders. According to s.688.(b) the legislation may be applied against the offender who "by his conduct in any sexual matter including that involved in the commission of the offence for which he has been convicted, has shown a failure to control his sexual impulses and a likelihood of his causing injury, pain or other evil to other persons through failure in the future to control his sexual impulses". Where a person is found to be such a DO, he may be sentenced to an indeterminate period of detention in a pententiary, in lieu of "any other sentence that might be imposed for the offence for which the offender has been convicted" (s.688.(b)). As Mewett and Manning (978, p.9) point out, such a sentence is 'potentially' life imprisonment, even though the National Parole Board (NPB) must review the sentence at the expiry of three years from the day on which the accused was taken into custody and not later than every two years thereafter to determine whether parole should be granted under the Parole Act (s ()). As already noted, the new legislation also includes provisions 2

10 with respect to those incarcerated under the 'old' HC and DSO provisions. To this extent, the NPB is required to review the condition, history, and circumstances of the accused, at least once yearly, to determine whether the offender should be released on parole (s.695..(2)). The reader interested in the fate of the forerunners of the present legislation should consult Jackson's (982) report on 5 the HC and Greenland's (984) study of the DSO. Briefly put, Jackson, - upon examining the files of all HC's held in British Columbia found that many appeared to be under unnecessary detention. As a result of his publication, a judicial review of all HC's in Canada was effected by Mr. Justice Leggatt in 983. This eventually led to the out-fright pardon of most of the "old" HC's. It is important to note that some half of the HC's had achieved their 'habitual' status in B.C. Greenland's observations, on the pre-977 DSO's, similar in some respects to those of Jackson, have not brought about a judicial review. It is again of interest to note that some half of those cases arose in B.C. The only information available on the current post-977 DO population is in an unpublished dissertation by Mackay (983), a report prepared within the Ministry of the Solicitor General by the Policy Branch (Berzins, 983), and a recent Ministry-sponsored study by Koopman (985). Some information is also available in a monograph by Webster, Dickens and Addario (985). Mackay's (983) study deals strictly with the adjudication process and is limited to the province of Ontario. Mackay's findings (983, pp.55-56) revealed that between October 977 and May 983, 27 DO hearings were held. Of those, 2 were successful. He found that in the majority of cases, the index offence was committed while the offender was on some kind of formal 3

11 release program and within 24 months of that release. Several factors seemed to influence most the decisione7 to proceed with a DO n application. An application was most likely to be forwarded if the prosecutors and counsel were doubtful that the offender would be sentenced to a lengthy period of detention for the index offence. Further, presentation of a psychiatric assessment indicating the offender's dangerousness reinforced application decisions. Third, sexual offences were predominant. Finally, vivid descriptions of the horrifying elements of the offence appeared to play a convincing role. Interestingly, Mackay noted that information which did not indicate dangerousness was generally excluded. A review of the Berzins' report provides a descriptive overview of the patterns emerging from the use of the 977 legislation. Major findings (Berzins, 983, pp.5-50) indicate that no request to use Part XXI had ever been denied by any provincial Attorney General. Ontario was shown to be responsible for the majority of prosecutions under the legislation and was the only province to have experienced unsuccessful pursuits. Attention was drawn to the fact that only six provinces had made use of the special provisions and Quebec, with its large population was specifically singled out for note, in that it has never felt the need to resort to such measures. In addition, the report suggests that a majority of those declared dangerous have 'unusual' physical appearances as well as 'bizarre' deportments and the report brings to the fore that all but five of the then 32 dangerous offenders had some record of sexual offences. A final point of note from this important report was that, at the time of its release, there appeared to be an increase over time in the use of the provisions. 4

12 Koopman (985, p.32) in the course of data collected during found that the DO's and a contrast "inmate group" (IG) 2 did not differ in terms of basic demographic, psychometric and dispositional variables. She did find however, that DO's were relatively more likely to be middle-class in socio-economic status (SES) (Koopman 985, p.32). The most important differences between groups surfaced when comparing the nature of the offences of the two groups. For example, sex crimes were prominent among 79 percent of DO's in comparison to only 0 percent of the IG's crimes (see p.32). Koopman reported that no DO had ever been convicted of murder whereas 38 percent of the IG had a record of one or more murders (see p.32). The IG displayed more violence, over a longer period of time and showed a greater tendency for escalation of violence. DO's however, seemed to have inflicted more psychological harm upon their victims (see p.32). In over 60 percent of these DO men there was some evidence of cognitive dysfunction or unsocialized personalities (see p.38). The reader should be careful to note that about the same level of disorder was found in the contrast group. The study also suggested the absence of treatment in many cases. A final point to be made from the useful study is that Koopman very generally confirmed Berzins' impressionistic observations concerning the tendency for DO's to have atypical appearances and deportment. Webster, Dickens and Addario (985) present an exhaustive review of the scientific literature on assessment and prediction of dangerousness and point to various difficult issues, legal and psychiatric. Webster et. al. (985, pp.xvii-xxvii) suggest that there is little evidence that psychiatrists or other mental health experts can predict future dangerous behaviour of patients or prisoners with 5

13 any degree of certainty, and that the most any clinician or researcher can offer is a probability estimate of such behaviour in the future. With respect to the fact that most dangerous offenders are sex offenders, the literature suggests that greater scientific advances have been made in the area of assessment of sexual anomolies than in the treatment of them, and that evidence regarding the effectiveness of treatment interventions is scant. The monograph suggests that the Part XXI provisions allow for far more severe sentences than would normally be possible under the sections of the Criminal Code relating to the index offence(s). With regard to the unreliability and inaccuracy of psychiatric predictions, the Canadian courts tend to construe the phenomenon as an issue of weight rather than admissibility of evidence. The implications of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is an issue addressed concerning Part XXI proceedings and preventive detention. The authors indicate that the Canadian courts have so far dismissed in principle and in practice most challenges to Part XXI under the Charter. There is already evidence to suggest that the use of Part XXI is being restricted largely to sexual offenders (Berzins 983, p.9). Such findings raise doubts as to whether the provisions are being used in a discriminatory way, considering that there must be many offenders who are just as violent as the present dangerous offenders, if not more so, and yet who are not proceeded against under this legislation. There is also a vague hint that, as already noted, relative to other violent offenders, those designated as 'dangerous', may be an oddappearing, perhaps 'dangerous-looking' group (Berzins, 983, p.8). Some social psychologists even suggest that physical appearance may 6

14 have powerful effects on decision-making of many kinds (Mashman, 978). For these reasons the present group of dangerous offenders is of great importance both theoretically and practically. This study was conducted in order to obtain up-to-date basic demographic data on prisoners under Warrants of the Lieutenant Governor (WLG) by doing a case-by-case review of all DO's. More specifically, it aimed to answer particular questions: How many inmates have received the legal designation of DO? Have any females been declared DO's? Have any DO's received some type of formal release? What kind of previous offence and incarceration history do these inmates have? Are visable abnormalities prominent among this population? What type of offence triggered the DO hearing? How many prisoners were designated to be dangerous under the "of such a brutal nature" clause? In what province were the DO hearings held? Where are these DO's now incarcerated? What is the mean age of an offender when he is declared to be dangerous? What type of institutional incidents do these individuals get involved in? The development of such a data base may help suggest preventive or additional steps that can be taken to ensure that Part XXI reach those it intended to. A Method Subjects: The subjects consisted of all persons to date (June 985) who had been successfully proceeded against, and therefore found to be DO's in accord with Part XXI of the Criminal Code (R.S.C., 970) proclaimed in force in 977 (Appendix A). Data Source and Collection: Permission was obtained from the Ministry 7

15 of the Solicitor General, Canada, to gain access to the subjects' files. To ensure confidentiality, the names and Finger Print Service (FPS) numbers of all individuals have been omitted in this acocunt. Data were obtained from two sources: from National Headquarters (NHQ) for all cases except those currently held in federal insitutions in Ontario and from institutional files on the Ontario sample. Information on the latter group, though more detailed than the former, was not without its limitations. For the Ontario sample, data were collected from the twelve different data banks available on each prisoner, which were maintained in the respective institutions in which the inmate was in custody. The twelve data banks consulted were: sentence administration, case management A, case management B, discipline and dissociation, education and training, employment, medical and psychiatry, psychology, visit and correspondence, preventive security, administration and discharge, and parole. A file review protocol (Appendix B) was used to extract the pertinent information. Specific categories served to give focus: offender demographic characteristics, medical and psychological, previous offence and incarceration data, index offence and sentencing dispositions, institution -al and parole information. A coding manual (Appendix C) was constructed to capture the scope of possibilities for the specific variables. It was thought that having pre-determined categories would aid not only the present research but also the conduct of future projects. Instructions on how to code the particular variables are outlined in detail in the manual itself. 3 The Limitations: The limitations encountered in attempting to present descriptive research became major obstacles in attaining the original 8

16 aims of the study. A major drawback was the unavailability of court transcripts, from which much background information about the case may have been gleaned. As well, there can be no doubt that the study would have been substantially improved had it been possible to interview both the inmates and those who deal with them (i.e.: classification officers, members of the case management team, psychologists). 4 The most serious problem, however, was that of the files being incomplete. 5 As well, the type of data contained in each file were inconsistent among files. 6,7 Despite excellent cooperation from the institutions, which in fact was highly commendable, it nonetheless proved difficult to coordinate the procurement of files. Collecting all twelve data banks on each inmate and having them available to the researcher proved to be a major task. Notwithstanding elaborate arrangements, failures of communication did occur with the result that some or all files were not available to the researcher on arrival t, the institution. Asa result, certain data banks on a few of the inmates could not be reviewed. 8 A final problem concerns files that were retrieved from Ministerial archives in Ottawa. Once a file, meaning all twelve data banks, becomes inactive, it is forwarded to the Ministry for storage. The files requested from archives arrived astonishingly incomplete. 9 In highlighting the above problems, the author does not wish to be unduly critical of the existing institutional administrative arrangements, but instead hopes to draw attention to the fact that future projects should be designed with these complications in mind. 9 o fl

17 General Descriptive Results and Comments Number, Sex and Status: From October 977 until June 985, fifty-one people in Canada have been declared to be DO's, only one of whom is female (Appendix D). Three of these DO's, two males and the female, were sentenced to definite terms of detention of 4 years, ten years and two years less a day, respectively. Two of these three DO's are no longer incarcerated. The female was released in July 985 (as of the writing of this report) and the subject who received the definite sentence of 4 years died of a heart attack while incarcerated in the Ontario Region. A third DO was released to provincial custody by court order in November 984, his indeterminate sentence having been quashed on appeal. Due to the unavailability of his complete records from archives, it was not possible to determine if he has since been released by provincial authorities. Forty-eight DO's remain incarcerated. Race and Education: Ninety percent of the DO's were Caucasian. Of the ten percent who were not, three were North American Indians and two were Black. The average DO had attained a grade ten education, with two having university level studies. Two others had only a grade three education. One of these two cases apparently received nothing but 'special classes' for the hearing impaired. Age: The mean age of the DO's now incarcerated was 35 with extremes ranging from 8 to 58. The mean in this case is fairly representative, as the mode is The mean age of the inmate at the time of his being declared a DO was 32 with extremes ranging from 6 to 52. In this case it is important to note that the mode is 26. Those who are now classified as DO's had a mean age of 2 (mode = 8) 0

18 at the time of their first adult conviction, with extremes of 5 and 36. Incarceration Information: For 5 subjects (29 percent) their first federal incarceration was one of indeterminate length. The inmate who was sentenced to a definite term of ten years was also serving his first penitentiary term. For four subjects in the sample (seven percent) it was their first incarceration ever, and two of these four were first offenders with no prior convictions whatsoever. The most previous convictions any DO had on record was 29, the mean being 8.3 and the mode 2. It appears that there is, as would be expected, an apparent relationship between age and number of previous convictions. Of the 6 subjects who were 25 or under, two had one or fewer convictions, whereas the remainder, 4, had two or more. All but one of the 38 inmates over 25 had two or more previous convictions. The longest previous sentence served was 20 years. One inmate serving a life sentence for second degree murder was subsequently declared to be a DO on a new and unrelated offence of attempted murder and rape. A DO had previously spent a mean period of 47 months or approximately four years in provincial custody, the mode being exactly two years. The provincial time, on the average, was served throughout three separate incarcerations. In addition, the DO's had been processed through the federal system usually only once before for an average of 50 months or a little over four years. Extremes ranged from zero months to 28 years. This brought the mean number of total times the DO's had been incarcerated to four, for approximately 76 months or six years. Use of the Legislation: Figure shows Canada's application of DO

19 ] 0 [ h 9d2 b83 A84 Figure : Canada's use of Dangerous Offender legislation through the years from 977 until 985 (full years only) Note: For four convictions, year unknown o 3 MI OM 3 ARM MS NB en MI MI MI OM MN

20 legislation by year. No use was made of the special provisions in 977, the year they were proclaimed. This is probably because they were not brought in until mid-october of that year. In 978 the legislation was resorted to three times and there has been a steady increase since then with some fluctuations. It is evident from Table that Ontario had made the most use of the provisions, for a total of 2 times, with British Columbia rating second with respect to frequency, for a total of 3 times. To date, Alberta had declared seven persons to be dangerous, and Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan and New Brunswick, had applied the DO label to three, two and one person(s) respectively. Of the provinces that had never used the legislation (Manitoba, Quebec, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland) Quebec is the most noteworthy, in that, with its large population, it has never felt the need to resort to such measures. The reader will note with some interest that B.C. has in recent years (983, 984) increased its use of the Part XXI provisions. It is hard not to wonder whether, if this trend continues, B.C. will again employ the indeterminate detention measures on a greater scale than the other provinces (see Jackson, 982 and Greenland 984 documented above). Of the current total Canadian DO population, 33 (65 percent) were, at the time of the study incarcerated within the Ontario Region. The bulk of those 33 were being held in Kingston Penetentiary (K.P.). This facility offers protective custody and receives large numbers of sex offenders and inmates requiring special status (i.e.: informants). 0 The Prairie Region housed 3 (25 percent) of the inmates, British Columbia four, or eight percent, and one inmate was in the Atlantic Region. 3

21 Table : Provincial use of Dangerous Offender legislation yearly since enactment in 977 until June _. YEAR BC ALTA SASK MAN ONT QUE NB NS PEI NFLD MISSING TOTAL MISSING TOTAL _ 5 MI MS Mel Mal all Mil IMP MI OM MI UM

22 Offence Data: The major offences which led to the sentencing of the inmates as DO's are categorized as shown in Table 2. It is entirely evident from this table that the bulk of offences were sexual offences. Figure 2 represents the total number of sex offenders who were declared to be dangerous over the full years from 978 through 984. (Not shown in Figure 2 is one case in 985 who was declared vel dangerous on a sex offence.) It is clear that sex offenders that were declared DO's outnumbered their non-sex offender counterparts yearly. There appears to be no difference between those whose index offence was sexually related versus those whose index offence was not, in their number of previous convictions for a similar offence, a criterion specified in Part XXI (s.688.(a)(i)). In 22 cases (43 percent) the index offence consisted of a single conviction for a single offence. There was one exceptional case at the other extreme where the DO application was sought after the subject had been convicted of ten sexual offences occurring in a period of seven months. These together led to an indeterminate w-e sentence. A mean of two convictions we",r,é obtained for the index offence or offences prompting the DO application. Table 3 shows the most serious previous offence committed by each of the DO's (based on length of sentence imposed). It will be seen that this closely parallels the information contained in Table 2 supporting the idea that DO's do, as would be expected, show a "pattern of repetitive behaviour". Release: One DO had been released to provincial custody, his indeterminate sentence having been quashed by court order. The other 5

23 Table 2: Type of Index Offence for the DO Population Type of Index Offence No. % Sexual ôffences Other offences against the person: '9 8 - attempted murder (2) - choking/struggling () - causing bodily harm to wound (5) - kidnap/confine () Robbery 2 Arson 2 Property offences 2 4 Data missing 3 6 6

24 K E Y : Sex offenders F77: Non-sex offenders ' Figure 2: Number of sex offenders versus non-sex offenders delared DO's yearly since.enactment of Part XXI from 977 until 985 (full years only). Note: One sex offence, year unknown One non-sex offence, year unknown In 978, 98 & 983, three convictions, offence type unknown

25 Table 3: Type of Most Serious Previous Offence for the DO Population Type of Most Serious Previous Offence No. % Sexual offences Other offences against the person: common assaults ( 3 ) - wounding () - manslaughter (2) - kidnap (4) Armed robbery 2 Property Offences 2 4 Impaired driving 2 Unlawfully at large (U AL) 2 Data missing 3 6 8

26 DO no longer incarcerated was the only female ever to have been declared dangerous. She too was provincially sentenced and had been released (in July 985). 2 Other Major Findings and Discussion Conditional Release: The present study identified 9, or 4 percent, of cases who were on some kind of formal release program at the time of the index offence. This is in accord with Mackay's finding (983, p.55) which claims that in the 'majority' of cases, the offences which led to the DO application were committed while the offender was on a formal release program. 3 No DO has yet been granted any form of parole, one having been interviewed by the Board as many as five times. Extensive and detailed review of individual and institutional files in Ontario and B.C. showed that a few inmates had been granted escorted temporary absences (ETA's) to attend funerals and the like. There is no record of any unescorted temporary absences (UTA's) having been granted to anyone. The obligation of the NPB to review the case of each DO three years after the day on which he was taken into custody and every two years thereafter (s.695..()) is a safeguard that is built into the legislation, in that it ensures the release of the subject, as soon as, he no longer poses a threat to society (Parole Act, 970, s.0). Under s.0 of the existing Act (Parole Act, 970), the onus is on the prisoner to persuade the Board that he is deserving of parole. The Board must be satisfied that: ) in the case of a grant of parole other than day parole, the inmate has derived the maximum benefit from imprisonment, 2) the reform and rehabilitation of the inmate will be aided by 9

27 the granting of parole, and 3) the release of the inmate on parole would not constitute an undue risk to society. That these hard-to-define factors are actually the only guidelines adhered to when the Board does review a case is evident from the reasons it gives for denying parole. Studies of the files showed that, invariably, the reasons stated for recommending 'parole refusal' fell into one of the following broad categories: ) the inmate has not derived the maximum benefit from imprisonment, 2) the inmate is in need of the rehabilitative services provided within the penitentiary system, 3) the inmate has no release plans and therefore release on parole would be risky. 4 Appeals: Where information is available regarding appeals, they were either dismissed or abandoned except in three cases. In two cases, the appeal was upheld on all but one of the convictions related to the index offence, the net result being that the subject's status of being incarcerated for an indeterminate time remained unchanged. It is precisely such decisions that make the third Saskatchewan case, where the indeterminate sentence was quashed by court order, of special interest. Institutional Management: As previously noted by Berzins (983,p.25) the present study confirms the finding that those who were designated as dangerous by the Court do not necessarily present management problems within the correctional institutions. Never has the need arisen to place a DO in a Special Handling Unit (SHU). Very few are subject to institutional discipline. Those who are disciplined receive punishments rarely and usually for minor infractions (i.e.: 20

28 abusive language). Two of the subjects had incurred 23 and 26 institutional charges respectively, for infractions of a relatively serious nature (i.e.: threatened correctional officer, attempted to escape, fighting, etc.). In light of the fact that criminality seemingly abates with age (Price & Gold, 976, p.6, 9) it is interesting to note that the above subjects are the two youngest DO's. No doubt this general principle is just as valid among the inmate population as it is in the population at large. Visible Abnormalities: The Berzins' report (983, p.9) emphasizes the fact that, with the exception of two or three cases, of the then 32 DO's, the group was characterized by individuals who belong to a "visible minority". It is true that among the present group there is one deaf-mute, one mentally retarded subject, two epileptics and one with chromosomal aberration, accounting for ten percent of the current DO's. There was little in the files that suggested that this could have been a contributing factor to their present predicament. Further, Berzins (983, p.8) claims that several had a history of learning disabilities and perceptual and verbal handicaps. The present research was unable to identify those factors. Very generally, the recent work of Koopman (985, p.34) has not found strong evidence that the DO population is especially cognitively disabled. Berzins (983, pp.8-9) also described some DO's as having an unusual physical appearance or bizarre deportment. Koopman (985, p.4) who had the opportunity to interview almost all of these inmates finds some support for Berzins' contention. Although the present author was unable to meet members of the sample, she did not form the same impression as Berzins and Koopman. Photographs of most 2

29 inmates were available to the author. It was her view that if passed on the street, they would not elicit a second glance. It is quite evident that research on physical appearance is greatly needed. A Pattern of Repetitive Behaviour Section 688(a)(ii) requires evidence of "a pattern of persistent aggressive behaviour.of which the offence for which he has been convicted forms a part" of that pattern. It appears that this element of "a pattern of repetitive behaviour" can be established on the basis of only two incidents. Further, one of those incidents may be the offence for which the sentence of indeterminate detention is sought (R. v. Langevin, 984 at 705). This explanation justifies the finding that in 32 percent of the cases, the subject had only been convicted of one previous offence. The pattern of repetitive behaviour is not strictly based on the number of offences, but also on the similarity between the accused's past and present behaviour (R. v. Langevin, 984 at 705). In four cases (eight percent), the inmates did not hold any convictions for identical offences. Upon verification of these four cases though, it was found that one prisoner found dangerous on the basis of a sex offence had three unrelated previous convictions - two for impaired driving and one for failing to remain at the scene of an accident. Yet an indeterminate sentence was successfully imposed for the sexual offence. In the other two instances, the similarity component is also questionable. The closest thing to the index offence involving rape and forcible confinement were.convictions for threatening messages and possession of a weapon. Unless court transcripts are made available, it is with great difficulty that one can believe that these persons 22

30 are not being arbitrarily selected. In the next example, the index offence consisted of an attempted murder, with two previous convictions of break and enter with intent and armed robbery. The final case captures the essence of the 'similarity' component much better. In this instance a sexual assault causing bodily harm which led to the DO sentence was preceded by an assault. First Offenders: Where there is evidence establishing that the offence was "of such a brutal nature" (s.688.(a)(iii)) as to compel the conclusion that future behaviour is unlikely to be inhibited by normal standards of behavioural restraint, preventive detention is warranted. These situations need not revolve around circumstances of stark horror. Conduct which is coarse, savage and cruel is deemed sufficiently "brutal" to meet the test (R. v. Langevin, 984, at 78). Among the present sample, two subjects were first offenders. In the first instance, the subject broke into his brother's home, threatened his sister-in-law with a loaded gun and a knife and sexually assaulted her. Though this was his first adult conviction, it is hard to imagine that the Court did not consider his juvenile record (as it repeatedly came up in his files to stress his 'dangerousness'). This history consisted of shooting a skater in the arm; terrorizing an elderly woman who worked in a group home where he was staying by threatening her with a loaded gun, a knife and a bayonet pointing a loaded gun at a man; and throwing a cat into an oncoming train. If the index offence was considered in isolation, the use of special provisions, under the "of such a brutal nature" clause is questionable However, this subject clearly shows a "pattern of repetitive aggressive behaviour". It is impossible to determine which 23

31 route the Court took as transcripts were unavailable. The circumstances of the second case involve an individual who was convicted on five counts of willfully setting fire, thereby causing actual danger to the lives of the occupants of the dwelling. His problem was that he always felt inferior and was disappointed in himself. He therefore always telephoned police prior to his arson escapades and, by managing to elude the authorities, felt he was actually doing something in his life. Further, he never really 'thought' about potential harm to his victims. His 'therapy' within the penitentiary consisted of attending the arsonists programme. Though the author is unfamliar with the contents of the programme, the impression from the files was that it was unlikely to overcome his seemingly deep-rooted psychological problems. With respect to this subject, it is doubtful that the imposition of an indeterminate sentence will accomplish anything more than would the allowable 4 year maximum available through s.389.(i)(a) with regards to arson, especially if the 'one-shot' arson program is the only treatment this subject will receive. Points of Interest An issue which surfaces twice within the 5 cases, and is therefore deserving of attention, is one where the subject maintains his innocence. In a case from the Pacific Region the inmate was convicted on five separate counts related to sexual assault. The subject openly admitted to four of the offences, but maintained his innocence on the fifth count. Nevertheless he was sentenced to an indeterminate period of detention on all five counts respectively. 5 The second case comes from within the Ontario region and the 24

32 individual in question, after adamantly maintaining his innocence, was convicted of second degree murder, on evidence that questionably met the criteria of "proof beyond a reasonable doubt". He received a life sentence. The subject had only one previous conviction for which he received a non-incarceral sentence. Approximately 8 months into the life sentence, while incarcerated he was convicted of yet an additional two charges (unrelated to the second degree murder). The offence was alleged to consist of attempted murder and rape - both counts which he insists he is innocent of. Nevertheless, for the rape he received an eight year term and for the attempted murder was found to be a DO and sentenced to an indefinite period of detention. The justification used by the Court in this case was made with reference to a part of s.688.(a)(ii). It was apparently claimed that by maintaining his innocence, the offender was "showing a substantial degree of indifference...as to the reasonably foreseeable consequences to other persons of his behaviour." The evidence produced in these two counts raises doubts whether proof actually was obtained beyond a reasonable doubt and raises the question of whether the criminal justice system uses scapegoats to tpeir own ends. That issue, however, is beyond the scope of this paper. Cstudy of these particular transcripts would probably prove illuminating. 6 General Discussion The Legislation: Purpose and Actuality: When the abolishment of capital punishment was being considered, the Canadian Government's Peace and Security programme introduced the 25

33 current DO legislation in response to an outcry for tougher measures to deal with the increasing dangers of violent crime (Petrunik, 982, p.242): "In Canada...police and correctional employee associations were powerful influences in shaping the nature of the entire 'Peace and Security package', of which the dangerous offender measure was a part. Arguing that they faced great and increasing dangers in dealing with violent criminals, these groups called for tough measures such as capital punishment to protect both themselves and the public..." It can be presumed however, that the whole point of proposing such legislation was to be able to incapacitate certain individuals indefinitely and so avoid the moral quandries associated with the death penalty. The special provisions can in some respects be considered to be an alternative to the death penalty with the advantage of the end result being reversible. Such reasoning raises several questions. Why was judicial discretion granted with regards to length of sentence imposed? When considering the maximum penalties available through the Code, as in the case of those imposed upon the two DO's who were sentenced to ten and 4 years, it can be argued that they will be incapacitated for a long time. However, sentencing someone to two years less a day, as in the case of the female DO seems to defeat the purpose of having had her declared a DO. The special provisions were enacted with the primary aim of protec -t.ing the public (Ouimet, 969, p.24). It is hard not to wonder how protected the public feels now that she has been released - a mere six months after her appeal was heard, (since the sentence commenced the day of arrest). The same applies to the Saskatchewan case, who, by being released to provincial authorities 26

34 was guaranteed a sentence of less than two years. If the purpose of the legislation is selective incapacitation, the 'safeguard' that is built into the legislation (review for parole at two year intervals following the initial three year review (s.695.(i)), needs to be examined. There is a discrepancy between the seeming overall aim of the provisions (public protection (Ouimet 969, p.88)) and the fact that the offender could at least in theory, be released after only serving 3 years. 7 Price and Gold (976, p.92) stated that those serving time under an indeterminate sentence are unlikely to get paroled in the early stages of their confinement. They point out that by the very nature of the 'gravity of the offence' leading to the DO sentence, the subject is most unlikely to get a favourable recommendation for release in the early stages of his confinement (Price & Gold 976, p.92). It seems then, that this notion of parole eligibility after three years is simply used to appease the offender and perhaps to assure some interest groups that DO's receive fair treatment. The 977 DO Provisions in Practice: As was noted, 35 of the 5 offences (69 percent of the cases) leading to a DO hearing were sexually related. It may be that the reason the legislation still captures so many sex offenders is that there is a unique section reserved for them (s.688.(b)). Since the new DO legislation encompasses the "old' DSO provisions to a large extent, it is perhaps natural for the Courts to continue using this type of 'morally outragious' offence as their focal point, as was the previous custom. While recording offence histories from the FPS sheets, the author noted that in well over 50 percent of the cases, the statement beside 27

35 the conviction leading to the indeterminate sentence read: "declared to be a dangerous sexual offender". It appears that a change in law has not contributed much to changing the authorities' perception of the offender. This is further supported by the fact that one member of the research team was mistakenly handed a DSO's file when he requested the DO files from that institution. It may also be that, to some extent at least, the post-977 DO provisions still capture some of the old HC-type offenders. Although it is certainly true that the new provisions require the individual to have committed a "serious personal injury offence" (s.688.(a)), it nonetheless seems that certain of the cases which form the substance of this report appear to be based on criminal acts which, though perhaps highly alarming in some instances, are not extremely serious. Perhaps, and this is sheer speculation, the Courts have difficulty in establishing the standard since the Code is rather generally worded. The Treatment Aspect: Though the primary purpose of preventive detention is the protection of society, rehabilitative treatment plays a secondary role (Ouimet 969, p.88; Webster et.al. 985, p.40). Where motivation for treatment under such a sentence is concerned, two differing opinions were evident from one case. Dr. Fleming, a psychiatrist who testified for the Crown, believes that the indeterminate sentence provides a better incentive for the subject to receive treatment as opposed to one of definite length (Re Moore and The Queen, 984 at 3). Dr. W. Hill in contrast, presents his case by explaining that those on whom an indefinite period of detention was imposed were generally kept in protective custody for years without any treatment and as a result they had little motivation 28

36 to change their attitudes or behaviour (Re Moore and The Queen, 984 at 3). To this extent he was of the opinion that definite sentences provided more "motivational possibilities". It is not the individual's "motivation for treatment" that seems to be the problem. From data gathered in the files, the general impression was reached that the subject's unwillingness to pursue treatment was more the exception than the rule. The obstacle to treatment emerges from within the way the system itself operates. One psychologist noted in a file to the effect that he would recommend treatment in the case if he knew it would, if successful, lead to liberty. This seems to fall more in line with Mr. Gold's submission (Re Moore and The Queen, 984 at 3) that the indeterminate sentence deprives the offender of therapeutic treatment leading to rehabilitation, thereby making it extremely difficult for someone who is serving an indeterminate sentence to secure his release. Case Examples It is appropriate at this point to present three cases representing varying degrees of violence in the triggering "offences against the person". Three cases of sexual assault are chosen in order that it be easier to compare and contrast on a "dangerousness" continuum. Case : The subject picked up a 20 year-old girl from a city street. They went to his apartment where they spent the evening over pizza and beer. He then made advances which she refused. He had forcible intercourse. Later he deposited her at a hostel. Initially, the victim was reluctant to disclose the occurrence. 29

37 Case 2: A girl left a school dance about one o'clock in the morning and was walking to her home two blocks away. The prisoner came up to her, put his arm around her, then picked her up in his arms. She started screaming. He put his hand over her mouth to prevent her from screaming and carried her across the ditch to a field. He removed her clothing and raped her. He heard people coming and left. The people dressed her and took her home. Case 3: During the course of a 'break and enter' the inmate raped and then attempted to murder a 2 year old girl. The girl was home alone from school, sick. He raped her at knife point, beat her on the head with a rolling pin and stabbed her in the stomach. He telephoned the police the next day, not identifying himself, but giving information as to where to find the 'supposedly' dead body. During an interview, he said he enjoyed doing it, that it was worth doing, and said he would do it again. Very few (fewer than five peuent) of the cases are comparable to the last one with respect to violence. A few more (perhaps 5 per cent) leave doubt as to how a DO finding was even justified, as in the first case. The majority, fall in the middle category, where the offence is neither extremely brutal nor especially unusual. This poses the fundamental question of why these people were singled out to have a dangerous offender application brought against them. In the third case, there can be no question that the public does not want this type of individual released, no matter how high a maximum is available through the Code. As per his own admission, this inmate's eventual release almost guarantees a re-enactment of a similar serious crime. In such cases, indeterminate detention may be 30

38 fully justified or, at the very least, it is hard to argue against the existence of Part XXI. Yet in the author's view this represents fewer than five per cent of the cases so detained. The other ninety-five could have been adequately dealt with under regular sentencing. There is a need more accurately to distinguish between the 'truly' dangerous offender, who poses an indefinite threat to others, and those whose behaviour would be sufficiently inhibited by normal standards of restraint. Conclusion The overriding criticism of the present DO legislation is that it does not reach the type of offender for whom it was specifically designed. Who constitutes a 'continuing danger' is more a matter of opinion than definition (Price & Gold, 976, p.83). In order that many non-dangerous persons not remain unjustly incarcerated for the sake of correctly capturing those who would be, the offences, the circumstances surrounding them, and the past behaviour of the offender need to be reassessed along more specific and restricted criteria. The Ouimet Report (969, p.24) states that the aim of preventive detention is not punishment, but one of simply removing an incorrigible offender from society for an extended period of time. It is difficult to reconcile this statement with the fact that a first offender can be captured under the "of such a brutal nature" clause. Furthermore, how can the 'brutality' of an offence compel the conclusion that the particular behaviour is unlikely to be inhibited by normal standards of behavioural restraint. There is no literature which shows a correlation between the gravity of an offence and the likelihood or frequency with which it reoccurs. 3

39 There is a definite need to retain special measures for those who clearly pose an indisputable danger to society, but much more caution must be exercised with regards to its use. A revision of certain aspects of the legislation is indispensible if its continued use is to attain its primary goal and to avoid the unfair incarceration of some Canadians. The present study was able only to compare the current DO's amongst themselves. It is urgently necessary to establish that, on the basis of prior record and/or presumed potential for violent conduct, the group of prisoners now designated as DO's is in fact more risky than other groups within the Correctional Services of Canada or mental health systems. This will mean creating much needed contrast groups. Fortunately a step in this direction has already been taken (see Koopman, 985). Much more work of the nature is needed. Lists of previous offences, obtained from scrutinizing the Part XXI application material could be rated for 'seriousness' or 'dangerousness' by uninvolved coders and then compared to descriptive data on large numbers of federal prisoners convicted of a variety of offences against the person. Contrast groups could be created from men subjected to SHU's and also a group of patients under WLG's. Finally, in order fully to justify indeterminate detention, there remains a need to do a long-term comparison study between, for example, Ontario, B.C. and Quebec samples, of offenders with similar histories, but who received differing dispositions. As for many that are now facing this type of incapacitation, the question remains: "If there is no need to travel this thorny road, why begin? (Radzinowicz and Hood (98, p.756) 32

40 Footnotes. A "serious personal injury offence" as defined in s.687 means: a) an indictable offence (other than high treason, treason, first degree-murder or second degree murder) involving (i) the use or attempted use of violence against another person, or (ii) conduct endangering or likely to endanger the life or safety of another person or inflicting or likely to inflict severe psychological damage upon another person, and for which the offender may be sentenced to imprisonment for ten years or more, or b) an offence or an attempt to commit an offence mentioned in section 246. (sexual assault), (sexual assault with a weapon, threats to a third party or causing bodily harm) or (aggravated sexual assault) , c.53, s.4; , c.25, s Koopman acknowledges that her contrast group was not ideally matched to the DO sample. Relevant details are given on p. 5 of the report. (li 3. Upon perusal of the protocol and coding manual, the reader will note that both are more complex and detailed than the present study necessitated. These instruments were constructed with future projects in mind. It should therefore be clear that not all data collected were incorporated. The raw data remains on secure file at the Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto. 4. The reason this factor surfaced as being one of importance is that the author actually had a chance to have some informal conversations with such persons concerning some of the inmates. As a result of these discussions it became clear that the author might well have formed impressions quite different from those gained from a strict file review. The best example stems from a case where it seemed really questionable as to why a DO application was successful. From the files it appeared that the inmate dated some girls, and after both had consumed large quantities of alcohol (either at a bar or at his place, after the girl had voluntarily accompanied him) he would make some advances which the girl would thwart off. The inmate would then have 'forcible' intercourse. There was never any mention of violence, fear or trauma that the victim may have experienced. However, upon talking to a psychologist who was once involved in the case, it became apparent that this particular inmate was manipulative, exploitive and had delusional ideas about the role of women. The inmate believed that women ought to provide the best of both worlds; they ought to be'"good" and "respectable" yet be there for him to use as he pleased. Nowhere in any of this inmate's files was there the slightest indication of such aberrant thinking. It was said that it was difficult to put forth the essence of such behaviour on paper. 33

41 5. There would, for example, be a covering letter referring to some supposedly-attached document such as a psychological report, which was not in fact appended. Upon inquiring as to the whereabouts of these 'attached' documents the researcher might be told that "they are probably sitting in some doctor's files in his office". Although this state of affairs clearly impeded the research, the more important point is that it must detract from routine case management. 6. Where one file had a pre-sentence report, others did not. Some files had a great deal of victim information, others emphasized the mental state of the subject. And so it was for most of the variables listed in the protocol (Appendix B). Even the FPS sheets were missing in several cases. For these reasons, it is extremely difficult to do any kind of sophisticated analysis on inmates detained under Part XXI. 7. Another cdmment which the author wishes to make concerns simple housekeeping. In many of the files, there were copies upon copies (as many as six or seven) of exactly the same document(s). Further, the chronological order in which the documents were filed left much to be desired. This seems to indicate a lack of organizational coordination. 8. In one case the files were in court, and in another they were en route to the institution that the researcher had just come from. Had it been known at the time that the files were not available on particular days, the visit could have been postponed. Since a return to the institution was not feasible, the data in these cases remains incomplete. 9. The more surprising factor was that no one seemed to know where, or even if there was any more information on that person. To the author it seemed that it had become 'untraceable% 0. Of the Ontario DO inmates not incarcerated at K.P., four were housed in Warkworth Institute, two were at the Kingston Treatment Centre and two others were at Millhaven. The deceased inmate had also been at Millhaven. One prisoner was at Penetang.. Due to the fact that the subject had been released from federal authority, his files had been sent to archives in Ottawa. However, upon request of these same files very scant information was obtained. Not even an FPS sheet was available, and there was absolutely no mention of the index offence or that the subject had ever been declared a DO. The fact that there is no reference of the inmate ever having been declared a DO is of special interest, as an Appellate Court is only empowered to quash a sentence of indeterminate detention, but not the finding of 'dangerous offencer' (R. v. Langevin, 984 at 705). There was only a statement that he had previously been convicted on several rape charges and a suggestion that the last offence which prompted the DO hearing was also of a sexual nature. 34

42 2. Having been federally incarcerated on previous convictions, her files had also been sent to archives. Only selected information was made available to the researcher. Though an FPS sheet was included, unlike the other DO's there was absolutely no mention of her index offence or of the fact that she had been declared a DO. The author favours the idea that only selected information is made available because she attended the appeal in January 985. It seems ironic that there is no mention of the declaration of dangerousness in the Ottawa files, as that was the key issue at the hearing. The appeal was a result of the judge having stated that though the inmate satisfied the criteria to be declared a DO, he erred in deciding to use his discretionary power and not declare her to be one. 3. In one instance the index offence was committed while the inmate was out on bail awaiting trial on charges of sexually attacking two teenagers and a young woman. His index offence was also sexually related. 4. Mr. David Cole, a prisoners' rights lawyer in Toronto, advocates that a concept known as "presumptive cascading" be introduced (Cole, 985, p.3). Presumptive cascading means that when a prisoner becomes eligible, he shall be granted parole, unless the penal authorities can show cause why it should be denied, based on information such as institutional behaviour psychological reports, etc.). a 5. The importance of this subject's declaration of innocence on the fifth count may be easily shrugged off as he was a convicted rapist anyways. So be it. However, the fact remains that if such is the case, there is an individual at large who is a threat to the safety of others. The intriguing question is, why would this offender insist on his innocence on the fifth count only, if it were not true? What did he have to lose in admitting to the fifth offence after having admitted to the other four? It seems to have been a matter of principle with the inmate. Perhaps too the prosecution achieved some benefits from being able to assure the public that it was being protected from whomever committed that fifth assault. In this case, therefore, one individual is rightly imprisoned and one that ought to be, is not. 6. The first question which must be addressed stems from section 687(a) of the Criminal Code which clearly specifies that a DO application can only be launched for an indictable offence other than high treason, treason, first degree murder or second degree murder, and must be brought after conviction and before sentencing (s.688). Is it therefore fair to bring about a DO application against an individual and sentence him to an indefinite period while he is already serving a life sentence for second degree murder? The problem arises when one considers section 695. in reference to review for parole. According to this section under Part XXI, anyone sentenced under the DO legislation to an indeterminate period of detention is eligible for review by the National Parole Board, to determine whether he should be granted parole, three years from the day on which that person was taken it 35

43 into custody and every two years thereafter. This section automatically becomes obsolete in the above case were the subject must serve at least ten years of his life sentence before being eligible for parole (s.699.(b)). This is one of the issues that will be debated in the Supreme Court of Canada in October 985 on behalf of this subject. 7. The Federal Government in 984 appeared to recognize this anomoly and proposed in a draft Bill (C-9) that the first review should not take place until the inmate had served ten years. 36

44 Reference List I Berzins,L. A study of the dangerous offender legislation: October March 983. Ottawa: Policy Branch (Corrections), Headquarters, 983. Blishen, B. R" & McRoberts, H. A. A revised socio-economic index for occupations in Canada. The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 976, 3(), Cole, D. unpublished manuscript. Toronto, 985. Criminal Law Ammendment Act. 977, S. C , C.53, S.4. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM III), 3rd edition. Washington, D. C.: American Psychiatric Association, 980. Griffiths, C. T., Klein, J. F., & Verdun-Jones, S. N. Criminal justice in Canada: An introductory text. Toronto: Butterworths, 980. Greenland, C. Dangerous sexual offender legislation in Canada, : An experiment that failed. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 984, 26., -2. Jackson, M. Sentences that never end: the report of the habitual criminal study. (Unpublished report) Vancouver: Faculty of Law, University of British Columbia, 982. Koopman, P. R. S. The dangerous offenders in Canada: A case study. Report for the Solicitor General of Canada, The University of British Columbia, 985. Lyon-Caen in debray, L. Travail sociale et delinquance. Bruxelles: l'institut de Sociologie, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 967. Mackay, D. C. Dangerous offenders in Ontario : Making the decision to proceed. (Unpublished dissertation) Toronto: Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto, 983. Mashman, R. C. The effect of physical attractiveness on the perception of attitude similarity. Journal of Social Psychology, 978, 06, 03. McRuer, J. D. (Chairman) Royal Commission on the criminal law relating to criminal sexual psychopaths. (The McRuer report) Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 958. Mewett, A. W., & Manning, M..Criminal law Toronto: Butterworths, Offender Information System (OIS). Ottawa: Canada, Headquarters, 985. Correctional Service of 37

45 Ouimet Report. Report of the Canadian Committee on Corrections. Toward unity: Criminal justice and corrections. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 969. Parole Act. Revised Statutes Canada. 970, Chap. P-2, as amended , C.53. Petrunik, M. The politics of dangerousness. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 982, 5, Price, R. R" & Gold, A. D. Legal controls for the dangerous offender. Studies on imprisonment. Law Reform Commission of Canada, 976. Radzinowicz, L., & Hood, R. Dangerousness and criminal justice: A few reflections. The Criminal Law Review, 98, 756. The Criminal Code. Revised Statutes Canada 970, Chap. C-34, Part XXI, as amended 977. Webster, C., Dickens, B., & Addario, S. Constructing dangerousness: Scientific, legal and policy implications. Toronto: Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto,

46 List of Cases R. v. Langevin 984, R. (2d) 705. Re Moore and The Queen, 984,45, 0. R. (2d)3, 0 C. C. C. (3d)

47 Bibliography Antunes, G., & Hunt, A. C. The impact of certainty and severity of punishment on levels of crime in American States: An extended analysis. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 973, 64,4, Bill C-9 The House of Commons of Canada, Second Session, thirtysecond Parliament, Elizabeth II, First reading, February 7, 984. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Part I of the Constitution Act, 982, as amended 984. dibeccaria, C. On crimes and punishments. (H. Paolucci, Ed. and trans.) Indianapolis: Bobbsmerill, 963. Ericson, R. V., & Baranek, P. M. The ordering of justice: A study of accused persons as dependants in the criminal process. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto, 982. Fattah, E. A. Deterence: A review of the literature. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Corrections, 977, 9, -2, -9. Fitzgerald, M., McLennan, G., & Pawson, J. (eds.), Crime and society. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 98. Foucault, M. About the concept of the 'dangerous individual' in 9th century legal psychiatry. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 978,, -9. Foucault, M. Discipline and punish. New York: Vantage Books, 979. Gibbons, D. C. Changing the lawbreaker: The treatment of delinquents and criminals. New Jersey: Allanheld, Osum & Co. Publishers Inc., 98. Greenland, C. 'Dangerous sexual offenders in Canada'. imprisonment. Law Reform Commission of Canada, 976. Studies on Hinton, J. W. Dangerousness: Problems of assessment and prediction. London: George Allen and Unwin (Pub.) Ltd., 983. Hogarth, J. Sentencing as a human process. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto, 974. Jackson, M. Prisoners of isolation Solitary confinement in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 983. Law Reform Commission of Canada. Imprisonment and release. Working Paper, Information Canada,

48 McCabe, W. The handling of the inmate designated "particularly dangerous". Ontario: Correctional Services Canada, 983. Mewett, A. W. Habitual criminal legislation under the criminal code. 39 Bar Review, 96, 42, Moore, M. H., Estrich, S. R" McGillis, D" & Spelman, W. Dangerous offenders: The elusive target of justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 984. Monahan, J. Dangerous offenders: A critique of Kozol et al. Crime and Delinquency, 973, 9, Palmer, W. R. T. Programming for long-term inmates: A new perspective. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 984, 26,4, Rusche, G., & Kircheimer, O. Punishment and social structure. New York: International Institute of Social Research, 939, Salhany, R. E. Canadian criminal procedure (4th ed.). Canada Law Book Inc., 984. Aurora, Ont.: Sleffel, L. The law and the dangerous criminal. Toronto: Lexington Books, 977. Sutherland, E. H. & Cressey, D. R. Principles of criminology. Philadelphia: J. B. Linppincott, 966. Tittle, C. R. Crimes rates and legal sanctions. Social Problems, 969, 6, Tullock, G. The deterrence of crime. The Public Interest, 974, suer, 03-. Webster, C" & Dickens, B. Deciding dangerousness: Policy alternatives for dangerous offenders. Toronto: Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto, 983. Wilson, J. Q. Thinking about crime. New York: Vintage Books, 975. Zellick, G. Prisoners' rights Vol. I: Introductory materials. Toronto: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto,

49 Appendix A PART XXI

50 n PARTS XX->OCI SECTIONS Whole or in part, of a pecuniary penalty, fine or forfeiture imposed under an Act of the Parliament of Canada, whoever the person may be to whom it is payable or however it may be recoverable. (2) An order for remission under subsection () may include the i.emission of costs incurred in the proceedings, but no costs to which a private prosecutor is entitled shall be remitted , c. 5, s ROYAL PREROGATIVE Nothing in this Act in any manner limits or affects Her Majesty's royal prerogative of mercy , c. 5, s PART XXI DANGEROUS OFFENDERS NOTE: This Part was substituted for old Part XXI by the Criminal Amendment Act, 977 (976-77, c. 53, s. 4). The provisions were proclaimed in force October 6, 977. Transitional provisions. Section 5 () and (2).of the Criminel Law Amendment Act, 977 (976-77, c. 53), in force August 5, 977 provide as follows: "5. () Where, on the day that section 4 comes into force, an application is pending before a court urider Part XXI of the Crimina/ Code for the preventive detention of a cilmgerous sexual offender or an habitual criminal within the meaning of that Part as it read immediately before that day, all proceedings thereon shall be continued and disposed of in all respects as if section 4 had not been enacted. (2) Sections 693 to 695 of the Crimina/ Code, as enacted by section 4 apply to a person who, before the coming into force of that section, was sentenced to preventive detention under Part XXI of the Criminal Code as if the references in those sections to "a sentence of detention in a penitentiary for an indeterminate period" were references to "a sentence of preventive detention"." Interpretation DEFINITIONS "court" "serious personal injury offence" In this Part, "court" means the court by which an offender in relation to whom an application under this Part is made was convicted, or a superior court of criminal jurisdiction; "serious personal injury offence" means (a) an indictable offence (other than high treason, treason, first degree murder or second degree murder) involving (i) the use or attempted use of violence against another person, or

51 74 A C RileA Lie E, Section 687 continued (ii) conduct endangering or likely to endanger the life or safety of another person or inflicting or likely to in flict severe psychological damage upon another person, and for which the offender may be sentenced to imprisonment for ten years or more, or (b) an offence or attempt to commit an offence mentioned in section 246. (sexual assault), (sexual assault with a weapon, threats to a third party or causing bodily harm) or (aggravated sexual assault) , c. 53, 3. 4; , c. 25, Dangerous Offenders APPLICATION for finding Where, upon an application made under this Part following the conviction of a person for an offence but before the offender is sentenced therefor, it is established to the satisfaction of the court (a) that the offence for which the offender has been convicted is a serious personal injury offence described in paragraph (a) of the definition of that expression in section 687 and the offender constitutes a threat to the life, safety or physical or mental well-being of other persons on the basis of evidence establishing (i) a pattern of repetitive behaviour by the offender, of which the offence for which he has been convicted forms a part, showing a 'failure to restrain his behaviour and a likelihood of his 'causing death or injury to other per. sous, or inflicting severe psychological damage upon other persons, through failure in the future to restrain his behaviour, (ii) a pattern of persistent aggressive behaviour by the offender, of which the offence for which he has been convicted forms a part, showing a substantial degree of indifference on the part of the offender as to the reasonably foreseeable consequences to other persons of his behaviour, or (iii) any behaviour by the offender, associated with the offence for which he has been convicted, that is of such a brutal nature as to compel the conclusion that his behaviour in the future is unlikely to be inhibited by normal standards of behavioural restraint, or (b) that the offence for which the offender has been convicted is a serious personal injury offence described in paragraph (b) of the definition of that expression in section 687 and the offender, by his conduct in any sexual matter including that involved in the commission of the offence for which he has been convicted, has shown a failure to control his sexual impulses and a likelihood of his causing injury, pain or other evil to other persons through failure in the future to control his sexual impulses, ale PART XXI SECTION ihe court may find the offender to be a dangerous offender and may thereupon impose a sentence of detention in a penitentiary for an indeterminate period, in lieu of any other sentence that might be imposed for the offence for which the offender has been convicted , c. 53, s. 4. Para. (b). It was held in R. v. ROESTAD (97), 5 C.C.C. (2d) 564, 9 C.R.N.S. 90 (Ont. Co. Ct.) considering the former s. 687 which was in substantially the same language that the words "other evil" are not necessarily related to injury and pain and accordingly damage caused by an accused to the morals of children which could lead them to male prostitution or some other form of exploitive behaviour is a form of that evil. In another case under the former provisions, which also involved a homosexual pedophile, it was held that "evil" in the context of the young male victims must be taken to mean evil consequent on the commission of any offence within the category of offences such as gross indecency, which do not necessarily involve violence as a constituent element. In this case although the accused had not permanently harmed any of the boys in the past there was evidence from which the trial Judge could find that evil would likely be caused to a young boy by subjection to such experiences: R. v. DWYER (977), 34 C.C.C. (2d) 293, [977] 2 W.W.R. 704 (Alta. S.C. App. Div.). In R. v. KNIGHT (975), 27 C.C.C. (2d) (Ont. H.C.J.) the psychiatrists were shown certain police reports as to other offences allegedly committed by the offender. However, no evidence was led as to those other offences. The Court held that it cjould not rely on the psychiatrists' evaluation of what factual inference should be drawn from the reports, for it is not within their area of competence to make such findings, and even if it were, those facts would have to be independently proved before the Court could rely on any consequent opinion based on inferences drawn therefrom. In this case the application was dismissed as one psychiatrist was unable to give an opinion on the future likelihood without taking into account data of which the Court could not take cognizance and the other psychiatrist may have been influenced by that information in forming his opinion. In the result, the Crown had not met the burden of proof. Specifically, with respect to the burden of proof of likelihood, His Lordship held that proof beyond a reasonable doubt is not required since in the nature of things that would be impossible in almost every case but His Lordship stated "I do refer to the quality and strength of the evidence of past and present facts together with the expert opinion thereon, as an existing basis for finding present likelihood of future conduct". At a hearing the Court may consider evidence of another sexual offence for which the accused was not convicted, and also may accept expert evidence of psychiatrists who, in lieu of personally examining the accused, formed their opinions on the basis of medical reports and observance at the accused's recent trial: R. v. KANESTER, [968] C.C.C.35I (B.C.C.A.). Two psychiatrists conducting their examinations of the accused at the same time through one interpreter, who was not called as a witness, all

52 Mt 76 / AMPS C. NA MID E, 984 MI SIMI MI WM Olt MIR OM PART XXI SECTIONS Section 688 continued was on its particular facts, upheld in R. v. BINETTE, [965] 3 C.C.C. 26 (B.C.C.A.). While previous convictions for sexual offences is relevant evidence the accused must be permitted to adduce evidence of the circumstances of those convictions to show that they were not the result of his failure to control his sexual impulses: R. v. DAWSON, [970] 3 C.C.C.22, 8 C.R.N.S.395 (B.C.C.A.). The burden on the Crown is to establish beyond a reasonable doubt all the necessary elements contained in this section before the accused may be found to be a dangerous offender: R. v. JACKSON (98), 6 C.C.C. (2d) 540, 23 C.R. (3d) 4 (N.S.S.C. App. Div.). Even where the Judge finds that the accused is a dangerous offender he has a discretion whether or not to impose the sentence of indeterminate imprisonment: R. v. HALL (98), 63 C.C.C. (2d) 535, 6 Alta. L.R. 289 (C.A.), leave to appeal to S.C.C. refused March 5, 982; R. v. MILNE (982), 66 C.C.C. (2d) 544 (B.C.C.A.) ; R. v. CROSBY (982), C.C.C. (3d) 233 (Ont. C.A.). The Crown must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the past conduct of the accused is such that it gives rise to a likelihood of future injury to others. Thus the prospects of treatment or a cure are irrelevant to the initial determination of whether the accused is a dangerous offender but are relevant to the exercise of the Judge's discretion whether or not to impose the sentence of indeterminate imprisonment: R. v. CARLETON (98), 69 C.G.C. (2d), 23 C.R. (3d) 29, 98 6 W.W.R. 48 (Alta. C.A.), affd 6 C.C.C. (3di 480, 36 C.R. (3d) 393n (S.C.C.) (7:0). A definite sentence of imprisonment may not be made consecutive to a sentence of indeterminate detention imposed under this Part: R. v. MARTIN (982), 65 C.C.C. (2d) 376 (Que. C.A.). The imposition of a sentence of indeterminate detention is not contrary to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees against arbitrary detention or imprisonment (s. 9) and cruel and unusual treatment or punishment (s. 2): R. v. SIMON (No. 3) (982), 69 C.C.C. (2d) 557, 4 D.L.R. (3ch 380 (N.W.T. S.C.). Nor does the vesting in the Judge of a discretion whether or not to impose the sentence of indeterminate detention violate s. 7 or 9 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms: R. v. GSASON, 982, C.C.C. i3d) 470, 43 D.L.R. (3d) 49 (B.C.S.C.); Re.00U, and 7IF (2pEEN 984), 45 O.R. (2d) 3 (H.C.J.). HEARING OE APPLICATION By court alone When proof unnecessary- Proof of consent () Where an application under this Part has been made, the Court shall hear and determine the application except that no such application shall be heard unless (a) the Attorney General of the province in which the offender was tried has, either before or after the making of the application, consented to the application; (b) at least seven days notice has been given to the offender by the prosecutor, following the making of the application, outlining the basis on which it is intended to found the application; and (c) a copy of the notice has been filed with the clerk of the court or the magistrate, as the case may be. (2) An application under this Part shall be heard and determined by the court without a jury. (3) For the purposes of an application under this Part, where an offender admits any allegations contained in the notice referred to in paragraph () (b), no proof of those allegations is required. (4) The production of a document purporting to contain any nomination or consent that may- be made or given by the Attorney General under this Part and purporting to be signed by the Attorney General is, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, proof of that nomination or consent without proof of the signature or the official character of the person appearing to have signed the document , c. 53, s. 4. There is no minimum period of time for giving notice of the intention to seek an order under this Part. It is sufficient if the application is made in Court in the presence of the accused. Thereafter the Court should adjourn the proceedings to permit the Crown to give the accused the notice in writing as required by this. paragraph outlining the basis upon which it is intended to found the application: R. v. CURRIE (984), W.C.B. 369 (Ont. C.A.). Subsec. (I) (b). Under the predecessor to this section it was held that personal service upon the accused patient in a provincial mental hospital was inadequate service in R. v. HUME ex p. MORRIS, [965] 3 C.C.C. 8, 49 W.W.R. 756 sub nom. Re MORRIS' PROHIBITION APPLI- CATION (B.C.S.C.), revd on other grounds [965] 3 C.C.C. 349, 46 C.R. 203 sub nom. R. y. MORRIS, 50 W.W.R. 576 (B.C.C.A.). Subsec. (2). This subsection is not inconsistent with the guarantee in s. (f) of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms to a jury trial: R. v. SIMON (No. 2) (982), 69 C.C.C. (2d) 478, 4 D.L.R. (3d) 374 (N.W.T. S.C.). EVIDENCE OF DANGEROUS OFFENDER STATUS Nomination of p$ychiatrists Nornination by court Saving () On the hearing of an application under this Part, the court shall hear the evidence of at least two psychiatrists and all other evidence that, in its opinion, is relevant, including the evidence of any psychologist or criminologist called as a witness by the prosecution or the offender. (2) One of the psychiatrists referred to in subsection () shall be nominated by the prosecution and one shall be nominated by the offender. (3) If the offender fails or refuses to nominate a psychiatrist pursuant to this section, the court shall nominate a psychiatrist on behalf of the offender.

53 S578 um unimmings culinmande, min an ea Section 690 continued (4) Nothing in this section shall be construed to enlarge the number of expert witnesses that may be called without the leave of the court or judge under section 7 of the Canada Evidence Act , c. 53, s. 4. It was held in WILBAND v. THE QUEEN, [967] 2 C.C.C. 6, [967] S.C.R. 4, 2 C.R.N.S. 29 (5:0) that a psychiatrist appointed under the former s. 689 is not a person in authority and therefore the rule with respect to confessions does not apply to statements given by the offender to such a psychiatrist. Further, the Court held that the confession rule would also not apply to such evidence as these proceedings do not involve the conviction of an offence but the determination of the sentence. "The confession rule... is a rule which has been designed for proceedings where, broadly speaking, the guilt or innocence of a person charged with an offence is the matter in issue. The rule has not been established for proceedings related to the determination of a sentence." Finally, the psychiatrist's opinion is not inadmissible because it is based partly on hearsay according to recognized psychiatric procedures. The value of the opinion may be affected to the extent that it rests on secondhand source material but that goes only to weight, not admissibility. The ruling in WILBAND v. THE QUEEN, supra, was applied to proceedings under the current provisions and it was held that the Crown was not required to prove the voluntariness of the accused's statements to the police concerning previous sexual o ffences committed by him: R. v. BOYD (983), 8 C.C.C. (3c) 43 (B.C.C.A.). At least at the stage where the Crown is merely considering whether or not to bring an application under this Part an accused may refuse to *eak to a psychiatrist retained by the Crown and refuse to converse with anyone should he be remanded to a psychiatric facility after conviction, pursuant to s. 543: Re CHAPELLE and THE QUEEN (980), 52 C.C.C. (2d) 32 (Ont. H.C.J.). Evidence to be admissible on the hearing must be adduced in accordance with the regular rules of evidence: R. v. JACKSON (98), 6 C.C.C. (2d) 540, 23 C.R. (3d) 4 (N.S.S.C. App. Div.). "Other evidence" may include evidence of other incidents which did not result in convictions: R. v. MacINNIS (98), 64 C.C.C. (2d) 553, 49 N.S.R. (2d) 393 sub nom.. R. v. MacINNIS (No. 2) (N.S.S.C. App. Div.). It would seem that where the hearing is before the Court by which the accused was convicted, the Judge may take into consideration the evidence adduced at the trial of the substantive offence: R. V. McGRATH (962), 33 C.C.C. 57, 38 C.R. 5, [962] S.C.R. 739 (5:0). However, where a Judge other than the trial Judge hears the application (which is possible by reason of the definition of "court" in s. 687), it is flot sufficient to simply file a transcript of the previous proceedings; rather, the evidence must be adduced in the form of sworn testimony: R. v. CANNING, [966] 4 C.C.C. 379, 49 C.R. 3 (B.C.C.A.). FAR-sElllIeNs93 6//III DIRECTION OR REMAND FOR OBSERVATION Idem. 69. () A court to which an application is made under this Part rnay, by order in writing, (a) direct the offender in relation to whom the application is made to attend, at a place or before a person specified in the order and within a time specified therein, for observation, or (b) remand the offender in such custody as the court directs, for a period not exceeding thirty days, for observation, where in its opinion, supported by the evidence of, or where the prosecutor and the offender consent, supported by the report in writing of, at least one duly qualified medical practitioner, there is reason to believe that evidence might be obtained as a result of such observation that would be relevant to the application. (2) Notwithstanding subsection (), a court to which an application is made under this Part may remand the offender to which that application relates in accordance with that subsection (a) for a period not exceeding thirty days without having heard the evidence or considered the report of a duly qualified medical practitioner where compelling circumstances exist for so doing and where a medical practitioner is not readily available to examine the offender and give evidence or submit a report; and (b) for a period of more than thirty but not more than sixty days where it is satisfied that observation for such a period is required in all the circumstances of the case and its opinion is supported by the evidence of, or where the prosecutor and the offender consent, by the report in writing of, at least one duly qualified medical practitioner , c. 53, s. 4. EVIDENCE OF CHARACTER Without prejudice to the right of the offender to tender evidence as to his character and repute, evidence of character and repute may, if the court thinks fit, be admitted on the question whether the offender is or is not a dangerous offender , c. 53, s. 4. PRESENCE OF ACCUSED AT HEARING OF APPLICATION Exception () The offender shall be present at the hearing of the application under this Part and if at the time the application is to be heard (a) he is confined in a prison, the court may order, in writing, the person having the custody of the accused to bring him before the court; or (b) he is not confined in a prison, the court shall issue a siammons or a warrant to compel the accused to attend before the court and the provisions of Part XIV relating to summons and warrant are applicable mutatis mutandis. (2) Notwithstanding subsection (), the court may

54 .80 ion aul ems aim Section 693 continued (a) cause the offender to be removed and to be kept out of. court, where he misconducts himself by interrupting the proceedings so that to continue the proceedings in his presence would not be feasible; or (b) permit the offender to be out of court during the whole or any part of the hearing on such conditions as the court considers proper , c. 53, s. 4. APPEAL--Appeal by Attorney General Disposition of appeal Idem Effect of judgment Commencement of sentence Part XVIII applies re appeals () A person who is sentenced to detention in a penitentiary for an indeterminate period under this Part may appeal to the court of appeal against that sentence on any ground of law or fact or mixed law and fact. (2) The Attorney General may appeal to the court of appeal against the dismissal of an application for an order under this Part on any ground of law. (3) On an appeal against a sentence of detention in a penitentiary for an indeterminate period the court of appeal may (a) quash such sentence and impose any sentence that might have been imposed in respect of the offence for which the appellant was convicted, or order a new hearing; or (b) dismiss the appeal. (4) On an appeal against the dismissal of an application for an order under this Part the court of appeal may (a) allow the appeal, set aside any sentence imposed in respect of the offence for which the respondent was convicted and impose a sentence of detention in a penitentiary for an indeterminate period, or order a new hearing; or (b) dismiss the appeal. (5) A judgment of the court of appeal imposing a sentence pursuant to this section has the same force and effect as if it were a sentence passed by the trial court. (6) Notwithstanding subsection 649(), a sentence imposed on an offender by the court of appeal pursuant to this section shall be deemed to have commenced when the offender was sentenced by the court by which he was convicted. (7) The provisions of Part XVIII with respect to procedure on appeals apply, mutatis mutandis, to appeals under this section , c. 53, s. 4. Subsec. (2). It was held under the predecessor to this section that where the application is dismissed upon insufficiency of the form of notice the Crown may appeal: R. y. GALBRAITH (97), 5 C.C.C. (2d) 37, [972] W.W.R. 586 (B.C.C.A.), affd 6 C.C.C. (2d) 88 n, [972] 2 W.V.R. 80 (S.C.C.). Where the contemplated application was never proceeded with nor dealt with on its merits because of the trial Judge's indicated refusal to grant the IMO ARU-X llig ECS 6b Crown a further 'adjournment in order to rnake the application there has not been a "dismissal of an application" within the meaning of this subsection against which the Crown may appeal: R. v. CURRIE (984), W.C.B. 369 (Ont. C.A.). DISCLOSURE TO SOLICITOR GENERAL Where a court, pursuant to section 688, finds an offender to be a dangerous offender and imposes a sentence of detention in a penitentiary for an indeterminate period, the court shall order that a copy of all reports or testimony given by psychiatrists, psychologists or criminologists and any observations of the court with respect to the reasons for the sentence, together with a transcript of the trial of the dangerous offender be forwarded to the Solicitor General of Canada for his information , c. 53, s. 4. REVIEW FOR PAROLE Idem () Subject to subsection (2), where a person is in custody under a sentence of detention in a penitentiary for an indeterminate period, the National Parole Board shall, forthwith after the expiration of three years from the day on which that person was taken into custody and not later than every two years thereafter, review the condition, history and circumstances of that person for the purpose of determining whether he should be granted parole under the Parole Act and, if so, on what conditions. (2) Where a person is in custody under a sentence of detention in a penitentiary for an indeterminate period that was imposed before the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 977 came into force, the National Parole Board shall, at least once in every year, review the condition, history and circumstances of that person for the purpose of determining whether he should be granted parole under the Parole Act and, if so, on what conditions , c. 53, s. 4. PART XXII EFFECT AND ENFORCEMENT OF RECOGNIZANCES APPLICATIONS FOR FORFEITURE OF RECOGNIZANCES Definitiona- "Clerk of the court" "Schedule" () Applications for the forfeiture of recognizances shall be made to the courts, designated in colitmn II of the schedule, of the respective provinces designated in column I of the schedule. (2) In this Part "clerk of the court" means the officer designated in column Ill of the schedule in respect of the court designated in column II of the schedule; "schedule" means the schedule to this Part , c. 5, RECOGNIZANCE BINDING Where a person is bound by recognizance to appear before a court, justice or magistrate for any purpose and the session or

55 Appendix B FILE REVIEW PROTOCOL

56 FILE REVIEW PROTOCOL DANGEROUS OFFENDERS IN CANADA, : A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS FILE DATA CODE. ) DATE: Day/Month/Year ii) RESEARCHER: 2. SUBJECT # 3. SUBJECT FPS # 4. PRESENT INSTITUTION: 5. i) PRESENT SECURITY LEVEL: ii) REASON FOR PRESENT SECURITY LEVEL: 6. CURRENT STATUS: OFFENDER DEMOGRAPHICS 7. SUBJECT'S DATE OF BIRTH: Day/Month/Year 8. SEX 9. MARITAL STATUS AT TIME OF OFFENCE 0. NO. OF DEPENDENT CHILDREN. RACE 2. OCCUPATION AT MOST RECENT ARREST 3. SUBJECT'S MAJOR OCCUPATION 4. HIGHEST GRADE LEVEL COMPLETED

57 MEDICAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL 5. i) INTELLIGENCE LEVEL: (Score) (Most recent assessment. use mid-range score) If only category given ii) TEST USED: iii) DATE OF MOST RECENT IQ: Day/Month/Year 6. i) MOST RECENT MMPI SCORES: Date: Use Scaled or t-scores (K-corrected) (Not raw scores) ii) SCALE SCORE (L) (F) (K). (HY) Hypocondrisis 2. (D) Depression 3. (Ils) Hysteria 4. (Pd) Pyschopathic Deviate 5. (Mf) Masculinity-femininity 6. (Pa) Paranoia 7. (Pt) Psychastenia 8. (Sc) Schizophrenia 9. (Ha) Hypomania 0. (Si) Social Introversion 7. VISIBLE PHYSICAL ABNORMALITIES 8. NON-ISSUED DRUG/ALCOHOL USE: PREVIOUS TO PRESENT INCARCERATION 9. ANY PROGNOSIS EVER MADE REGARDING RE-OFFENDING PRIOR TO PRESENT OFFENCE(S) LEADING TO INCARCERATION AS DO..(i) Date (ii) Prognosis (iii) Source (iv) Comments 2.

58 9. continued 3. / i) TREATMENT FOR PSYCHIATRIC OR PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS BEFORE CURRENT INCARCERATION (i.e. in community): Record each as: -yes 2-no 7-not specified 9-missing 0. None recorded. -2 recoded instances of M.H. care 2. Frequent out-patient or under Dr.'s care for M.H. problems 3. Time in a mental institution/ prison 4. Pre-trial/pre-sentence assessments 5. Certified mentally-ill/insane ii) IF INCIDENTS, PRIOR CURRENT INCARCERATION PLEASE NOTE: (e.g. suicide) (Begin with most severe or most frequent up to a limit of 5) i) ANY HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS OR UNUSUAL BEHAVIOUR EPISODES DURING ANY PREVIOUS PERIODS OF INCARCERATION: Record each as: -yes 2-no 7-not specified 9-miss ing 0. None recorded. - recoded instances of M.H. care 2. Frequent out-patient or under Dr.'s care for M.H. problems 3. Time in a mental institution/ prison 4. Pre-trial/pre-sentence assessments 5. Certified mentally-ill/insane

59 2. ii) IF INCIDENTS, PLEASE NOTE: (Begin with most severe or most frequent up to a limit of 5) PRIOR TO DO FINDING, HAD THERE BEEN ANY SPECIFIC PSYCHIATRIC OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS? 23. IF YES, INDICATE THE SPECIFIC DIAGNOSIS PRIOR DO FINDING: (Begin with most recent - record up to 5) i) Date: ii) Diagnosis (DSM-III). / / 2. / / 3. / / / / 5. (iii) By Whom 24. MENTAL STATUS AT TIME OF OFFENCE: Incidents/symptoms or unusual behaviour noted during the index offence (Begin with most severe or most frequent up to a limit of 5) RECORD ANY SPECIFIC PSYCHIATRIC OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF OFFENDERS MENTAL STATE DURING INDEX OFFENCE Indicate the specific diagnosis (Up to a limit of 5) i) Date: ii) Diagnosis / /. / / 2. / / 3.. / / 4. / / 5.. iii) By Whom 26. i) PSYCHIATRIC OR UNUSUAL BEHAVIOUR EPISODES DURING THE CURRENT SENTENCE:

60 26. ii) IF INCIDENTS, DURING CURRENT SENTENCE PLEASE NOTE: (Begin with most severe or most frequent up to a limit of 5) DURING THIS SENTENCE HAS THERE BEEN ANY SPECIFIC PSYCHIATRIC OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS? If yes, indicate the most recent specific diagnoses: (Begin with most recent - record up to 5) i) Date: ii) Diagnosis iii) By Whom / /.. / / / / 3.. / / / / INDICATE ANY TREATMENT FOR MENTAL/BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS DURING PRESENT INCARCERATION (last 2 months): a) TYPE b) # SERIES c) DURATION (wks) ( = x ) TOTAL i) medication. / 7 2. / 7 3. //. 4. / 7 5. / / ii) occasional. // therapy/ 2. // counselling 3. / / / iii) regular. therapy/ 2. counselling 3. / 7 / /_ 4. / 7 5. / / 29. RECORD ANY INSTITUTIONALIZATION FOR MENTAL/BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS (last 2 months) i) housed in prison hospital a) # TIMES B) DURATION

61 29. continued ii) transferred to RPC iii) institutionalized in other facility i.e. Penetang 30. LIST ALL OTHER MAJOR TREATMENTS DURING DO SENTENCE NOT IN PAST 2 MONTHS. Record most important ones (relating to offence or mental/behavioural problems) up to a limit of five ia) Major ib) ic) id) ie) Treatment Prognosis: Comments Date Source Context. / / 2. / / 3. / / 4. / / iia) 5. / / Major Treatment Progress: ib) Comments ic) id) ie) Date Source Context. / /

62 3. lia) continued 2. / / 3. / / 4. / / 5. / / iiia) Major ib) ic) id) le) Treatment Motivation: Comments Date Source Context. / / ( / / / / / / / /

63 PREVIOUS OFFENCE & INCARCERATION DATA 32. PREVIOUS CONVICTIONS - begin with most recent (3 days =. mo.) i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) Was Offence Sexually Date Offence Counts Code Disposition Length Related? / /. / / / / 2. / / 3. / / 4. / / 5. / / 6. / / 7. / / 8. / / 9. / / 0. / / /. / / 2. / / 3. / / 4. / / / / 7. / / 8. / / 9. / / 20. / / 2. / / / / 22.

64 32. continued 23. / / 24. / / 25. / / 33. LONGEST PREVIOUS SENTENCE (MOS.) 34. NUMBER PREVIOUS PROV. INCARCERATIONS (UAL - No, but if offended when UAL - Yes) 35. TOTAL PROVINCIAL TIME TO WHICH PREVIOUS SENTENCED (MOS.) (Taking into account overlaps, i.e. concurrent) 36. NUMBER OF PREVIOUS FEDERAL INCARCERATIONS (UAL - No, but if offended when UAL - Yes) 37. TOTAL FEDERAL TIME TO WHICH PREVIOUSLY SENTENCED (MOS.) (Taking into account overlaps, i.e. concurrent)

65 INDEX OFFENCES 38. NATURE AND DISPOSITION FOR ORIGINAL OFFENCE i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) Was Length Offence (mos.)/ Sexually Date Offence Counts Code Disposition type Related? / /. / / / / / 2. / / / / / 3. / / / / / 4. / / / / / 5. / / / viii) WAS SUBJECT ON PAROLE OR MANDATORY SUPERVISION (or bail) AT TIME OF INDEX OFFENCE? USE THIS SPACE FOR A SHORT NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE OFFENCE: 38. ix) INDICATION OFFENCE WAS PREMEDITATED 38. x) EVIDENCE OF ALCOHOL/DRUG USE 38. xi) SEVERITY OF INTOXICATION 38. xii) EVIDENCE OF VIOLENCE AND WHAT TYPE 38. xiii) VICTIM'S SEX 38. xiv) VICTIM'S AGE

66 38. xv) IF SEX INVOVLVED, WAS IT CONSENSUAL 38. xvi) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VICTIM AND OFFENDER 38. xvii) WAS THERE AN ELEMENT OF BREACH OF TRUST 38. xviii) ANY PHYSICAL HARM THE VICTIM EXPERIENCED 38. xix) ANY EMOTIONAL HARM THE VICTIM EXPERIENCED 39. IS IT FIRST FEDERAL INCARCERATION SENTENCING DATA 40. AGE AT SENTENCE (conviction) (yrs.) 4. TOTAL TIME LAPSED SINCE ORIGINAL SENTENCE BEGAN: (Calculate from date of original sentence to date of data collection) (mos.) 42. REASON FOR TYPE OF SENTENCE 43. i) WAS DO SENTENCE APPEALED ii) RESULT OF APPEAL iii) ALTERNATE SENTENCE IMPOSED IF APPEAL SUCCESSFUL 44. ALTERNATE MAX. AVAILABLE THROUGH CODE (mos.) CONSIDERING CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES 45. i) DATE OF DO FINDING ii) PROVINCE OF DO FINDING iii) REASON FOR DO FINDING 46. i) INDICATE THE SPECIFIC DIAGNOSIS PRESENTED IN COURT BY THE CROWN PSYCHIATRIST FOR DO HEARING 2. 3.

67 46. ii) DEGREE OF CERTAINTY EXPRESSED BY CROWN PSYCHIATRIST ABOUT DIAGNOSIS 47. i) INDICATE SPECIFIC DIAGNOSIS PRESENTED IN COURT BY THE DEFENSE PSYCHIATRIST FOR THE DO HEARING ii) DEGREE OF CERTAINTY EXPRESSED BY DEFENSE PSYCHIATRIST ABOUT DIAGNOSIS 48. PSYCHIATRIST FOR THE CROWN 49. PSYCHIATRIST FOR DEFENSE 50. IF TREATMENT RECOMMENDED BY WHOM: 0. No treatment recommended I. Judge 2. Crown Attorney 3. Defense counsel 4. Crown psychiatrist 5. Defense psychiatrist 6. Other 5. NUFFIELD VIOLENT RECIDIVISM PREDICTION SCORE. Current offence 2. Age at admission (yrs.) 3. Previous convictions 4. Previous imprisonments 5. Previous convictions for violent crime 6. Previous breach of parole or M.S. 7. Previous history of escape 8. Security classification 9. Age at first adult conviction

68 5. continued 0. Previous convictions for assault. Previous convictions for fraud, forgery, etc. 2. Education 3. Marital status 52. TOTAL NUFFIELD VIOLENT RECIDIVISM PREDICTION SCORE INSTITUTIONAL INFO 53. DURING THIS SENTENCE, IN WHAT INSTITUTIONS HAS THE INMATE SPENT ANY PROPORTION OF HIS SENTENCE. (From current institution to start of original sentence) i) ii) iii) iv) Total time in Reason for Date Name of Institution Code Institution (mos.) Transfer 2 /. _ / / 2. * / / 4. / / 5. / / 6. / 7. / / 8. / / 9. / / 0. / /. / / 2. / / 3. / / 4.

69 53. continued 5. / / 6. / / 7. / / 8. / / 9. / / TOTAL NUMBER OF DAYS DURING THE PAST 2 MOS. SPENT IN: y). administrative segregation 2. protective custody/preventive segregation 3. Total # of times transferred to regional psychiatric facility 54. DURING CURRENT SENTENCE, HAVE ANY OF THE FOLLOWING OCCURRED? I) Apparent suicide attempt (overdose, slashing, etc.) ii) Physical attack on other inmate or staff iii) Physical attack by other inmate iv) Involved in a fight v) Escape vi) Unsuccessful escape attempt vii) Involved in riot, hostage taking, other disturbance FREQUENCY

70 55. ALL DISCIPLINARY INCIDENTS SINCE COMMENCEMENT OF CURRENT SENTENCE (Begin with most recent) i) Offence Description. 2. ii) Disposition (Including not guilty pending warning iii) Severity of Disposition # days / / / / 3. / / 4. / / 5. / / iv) TOTAL NUMBER OF DAYS SPENT IN PUNITIVE SEGREGATION/ DISSOCIATION DUE TO DISCIPLINARY ACTION Total #: ( 56. PAROLE ELIGIBILITY DATE PAROLE INFO Day/Month/Year 57. NUMBER OF TIMES INMATE HAS BEEN REVIEWED BY PAROLE BOARD SINCE DO SENTENCE IMPOSED 58. REASONS FOR PAROLE REFUSAL EACH TIME i) REASON FOR RELEASE ii) RELEASE DATE

71 60. TEMPORARY ABSENCES GRANTED i) Type ii) Purpose iii) # Hours 60. iv) TOTAL NUMBER OF T.A.'S GRANTED DURING CURRENT INCARCERATION 6. i) NUMBER OF TRAILER VISITS GRANTED ii) PURPOSE OF TRAILER VISIT

72 c a Appendix C CODING MANUAL

73 Coding Manuel for File Review Protocol.i Date: Dangerous Offenders in Canada, : A Descriptive Analysis File Data I // Dy/Mo/Yr Researcher: Jakimiec 2 Webster 2. Subject #: 0-5 inc. 3. Subject FPS #: The subjects' FPS numbers were only used to retrieve the files. The subjects were then assigned the numbers 0 to 5 inclusive in order to ensure confidentiality. If the need arises to obtain the FPS numbers, as for further research, they must be requested from the Ministry of the Solicitor General. 4. Present institution: 220 Dorchester 45 Kingston Treatment Centre 46 Kingston Penetentiary 42 Millhaven 460 Warkworth 50 Stony Mountain 520 Saskatchewan 530 Drumheller 539 Edmonton 832 Regional Psychiatric Centre B.C. 833 Mountain 836 Kent 777 Not applicable/ no longer incarcerated 999 missing

74 5.i Present security level: PO Decision Pending P Protected Status, Minimum P2 Protected Status, Minimum P3 Protected Status, Medium P4 Protected Status, Medium P5 Protected Status, Medium P6 Protected Status, Maximum P7 Protected Status, Special Handling Unit (SHU) S Minimum S2 Minimum S3 Medium S4 Medium S5 Medium S6 Maximum S7 SHU X7 Phase IV, SHU 5.ii Reason for present security level: 00 None stated 0 C- in agreement 02 Employment 03 Vocational 04 Academic 05 Medical 06 Psychiatric 07 Psychological 08 Pre-release programming 09 Protected Status 0 Security concerns Appropriate accomodation not available 2 Geographic location of appropriate institute 3 Regional decision 4 Inmate's unwillingness to move 5 Unlawfully at large (UAL) 6 Day parole institution 7 Day parole CCC/CRC 8 Transfer approved 9 Will be processed for transfer 20 Out to court 2 Lack of vacancies 22 Incompatibilities 23 Refer to National Head Quarters (NHQ) 24 Internal security concerns 25 Proximity of release data 26 Pending 99 Missing

75 Offender Demographics 7. Subject's date of birth: 99/99/99 Missing 8. Sex: Male 2 Female 9. Marital status at time of offence: 0 Not stated Single 2 Married 3 Common law 4 Widowed 5 Seperated 6 Divorced 7 Not specified 9 Missing 0. Number of dependent children: (Include children from common law (c/l) relationships) 0 None 7 Not stated 9 Missing. Race: 0 Not stated Caucasian 2 North American Indian (status) 3 North American Indian (non-status) 4 North American Indian (not stated) 5 Metis 6 Inuit 7 Asiatic (mongoloid) 8 Black (negroid) 9 Other

76 2. Occupation at most recent arrest: Use attached Blishen Codes, (Blishen & McRoberts, 976: 7-79), plus: 0000 Unemployed 000 Student 9797 Not specified 9999 Missing 3. Subject's major occupation: Use attached Blishen Codes, (Blishen & McRoberts, 976: 7-79), plus: 0000 Unemployed 000 Student 9797 Not specified 9999 Missing

77 TAB( h ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF OCCUPATIONS BY SOCIOLCONOMIC I N DI X AND RANK ORDER, CANADA, 97 Occupational Sonioclmaification 0(.cupationcil economic number classification index Rank all, ailing & polishing occs: chi). glass 3: stone. n.c.c accouniants. auditors & financial officers actors ad. & illustrating artists adjusters. claim admintstiattes. medicine & health administralors. teaching 4 rd. fields advertising salesrnen aeronautical engineers :3 agriculturists & rd. scientists air transport operating tiers. n.e.c air transport operating support occs aircraft rubrical. 4 assembl. ores. n.c.c aircraft mechanics & repriirrisen apparel & furnishings. service oves. n.e.c , anchilec. 4 engineering technologists.* technicians architects architects & engineers n.e.c athletes attendants. sport & recresttion bobysitters baking, confectionery making & rel. oces barbers. hairdressers& rel. occs bartenders beverage process. CC!, biologists & rd. scientists blasting cc, boilermakers. ploiera & structural meial workers bonding & cementing occs: rubb. plast. & rd. prod bookbinders & rd. (secs bookkeepers & acc'ting clerks bookkeeping. account-recurding & rel. occs. n.e.c brick & stone rna%ons& tae setters bus drivers bus. & cornmere. machine mechanics& repairmen bus. & commerc, machines fabricat. & assembl. occs. n.e.c business services saksmen buyers. whok sale & retail trade cabinet & wood furniture makers _captains & oth. officers. fishing vessels carpenters 4. rd. oves cellulose pulp preparing oves chambermaids & housemen chefs & cooks chem. petrol. rubb. plast. & rd. mater, process, oves. n.e.c. 45; chemical engineers chemists civil engineers clay. glass & stone & rd. mat. machin, occs. n.e.c clay. glass & stond. process. forming & rd. oves. n.e.c coaches. trainers, instructors & mg,rs: sport & rec coating de cakndering oves: chem. & rel. mat collectors commercial travellers commissioned officers, armed forces commun. collette & vocational school teachers W783 ConCtete finishing & rd. ores conduclors & brakemen, railway construction electric. & repairmen crushing & grinding occs:' chem. & rd. ma erials crushing & grinding ores: mineral ores cutting & finishing occs: rubb. plast. & rel. prod cutting & shaping oves: clay. glass & stone dancer< & choreographers deck crew. ship deck officers dental hygienists, assist. & technic dentists 74, dieticians & nutritionists dispensing opticians dim il.. sublirn,& CarhOniz occs. chemicals & rel. materials draughtsmen driver-salesmen c.d. p. equip. operators econr nnists educational 3: vocational counsellors el. poss. light. & is ire commun. equip. me. i. & r. (ices. n.e.c elec. & tel. equip.-i. & t. oses n.e.c electrical engineers 70, electrical equip. fabric:a. & assernb. occs electrical pois Cr lineman & rd. occs election. & ici comm un. equip. operating oses. rl.e.c ç S electronic & rd l equip install & repair 0,..s.-s n c.c '34 de, t ron : equip,6at. & asscroh,. 38.5' '3 elem & I. indcredi ten teas. hers 65.8, u element. & sec school leaching & rel, osas. nec s S 580 3

78 I : II I. : j I it el ti : fr 4 Occupational Sotiocla..%ifU.a tie'', Occ.upati m rl en/no/nit number classificatifm inch Rani, _ t oy? devator perating o (tees ,4. 95' engine & boiler mom Cfe9. ship engine dz. rel. equip. fabric:it. &...send,. os c t. n y 9[33 Cngincering office's. ship s I 839 engravers, etchers & (cl. occs 38.7% ' I c scavating. grading & rd. ts tq7 879 c scavating. grading. patinas & r dl. siecs. nec ,5. 5"9 fahricat. assemb. & repair. tx:es: r ubh. plat. & rd. prod. n.e.c g it549 fahricat. assemh. & repair. oces: sstmd products, ne fabric«. assemb. i. & r. sx:s.s: electric. elect' sm. & rel. Cqllip fa bricat. assemb. repair....cc.: text. fur lk Ica' h. prod. nec farm machinery operators & custons opergh), farm management 0..:Cg farm norkers farmers filing, grinding. buffing. cican. lc polish. OCC,.. n.e.c ,63 filtering. straining & separating stet,: chem. & rd. mater financial management "cc fine arts school teachers In c fighting oces , 7> 827 fish canning. cluing & packing tg.:cn fishermen: net. trap & line fithing. hunting, trapping & rel. CKCS. n.e.c flour & or tan milling occs food & bev. prep. & rel. service occs. n.e.c fittxl. bey. &. rel. poxes>. oces. n.e.c foremen: air transport op. occs linemen: chems. petrol, rubber. plast. 8: rd. mulet. proc. aces foremen: clay glass & stone & rd. mater. m.tehming occs foremen: day glass & stone process. forming & rel. aces fan ernen: el. pot, light. ctc w ire commun. equip. erec. i. d: r. aces foremen: electr. it rd. commun, equip. op. aces.. n.e.c foremen: excavating. grading. paving & rel. aces foremerclabricat. & assemb. occs, metal products. n.e.c foremerit'fisbricat. assem. & repair. occs: text. fur & kath. prod s 8530 foremeni fabliau. assemb. I. & r. aces. el. electron. rel. equip ,540 forernirielebricat. assembl. & repair. occs: wood produets foretrlig food. ben. 8c rd. process. occs fordneteforesby de logeing occs forernem.matensils handling 8c rd. aces. n.e.c fornmnesteebanics & repairmen exc. electrical foreniett'l'inetai machining Dees fred.,:ntetal process. 6/. rel. occs foremen: metal shaping & forming occs. exc. machining fordrieni initellg ore treating aces foremen: mining & quarrying incl. oil & gasfield aces foremen: motor transp. operating aces % foremen: mh. construction trades aces foremen: oth. crafts & equip. operating oces. n.c.c foremen: oth. rnachining & rd. aces. n.e.c foremen: oth. process. occs foremen: oth. transp. & rd. equip. operating aces forcasen: other farming. horticult. & animal husbandry aces % foremen: printing & rel. occs foremen: product fabric. assem. & repair. (tees. n.e.c foremen: pulp & papermaking & rel. occs foremennraaway transport operating aces foremen; tuntionary engine & util. equip. operat. & rd. aces forcmidn:iettile process. occs forssmeie4ouu43 machining oces for. -en: wood process. aces, exc. pulp & papermaking fore,nen: fabric. assem. repair. Ot.::N. ruhh. phis. & oth. rd. prod forestry& logging occs. n.c.c forestry conserv. aces forging oves forming occs: clay. glass & stone fruit & veget canning, presers. & packag. ot:cs funeral director S embalmers, & rd. aces furnacemen & kilnmen: clay. glass & stone furriers genmgrs. & nth. senior officials gcn. office ckrks geologists ,795 glaziers government administrators guards & watchmen guides health diagnosing 8c treating aces. n.c.c hide & pelt proc. aces hoisting aces. n.c.e hostesses & stewards. exc. food Sc ben hotcl ekrks hunting. trapping àc rel. tees IA g. & s. occs.. ConglruC.. csc eleeti Kai i t g. & S. OCC.. pulp & paper-making, I t.g.& s.444:cs. n c e IA.g..& S. aces. 90oli process. ex.: pulp & pnnet m.kunz LI g. & 4. oss, slas. glass &, 963. machining i.g. & S. 3..."5 CL). glass & stone proçcgl. & 09g 39 96,6,386 i.g. & s. occ, cutup. repnii egg: electrical t.g. & s. occs (abr., assern, metal prod. n e.4... t> Sig: 2e 8546 ii g & s. ot:cs al hr x:x assemb s& lepau 909d pi

79 I. Hi i. ()(*r upational mlication Occupatiimill nurnher (.%.%ifi( ati,m inde. R in d. - _ 22n re. & s cc's food, be,. & J. proces, i t.g & N. 0,:%:N. machining n e c. 4.t Oil 20 KIPS. g. & s. OC,. S. MC: in:whining Ii ) si4n. t g. & N t. t.0: pitrtnnitig le»ttig!kg g & s sices. metal shaping & for ming. es,' ma, Inning It, -ail' 27 NI, I I g. & S,,,, minel al or e treating.i - geo g. & N.I.,iN. processing. n.c.e in u s.n i ; i r.g. & s. oecs. product fabric:lc assemb & I epsirr. n e ; in texas at.g. & N. co.: reside pr;;cessing i t.g. & s. Oct:, wood inachining 24.4: i t.g. &: N 0..:C. chem. petrol rubber. Oast & rd. raider pros:, r, /536 i.l.g. & N. (4...CS: fabric. assem. I. & r. d. electron. & rd. equip. 4X i.t.g. & s. occs: el. pow light. & wire corm-nun. equip. dec. i. & i Cr/.3m g. & s. oscs' fabr. aanem. & rep. textile. fur & leath. prod i.t.g. & s. oces: fair. assern. & repair. rubh. plat. & rd. prod , 26h ind. farm const. & ont. mech. equi. & mach. fabr. & assent oc, ncs 3 7 nut< is2 $4 Indus. farm &: construe. machinery mechanics & reparrmen 4.47g : 9, 245 industrial engineers 67,4(.49 I I I h inspectors & regulator 3 oftkers goxt inspedori: & regulatory officers non-gost t 4.279I instructors & training officers n.e.c I lb 8786 insulating CC]. eunstruelion insurance salesmen & agents insurance, bank & oth. finance clerks janitors. chars, orkers & clean,rs Jewellery & silverware fah. kinsc. (C.: repair. OCCS judges & magistrates I: 827 knitting oees ' aboard,. n.e.c iihomers. manufacturing / abouters, other industries abourers. public administration & defence 25 ( abourers. service abourers. trade abourers. transportation & communication inindering & dis cleaning ;sees ass pers & notaries ibrarians & archivists ibrary & life clerks 45.5' ihrary. file & con. clerks & rel. 0XN. n.c.c ife sciences technologists & technic lozomotive engineers & firemen og hoisting. sorting, moving & ml. sax, og inspect, grad. sealing & rd. ;,ccs ongshoremen. stevedores & freight handlers machine tool operating oics machinist & machine tool setting-up lices mail & postal clerks 48. ( mail earners management occs... soc. sciences 8: rd. fields management ;ices. construe. operations management occs. transport & communications operal ion, managers. 'ci. & engineering 74, managers: hotel. motel & ot h. accom marine co an fabneat. iissemb. & repair. ;lees g material recos ding. scheduling & distrib. occs. n.e.c materials handling & rel. occ5. n.e.c materials handling equip. operators n.e.c mathematicians. statisticians & actuaries mechanical engineers _6 /589 mechanics & repairmen exc. electrical. n.e.c medical lab. technologists & technic III 85 melting & roaxtim. CC,: FrC(AI ere, members of legh. bodies messengers metal estruding & draw ing cc, MI ;3 melal heat trearing oues..984, metal machining ;ices. n.e.c meld' procey, & rel. oi:c... n.e.c metal rolling si<cs met:,4as & for ming oc, exc. machtrung. n.e.c 36.25, metal sfianilig & olhei mashining ts tel. sass. n ca metal smelt. cons-c ime & refining furnacemen metallurgical engineer metals; orking machine operators. n.e.c 3, meteorologists. 72.8( ; milk proce, occs it) Vgrill te 3557 minute:, 4., & :4 iiiiikel, nuneral ore treating cis. n.e.c. 4 2 sing 246 7, 9 mining 8: grialex mg Ind. oil & gis held ocss n e c 40,229 2'0 777 (inning & quai l} ing. cutting. handling & loading occs 34.5: ; mining engineer. ne NiCls of seligion Ifs? 86 riming & hlendrng cc.. ehenneals & tel materrals XIII mrxing, xeparairrig. fit,ing & rd ives miner al ores 45!err V 57 mouan ruclines proicsniimsts '44 79 in..tol iii.in.port operaling o,:, nec. h motor,...6. le fah, real & :`,Crld, Ot..., C e.. 4 'I l 4 ; ; motor schlxle 'ilex - ham,. & reran men 2' Illutol met,..%. dtukcy oleo..:,, all t..,. 5 7: ii; moulding iicc' I,65 plasi,x: icl pflul SI 7 moulding., 0 entalung./4: meld'...t>tolg O.,. s 5 2 6: )-_,, 0: 34 <- :4.

80 . (b mpanuna/ ein.%.%itica bun (li upaumnd number in.%.%ification _ 54 new ruislcar englowers 25 nut, hrodecr, tu I.t. t 79 fliui..'is& tel stiuukets 3 t iii., ses In ;taming. ron.e grad es.. super isor Wu. out titi,. & order lies 4 iuiui.lr ur.0.ststanis 39 Oterap> & rcl. asst.! o:c n,9 coninwic :rot photog & ici 4., c t. t. niait. tk oth. elent still. oth proses., 75ut oth. ricin. un,.tk folestr,./4 logging 82'S in Ian oth. elem non., test proses,.,0 titis In.( `. k oth. drown.,or k ser %/cc. 878 oc.s in lab &. oth elentrn nul osent at. gradine & pas mg 938 ia lahout k tth elemental not I. mare, haniihng te 7 58 oer.- in 'dhow. & oth elemental w or k. pull'.9. paper mal.ing 85. labouring & oth elernene «'iris. noner.ie ore neat 845 tsx, iii i.thout oh elemental notk. rneial 95$ os: s. in labour ing & oth. elemental uor k. pi i ni & tel n.e 249 oec,. in las'. & jurispru. n.e.c occ. in library. museum & archivai Mt:S. (Led: 659 occs rn loggrng & oth. aceornm. 289 os:c, In n.e h. slats.. si. stents anal. & rel, fields n.e.c in performing & audi tesisual arts. n.e.c. 29 occs un physical secs. n.e.c. 259 oces, in religion.. n.e.c cr., In site. work & roi. field, n.c.c 239 ocs in social science, n.c.c ix,. in sport & recreation. n.c.c. 233 oses. In welfare & commun. sets tees -9 oess rel. to management & admiroseranon.e c 8798 & oth.dem. tians.oth.,onser. tiades 858 occs: lab. & oth. dem. st Mi.: clay. glass. slime pro.:. & forming 852% oess: lab. & ode. elem. work: fabric. & a SUM, metal prod. nee oce, lab. & oth. elem, work. fabric. assem. & repair wood prod 778 ioees: lab. & oth. elem, work. mining & quarr>. inc. oil & gas fields 878 occs: lab. & oth.dern. work: chem. peer_ rub. pins. & rel, mat. pare $578 oces: lab. & oth. elem. work, fah. assent cep. rub. pins. & rel. prod 822 lx.cn: lab. & oth. ckm. work: food. bes. & roi. rime occs: lab. & oth. elem. work: ptod. fab. assorti & repar. nt..: tx:cs: lab. & oth. dem. wrk: el. pow: light. & stir. comm. equ. er. i 49 r 858 occs' lab. &oth. dom. wrk: (ah. ass. i & r el. electron. & roi. equi 8238 OCCS: lab. & oth.cicm. m rk: woo d ()W C. etc. pulp & papermaking 8568 sises' oth. elem. wrk: fah. ass. & rep, text.. fur & 'eat h. prix) occupations in writing n.e.c 4 office mat hinc operators 9 officials & adminstrators unique to govt.. n.e.c. 35 oplomell usts 37 osteopaths & chiropractor s 499 oth. clerical & rcl. occs. n.e 8799 oth construe. trades oces oth. crafts & equip. operating occs oth fabrieat. & assemb. OCCN. metal produces. n.c.c. 799 tith farming. horticule & animal husbandry rtccs, n cc. 269 oth os:cs in archiecc. & engine ering. 359 eh. occs. in medicine & hcaleh n.e.c oth, occs. in soc. Nei,. & rel. fields n.e.c. 999 oat, oces. n.c.c il l,. process. occs. n.e.c. oth prod. fahricat. assenth. & repair. oecs. n.e.c. oth ranks, armed forces oth. rock 8: iiril.driiliny «uses 4.99 oth ser,ece ices. n.e C. 2,99 oth teaching & rel, tics. n.e.c h tt roi equip. operating occs n e.c 49.» her manager, dc administratois. n.e.t. 54 other managers. conotuction 52 tither managers, durable good manufactoue lie ocher managers. 6e, & «ni wells 5 other managers. non-due:thee e.,, manufacture 58 other managers. other induso tes 57 o) lier managers. service 56 other managers. trade 55 tither managers. transportation & communication s99 other sales glee,. y7 p.:kuging o:cs n.e.c panne,. paperhangets & lei. 3 painters. sculptor% & rel. al lists 89 pulnung & decor aline (59 paper produ5 fabriedt & ussernb. 0,:es $2 5 papermulong & tinrslung oc, 5 5 I pditelmnak marking et: curling ox'x 5 test. ml, leath puis) 895 palternmakr, & mvuldmakei s ri 87 gms mg. sriu fa,:ing /3: (el ((et,,4 e pet sonal solute tt.55 ne c 36 personnel & Indus relution rugnint 0". s 74 Per sonnel il, let rillicers 4i9" net sormel s lei k, 7, 4 petroleum enginese (,..0..,% 9,' 35 ritohyt doh, 5..,alltel.tmen Sitt ii. con, mil( i Rani , SI ; - x7 7,90 te, 55 3 In so - 45 j"-' - : tr, 8.4'r '9 26. t ( I -ats 4 (4,45 e. 2 4 '2 64C! /0 26 ill,: lie, 4( ,, 3`. " O' " Y s 29.'3, sx Ç , ' h72 I ,978 t'y , : ' " ' u4s. ( s ss ' ' 9s,4 9 5 J 44 40t oe;. 75x n ix ; '.5 liii Ç '66 u M !! n + '24

81 0(.4 tepational Socif.- cfiwificatiait upallonal l'e(e,m& number ula((iliration bule. Ram( IIty, 000.phie lirosess. t.r"ls ph y +real skis. lechnologists & technicians ph) swim,..4: surgeons h 23 physi. Kt* phy rotheraprsts. oxs up. & ot h...9 aphrt s pilot. navigators. & flighr eugrneers 67 9,9,c 9'9 ppditting. plumtung & rd...xi, toss plarantr. tir nmg. shaping t Sc J.,..thMi :. CC, V, S' 4 pla Iolt r & Id. si I %/,-/. 43 plug Mg. metal spraing. & rel. occs. 33.6Y4 34 C 823 plywood making & rel oc.' policemen ék detectives. go, t policemen & in.esiigator. prie posr.seeondary school teachers. n.c.c postmasters 49.(20 ISO 953 power station operators precis. instrum. & rel equip. fahrieal. & assem. oces, n e c too 8, 88 precrs. instrument me, hanics & repairmen pressing oces primers. engravers Cp.:. phrunsengraver, printing & rel occs. n.c c KI2 printing press (rec producers & directors. performing & audio-visual arts product & interior designer, production cler ks production management oses ',toter:. service occs. n.e.c psychologists pulp & papermaking & tel. (secs. n.e.c. 4, porch. officers Ii:. buyers. e,c..holesale & retail trade purchasing management occs usx I radio & IV. broadcasting equip. operators radio & r. v. service repair men radio & television announcers radiological technologists & technicians rail transp. equip. mechanks & repairmen mits,..,:ty,cctionmen,s... trackmen ord.-ay tramp. operating occs. n.e.c ' railway transport operating support vices real estate salesmen recep.. info.. mail & message distrih. oces. n.e.c recent ionisrs & info. ckrks referees & rel. official, roasting. cooking & drying occs. chemicals & rd. materials rooting. uaterproofing & rd. occs rotary welldrilling & rel. aces sales & ad. management aces sales clerks. commodures sales occss commodities. n.e.c side, occs - ser, Ices. n cc salesmen & salespersons commodities. n.c.c salesmen & traders. securities sass mill sawyers & rel. vices secondary school teachers secretaries & stenos , 3 separat.. gririd.. crush. & mixing oces: clay-. glass & stone ser vice station attendants services management secs sewing machine operators. text. & similar mat sheet metal uorkers shipping & receiving clerk, shoemaking & repair. ice, slaughtering & 'neat cutting, canning. curing & pack. awes sleeping-kar ék baggage porters. & bellmen cirri.orkeis '4 23? socrologists. an ) hropologrsts & rel. soc. scientists >3 qssi sourie) recrusling & reproducoon eqmp perm", st.00.y engine & mil, equip operatmg & rd. rice, n.e.c n9 437 mats, clerks strreotspers & elect rot) pers st or. k clerks & rel. th.,:s str eet s endorl & sloor to-sloor salesmen Nu uctural metal tle,lors 'ilqi soh, as & suertrailw as operating tress sugar process.. & tel. aces supervisor s rl. for emen n.e c elper, istir office ma, lime & e.s p. equipment operators super s km s. or h occ, in architecture & engineering 67 " Nuptnisurs: apparel & furnishing set vice occs ç 43 supervisors: bookkeeping. acct.-recording & tel. aces supers ism.- food & l'as prrp. & rel. service cc, (4 supervisors: lihr., hle & coil. clerk, & rel. or:es supersistris.material recording. scheduling & distarh. occs supersrsors MU sing ii Cii ,0., 0, th.,..tn sr IMISCUIll& tirelire. se is super, isai s. 0,', In losielrle & 0er IICCOM. : ,er mipers,ot, ollt ire Eel aces n e.e hl 9 -, 5 90 Ntlpir,c.o, On,ac,,,,, 4 5 4W, ive,,ps,,u g,,,,,,,,.th...,,,,...:, gx /: J - supct,,,r, re...ep snl. inar: & ntc,,igt,,i In...,.. 4, n 4 ' lu super,,t,,alt...,... soot:m.4k, 47 bd..> 4 ' -0.opci,t,IN,.,,,, C % IC, 6 568,, 4) super metro & l pow,ss 4.9lX4 II

82 ((.5.ifica firm number Occupulimull eb55:in 26 Not vcyo, zurt3..) stems unabsts & comput. prop umnters & rel oecs 8553 lailors ¼ dressmakers 9 73 Lod this ers & chuuttcurs 279% teat het s of ext.ep. tudents TLC, want, in Ithrars. museum & archival st Is s 3 ic.:itnical salesmen & rel. advisers 9553 teleghtph operalors 475 telephone OpcfUlof % 433 tellers st cashiets 8277 te xi ile bleaching & d5 eing occs. 826 It- Mile libre prepar. occs textile finishing & calendering oct textile proeess. occs textile spinning& twisting Ores. 67 t 0 xi ile weaving occs textile w Inding & reeling 0 :CS. 753 timber cutting & fri. OÇCS. 82,i; tohaceo process. ores. :i3 tool & the making perm ions 3355 translators & interpreters 493 travel clerks. ticket. station. & freight agents 975 truck drivers 95 iypeseiters & compositors 43 typists & ckrk typist% 27 univ. teachers 279 unis. teaching & rcl. oct. n.c.e upholsterers 35 veterinari.ms 625 waiter). hobtee% & stewards, food & best 8587 watch & clock repairmen 959 water transp. operating cc's. n.e.e. 457 weighers 8335 welding & flame cutting ores w ire commun. & rel. equip.. & r. ores wood machining ores. n.e.c. 835 wood put tcrnmaking ores..39 wossd process. occs. exc. pulp & paperrnaking. n.e x 8357 wood sanding ores wood sawing & rel. ores: exc. sawmill 8235 Wtkxi treat iry; ores writers & editors 239 occs. in lik sciences, n.e.c. SO( irr- 0tMli e inde.% R ant( Il! Zhn, re, J e li , I.S.2M ' '4u " 48s ts '2( " " ' s-to ' M ,

83 4. Highest grade level completed: (Through public schooling. Do not include upgrading received within penetentiary system.) 00 Never went to school 5 College 20 University undergrad 30 University graduate Medical/Psychological 5.i Intelligence level (most recent assessment). If only category given, use mid-range score: I 000 : No test recorded 069 & below: Mentally defective : Borderline : Dull normal : Average normal 0-9 : Bright normal : Superior 30 & above: Very superior 997 : Not specified 999 : Missing 5.ii Test used: 00 Not tested 0 WAIS (WAIS-R) Weschsler 02 (Revised) Beta 03 Stossen 04 Ravens 05 Q-test 06 C-test 07 Shipley-Hartford 08 Clerical estimate/judgement 09 Other 97 Not specified 99 Missing 5.iii Date of most recent I. Q. test: 77/77/77 Not applicable, not tested 97/97/97 Not specified 99/99/99 Missing 6. Date of most recent MMPI scores: 77/77/77 Not applicable, not tested 97/97/97 Not specified 99/99/99 Missing

84 6. MMPI scores: (use scaled or t-scores (k-corrected), not raw scores). 7. Visible physical abnormalities: 0 None noted Facial scars 2 Bodily scars 3 Blind 4 Deaf/Mute 5 Crippled 6 Deformity of some part of the body 7 Not specified 9 Missing 8. Non-issued alcohol/drug use previous to present incarceration: 00 No alcohol/drug use 0 Alcohol 02 Marijuana/hash 03 Amphetimines (speed, pep pills, dexies) 04 Cocaine 05 Tranquilizers (downers, valium, sleeping pills, pcp). 06 Barbiturates (bennies, goofballs, seconal, amytol, phenobarb). 07 Solvents (glue, polish remover, contact cement). 08 Other drugs 09 Missing 0 Poly-drug user 9.i Date of prognosis made regarding re-offending, prior to present offence(s) leading to incaraceration as a DO: 77/77/77 Not applicable, no prognosis made 97/97/97 Date not specified 99/99/99 Missing 9.ii The prognosis made regarding re-offending, prior to present offence(s) leading to incaraceration as a DO: 0 None stated Excellent 2 Very Good 3 Good 4 Fair 5 Poor 6 Missing 7 Not applicable/first offence

85 9.iii Source (prognosis made by whom): 0 No prognosis made Case Management Team 2 Classification Officer 3 Parole Officer 4 Psychiatrist or Psychologist 5 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 9.iv Comments: Use this space to record narrative. 20.i Treatment for psychiatric or psychological problems before current incarceration: Record each, 0 to 6, as: Yes 2 No 7 Not specified 9 Missing 20.ii If incidents prior current incarceration, please note. Begin with most severe or most frequent and record up to a limit of five: 00 None recorded 0 Drug/alcohol problem/treatment 02 Drug/alcohol induced behaviour 03 Drug overdose 04 Attempted suicide/self-mutilation 05 Suicidal threats/ideas/fantasies 06 Depression 07 Anxiety/tension 08 Psychotic behaviour/symptoms 09 Hallucinations 0 Delusions Paranoid behaviour symptoms 2 Disjointed speech/thought disorder 3 Nervous breakdown 4 Neurological symptoms (i.e. epilepsy, blackouts, memory loss) 5 Sleeping disorder/problem 6 Delinquent behaviour 7 Truancy 8 Behavioural problems 9 Aggressive behaviour 20 Verbally aggressive/threatening behaviour 2 Assaultive behaviour towards others 22 Destructive behaviour 23 Non-compliant behaviour

86 24 Deviant sexual behaviour/thinking 25 Other bizarre behaviour/thinking 26 Despondent/crying 27 Hunger strikes 28 Coma 29 Concussions 30 Serious head injury requiring hospitalization 3 Head injury resulting in permanent disability or impairment. 32 Other neurological disorder/problem 33 Other 77 Not specified 99 Missing 2.i Any history of psychiatric symptoms or unusual behaviour episodes during any previous periods of incaration: Record each, 0 to 6, as: yes 2 No 7 Not specified 9 Missing 2.ii If incidents during current incarceration, please note. Begin with most severe or most frequent and record up to a limit of five: Same as Question 20.ii 22 Prior to DO finding, any specific psychiatric or psychological diagnosis: 0 No diagnosis Prison diagnosis 2 Community diagnosis 3 Prison and community diagnosis 7 Not specified 9 Missing 23.i Indicate date of the specific diagnosis prior DO finding: Begin with the most recent and record up to a limit of five. 77/77/77 Not applicable/no diagnosis made 97/97/97 Not specified 99/99/99 Missing 23.ii Use the Diagnostic Statistical Manuel III (DSM III, 980) to code any diagnosis made prior DO finding.

87 23. Diagnosis prior current DO finding made by: 0 No diagnosis made Prison psychiatrist 2 Community psychiatrist 3 Crown psychiatrist 4 Defense psychiatrist 5 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 24. Incidents of psychiatric symptoms or unusual behaviour noted during the index offence. Begin with most severe or most frequent and record up to a limit of five: Same as Question 20.ii 25.i Date of the specific psychiatric or psychological diagnosis of offender's mental state during index offence: 77/77/77 Not applicable/no diagnosis made 97/97/97 Date not specified 99/99/99 Missing 25.ii Use the DSM III to code any diagnosis made. 25.iii Diagnosis of mental state during index offence made by: 0 No diagnosis made Prison psychiatrist 2 Community psychiatrist 3 Crown psychiatrist 4 Defense psychiatrist 5 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 26. Psychiatric or unusual behaviour episodes during current sentence: 0 None recorded Mild symptoms requiring professional attention 2 Moderate disturbance requiring professional attention 3 Serious disturbance requiring professional attention/ observation/medication and or treatment 7 Not specified 9 Missing

88 26.ii Type of incidents noted during current sentence. Begin with most severe or serious and record up to a limit of five. Same as Question 20.ii 27. Date of diagnosis made during current sentence: 77/77/77 Not applicable/no diagnosis made 97/97/97 Date not specified 99/99/99 Missing 27.ii Use the DSM III to code any diagnosis made during current sentence. 27. Diagnosis during current sentence made by whom: 0 No diagnosis made Prison psychiatrist 2 Community psychiatrist 3 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 28.ia Type of medication used as treatment for any mental or behavioural problems during current incarceration (last 2 months). Record up to a limit of five: 0 No meds used For epilepsy 2 Depo-provera 3 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 28.ib Number of series (times) meds administered (last 2 months) 0 No meds administered One time only 2 Weekly. 3 Bi-weekly 4 Monthly 5 Bi-monthly 6 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing

89 28.ic Total duration in weeks meds received (last 2 months): 00 No meds received 77 Not specified 99 Missing 28.iia Type of occasional therapy/counselling used as treatment for mental/behavioural problems during current incarceration (last 2 months): 0 No occasional therapy received 7 Kind of occasional therapy not specified 9 Missing 28.iib Number of series or times therapy received (last 2 months) 0 No occasional therapy received One time only 2 Weekly 3 Bi-weekly 4 Monthly 5 Bi-monthly 6 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 28.iic Total duration in weeks occasional therapy received (last 2 months) 00 No therapy received 77 Not specified 99 Missing 28.iiia Type of regular therapy/counselling received for mental or behavioural problems during current incaration (last 2 months): 0 No regular therapy received 7 Kind of regular therapy not specified 9 Missing 28.iiib Number of series (times) regular therapy received (last 2 months): 0 No regular therapy received One time only 2 Weekly 3 Bi-weekly 4 Monthly 5 Bi-monthly

90 6 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 28.iiic Total duration in weeks regular therapy received (last 2 months): 00 No regular therapy received 77 Not specified 99 Missing 29.ia Number of times housed in prison hospital for mental or behavioural problems during current incarceration (last 2 months): 0 Never 7 Not specified 9 Missing 29.ib Duration of stay (in weeks) in prison hospital (last 2 months): 00 Was not hospitalized 77 Not specified 99 Missing 29.iia Number of times transferred to a Regional Psychiatric Centre for mental/behavioural problems during current incarceration (last 2 months): 0 Never transferred 7 Not specified 9 Missing 29.iib Duration of stay (in weeks) at Regional Psychiatric Centre (RPC) (last 2 months): 00 Was not at RPC 77 Not specified 99 Missing 29.iiia Number of times institutionalized in any other facility for mental/behavioural problems during current incarceration (last 2 months): 0 Never institutionalized in other facility 7 Not specified 9 Missing

91 29.iiib Duration of stay (in weeks) in other facility (last 2 months): 00 Not in other facility 77 Not specified 99 Missing 30. List all other major treatments received during current incarceration NOT in last 2 months: Record most important ones (relating to offence or mental/ behavioural problems) up to a limit of five: 0 No other major treatment received 7 Not specified 9 Missing 3.ia Prognosis made regarding any major treatment received: 0 No prognosis made Excellent 2 Very good 3 Good 4 Fair 5 Poor 7 Not specified 9 Missing 3.ib Record any comments made regarding treatment prognosis: 3.ic Date prognosis made: 00/00/00 No prognosis made 77/77/77 Not specified 99/99/99 Missing 3.id Prognosis regarding treatment made by whom: 0 No prognosis made Prison psychiatrist/doctor 2 Community psychiatrist/doctor 3 Case management team 4 Classification officer 5 Parole officer 6 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing

92 3.ie Context within which treatment prognosis made: 0 No prognosis made At time of DO finding 2 Upon admission to penetentiary 3 Upon assessment for treatment 4 Upon termination of treatment 5 At time of parole hearing 6 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 3.iia Progress in any major treatment received: 0 No treatment Excellent 2 Very good 3 Good 4 Fair 5 Poor 7 Not specified 9 Missing 3.iib Record any comments made regarding treatment progress: 3.iic Date treatment progress recorded: 00/00/00 No treatment 77/77/77 Not specified 99/99/99 Missing 3.iid Comment regarding treatment progress made by whom: 0 No comment made Prison psychiatrist/doctor 2 Community psychiatrist/doctor 3 Case management team 4 Classification officer 5 Parole officer 6 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 3.iie Context within which comment regarding treatment progress was made in: 0 No treatment/progress comment During treatment 2 Upon termination of treatment 7 Not specified 9 Missing

93 3.iiia Motivation regarding any major treatment received: 0 No treatment received Excellent 2 Very good 3 Good 4 Fair 5 Poor 7 Not specified 9 Missing 3.iiib Record any comments made about motivation regarding any major treatment received: 3.iiic Date remark regarding treatment motivation was made: 00/00/00 No treatment 77/77/77 Not specified 99/99/99 Missing 3.iiid Comment regarding treatment motivation made by whom: 0 No treatment/comment Prison psychiatrist/doctor 2 Community psychiatrist/doctor 3 Case management team 4 Classification officer 5 Parole officer 6 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 3. e Context within which comment regarding treatment motivation was made: 0 No treatment/comment At time of DO finding 2 Upon admission to penetentiary 3 Upon assessment for treatment 4 Upon termination of treatment 5 At time of parole hearing 6 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing

94 Previous Offence and Incarceration Data 32. To record previous convictions data, follow Finger Print Service (FPS) sheet and begin with first conviction ever. Note when released on parole or mandatory suypervision as well as any revocations and recommittments. 32.i Record date from FPS sheet. 32. Record offence from FPS sheet. 32.iii Record number of counts for specific offence from FPS sheet. 32. v To code offences, use Offender Information System (OIS) offence listings attached.

95 J uarm 25? 985 CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA PAGE SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU. CANADA, OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 993 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE cl 023 ACC AFTER THE FACT COMP APRES LE FAIT TREASON TRAHISON A TREAS, OVERTHROW GOV/CAN. TRAM, RENV, GOUV/CAN, TREASON HAND OVER DOC. TRAH, REMET DOC, C CONSP, COMM. H/TREASON COMP. COMM. H/TRAH. 4 I 0490A ALARM HER MAJESTY CAUSE B.H. TO HER MAJ ASSISTING ALIEN ENEMY ALARME SA MAJESTE CAUSE L.C. A SA MAJ AIDER SUJETENNEMI A 0528 INTIMIDATE PARLIAMENT SABOTAGE SECURITY/CANADA SABOTAGE SEC/OTHER COUN INTIMIDER LE PARLEMENT - SABOTAGE SEC/CANADA SABOTAGE SEC/AUTRES PAYS A INCITE MUTINY INCITE MUTINERIE B INCITE MUTINY INCITE MUTINERIE ASSIST DESERTER AIDE DESERTEUR A OFF REL RCMP DESERT INFRAC REL GRC DESERTER OFF REL RCMP CONCEAL ' INFRAC REL GRC CACHER C OFF REL RCMP ASSIST INFRAC REL - GRC ASSISTER A ' FORGERY OF PASSPORT FAUX PASSEPORT UTTERING FORGED PASSPORT USAGE FAUX PASSEPORT FALSE STAT PROC PASSPORT FAUSSE DECLAR OBT PASSEP POSS FORGED PASSPORT FOSS FAUX PASSEPORT A FRAUD USE CERT OF.CIT EMPLOI FRAUD CERT DE CIT PARTS FOSS CERT FRAUD USE DEPART POSS CERT FRAUD A SEDITION-SPEAK SEDITION-PARLER B SEDITION-PUBLISH SEDITION-PUBLIER 4

96 nuar..e. -Je IYUp CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA PAGE 2 SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS I IC 0620C OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE SEDITION CONSPIRACY 'SÉDITION CONSPIRER 4 063A MILITARY OFF INTERFERS INFRAC MILITAIRES ENTRAVE B MILITARY OFF PUBLISH INFRAC *MILITAIRES PUBLIER C MILITARY OFF ADVISE INFRAC MILITAIRES CONSEIL RIOT EMEUTE UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY ATTROUPEMENT ILLEGAL A OPPOSE PERS MAKING FROC ENTRAVE PERS FAIRE PROC B NOT DISPERSE PEACEFULLY NE DISPERSE PAS PAISIBLE C NOT DEPART WITHIN 30 MIN NE QUITTE PAS DELAY 30 MI A NEGLECT BY PEACE dff. ORDER BY GOV PROH ASSEM NEGLIG, PAR AGENT/PAIX 02 DECRETS DU GOUV INT ASSEM B ORDER BY GOV PRO TRN ASSM DÉCRETS DU GOUV INT ENTRN A CHALLENGES PERS TO DUEL DEFIE PERS A UN DUEL B ATTEMPTS TO PROVOKE DUEL TENTE PROVOQUER DUEL C ACCEPTS TO FIGHT DUEL ACCEPTE SE BA:TTRE EN DUEL FORCIBLE ENTRY PRISE PUS PAR FORCE PIRACY PIRATERIE A STEALS CANADIAN SHIP VOLE UN NAVIRE CANADIEN B DESTROYS PART OF CARGO DETRUIT PARTIE CARGAISON C DOES/ATTEMPTS MUTINY COMMET/TENTE ACTE MUTIN 4 076A HIJACK CONFINE PERSON DETOURNER SEQUESTRER PERS B HIJACK TRANSPORT.PERSON DETOURNER TRANSPORTER PER C 076 D HIJACK FOR RANSOM HIJACK DEVIATE FROM RTE. DETOURNEMENT POUR RANCON 99 DETOURNER DEVIER ROUTE 99

97 -J Il uarv 25" 985 CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA PAGE 3 SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS CI 0762A OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY' 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER' 983 DESCRIPTION S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE EMDANG. SAFETY/AIRCRAFT ATTEINT. SECURITE/AERONEF R ENDANG, SAFETY/AIRCRAFT ATTEINT. SECURITE/AERONEF C ENDANG. SAFETY/AIRCRAFT ATTEINT. SECURITE/AERONEF D ENDANG..SAFETY/AIRCRAFT. ATTEINT. SECURITE/AERONEF E ENDANG. SAFETY/AIRCRAFT ATTEINT, SECURITE/AERONEF A OFF, WEAPON/EXPLOS. SUBS. ARMES OFF./SUBS.EXPLOS. 4 I 0763B 0780A 0780B OFF. WEAPON/EXPLOS. SUBS, BREACH DUTY CAUSE DEATH BREACH DUTY"CAUSE BH ARMES OFF./SUBS. EXPLOS. 4 MANQUE PREC CAUSE MORT 99 MANQUE PREC CAUSE LES COR 4 079A EXPLOSION WITH INTENT EXPLOSION AVEC INTENT B EXP W/INT CBH EXP A/INT LES CORP C EXP W/INT DAM, PROPe EXP A/INT DOM PROP 4 079D POSS EXPLOSIVES POSS EXPLOSIFS A. POSS EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES POSS EXPLOSIFS POSS BOMB GRENADE ETC POSS BOMBE GRENADE ETC 05 08A ENGAGE IN PRIZE FIGHT LIVRE COMBAT 'CONCERTE 00 08B ENCOURAGES PRIZE FIGHT ENCOURAGE COMBAT CONCERTE 00 08C PRESENT AT PRIZE FIGHT ASSISTE COMBAT CONCERTE, A 0836 USE OF FIREARM COMMIT. USE OF FIREARM FLIGHT USAGE ARME A FEU PERPET 4 USAGE ARME A FEU FUITE 4 084A POINT FIREARM BRAQUE ARME A FEU IB POINT FIREARM S BRAQUE ARME A FEU S A CARELESS USE FIREARM USAGE NEG ARME A FEU CARELESS USE FIREARM S USAGE NEG ARME A FEU S POSS OF WEAPON PORT ARME 0

98 llruarv 25, 985 CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA PAGE 4 SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE A 0870B 088A 088B 0882A 0882B 089A 089B 0892A POSS WEAPON AT MEETING CARRY CONCEALED WEAPON CARRY éoncealed WEAPON-S PnS PROH WEAPON POSS PROH WEAPON-S PROH WEAPON IN MV PROH WEAPON IN MV-S POSS UNREG REST WEAPON POSS UNREG REST WEAPON-S POSS WEAPON OTHER PLACE PORT ARME ASSEMBLEE PUB 00 PORT ARME DISSIMULEE 05 PORT ARME DISSIMULEE-S 00 POSS ARME PROH 05 POSS ARME PROH-S 00 ARME PROH DANS VEHICULE 05 ARME PROH DANS VEHICULE-S 00 POSS ARME REST NON ENREG. 05 POSS ARME REST N ENREG-S 00 POSS ARME AILLEURS B POSS. WEAPON OTHER PLACE-S POSS ARME AILLEURS-S A 089iB 09A 09B 0920A A 0930B 094A 094B 0943A 0943B 095A REST WEAPON IN MV REST WEAPON IN MV-S TRANS FIREARM PERS 6 TRANS FIREARM PERS 6-S WRONGFUL DELV FIREARMS WRONGFUL.DELV FIREARMS-S IMPORT/DEL PROH WEAPON IMPORT/DEL PROH WEAPON-S DEL REST WEAPON NO PERMIT DEL REST WEAP NO PERMIT-S IMPORT REST WEAPON IMPORT REST WEAPON-S DEL FIREARM NO ACQ CERT ARME REST DANS VEHICULE 05 ARME REST DANS VEHICULE-S 00 TRANS ARME PERS MNS 6 02 TRANS ARME PERS MNS 6-S 00 LIVRAISON ILL ARME A FEU 05 LIVRE ILL ARME A FEU-S 00 IMPORT/LIV ARNES PROH 05 IMPORT/LIV ARMES PROH-S 00 LIV ARME REST SANS PERMIS 05 LIV ARME REST SANS PERM-S 00 IMPORT ARME REST 05 IMPORT ARME REST-S 00 LIV ARME SANS CERT ACO 02

99 ir tuarw 2.:-.r IYLiti CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA PAGE 5 SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE.D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE Cr 095B DEL FIREARM NO ACG CERT-S LIV ARME SANS CERT ACO-S A ACQ FIREARM NO ACG CERT ACO ARME A FEU SANS CERT B ACO FIREARM NO ACQ CERT-S ACO ARME SANS. CERT-S POSS WEAPON WHILE PROH POSS ARME PROH PAR COUR A ALT DEF REM SERIAL MOD MAG EFF t SERIE B POSS. ALT. SERIAL POSS. tserie MOD A 025B 038A FOUND LOST MISL STOL WEAP FND LOST MISL STOL WEAP-S FIREARMS AND OTHER BUS TROUVE PERDU EGARE VOLE 05 TROUVE PERD EGARD VOLE-S 00 FAB ARME A FEU/AUTRES B FIREARMS AND OTHER BUS-'.5 FAB ARME A FEU/AUTRES-S FALSE STAT PROC ACO CERT FAUSSE DECL OBI CERT ACG 02 ' A 08B TAMPER WITH ACO CERT FAILURE TO COMPLY COND ACCEPT BRIBE BY JUDICARY OFFERS BRIDE TO JUDICARY FALSIFIE AUT CERT ACQ 02 INOB MOD DU PERMIS 02 ACCEPTE RECOMPENSE JUDIC 4 OFFRE RECOMPENSE A JUDIC 4 090A ACCEPTS/ATTEMPTS BRIBERY ACCEPTE/TENTE CORRUPT 4 090B GIVES/OFFERS BRIBE DONNE/OFFRE RECOMPENSE 4 03 FRAUD UPON GOVERNEMENT FRAUDES ENVERS GOUVERN 05 0 BREACH TRUST BY PUB OFF ABUS DE CONF PAR FONC PUB 05 2 MUNICIPAL CORRUPTION ACTES CORR AFF MUNICIPALE INFLUENCE MUNICIPAL OFF INFLUENCE FONCT MUNIC 02 30A SELL OR PURCHASE OFFICE ACHAT OU VENTE DE CHARGE 05 30B GIVES REWARD/PROFIT APP DONNE REC/BEN NOMINATION 05 40A EXERCISE INFLU SEC APP. EXERCISE INFLU OBI NON 05 40B SOLICTS IN RESPECT APP SOLICITE NOMINATION 05

100 Ïc iauer'e.. 7 7OU 40C GURNECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA PAGE 6 SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCETLISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE KEEPS PLACE FOR TRANS 5 DISOBEY A STATUTE 6 DISOBEY ORDER OF COURT MAINTIENT ETAB POUR NEG 05 DESOBEIR UNE LOI 02 DESOBEIR ORDRE DE LA COUR 02 70A MISCONDUCT EXECUTION PROC PREVARICATION EXEC ACTE 02 70B 80D MAKES FALSE RETURN PROC OBSTRUCT PEACE OFFICER PRESENTE FAUX RAPP-ACTE 02 ENTRAVER AGENT DE PAIX 02 80E OMITS TO ASSIST PEACE OFF OMET ASSISTER AGENT 00 90A PERSONATING PEACE OFFICER 'FRET ETRE AGENT DE PAIX 00 90B USE BADGE TO IMPERSONATE EMPLOI INSIGNE ET PRETEND 00 2 PERJURY 220 FALSE STATEMENTS 22 FALSE-STATEMENTS-S 24 WITNESS GIV CONT EVIDENCE 250 FABRICATE EVIDENCE 260A AFFIDAVIT-SIGN WRITING 260B AFFIDAVIT-USES/OFFERS 260C AFFIDAVIT-SIGN AFFIANT 27C OBSTRUCT JUSTICE 27D OBSTRUCT JUSTICE-S 280E PUBLIC MISCHIEF 280F PUBLIC MISCHIEF-S 290 COMPOUND INDICTAB.LE OFF 300 CORR TAKING REWARD 30 ADVERTISE REWARD PARJURE 4 FAUSSES DECLARATIONS 4 FAUSSES DECLARATION-S 00 TEMOIGNAGES CONTRAD 4 FABRICATION DE PREUVE 4 AFFIDAVIT-SIGNE 02 AFFIDAVIT-EMPLOIE 0' AFFIDAVIT-AUTEUR 02 ENTRAVE LA JUSTICE 02 ENTRAVE LA JUSTICE-S 00 MEFAIT PUBLIC 05 MEFAIT PUBLIC-S 00 COMPOSE AVEC ACTE CRIM 02 ACC VENALE DE RECOMPENSE 05 OFFRE DE RECOMPENSE 00

101 inuarw YdD OURNELIIUNAL SERVICE OF CANADA SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS PAUE Y OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE. ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE tc 320A 320B PRISON BREACH-VIOLENCE PRISON BREACH-W INTENT BRIS DE PRISON-VIOLENCE 0 BRIS DE PRISON-AVEC INT 0 33A ESCAPE LAWFUL CUSTODY EVASION DE GARDE LEGALE 02 33B UNLAWFULLY AT LARGE ILLEGALEMENT EN LIBERTE A FAILURE TO ATTEND COURT NON COMP AU TRIBUNAL FAILURE TO ATTEND CRT-S NON COMP AU TRIBUNAL-S A BREACH OF CONDITION VIOLATION DE CONDITION BREACH OF CONDITION-S VIOLATION DE CONDITION-S A SUMMONS FAIL TO APPEAR CITATION NON COMPARUTION 02 I A SUMMONS FAIL TO APPEAR-S FAIL TO ATTEND APPEAR 'NOTICE FAIL TO APP CITATION N COMPARUTION-S 00 OMET DE COMPARAITRE 02 AVIS COMP NON COMP APP NOTICE FAIL TO APP-S AVIS COMP NON COMP-S A PERMITS ESCAPE PERMET EVASION FACILITATES ESCAPE FACILITE EVASION C DIRECTS ESCAPE ORDONNE EVASION A RESCUE/ASSIST ESCAPE DELIVRE/AIDE EVASION PO VOL PERMITS ESC AGENT PERMET VOL EVASION C PERMITS ESC LAW.CUST PERMET EVASION GARDLEG A ASSIST PRIS WAR CANADA AIDER PRIS GUERRE CAN ASSIST PRIS WAR PAROLE AIDER PRIS GUERRE L.C RAPE VIOL ATTEMPT RAPE TENTATIVE DE VIOL 0 46 SEXUAL INTER FEM LESS 4 RAPP SEXUEL FEM MOINS SEXUAL INTER FEM LESS 6 RAPP SEXUEL FEM MOINS 6 05

102 t,tjningt,.jvien. ur rhul SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS 7.:cc OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE SEXUAL INTER WITH FEEBMIN INDECENT ASSAULT FEMALE INCEST RAPP SEXUEL FAIBLE ESPRIT 05 AIT PUDEUR FEMME 05 INCESTE 4 50 SEDUCTION FEM LESS 8 SED FEMME MOINS SED PROMISE MARRIAGE SEL' SOUS PROM MARIAGE 02 53A SEX INTER WITH STEP DAUGH RAPP SEX AVEC BELLE FILLE 02 53B SEX INTER WITH FEM EMP RAPP SEX AVEC EMP FEM SED FEM PASS ON VESSEL SED PASS FEM BORD NAVIRE BUGGERY OR BESTIALITY SODOMIE OU BESTIALITE 4 (II A 650A INDECENT ASSAULT ON MALE ACTS OF GROSS INDECENCY MAKE OBSCENE MOVIE CORRUPT MORALS AIT PUDEUR PERS MASC ACTES DE GROSS INDEC PROD, DE FILMS OBSCENES CORRUPTION DES MOEURS CORRUPT MORALS-S CORRUPTION DES MOEURS-S C PROC DEFI FEM LESS 4 CAUSE DEFLO FEM MOT.) D PROC DEFT FEM MORE 4 CAUSE DEFLO FEM PLUS A PERMIT DEFILEMENT-OWNER PERMET LE DEFLO- PROF PERMIT DEFILEMENT-MANAGE PERMET LE DEFLO-ADM CORNJPT CHILDREN CORRUPTION D'ENFANTS A INDECENT ACTS-PUBLIC ACTIONS INDEC-END PUB INDECENT ACTS-TO INSULT ACTIONS INDEC-INSULTER 00 70A NUDITY-PUBLIC PLACE NUDITE-ENDROIT PUBLIQUE NUDITY-PRIVATE PROP NUDITE-PROP PRIVE 00 7 CAUSING DISTURBANCE TROUBLER LA PAIX 00

103 LUKKLUIlUNAL btkvill-ue.uhnhmh SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA Y OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS : CO OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE 72 OBSTRUCT OFF CLERGYMAN 722. DIST RELIGIOUS WORSHIP 723 DIST SOLEMNITY 730 TRESPASSING AT NIGHT 740 OFFENSIVE VOLATILE SUBS 752 VAGRANCY GENE MINISTRE DU CULTE TROUBLER OFFICES REL PERTURBER ASS RELIGIEUX INTRUSION LA NUIT SUBS VOLATISE MALFAISANTE 00 VAGABONDAGE A ENDANGER PUBLIC 76B CAUSE PHYSICAL INJURY 770 SPREAD FALSE NEWS MET EN DANGER-VIE PUB CAUSE LESION PHYSIQUE DIFFUSION FAUSSES NOUV A INDIGNITY DEAD BODY INDIGNITY CADAVRE B NEGLECT DEAD BODY NEGLIGENCE DE CADAVRE POSS. ELECTRONIC DEVICE 782 DISCLOSURE OF INFO, 840 OBSTRUCT EXEC OF WARRANT 85 KEEP GAMI.NG HOUSE POSS. APP. ELECTRONIQUE DEVULGATION D'INFO. ENTRAVE EXEC MANDAT TENIR MAISON DE JEU PERSON FOUND IN PERS TROUV MAISON DE JEU BETTING ETC GAGURE ETC PLACING BETS PLACER DES PARIS A VIOLATIONS BETS VIOLATIONS PARIS B VIOLATIONS BETS-S VIOLATIONS PARIS-S OFF REL TO LOTTERIES LOTERIES JEUX DE HASARD BYING OR RECEIV TICKETS ACHETER OU RECEV BILLETS CONDUCT LOTTERY ' CONDUIRE LOTERIE RECEIVE LOTTERY TICKETS RECOIT BILLETS DE LOT 00 9 GAMBLE IN PUBLIC CONV JEU DANS VEHICULE PUB 02

104 d4u, 70,J t,unincullupteil KVIL.C. ur rd-8ul IV SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS Cir OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALEb JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 993 DESCRIPTION -8 = SUMMARY.OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE POSTING UP SECTION CHEATING AT GAMING KEEP COMMON BAWDY HOUSE AFFICHE PRESENT ARTICLE 00 TRICHER AU JEU 02 TIENT MAISON DEBAUCHE FOUND IN COM BAWDY HOUSE TROUVER DANS MAISON DEB J TRANSPORT TO BAWDY HOUSE PROCURING SOLICITING-S LIVES ON AVAILS OF PROST, TRANSPORT A MAISON DEB 00 PROXENETISME 0- SOLLICITATION-S 00 VIT DES PROD. DE PROST A FAIL TO PROVIDE-CHILDREN OMIS FOURNIR PROV-ENFANTS B FAIL TO PROVIDE-SPOUSE OMIS FOURNIR PROV-CONJOIN ABANDON CHILD ABANDON ENFANT A 200B CAUSE BH TO SERVANT FAIL TO PROV. FOR SERVANT CAUSE DEATH BY CRIM NEGL CAUSE BH BY CRIM NEG CAUSE LESIONS CORP SERV 02 OMET FOURNIR SERVICE NEC 02 CAUSE MORT PAR. NEG CRIM 99 CAUSE LESIONS CORP PAR NC 0 24 CAPITAL MURDER MEURTRE QUALIFIE NON CAPITAL MURDER- CAP MURDER PERS LESS 8 MURDER REDUC TO MANSLAUG FIRST DEGREE MURDER SECOND DEGREE MURDER MURDER BY PERS LT 6 YRS MANSLAUGHTER MEUTRE NON QUALIFIE 99 NEUTRE QUAL PERS MOINS 8 99 MEUTRE REDUIT HOM INV 99 MEURTRE AU PREMIER DEGRE 99 MEURTRE AU SECOND DEGRE 99 MEURTRE P/PERS MN 6 A. 99 HOMICIDE INVOLONTAIRE INFANTICIDE INFANTICIDE 05

105 Le 4... II ( V%, SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE CCC 22 KILL UNBORN CHILD 2220 ATTEMPT MURDER 2230 ACC AFTER FACT TO MURDER 2240A COUNSEL SUICIDE AIDING SUICIDE 2260 NEGLECT OBT ASS CHILDBIRT 2270 CONCEAL BODY OF CHILD 2280 CAUSE BH W/INT 2280A CAUSE RH TO WOUND 2280B CAUSE Big END LIFE 2280C CAUSE BH PREV ARREST 2290A A.DM NOXIOUS THING-nil 2290B ADM NOXIOÙS THING-ANNOY 2300A ATTEMPTS CHOKE/STRANGLE ADMINISTER OVER DRUG 23 TRAPS TO CAUSE BH 2320 INTER WITH TRANSP FAC TUER ENFANT NON NE TENTATIVE MEURTRE COMP MEUTRE APRES LE FAIT 99 CONSEILLE.LE SUICIDE 4 AIDER LE SUICIDE 4 NEC PROC ASS NAISSANCE 05 SUPPRESSION DE CADAVRE 02 CAUSE LC A/INT 4 CAUSE LES CORP-BLESSER 4 CAUSE LC METTRE EN DANG 4 CAUSE LC EMP ARRET 4 ADM SUPS DELETERE-CLC 4 ADM SUBS DELETERE-TOURM 02 TENTE ETOUFFER/ETRANGLER 99 ADMINISTRE CHOSE STUP 99 TRAPPES SUSC CAUSER LES C 05 NUIRE AUX MOYENS DE TRANS A CRIM NEC OPERATE MV NEC CRIM OPER VEHICULE CRIM NEC OPERATE MV-S 2332A FAIL TO STOP SCENE ACC FAIL TO STOP SCENE ACC-S 2334A DANGEROUS DRIVING DANGEROUS DRIVINa-S 2 74A IMPAIRED DRIV-OFF 2343 IMPAIRED DRIV-OFF2 NEC CRIN OPER VEHICULE-S 00 DELIT DE FUITE 02 DELIT DE FUITE-S 00 CON CONDUITE DANGEREUSE 02 CONDUITE DANGEREUSE-S 00 CAP AFF PAR ALC-INF 00 CAP AFF PAR ALC-INF2 0

106 !: '. QLI V...0 UV t...mélewm rhut SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS. CCC 234C OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE IMPAIRED DRIV OFFS CAP AFF PAR ALC INFS REFUSE BREATHALIZER REFUSE ALCOTEST A FAIL PROV SAMP OFF OMIS PROD ECHANT INF B FAIL PROV SAMP OFF2 OMIS PROD ECHANT INF C FAIL PROV SAMP OFFS OMIS PROD ECHANT INFS A DRIVE MORE 80MOS OFF COND TAUX EXC 80 INF B DRIVE MORE 80MGS OFF2 COND TAUX EXC 80 INF C DRIVE MORE 80MGS OFFS COND TAUX EXC 80 INFS A DRIVE WHILE DISQUALIFIED COND PENDANT INTERDICTION B DRIVE WHILE DISQUAL S COND PENDANT INTERDICT S MV EQUIPPED WITH SMOKE SC VM MUNI APP A FUMEE BANG OPER OF VESSEL COND BANG UN BATEAU FAIL KEEP WATCH PERS TOW OMIS SURV PERS REMORQUE TOW PERS AFTER DARK REMORQUE PERS LA NUIT OPERATE VESSEL WHILE IMP COND BATEAU GAP AFF FAIL STOP AT SCENE ACC DELIT DE FUITE OPER VESSEL WHILE DISQ COND BATEAU PENDANT INTER FAIL TO PROVIDE.SAMPLE REFUSE DE FOURNIR ECHANT OPERATE VESSEL WITH 80MOS COND BATEAU AVEC 80MGS A IMPEDING ATT SAVE LIFE EMPECHER SAUVER UNE VIE 0 240B IMPEDE AIT SAVE LIFE N/C EMPECHE SAUVER VIE S/M A DUTY TO SAFEGUARD MANS DEVOIR PROTEGER HOM.INV B DUTY TO SAFEGUARD CDH DEVOIR PROTEGER LES.CORP C DUTY TO SAFEGUARD S DEVOIR DE PROTEGER S 00

107 Il...rààr...4 adf.w., jrtri_ QCP.VIL C. Ur lormell. el r Ur. lu) SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE.DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE, CCC 243A SEND UNSEAW SHIP-CANADA ENVOIE NAVIRE INAV-CANADA B SEND UNSEA SHIP-U.S.A. ENVOIE NAVIRE INAV-U.S.A A ASSAULT VOIES DE FAIT ASSAULT-S VOIES DE FAIT-S A ASSAULT W/WEAPON AGRESSION ARMEE 0 245B ASSAULT CAUSING RH AGRESSION CAUSANT LC 0 245X COMMON ASSAULT VOIES DE FAIT SIMPLES AGGRAVATED ASSAULT VOIES DE FAIT GRAVES X ASSAULT CAUSING 5H-S VOIES DE FAITS CAUS LC-S X ASSAULT CAUSING RH VOIES DE FAITS CAUSANT LC UNLAWFULLY ASSAULT - INFLIC. ILL, LC A ASSAULT PEACE OFF, VOIES DE FAIT C/AGENT ASSAULT PEACE OFF.-S VOIES DE FAIT C/AGENT-S A SEXUAL ASSAULT AGRESSION SEXUELLE SEXUAL ASSAULT-S AGRESSION SEXUELLE-S X ASSAULT WITH INTENT VOIES DE FAIT «AVEC INT A SEXUAL ASSAULT W/WEAPON -AGRESSION SEXUELLE ARMEE SEXUAL ASSAULT CBH AGRESSION SEXUELLE CLC X ASS, PUBLIC OFF. V. DE FAIT FONC..PUB X OTHER ASSAULTS-S AUTRES VOIES DE FAIT-S AGGRAVATED SEX. ASSAULT AGRESSION SEX. GRAVE PUBLICATION PROH,-S DIFFUSION INTER.-S A KIDNAPPING-CONFINED ENLEVEMENT-SEQUESTRER KIDNAPPING-TRANSP OUT ENLEVEMENT-TRANSP HORS C KIDNAPPING-HOLD RANSOM ENLEVEMENT-D.ETENIR RANCON 99

108 II r,...er.-+ ri..! rerr ( uuks.i uul4uixmu eica:ve c. ur L.HVÎMMH raut 4 SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA. OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY? 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE 2472 FORCIBLE CONFINEMENT SEQUESTRATION X 2480X ABDUCT FEMALE MARRY ABDUCT FEMALE CAUSE MAR RAPT PERS FEM EPOUSER 0 RAPT PERS FEM FAIRE EPOUS ABDUCT FEM UNDER 6 ENLEV. PERS. MOINS X ABDUCT FEMALE UNDER 6 RAPT PERS. MOINS ABDUCT FEM. UNDER 4 ENLEV. PERS MOINS A ABDUCT CONT/CUST. ORDER ENLEV. CONT/ORD. DE GARDE 0 250B ABDUCT C/CUST. ORDER S ENL. C/ORDON, DE GARDE S 00 ( 250X 250X..2502A ABDUCT F UNDER 4 ENTICE ABDUCT F UNDER 4 HARBOUR ABDUCT Na CUST. ORDER RAPT F MOINS 4 ENTRAINE 0 RAPT F MOINS 4 HEBERGE 0 ENLEV. ABS./ORD. DE GARDE B ABD, NO CUST. ORDER S ENL. ABS./ORD. DE GARDE S X 257A 257B 2580A 2580B 2590 PROCURE MISCARRIAGE PROCURE OWN MISCARRIAGE SUPPLY NOXIOUS THINGS COM VENEREAL DISEASE BIGAMY PROCURE FEIGNED MARRIAGE PROCURE FEIGNED MARRIAGE POLYGAMY PRACTICE POLYGAMY CELEBRATE RITE SOLEMNIZE MAR NO AUT FROC PERS NO AUT SOLEM MARRIAGE CONT TO LAW PROCURE AVORTEMENT 99 PROCURE SON PROPRE AVORT 02 FOURNIR SUBS DELETERES 02 COM MALADIE VENERIENNE 00 BIGAMIE 05 PROCURE MARIAGE FEINT 05 PROCURE MARIAGE FEINT 05 POLYGAMIE PRATIQUE 05 POLYGAMIE CELEBRE RITE 05 CELEBRE MARIAGE SANS AUT 02 AMENE PERS SANS AUT CEL 02 MARIAGE CONTRE LA LOI 02

109 ..!Li\VILL ur 4HHVH SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA PAGE 5 OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER' 983 DESCRIPTION -.S. = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE :CC 260 PUBLISH BLASPHAMOUS LIBEL PUBLIE LIBELLE BLASPHEMAT PUBLISH FALSE LIBEL PUBLIE LIBELLE FAUX PUBLISH DEFAMATORY LIBEL PUBLIE LIBELLE DIFFAMATOI EXTORTION BY LIBEL EXTORSION PAR LIBELLE ADVOCATE GENOCIDE ENCOURAGE LE GENOCIDE PUBLIC INCITE HATRED INCITE LA HAINE WILFULLY PROMOTE HATRED FOMENTE VOLONT LA HAINE THEFT VOL THEFT BY PERS REO TO ACC VOL PAR PERS-REND COMPTE A T.HEFT OVER 200 VOL PLUS B THEFT UNDER 200 VOL MOINS TAKE MV WITHOUT CONSENT PREND VEHICULE SANS PERM CRIMINAL BREACH OF TRUST ABUS DE CONFIANCE GRIM A PUBLIC SERVANT REFUSE DEL THEFT OF CATTLE FRAUD TAKE HOLD SELL CONC EMP PUB REFUSE REMETTRE VOL DE BESTIAUX FRAUD PREND GARDE VEND B FRAUD ALTER/DEFACE BRAND FRAUD EFFACE/ALTERE MARO TAKE POSS DRIFT LUMBER PREND FOSS BOIS DERIVE DEAL IN SECONDHAND GOODS FRIPIERS ET REVENDEURS A DESTROY TITLEGOODS/LANDS DETRUIT TITRE MARCHANDISE B DESTROY SECURITY/TEST DETRUIT VALEUR/TESTAMENT C DESTROY JUDICIAL/OFF DOC DETRUIT DOC JUD/OFF FRAUD CONCEALEMENT. CACHE FRAUDULEUSEMENT 02 30C POSS. CREDIT CARD POSS, CARTES DE CREDIT 0 30E THEFT/FORG CREDIT CARD. VOL CARTES DE CREDIT 0

110 - ockviut. ur (..,4«HMH rmut SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE. DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE CCC 30F 3020A 3020B THEFT/FORG CREDIT CARD-S ROBBERY THREATS VIOLENCE ROBBERY WITH VIOLENCE VOL CARTES DE CREDIT-S VOL MENACES VIOLENCE VOL AVEC VIOLENCE OC ASS W INT COMMIT ROBBERY VOIES DE FAIT AVEC INT D ARMED ROBBERY VOL A MAIN ARMEE ROBBERY VOL QUALIFIE STOP MAIL WITH INTENT ARRETE LA POSTE AVEC INT EXTORTION EXTORSION 4' 306A BREAK ENTER WITH INTENT INT PAR_EFF AVEC INT 4 306B BREAK ENTER AND COMMIT INT PAR EFF ET COMMET C BREAK OUT DWELLING SORT ENDROIT PAR EFF UNLAWFUL IN DWELLING HOUS PRES ILL DANS MAISON HAB POSS HOUSEBREAKING INST POSS INSTRUMENT EFF DISGUISE WITH INTENT DEGUISE AVEC DESSEIN CRIM POSS INST FOR COIN MACHIN POSS INST DIaTRIBUT AUTO 02 3 SELL AUTO MASTER KEY VEND PASSE PARTOUT AUTO FAIL MAINTAIN RECORD POSS STOLEN PROP OMET DE GARDER RECORD 00 POSS BIENS VOLES 0 fi 330A 3305 POSS. STOLEN PROP OVER 200 POSa STOLEN PROP LESS 200 POSS BIENS VOLES PLUS POSS BIENS VOLES 0 IN THEFT FROM MAIL VOL DE COURRIER BRING INTO CANADA STOL APP AU CANADA BIENS VOLES FALSE PRETENCE FAUX SEMBLANT A OBTAIN PROP FALSE PRET FAUX SEMBLANT BIENS OBI 0

111 II J uarv 25, 985 CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA PAGE 7 SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS Hi Ci 3202B A 320B 322 OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE FALSE PRET LESS 200 FALSE PRETENCES GENERAL OBTAIN EXEC BY FRAUD OBTAIN EXEC BY FRAUD OBTAIN LODGING BY FRAUD FAUX SEMBLANT MOINS FAUX SEMBLANT GENERAL 0 OBTIENT PAR FRAUDE EXEC 05 OBTIENT PAR FRAUDE EXEC 05 OBTIENT FRAUD LOGEMENT A 3230B 3230C A 326B 3270A 3270B 3270C 3280A 3280B A 333B 3320A 3320B PRET PRACT OF WITCHCRAFT TELL FORTUNES PRET DISC LOST THINGS FORGERY. USES FORGED DOCUMENT ATTEMPTS PERS TO USE MAKE POSS EXCHEQUER BILL MAKE POSS INSTRUMENT FORG MAKE POSS EXCHEQUER BILL PRINTS PROCLAMATION CONTERFEIT PROCLAMATION TELEGRAM IN FALSE NAME FALSE MESSAGES INDECENT PHONE CA'LLS HARASSING PHONE CALLS THREAT LETTER/PHONE-DEATH THREAT LETTER/PHONE-BURN THREAT LETTER/PHONE-WOUND DRAW DOC INT DEFRAUD UTTERS DOC INT DEFRAUD AFF DE PRATIQUER LA MAGIE 00 DIRE BONNE AVENTURE 00 AFF DECOUV CHOSE PERD 00 FAUX 4 EMPLOI DOC CONTREFAIT 4 TENTE PERS SERVIR 4 FAIT POSS BONS DU TRESOR 4 FAIT FOSS BONS DU TRESOR 4 FAIT FOSS BONS DU TRESOR 4 IMPRIME PROCLAMATION 05 PROCLAMATION CONTREFAITE 05 ENVOI TELEGRAMME FAUX NOM 05 FAUX MESSAGES 02 PROPOS IND AU TELEPHONE 00 APPELS TELE HARASSANTS 00 MENAC LETTRE/TELE-MORT 0 MENAC LETTRE/TELEz-BRULE 02 MENAC LETTRE/TELE-BLESSE 00 REDACT DOC INT FRAUDE 4 ENDOSSE DOC INT FRAUDE 4

112 nuarv 25, 98:5 CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA PAGE 8 SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE 3330 OBTAIN BY INSTRUMENT OBTIENT PAR INSTRUMENT 4 334A USE COUNTERFEIT STAMP EMPLOIE TIMBRES CONTRE 4, 334B POSS COUNTERFEIT STAMP POSS TIMBRES CONTRE 4 334C POSS INST COUNTER STAMP POSS INST TIMBRES CONTRE A MAKE COUNTERFEIT MARK FAIT MARQUE CONTREFAITE B SELL COUNTERFEIT MARK VEND MARQUE CONTREFAITE C AFFIX MARK APPOSE MARQUE D AFFIX COUNTERFEIT MARK APPOSE MARQUE CONTREFAITE 4 335A DESTROY DOCUMENTS DETRUIT DOCUMENTS ' INSERTS FALSE INFO INSERE INFO FAUSSE C DESTROY ELECT DOC DETRUIT DOC ELECT D ALTERATE ELECT ['OC FALSIFIE DOC ELECT A 3360B 3360C ISSUE FALSE CERT COPY FRAUD ISSUE FALSE COPY FALSE ENTRIES REGISTER EMET FAUX CERT AIT 05 EMET FAUX CERT AIT 05 FAUSSES INSCRIP REGISTRE FRAUD FRAUDE 0 338A FRAUD OVER 200 FRAUDE PLUS B FRAUD LESS 200 FRAUDE MOINS AFFECT PUBLIC MARKET INFLUENCE MARCHE PUBLIQUE USE.MAIL TO DEFRAUD EMPLOI COURRIER POUR FRAU A EFFECTS TRANS FAIT OPER FRAUD BOURSES B ENTER ORDER PURCHASE PASSE ORDRE POUR ACHAT C ENTER ORDER FOR SALE PASSE ORDRE POUR BOURSES GAMING IN STOCKS OR MERCH AGIOTAGES SUR ACTIONS 05

113 .«.v...,...,el * uul. cuiluveriu zic.kvilt ur UFMHIJH SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE flcr 3420 BROKER REDUCE STOCK COURTIER REDUIT ACTIONS A FRAUD CONCEAL TITLE DOC CACHER FRAUD DES TITRES B FALSIFY TITLE DOC FALSIFIE DES TITRES A FRAUD MAKES FALSE STAT FRAUD FAIT FAUSSE ENONC B CONCEAL FACTS RED TITLE CACHE FAITS ENREG TITRE C FRAUD REGISTRATION TITLE ENREG FRAUD DE TITRE FRAUD SALE OF PROPERTY VENTE FRAUD IMMEUBLE A GIVE MISLEADING RECEIPT _ DONNE RECU t'est A TROMPER B ACCEPT MISLEADING RECEIPT RECU DEST A TROMPER A. FRAUD DISPOSAL OF GOODS ALIENAT FRAUD DE MARCH B ASSIST FRAUD DISP GOODS ASSISTE DISP MARCH A MAKE FALSE STAT BANK ACT FAUX ENONCE LOI DE BANQUE B GIVE RECEIPT BANK ACT DONNE RECUS LOI DE BANQUE A DISPOSAL PROP TO DEFRAUD ALIENAT DE BIENS FRAUD CR B RECEIVES PROF TO DEFRAUD RECUIT BIENS FRAUD CR 02 35A FAIL COLLECT FARE OMET PERCEVOIR PEAGE 02 35B COLLECT LESS THAN AMOUNT PERCOIT MOINS MONTANT 02 35C ACCEPT CONSIDERATION ACCEPTE RECOMPENSE A BRIBE FARE COL-FAIL COL CORRUPT PERC-OMET PERCEV B BRIBE FARE COL-LESS AMOUN CORRUPT PERC-MOINS MONT FRAUD OBTAIN TRANSPORT OBTIENT FRAUD TRANSPORT A. FRAUD REL MIN-DEVICE FRAUDE REL MIN-SUPERCHERI B FRAUD REL MIN-SELL FRAUDE REL MIN-VEND C FRAUD REL MIN-POSS FRAUDE REL MIN-POSS A OFF REL MINES-ADD/REMOVE INFRACT REL MINES-AJOUTE 0

114 J tuar dr Dr, lytiz.- I CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA SERVICE CORRECTIDNNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CQDE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE PAGE B 355A OFF REL MINES-TAMPER FALSIFY BOOKS/DOC-DESTROY INFRACT REL MINES-ALTERE 0 FALSIF LIVRES/DOC-DETRUIT B FALSIFY BOOKS/DOC-OMIT FALSIF LIVRES/DOC-OMET 05 FALSIFY BOOKS/DOC-DEFRAUD FALSIF LIVRES/DOC-FRAUDE FALSIFY EMPLOY RECORD FALSIFIER REGISTRE EMPLOI A FALSE RETURN-SUM MONEY FAUX RELEVE SOMME ARG B FALSE RETURN-BALANCE MON FAUX RELEVE BALANCE ARG A 358B 358C FALSE PROSPECTUS-INDUCE FALSE PROSPECTUS-DECEIVE FALSE PROSPECTUS-ADVANCE FAUX PROSPECTUS-INDUIRE 0 FAUX PROSPECTUS-TROMPER 0 FAUX PROSPECTUS-AVANCER 0 358D FALSE PROSPECTUS-EKTER FAUX PROSPECTUS-CONTRACT OBTAIN CARRIAGE BY FALSE OBTIENT TRANSPORT FAUX A TRAIDER INDEBTED COMMERCANT ENDETTE B TRAIDER UNABLE TO PAY COMMER INCAPABLE PAYER C?RAIDER NOT KEPT BOOKS OMET DE TENIR COMPTE A PERS WITH INTENT-GAIN SUPP INT PERS-PROFITER 4 360B PERS WITH INTENT-OBTAIN SUPP INT PERS-OBTENIR 4 360C PERS WITH INTENT-CAUSE SUPP INT PERS-CAUSER A 370B F PERSONATE AT EXAMS ACKNOWLEDGE IN FALSE NAME FORGERY OF TRADEMARK FORGERY OF TRADEMARK-S FALSE CLAIM ROYAL WARRANT OFFENCES REL TO WRECK REP FAUSSE AUX EXAMENS 00 RECONNAIT SOUS FAUX NOM 05 CONTREFACON DE MARQUE 02 CONTREFACON DE MARGUE-S 00 RECLAME BREVET SA MAJESTE 00 INFRACTIONS REL EPAVES 02

115 I.. (- Il Ci G I 7 a I.. / i..wrsà Q4.,ér.uXML. OCI VIUL. ur rmu SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA 3730G 375A A 3752B A 3762B A F A 3873B 3874A OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE OFFENCES REL TO WRECK-S REMOVE MARKS PUB STORES REMOVE MARKS PUB STORES-S UNLAW TRANS PUBLIC STO UNLAW TRANS PUBLIC STO-S SELL DEFECT STORES TO HM OFF BY OFFICERS-TAKE PART OFF BY OFFICERS-KNOW ABOU UNLAWFUL USE MIL UNIFORMS MILITARY STORES MILITARY STORES-S CRIM BREACH OF CONTR CRIM BREACH OF CONTR-S INTIMIDATION OFFENCES BY EMPLOYERS SECRET COMMISSIONS ISSUE TRAIDING STAMPS GIVE STAMPS TO PURCHASER MISCHIEF MISCHIEF PUBLIC PROP MISCHIEF PUBLIC PROP-S MISCHIEF PRIVATE PROP INFRACTIONS REL EPAVES-S 00 ENLEVE MARQUES SUR APP 02 ENLEVE MARQUES SUR APP-S 00 OPERATIONS ILLI APP 02 OPERATIONS ILLI APP-S 00 VENTE APP DEFECT MAJ 4 INFRAC FONCT-PARTICIPER 4 INFRAC FONCT-SAVOIR 4 EMPLOI ILL UNIFORMES MIL 00 APPROVIS MILITAIRES APPROVIS MILITAIRES-S 00 VIOLATION CRIM DE CONTRAT 05 VIOLAT CRIM.DE CONTRAT-S 00 INTIMIDATION INFRACTIONS PAR EMPLOYEUR 00 COMMISSIONS S -ECRETES EMET BONS PRIMES DONNE BONS PRIMES A ACHET 00 MEFAITS 99 MEFAITS BIENS PUBLICS 4 MEFAITS BIENS PUBLICS-S 00 MEFAITS BIENS PRIVES A 3875B MISCHIEF PRIVATE PROP-S WILFULLY DO/OMIT WILFULLY DO/OMIT-S MEFAITS BIENS PRIVES-S 00 ACCOMPLIR/OMETTRE VOL 05 ACCOMPLIR/OMETTRE VOL-S Og

116 ,...t u oe, t:.4..) r..70:à uuklitullunml ViL. Uh UMNeiltA t'aul. SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY? 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER? 983 *DESCRIPTION - 3 = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE 388 DAMAGE NOT MORE THAN 50 DOMMAGES MOINS ARSON CRIME INCENDIE FRAUD BURN PERS PROFERTY BRULE FRAUD BIENS PERS A WILFULLY SET FIRE METTRE FEU VOLONtAIREMENT B SET FIRE TO DEFRAUD METTRE FEU POUR FRAUDER A 392B 3930A SET FIRE-CAOSE DEATH SET FIRE-VIOLATE LAW FALSE ALARM - FIRE 'METTRE FEU-CAUSE MORT 05 METTRE FEU-VIOLE LOI 05 FAUSSE ALERTE B FALSE ALARM FIRE-S FAUSSE ALERTE-S A INTERF SAVING VESSEL ENTRAVE SAUVETAGE NAVIRE B PREVENT PERS TO SAVE VESS EMPECHE PERS SAUVER NAV INTERF WITH SAVING WRECK INTERF WITH MARINE SIGNAL ENTRAVE SAUVETAGE EPAVE. 00 DERANGE SIGNAUX DE MARINE WILFULLY CONCEAL SIGNAL VOLONT CACHE SIGNAUX REMOVE NATURAL BAR ENLEVE BARRE NATUREL OCCUPANT INJURE BLDG OCCUPANT DETERIORE BAT A 3998 INTERF WITH BOUNDARY LINE INTERF WITH INTER BOUND ALTER BOUNDERY MARK DEPLACE LIGNES DEMARC DEPLACE BORNES INTER CHANGE BORNES INTER A INJURING CATTLE-KILL TUER/BLESSER BESTIAUX 4000B INJURING CATTLE-POISON EMPOIS/BLESSER BESTIAUX A 400B 4022 INJUR OTHER ANIMALS-KILL INJUR OTHER ANIMAL-POISON CRUELTY TO ANIMALS TUER/BLESSER AUTRES 00 EMPOIS/BLESSER AUTRES 00 CRUAUTE ENVERS ANIMAUX 00

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118 uary 25, 985 CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA PAUE 24 SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS Ci 460C OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 993 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE BUY/SELL COUNTERFEIT INST ACHETE/VEND INST CONTREFA 4 460D 470A 470B 470C 40A 48B.420A POSS COUNTERFEIT INST CONVEY INST FOR COINING CONVEY PART FOR COINING CONVEY METAL FOR COINING OFFER TO SELL COUNT MONEY PURCHASE COUNT MONEY ATTEMPT/DEATH OR LIFE POSSEDE INST CONTREFAIT 4 TRANSP INST CONTREFAIT 4 TRANS PARTIE INST CONTRFA 4 TRANS METAL INST CONTREF 4 OFFRE VENTE M0NEY CONTREF 05 ACHETE MONNAIE CONTREFAIT 05 TENTATIVE/MORT OU PERP ATTEMPT/4 YRS OR LESS TENT/4 ANS OU MOINS 4 420C ATTEMPT-S TENTATIVE-S A COUNSEL/INCITE CONSEILLE/INCITE COUNSEL/INCITE-S. - CONSEILLE/INCITE-S CONSPIRE COMPLOT A CONSPIRE TO COMMIT MURDER COMPLOT DE MEURTRE CONSPIRE PROSECUTE INNOCE COMPLOT POURSUIVRE INNOCE CONSPIRE OTHER COMPLOT AUTRE X CONSPIRE TO INDUCE COMPLOT POUR INDUIRE A UNLAW COMMON LAW CONSPIRA LAWFUL COMM LAW CONSPIRAC ILLICITE COMPLOT COMM LAW 02 LICITE COMPLOT COMMON LAW FAIL TO COMPLY WITH ORDER DEFAUT DE CONFORMER A PUB REPORTS PREL INQUIRY PUB RAPPORTS ENQUETE PREL PUB REPORTS PREL. INQUIRY PUB RAPPORTS ENQUETE PREL CONTEMPT OF COURT OUTRAGE AU TRIBUNAL SUBSEQUENT REFUSAL REFUS SUBSEQUENT 00

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124 là..aqt= à.j.jv uuririllilunrl btlivige ur LANADA FeAUE 30 SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA fi II NCA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRA-CTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -8 = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE 003 POSS. NARCOTIC POSS. STUPEFIANT A POSS NARCOTIC-S POSS STUPEFIANT-S B POSS NARCOTIC POSS STUPEFIANT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTICS TRAFIC DE STUPEFIANT POSS NARC FOR TRAFFIC POSS STUP POUR TRAFIC IMPORT AND EXPORT NARC IMPORT ET EXPORT STUP CULTIVATION MARIHUANA CULTURE CHANVRE INDIEN 07

125 / à... ca I ' `..*...) f LUKKLUIUNHL LNVILL. Ut- CANADA PAGE 3 SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS I NPA OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER' 983 DESCRIPTION -S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE 0200 PROV. REVOCATION REVOCATION PROV PAROLE REVOCATION REVOCATION L.C M.S. REVOCATION REVOCATION S.O DAY P. REVOCATIOW REVOCATION L. DE JOUR 99-

126 .. tsuar.43, Itl',D CURNEellUNAL SERVICE OF CANADA SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = CODE REPEALED JANUARY 983 CODE D'INFRACTION X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION S = SUMMARY OFFENCE DESCRIPTION S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE PAGE 32 FI T 7000 PROVINCIAL STATUTES LOIS CONNEXES PROVINCIALE 00 I

127 uumr.tt,iuntil btkviul Ut LANAMM SERVICE CORRECTIONNE DU CANADA PAGE 33 OFFENCE LISTING/LISTE D'INFRACTIONS OFFENCE CODE X = q0de REPEALED JANUARY, 983 CODE D'INFRACTION \X = CODE ABROGE JANVIER, 983 DESCRIPTION -5 = SUMMARY OFFENCE 'DESCRIPTION -S = INFRACTION SOMMAIRE SPC DELETED ANNULER I

128 32.v Disposition of offence: 0 Not applicable. Single offence or first in a series of off ences Concurrent 2 Consecutive 3 Paroled 4 Released on mandatory supervision 5 Recommitted 7 Not specified concurrent or consecutive 8 Non-incarceral sentence (probation, fine, etc.) 9 Missing 32.vi Sentence length in months: To record number of weeks, calculate 3 days =. month 000 Not incarcerated - probation, fine, etc. - paroled or on mandatory supervision - recommitted, but length not stated -24 Provincial time = two years less a day Record in this way to differentiate from 24 months federal time I 32.vii Was offence sexually related: yes 2 No 3 Impossible to determine 33. Longest previous sentence in months: 999 Missing 34. Number of previous provincial incarcerations Only include re-incarceration after UAL if convicted of new offence committed during that time. 99 Missing 35. Total provincial time (months) to which previously sentenced taking into account concurrent sentences: 999 Missing

129 36. Number of previous federal incarcerations: Only include re-incarceration after UAL if convicted of new offence committed during that time: 99 Missing 37. Total federal time (months) to which previously sentenced taking into account concurrent sentences: 999 Missing

130 Index Offence 38. Record for all convictions relating to index offence. 38. Date of index offence: 99/99/99 Missing 38.ii Record offence from FPS sheet. 38.iii Record number of counts for each offence from FPS sheet. 38.iv To code index offence, use OIS offence listings attached as for question 32.v 38.v Disposition for offence: 0 Not applicable. Single offence or first in a series of off ences Concurrent 2 Consecutive 7 Not specified concurrent or consecutive 8 Non-incarceral sentence (probation, fine, etc.) 9 Missing 38.vi Sentence length in months: 000 Not incarcerated -24 Two years less a day 800 Indeterminate 38.vii 38.viii Was offence sexually related: yes 2 No 3 Impossible to determine Was subject on any type or formal release at time of index offence: 0 Not applicable, first offender On parole 2 On mandatory supervision 3 on bail 4 Escorted Temporary Absence (ETA) 5 Unescorted Temporry Absence (UTA) 7 Not specified 9 Missing

131 38.ix Indication that offence was premeditated: Yes 2 No 7 Not specified 38.x Evidence of alcohol/drug involvement: 0 None noted Yes 2 No 7 Not specified 38.xi Severity of intoxication: 0 No apparent impairment Very mild impairment 2 Moderate impairment 3 Severe impairment 7 Not specified 38.xii Evidence of, and type of violence used: 0 No violence used Verbal threat 2 Physical threat (no body contact) 3 Physical threat (body contact) 4 Use of weapon to threaten (no body contact) 5 Use of weapon to physically aggress (body contact) 7 Not specified 9 Missing 38.xiii Victim's sex: Male 2 Female 7 Not specified 38.xiv Victim's age: 99 Missing 38.xv If sex involved, was it consensual: 00 No sex involved. 0 Not old enough to consent 02 Neither bribed nor coaxed, no resistance 03 Bribed and/or coaxed but no resistance 04 Coaxed and resisted

132 05 Not coaxed but hesitant 06 Unwilling but feeling threatened 07 Unwilling but verbally threatened 08 Unwilling but physically threatened 09 Overtaken by force 77 Not specified 99 Missing 38.xvi Relationship between victim and offender: 0 Immediate family 02 Blood relative not immediate family 03 Spouse 04 Friend 05 The immediate family member of a friend 06 Acquaintance 07 Stranger 08 Guardian 09 Authority figure (employer, school teacher) 0 Other Relationship not clear 77 Relationship not specified 38.vii Was there an element of breach of trust: Yes 2 No 3 Impossible to determine 38.viii Any physical harm the victim experienced: 0 No physical harm experienced Minimal/no medical attention 2 Medical attention required (i.e. sutures) 3 Hospitalization 4 Life-threatening 5 Death 7 None mentionned 38.xix Any emotional harm the victim experienced: 0 No emotional harm experienced Short-term/initial shock (terrorized at time) 2 Short-term mental health care required 3 Severely impaired daily functionning 4 Hospitalization, out-patient basis 5 Institutionalized/incapacitated 6 Not presently diagnosible (as in children) 7 Too early too tell (offence too recent) 8 Not diagnosed 9 Not mentionned

133 Sentencing Data 39. Is it first federal incaration: Yes 2 No 3 Impossible to determine, FPS sheet missing 40. Age (years) at sentence conviction: 97 Impossible to determine/missing information 4. Total time lapsed (months) since original sentence began: Calculate from date of original sentence to date of data collection. 999 Impossible to determine/missing informatiion 42. Reason for type of sentence imposed: 0 None given For protection of society 2 Other 9 Missing 43.i Was DO sentence appealed: Yes 2 No 7 Not stated 9 Missing 43.ii Result of appeal: 0 Not appealed Upheld 2 Dismissed 3 Pending 7 Not stated 9 Missing 43.iii Alternate sentence (months) imposed if appeal successful: 000 No appeal 777 Not specified 999 Missing

134 3 44. Alternate maximum (months) available through Code for index offence(s) considering consecutive sentences: 000 Impossible to determine 999 Missing 45.i Date of DO finding: 97/97/97 Date not specified 99/99/99 Missing 45.ii Province of DO finding: 000 Newfoundland 00 Prince Edward Island 200 Nova Scotia 300 New Brunswick 400 Quebec 500 Ontario 600 Manitoba 700 Saskatchewan 800 Alberta 900 British Columbia 45.iii Reason stated for finding subject a DO: 0 Not specified Fit the criteria outlined in Part XXI of the Criminal Code Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 46.i Specific diagnosis presented in court by the Crown psychiatrist: Record up to a limit of three different diagnoses. Use the DSM III to code diagnosis. 46.ii Degree of certainty expressed by Crown psychiatrist about his diagnosis: 0 No diagnosis presented No degree of certainty expressed 2 Uncertain 3 Suspect/vague/faintly 4 Definite 7 Not specified 9 Missing

135 47.i Specific diagnosis presented in court by the defense psychiatrist: Record up to a limit of three diagnoses. Use the DSM III to code the diagnosis. 47.ii Degree of certainty expressed by defense psychiatrist about his diagnosis: 0 No diagnosis presented No degree of certainty expressed 2 Uncertain 3 Suspect/vague/faintly 4 Definite 7 Not specified 9 Missing 48. Psychiatrist for the Crown: Fleming 2 Russell 3 Halliday 4 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 49. Psychiatrist for the defense: Cooper 4 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 50. If treatment recommended for subject in court, by whom: Code each as: 0 No treatment recommended Yes 2 No 7 Not specified 9 Missing Nuffield Violent Recidivism Prediction Score 5. NOTE: Anything not falling within the specific categories stated receives a score of 0.

136 5.i Current offence: +3 Assault, attempted homicide, causing bodily harm (CBH), illegal possession of firearm, or carrying concealed weapon +2 Rape, attempted rape, indecent assault - Non-violent sex offences including incest, sexual intercourse with the underage, seduction, gross indecency - Forgery, false pretences, false uttering, other fraud 5.2 Age at admission: + Under 2 - Over Previous Convictions: - Has no convictions prior to the index offence 5.4 Previous imprisonments: - Has never been in a penal (jail, prison or penetentiary) institution before + Has served a sentence in a penal institution on four previous occasions +2 Has served a sentence in a penal institution on five previous occasions 5.5 Previous convictions for violent crime: + Has one or three previous convictions for homicide, assault, rape or indecent assault +2 Has two or four previous convictions for homicide, assault, rape or indecent assault +3 Has five or more previous convictions for homicide, assault, rape or indecent assault

137 5.6 Previous breach of parole or mandatory supervision: + Has previously been revoked or has forfeited his parole or mandatory supervision 5.7 Previous history of escape: + Has escaped or attempted to escape on one previous occasion +3 Has escaped or attempted to escape on two or more previous occasions 5.8 Security Classification: + Is a maximum security at time of parole hearing - Is a minimum security at time of parole hearing 5.9 Age at first adult conviction: - Was between 23 and 40 inclusive at time of first adult conviction -2 Was over 40 at time of first adult conviction 5.0 Previous convictions for assault: + Has one previous conviction for assault (does not include indecent assault) +3 Has two previous convictions for assault (does not include indecent assault) 5. Previous convictions for forgery or fraud: - Has one or more previous convictions for forgery, false pretences, false uttering, other frauds 5.2 Education: - Has attained grade 2 education or higher 5.3 Marital status: - Is sepereated from spouse

138 52. Total Nuffield violent recidivism prediction score: Calculate by summing up above scores from 5. to 5.3 inclusive taking into account the positive and negative values of the scores. Institutional Information 53.i Date admitted to any institution during current sentence: 97/97/97 Not specified 99/99/99 Missing 53.ii Name of institution in which any proportion of current sentence was served: Use the OIS federal and provincial institution codes attached, plus ( 777 Not specified 999 Missing

139 I. Code Tables Provincial Institution Codes PROVINCIAL INSTITUTION CODES DESCRIPTION CODE Newfoundl and Her Majesty's Salmonier Prison Camp Police LL Mental Institutions - Stephenville Clarenville Corr. Centre Newfoundland & Labrador C.C. for Women Bishop Falls C.0 All CRC's BAO BBO BCO BDO BEO BFO 8G0 BHO BJO Prince Edward Island King's County Jail Prince County Jail Queen's County Jail Police LL Mental Institutions* Sleepy Hollow All CRC's * CAO CBO CCO CDO CEO CFO CGO Nova Scotia Good Shephard Reformatory Halifax County Corr. Centre King's County Corr. Centre Annapolis County Jail Antigonish County Corr. Centre Cape Breton County Jail Colchester County Jail Cumberland County Jail Digby County Jail Guysborough County Jail Hants County Jail Inverness County Jail Lunenburg County Jail Queen's County Jail Richmond County Jail Shelburne County Jail Victoria County Jail Yarmouth County Jail II TERM:INST/ADMINST Page 6 DECSN:INST 985/02/0 DAO DBO DCO DDO DEO DFO DGO OHO DJO DKO DLO DMO. DUO DPO DQO DRO DSO DTO

140 ir Code Tables ; (Il PROVINCIAL INSTITUTION CODES Provincial Institution Codes DESCRIPTION CODE I. Nova Scotia (cont'd) Police LL Mental Institutions NS Hospital All CRC's New Brunswick New Brunswick DUO DVO DWO DXO New Brunswick Cent. Ref EA0 Woodstock Jail Bathurst Jail EBO ECO Richibucto Jail EDO Dalhousie Jail EEO Saint John Jail EFO Perth-Andover Jail EGO Dorchester Jail EHO Fredericton Jail EJO Moncton Jail EKO Madawaska R.0 C ELO St Andrews Jail EMO Interprovincial Home for Women ENO Police LL EPO Mental Institutions EQ0 St Stephen Jail ERO All CRC's ESO Québec Alma Detention Centre Amos Detention Centre Baie Comeau Detention Centre Campbell 's Bay Detention Centre Chibougamau Detention Centre Chicoutimi Detention Centre Cowansville Detention Centre Havre Aubert Detention Centre Hull Detention Centre Joliette Detention Centre La Malbaie Detention Centre Matane Detèntion Centre TERM:INST/ADMINST Page i7 DECSN:INST 985/02/0 FAO FBO FCO FDO FEO FF0 FGO FHO FJO FKO FLO FMO

141 II Code Tables Provincial Institution Codes PROVINCIAL INSTITUTION CODES DESCRIPTION CODE Québec (cont'd) Mont-Laurier Detention Centre Montmagny Detention Centre Montréal Detention Centre New-Carlisle Detention Centre Orsainville Detention Centre Percé Detention Centre Rimouski Detention Centre Rivière-du-Loup Detention Centre Roberval Detention Centre Rouyn Detention Centre Sept-Iles Detention Centre Sherbrooke Detention Centre St-Hyacinthe Detention Centre St-Jean Detention Centre St-Jérôme Detention Centre St-Joseph-de-Beauce Detention Centre Sorel Detention Centre Ste-Anne-des-Monts Detention Centre Trois-Rivières Detention Centre Valleyfield Detention Centre Ville-Marie Detention Centre Victoriaville Detention Centre Waterloo Detentin Centre Prey. Centre (Parthenais) Detention Centre Tanguay Detention Centre Gomin Detention Centre Foyer Sancta Maria Detention Centre Police LL Mental institutions All C.R.C. (Carrefour du Nouveau-Monde) Pinel Detention Centre Sweetburgh Detention Centre FNO FPO FQO FRO FSO FTO FUO FVO FWO FXO FYO FZO FA FB FC FD FE FF FG FH FJ FK FL FM FN FP FQ FR ES]. Fil FUi FV Ontario Quinte Regional Reception Centre Carleton Regional Reception Centre Niagara Regional Reception Centre Brampton Adult Training Centre Burtch Adult Training Centre Thunder Bay Adult Training Centre GAO GBO GC0 GDO GEO GFO II ECSN:INST ERM:INST/ADMINST I. Page i8 985/02/0

142 I. Code Tables Provincial Institution Codes PROVINCIAL INSTITUTION CODES - DESCRIPTION CODE vi Ontario (cont'd) Monteith Adult Training Centre Rideau Adult Training Centre Burtch Correctional Centre Burwash Correctional Centre Thunder Bay Correctional Centre Monteith Correctional Centre Rideau Correctional Centre Guelph Correctional Centre Millbrook Correctional Centre Mimico Correctional Centre Ontario Correctional Institute Vanier Centre for Women Ontario Wdmen's Guidance Centre Ontario Women's Treatment Centre Barrie Jail Brampton Jail Brockville Jail Cayuga Jail.. Chatham Jail Cobourg Jail Cornwall Jail Fort Frances District Jail Guelph Provincial Jail Haileybury District Jail Hamilton Jail Kenora Jail Kitchener Jail Lindsay Jail London Provincial Jail L'Orignal Jail Milton Jail Monteith District Jail North Bay Jail Orangeville Provincial Jail Owen Sound Provincial Jail Parry Sound Jail Pembroke Jail Perth Jail Peterborough Jail St. Thomas Jail Sarnia Jail Sault Ste. Marie Jail GGO GHO GJO GKO GLO GMO GNO GPO GQO GRO GS0 GTO GUO GVO GWO GXO GYO GZO GA GB GC GD GE GF GG GH GJ GK GL GM GN GP GQ GR GS GT GU GV GW GX GY GZ II TERM:INST/ADMINST DECSN:INST Page i9 985/02/0

143 II Code Tables Provincial Institution Codes PROVINCIAL INSTITUTION CODES DESCRIPTION CODE Ontario (cont ed) Simcoe Jail Stratford Provincial Jail Sudbury Jail Thunder Bay District Jail Toronto Jail Walkertown Provincial Jail Whitby Jail Windsor Provincial Jail Woodstock Jail Brantford Jail Gl endale Adult Training Centre..... Maplehurst Correctional Centre Maplehurst Adult Training Centre Luxton Corn. Res. Centre Elgin Middlesex Det. Cgntre Police LL Mental Institutions Toronto East Detention Centre Toronto West Detention Centre All CRC's GA2 GB2 GC2 GD2 GE2 GF2 GG2 GH2 GJ2 GK2 GL2 GM2 GN2 GP2 GQ2 GR2 GS2 GT2 GU2 GV2 Manitoba Portage de la Prairie C.C. for Women The Pas C.C. for Women The Pas C.C. for Men Egg Lake Reh. Camp Brandon Corr. Inst Spruce Woods Reh. Camp Dauphin Corr. Inst Headingley Corr. Inst Bannock Point Reh. Camp Bird's Hill Reh. Camp Winnipeg Adult Det. Centre V.S. Det. Centre Police LL Mental Institutions Winnipeg Remand Centre All CRC's HAO HBO HCO HOU HEU HEU HGO HHO HJO HKO HLO HMO HNO HP0 HQO HRO I TERM:INST/AOMINST Page 0 OECSN:INST 985/02/0

144 t ' Code Tables Provincial Institution Codes PROVINCIAL INSTITUTION CODES DESCRIPTION CODE Saskatchewan Regina Corr. Centre Prince Albert Corr. Centre Pinegrove C.C. for Women Prince Albert Comm. Train. Res Saskatoon Comm. Train. Res Regina Comm. Train. Res North Battleford C.T C Police LL Mental Institution Saskatoon P.0 C All CRC's Besnard Lake C.0 JAO JBO JCO JDO JEO JFO JGO JHO JJO JKO JLO JMO Alberta Belmont Reh. Centre Lethbridge Corr. Centre Calgary Corr. Centre Fort Saskatchewan Corr. Inst Peace River Corr. Inst Northdegg Corr. Inst Calgary Remand Centre Bow River C.0 I Police LL Mental Institutions St. Paul Edmonton Remand Centre Lakeside Corr. Centre All CRC's Camp Tees Forestry Camp Creighton KBO KCO KDO KEO KFO KHO KJO KKO KLO KMO KNO KPO KQO KRO KSO KTO British Columbia Lower Mainland Reg. Corr. Centre Lower Mainland R.C.C. for Women Twin Maples Farm New Haven Corr. Centre Haney Corr. Centre LAO LBO LCO LDO LEO Î TERM:INST/ADMINST DECSN:INST Page ill 985/02/

145 ' II Code Tables Provincial Institution Codes ;II PROVINCIAL INSTITUTION CODES DESCRIPTION CODE British Columbia (cont'd) Alouette River Reh. Unit LFO Kamloops Reg. Corr. Centre LGO Prince George Reg. Corr. Centre LHO Chilliwack Forest Camps LJO Vancouver Island Reg. Corr. Centre LKO Snowdon Forest Camps LLO Vancouver Jail LMO Lakeside (Oakalla) - LNO Terrace C.0 C V LPO Marpole Comm. Corr. Centre LOO Surrey Resource Centre LRO Stave Lake Camp LSO Burnaby Comm. Corr. Centre LTO Kamloops Comm.'Corr. Centre LUO Cedar Lake Camp LVO Police LL LWO Mental Institutions LXO Linda Williams House LYO Chilliwack Comm. Corr. Centre LZO Portau Cove Camp LA Metchosin Camp LB All CRC's LC Pierce Creek Camp LD Jordan River Camp LE Victoria C.0 LF Centre Creek Camp LG Yukon Whitehorse Corr. Centre Police LL MAO MBO Mental Institutions V MCO All CRC's MDO TERM: I NST/ADMI NST 'DECSN: I NST Page i2 985/02/0

146 Code Tables Provincial Institution Codes PROVINCIAL INSTITUTION CODES DESCRIPTION North-West Territories Yellowknife Corr. Centre Baffin or Frobisher Bay South McKenzie. Corr. Centre Hay River Corr. Centre Police LL Mental Institutions Fort Smith Corr. Centre for Women All CRC's CODE NAO NBO NCO NDO NEO NFO NGO NI-0 IrsN: NI NS st/t A DMINS T Page i3 985/02/0

147 Code Tables Federal Institution Codes FEDERAL INSTITUTION CODES DESCRIPTION CODE Newfoundland 050 Atlantic Region I. Carlton Centre Springhill Med. Sec. Inst. (closed) 2 Springhill Min. (closed) 22 Minimum Security Institution.N S 24 Dorchester 220 Westmorland 22 Sand River CCC (Shulie Lake) 222 Blue Mountain (closed) 224 Parr Town 225 Comm. Corr. Centre (closed) 226 Dungarvon (closed) 227 Dorchester Max. Sec. Inst. (closed) 23 Grand Falls SO 260 Kentville SO 26 Charlottetown SO 262 Cornerbrook SO_ 263 Fredericton SO 266 Halifax DO 28 Moncton DO 282 St. John's DO 283 Truro SO 284 Sydney SO 285 Saint-John SO 286 Edmundston SO 287 Bathurst SO 288 Québec Region Martineau Centre 304 St-Hubert Centre (closed) 305 Benoît XV Centre 306 Duvernay Centre (closed) 307 Ogilvy Centre 309 St-Vincent de Paul.(closed) 30 Montée St-François 32 Corr. Dey. Centre (closed). 34 Regional Psych. Centre (clo'sed) 35 IITERM:INST/ADMINIST DECSN:INST Page il 985/02/0

148 J ( Code Tables Federal Institution Codes FEDERAL INSTITUTION CODES DESCRIPTION CODE Québec Region (cont'd) I.. I. Laval 36 Federal Training Centre 320 Laferrière CCC 323 Leclerc 330 Gatineau CC (closed) 33 Valleyfield (closed) 332 Archambault 34 Ste-Anne-des-Plaines 342 Regional Reception Centre 343 Drummond 345 Cowansville 350 La Macaza 352 Corr. Dey. Centre 360 Pie IX Centre 36 L'Annonciation (APO) 364 Sherbrooke Centre 365 Metropolitain Montréal DO 370 Hochelaga Centre 37 Eastern Québec DO (Québec) 380 Québec SO 38 Granby SO 382 Rimouski SO 383 Chicoutimi SO 384 Trois-Rivières SO 385 Fabre SO 387 Ste-Thérèse SO 388 Décarie SO 389 Western Québec DO (St-Jérôme) 390 Laurentides SO 39 Duvernay SO 392 Rouyn-Noranda SO 393 Hull SO 394 Langelier SO 395 Longueuil SO 396 South Centre SO 397 North Centre SO 398 Acadie SO 399 ITERM:INST/ADMINST Page 2 DECSN:INST 985/02/0

149 Code Tables Federal Institution Codes DESCRIPTION FEDERAL INSTITUTION CODES CODE Ontario Re9ion I Montgomery Centre 405 Hamilton Corn. Centre (closed) 407 Kingston Pen. (closed 972) 40 Kingston Service (closed) 44 Kingston Treatment Centre 45 Kingston Pen 46 Millhaven 42 Ontario Special Corr. Unit (closed) 422 Bath 423 Ontario Reception Centre (closed) 424 Ontario Regional Health Centre (closed) Prison for Women Collins Bay 440 Frontenac.44 Landry Crossing (closed) 442 Beaver Creek 443 Joyceville Pittsburg Joyceville Trailer 452 Warkworth 460 Warkworth Trailer 462 Eastern Ontario DO (Kingston) 470 Kingston SO 472 Peterborough SO 473 Portsmouth Centre 474 Ottawa SO 475 Chatham SO 476 Belleville SO 477 Brampton SO 473 Central Ontario DO (Toronto) 480 Keele Centre 48 Toronto-York SO 482 Scarborough SO 483 Barrie SO 48 4 Etobicoke SO Sudbury SO Timmins SO 488 Sault Ste-Marie SO 489 Western Ontario DO (London) 490 TERM:INST/ADMINST Page i3 0ECSN:INST 985/02/0

150 Code :Tables Federal Instituti -on Codes FEDERAL INSTITUTION CODES DESCRIPTION CODE Ontario (cont'd) I. Oshawa SO 49 London SO 492 Guelph SO 493 Hamilton SO 494 Windsor SO 495 St. Catharines SO 497 Brantford SO 498 Prairie Region II a_rm-inst/adminst BECSN:INST Regional Psych. Centre 504 Osborne Centre 505 Stony Mountain 50 Rockwood 5 Saskatchewan 520 Saskatchewan Farm Annex 52. Oskana Centre 525 Drumheller 530 Altadore Centre 534 Portal House (Scarboro) 535 Grierson Centre 536 Bowden 537 Edmonton 539 Innisfail Medium 543 Edmonton Minimum 544 Winnipeg DO 55 Brandon SO 552 Prince-Albert SO 56 Regina DO 562 Saskatoon SO 563 Lethbridge SO 570 Edmonton DO 57 Calgary DO 572 Red Deer SO 5.73 Thompson SO 575 Yellowknife SO 576 Kenora SO 577 Thunder Bay SO 578 Page -k 985/02/0

151 Code Tables Federal Institution Codes FEDERAL INSTITUTION CODES DESCRIPTION CODE Pacific Region Robson Centre 805 Burrard Centre (closed) 809 B.C. Pen. (closed) 80 William Head 820 Pandora Centre 825 Matsqui 83 Regional Psych. Centre 832 Mountain 833 Agassiz (closed) 834 Sumas Centre 835 Kent 836 Regional'Reception Centre (closed) 844 Elbow Lake 847 Ferndale 848 Mission 849 Vancouver DO 88 Victoria DO 882 Abbotsford DO 883 Prince George SO 884 Chilliwack SO 885 Kamloops SO 886 Vernon Resident SO 887 Terrace SO 888 Dawson Creek SO 889 SPECIAL CODES Unlawfully at Large 90 Hospitalized 999 If ERM:INST/ADMINST ECSN:INST Page i5 985/02/0

152 53.iii Total time (months) served in particular institution: To record number of weeks, calculate 3 days =. month 999 Missing 53. v Reason for transfer: 00 Not stated 0 To facilitate correctional treatment 02 To more suitable training facilities 03 To facilitate visits/family relationships 04 To provide psychological treatment 05 Provision of medical treatment 06 Provision of psychiatric treatment 07 Protection of inmate 08 Protectiuon of other inmates 09 For security reasons 0 For disciplinary reasons Admission/admitting institute for index offence 2 Other 99 Missing 53.v Total time (days) spent in administrative segregation: 000 Nil 777 Not specified 999 Missing 53.vi Total time (days) spent in protective custody/preventive segregation: 000 Nil 777 Not specified 999 Missing 53.vii Total number of times transferred to an RPC in last 2 months: 00 Not ever transferred to an RPC 99 Missing 54. Frequency with which the incidents have occurred during current sentence: i - vii 0 None recorded 7 Not Specified 9 Missing

153 55. Description of disciplinary incident during current incarceration: List all offences for which disciplinary action (including not guilty, pending and warning) was taken. 55.i 00 No offence 0 Rioting 02 Hostage taking 03 Major disturbance 04 Possession of weapons 05 Damage to government property (minor: clothing) 06 Damage to government property (major: cell smashing) 07 Attempted escape 08 Planned/suspected escape 09 Assault on inmate 0 Assault on staff Other violence against inmate 2 Other violence against staff 3 Threatened inmate 4 Threatened staff 5 Abusive/indecent/disrespectful language 6 Refusal to obey order 7 Refusal/failure to work 8 Late (i.e. work, lock-up) 9 Creates (non-violent) disturbance 20 Fighting with an inmate 2 Disrupting/interfering conduct 22 Possession of contraband (minor: cassettes) 23 Possession of contraband (major: money, street clothing) 24 In unauthorized area 25 Minor security violation 26 Under the influence 27 Suspected under the influence 28 Possession of alcohol/drugs 29 Possession of contraband, non-specific 30 Collective resistance (sitdown, hunger strikes) 3 Internal security concerns 32 Take/do thing without permission 33 Non-specific: an act calculated to prejudice the good order and discipline of the institution 34 Non-specific: wilfully disobeys or fails to obey any regulation or rule governing the conduct of inmates 35 Other 77 Not specified 99 Missing 55.ii Disciplinary disposition taken: If secondary disposition taken, record only most serious of the two.

154 00 Dismissed 0 Warned/counselled/advised 02 Suspended sentence 03 Loss of privileges 04 Restitution damages 05 Punitive dissociation 06 Administrative segregation 07 Loss of earned remission 08 Not guilty/withdrawn/pending/no charge 09 Confiscated/forfeited 0 Other 77 Not specified 99 Missing 55.iii Severity of disposition (number of days): 00 No disciplinary disposition 77 Not applicable (warned, suspended etc.) 97 Not specified 99 Missing 55.iv Total number of disciplinary actions taken against subject during current sentence: 00 No disciplinary action ever taken 97 Not specified 99 Missing 55.v Total days spent in punitive segiegation/dissociation due to disciplinary action: 000 Nil 777 Not specified 999 Missing 56. Parole eligibility date: Parole Information If unable to obtain exact date, estimate from date subject sentenced or date admitted for index offence.. 77/77/77 Impossible to determine/missing information 57. Number of times subject has been reviewed by Parole Board since DO sentence commenced: 0 Not eligible for review yet Once 2 Twice 3 Three times

155 58.i-iii Reasons given why parole denied: 0 No reason given/not eligible Still dangerous 2 Has not received maximum benefit from incarceration 3 Treatment not complete 4 Treatment not successful 5 No release plans 6 Unrealistic release plans 7 Not specified 8 Subject waived parole review 9 Missing 59.i Reason for release: 0 No reason given Parole board decision 2 Court order (sentence granted) 3 Court order (sentence reduced) 4 Court order (sentence quashed) 5 Mandatory supervision 6 Expiration of sentence 7 Death 8 Transfer to provincial institution 9 Missing 59.ii Release date: 00/00/00 Not released 97/97/97 Date not available 99/99/99 Missing 60.i Type of temporary absences granted: 0 No temporary absences granted Escorted 2 Unescorted 3 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing 60.ii Purpose of temporary absence: Do not record temporary absences granted for medical reasons. 0 No temporary absence granted Rehabilitation 2 Humanitarian 3 Medical 4 other

156 7 Not specified 9 Missing 60.iii Number of hours temporary absence granted for: 00 No temporary abscence granted 97 Not specified 99 Missing 60.iv Total number of temporary absences granted during current incrceration: 00 None granted 97 Not specified 99 Missing 6. Total number of trailer visits granted: 0 No trailer visits granted 7 Not specified whether trailer visits received 9 Missing 6.ii Purpose of trailer visit granted: 0 No trailer visit granted Family visits 2 Quiet time 3 Other 7 Not specified 9 Missing

157 Appendix D VARIABLES EXAMINED

158 Legend for Appendix D (II Alta. = Alberta B.C. = British Columbia B & E = bread and enter cauc. = caucasian CBH = causing bodily harm cts. = counts dis. = dismissed = female incar. = incarcerated ind. ass. = indecent assault instit. = institute K.P. = Kingston Penetentiary = male N.A. = North America N/A = not applicable Ont. = Ontario Pac. = Pacific Peace off.= peace officer prov. = provincial RPC = regional psychiatric centre Sask. = Saskatchewan UAL = unlawfully at large = with = less than = leads to = questionnable = indeterminate

159 APPENDIX D. Number Subject Present Current Age Highest Visible Previous Number Institution Status Now Sex Race Grade Abnormalities Cnvctins (Scars, etc.) I PACIFIC B.C. 07 RPC Pac. incar. 28 M Cauc. 6 Nil 3 9 Mountain incar. 40 M Cauc. 2 bodily 4 24 RPC Pac. incar. 22 M Cauc. 8 Nil 2 26 Mountain incar. 38 M Cauc. 8 bodily 8 PRAIRIE Alberta 02 Drumheller incar. 33 M Cauc. missing Nil 5 37 Edmonton incar. 28 M Metis bodily 3 38 Edmonton incar. 30 M Cauc. 2 missing 3 Sask. 05 Sask. incar. 38 M Cauc. 7 missing 29 0 Sask. incar. 36 M Cauc. bodily 9 4 Sask. released 48 M N.A. 2 bodily/facial Indian 20 Sask. incar. 23 M Cauc. 8 bodily 2 22 Sask. incar. 35 M Cauc. 3 missing 5 29 Sask. incar. 46 M Cauc. 8 bodily 7 32 Sask. incar. 30 M Cauc. 9 bodily 5 34 Sask. incar. 30 M Cauc. 0 bodily 7 4 Sask. incar. 28 M N.A. 4 bodily Indian 50 Saskatch. incar. 23 M Cauc. missing bodily 3 ONTARIO 0 K.P. incar. 27 M Cauc. 0 Nil 2 03 MISSING 04 K.P. incar. 44 M Cauc. U bodily 0 06 K.P. incar. 38 M Cauc. 0 bodily 7 08 Warkworth incar. 38 M missing 9 missing missing 09 K.P. incar. 39 M Black 2 missing 5 K.P. incar. 39 M Cauc. missing missing 8 2 K.P. incar. 29 M Cauc. 0 missing Nil 3 Milhaven incar. 56 M Cauc. 8 bodily 4 5 K.P. incar. 38 M Cauc. 0 missing 5 6 K.P. incar. 35 M Cauc. 4 bodily 7 RPC Ont. incar. 37 M Cauc. 7 bodily 8 K.P. incar. 35 M Cauc. 9 bodily/facial 2 2 K.P. incar..37 M Cauc. 6 bodily 3 23 K.P. incar. 3 M Cauc. 0 bodily 9 25 Warkworth incar. 4 M Cauc. 2 missing 6 27 K.P. incar. 34 M Cauc. 2 Nil 9

160 APPENDIX D. continued Number Subject Present Current Age Highest Visible Previous Number Institution Status Now Sex Race Grade Abnormalities Cnvct i ns 28 K. P. incar. 3 M N.A. 0 Indian bodily ATLANTIC Nova Scotia 35 K. P. K. P. K. P. Millhaven K.P. K.P. incar. incar. Warkworth incar. RPC Ont. incar. K.P. incar. K.P. incar. K.P. incar. Penetang incar. Warkworth incar. K. P. Prov. instit. Dorchester incar. incar. 3 M Cauc. 8 incar. 38 M Cauc. 6 incar. 58 M Cauc M missing 0 25 M Cauc M Cauc M Cauc. 0 8 M Cauc M Cauc M Cauc M Cauc. U 43 M Cauc. missing 46 M Cauc. 3 incar. 26 M Cauc. 8 incar. 27 F Cauc. 5 amputated thumb Nil bodily missing Nil facial Nil bodily Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil missing missing bodily/facial M Black 8 bodily scars 8

161 Appendix D.2 Longest # Prey. Total # Prey. Total # cnvct'ns Paroled Subject Prov. Prov. Prov. Fed. Fed. First for index Number Sentence Incar. Time Incar. Time Fed. offence Bail PACIFIC B.C yes 5 no no no yes 4 yes no 2 yes PRAIRIE Alberta yes 2 no no 3 no no 2 no Saskatch no 0 yes 0 ' no 3 yes ( ? fed. missing missing no no yes no no yes yes no no yes no yes no 2 no ONTARIO 0 life 0 0 life no 2 no 03 MISSING no yes n o 4 no 08 missing missing missing missing missing missing missing no 4 yes no 3 no yes 5 no no no no 5 no yes no no yes no yes yes 2 no yes 5 yes no no no 2 yes

162 APPENDIX D.2 continued Longest # Prey. Total # Prev. Total # cnvct'ns Paroled Subject Prov. Prov. Prov. Fed. Fed. First for index Number Sentence Incar. Time Incar. Time Fed. offence Bail yes yes no 3 yes no 3 no yes 3 no 36 missing missing missing missing missing missing missing missing missing missing missing missing missing yes 40, yes yes no 4 no yes 4 no yes yes no yes yes 2 no no no no no yes 4 no no missing missing ATLANTIC Nova Scotia no no

163 APPENDIX D.3 f s s Subject Number Appealed? Result PACIFIC B.C PRAIRIE Alberta Sask ONTARIO mis sing yes missing yes missing yes missing missing 3 cts. yes missing yes yes missing missing missing missing yes MISSI yes yes missing yes No yes No missing yes yes missing missing yes yes missing missing pending missing App -DO 0-3 missing dis. missing missing N/A N/A N/A 9.8 B.C B.C B.C. 7 3-DO 5.78 B.C missing 2 upheld/ 96, Alta missing dis. upheld missing missig Sask. miss'g miss'g missing missing dis. dis. mis sing missing missing mis sing dis. N G dis. missing missing dis. N/A dis. N/A missing dis. dis. missing missing dis. dis. missing Alt. mos. if Upheld N/A 6.84 B.C. 23 N/A.80 Ont N/A 7.8 Ont N/A 6.84 B.C N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Age Number Do Do at Time Instit. Date Place DO Lapsed Charges missing.83 Alta. 3 N/A 2.85 Alta. 28 N/A 2.82 Sask. 28 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4.83 B.C Alta Alta Alta Alta B.C missing missing missing missing N/A.83 B.C missing.78 miss'g Ont Ont Ont miss'g Ont Ont Ont Ont N.B Ont. 5.8 N.S Ont missing missing missing missing missing mis sing missing missing

164 APPENDIX D.3 continued Alt. mos. Age Number Subject if Do Do at Time Instit. Number Appealed? Result Upheld Date Place DO Lapsed Charges 28 yes dis. N/A 9.80 Ont missing missing N/A 9.8 Ont yes dis. N/A 4.82 Ont yes abandoned N/A 3.79 Ont missing missing N/A missing miss'g miss'g miss'g missing 39 yes dis. N/A 3.83 Ont yes abandoned N/A 2.80 Ont yes dis. N/A 2.83 Ont yes dis. N/A.84 N.S yes dis. N/A 2.80 B.C no N/A N/A.83 B.C yes abandoned N/A 8.80 Ont missing missing N/A 0.84 Ont yes dis. N/A 5.80 B.C missing missing N/A 2.84 B.C yes missing missing miss'g Ont. miss'g miss'g missing ATLANTIC Nova Scotia 35 missing missing N/A 2.8 N.S missing

165 Appendix D.4 Subject Number Number Parole Number Rev.'s ETA's Age st Most Serious Adult Previous Admin. Conviction Type of Index Offence - DO PACIFIC O rape sexual assault/f 28 indecent assault/m indecent assault/f 20 dangerous driving/ impaired attempted rape 24 buggery gross indecency/m PRAIRIE Alberta Saskatch missing O missing 0 missing rape rape U.A.L. O missing 6 rape missing 2 indecent assault/f missing 29 rape rape & assault CBH B&E & assault CBH rape 0 sexual offences between 8.8& 3.82 indecent assault/f/m forced confinement missing 20 0 missing 22 3 missing 29 missing 32 missing 34 2 missing 4 0 missing 8 indecent assault/f 22 common assault 35 gross indecency 8 indecent assault 8 rape 7 rape rape indecent assault/f indecent assault/m indecent assault/f indecent assault/f B&E & commit 50 ONTARIO missing 0 MISSING O O O O o O O O O O O rape 8 murder 20 rape 6 sexual intercourse with F-4 yr. miss'g missing 8 wounding 24 manslaughter 25 N/A 35 indecent assault/f 8 rape 29 indecent assault/f 7 rape 6 forcibly seize 2 buggery with minor 8 unlawfully confine another person 28 rape 9 kidnapping sexual assault attmptd murder/rape rape rape assault CBH buggery/gross indncy sexual assault CBH fire setting wounding indecent assault/f indecent assault/m gross indency CBH with intent indencent assault/f indecent assault/f rape indecent assault/m

166 APPENDIX D.4 continued Subject Number Number Parole Number Rev.'s ETA's Age st Most Serious Adult Previous Admin. Conviction Type of Index Offence - DO indecent assault/f rape rape attempted rape ( missing missing missing 7 kidnapping indecent assault/f miss'g mising miss'g rape 6 rape gross indecency N/A armed robbery B&E and theft fraud rape indecent assault assault assault Peace off ATLANTIC Nova Scotia 35 missing 8 manslaughter rape ind. ass./f minors att.mur. Peace off. rape attempted rape attempted rape sexual assault attempted murder sexual assault wounding CBH B&E Committ. gross indecency sexual assault CBH. missing CBH w. intent wound

167 APPENDIX D.5 Total Number Previous Sentence Total Time Subject Incarcerations Length Spent Previously Number Prov. and Fed. For DO Incarcerated Index Offence Sex Related PACIFIC B.C yes yes yes yes PRAIRIE Alberta yes yes yes Saskatch yes yes 4 6 missing 74 yes yes yes yes yes yes ? yes ONTARIO yes 03 MISSING yes yes 08 missing missing yes yes no no yes yes yes ? yes yes yes yes

168 APPENDIX D.5 continued Total Number Previous Sentence Total Time Subject Incarcerations Length Spent Previously Index Offence Number Prov. and Fed. For DO Incarcerated Sex Related yes yes yes yes 36 missing missing no 39 missing missing yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes no ATLANTIC Nova Scotia no MINISTRY LIBRARY OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL OCT 24, BIBLIOTHÈQUE MINIS"IÈRE DU 7OLLICITELIR GÉNÉRAL

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170 Oltenia mwmu _ DATE DU E 28. kfets ttp " I na. eiesig_g4 Fitie_24996:, Ul p Mi EV Jakimiec, Janine Dangerous offenders in J3 Canada, : a descriptive analysis.

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