Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 1 of 12 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF OREGON PORTLAND DIVISION

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1 Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 1 of 12 Mike Dillard, Oregon State Bar ID Number md@karnopp.com Josh Newton, Oregon State Bar ID Number jn@karnopp.com J. Christian Malone, Oregon State Bar ID Number cm@karnopp.com KARNOPP PETERSEN LLP Riverpointe One 1201 N.W. Wall St., Suite 300 Bend, Oregon TEL: (541) FAX: (541) Of Attorneys for Plaintiff The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF OREGON PORTLAND DIVISION THE CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE WARM SPRINGS RESERVATION OF OREGON, a federally recognized Indian Tribe, Case No. _ Plaintiff, v. AMBAC ASSURANCE CORPORATION, Defendant. COMPLAINT BREACH OF CONTRACT & STATUTORY ACTION (28 U.S.C. 1332) DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL Plaintiff The Confederated Tribes of the WarmSprings Reservation of Oregon ("Plaintiff' or "Tribe") alleges: Page 1 COMPLAINT wi214.(hhh)\372880_3.doc KARNOPP PETERSEN LLP I() 1201 NW WALL STREET, SUITE 300, BEND, OR ATTORNEYS AT LAW

2 Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 2 of 12 JURISDICTION 1. AND VENUE This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over the claims asserted in this Complaint under 28 U.S.C. 1332(a) because the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and is between citizens of different states. 2. This Court has supplemental jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C over all other claims that are so related to claims in the action within the Court's original jurisdiction that they form part of the same case or controversy under Article III of the United States Constitution. 3. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Defendant because Defendant regularly conducts business within the State of Oregon and the actions giving rise to this lawsuit occurred within the State of Oregon. 4. Venue is proper in this Court under 28 U.S.C. 1391(a) because a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claims occurred, or a substantial part of property that is the subject of this action lies, within this district. Moreover, under 28 U.S.C. 1391(c), Defendant is a corporation that is subject to personal jurisdiction and deemed to reside in this district. PARTIES 5. The Tribe is a federally recognized Indian tribe organized under a Constitution and Bylaws ratified by the members of the Tribe on December 18, 1937, and approved by the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Interior of the United States on February 14, 1938, pursuant to Section 16 of the Indian Reorganizations Act of June 18, 1934 (48 Stat. 984), as amended by the Action of June 15, 1935 (49 Stat. 378). The Tribe is the successor to the Indian Page 2 COMPLAINT )(1 KARNOPP PETERSEN LLP wi214.(hhh)\372880_3.doc 1201 NW WALL STREET, SUITE 300, BEND, OR

3 Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 3 of 12 signatories of the Treaty with the Tribes and Bands of Middle Oregon of June 25, 1855, 12 Stat. 963 ("1855 Treaty"). 6. Defendant Ambac Assurance Corporation ("Defendant" or "Ambac") is a stock insurance corporation chartered under the laws of the state of Wisconsin, with its principal place of business in New York, New York, and, consequently, a citizen of a state other than Oregon. ALLEGATIONS COMMON TO ALL CLAIMS FOR RELIEF 7. The Tribe occupies the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, which was established by the 1855 Treaty and is approximately 640,000 acres. The Reservation is located in central Oregon and is bordered on the east by the Deschutes River, on the south by the Metolius River, on the west by the summit of the Cascade Mountain range, and on the north by the Tygh Ridge. Over ninety-nine percent (99%) of the total reservation acreage is held in trust for either the Tribe or individual Indian allotees by the United States. 8. The headquarters of the Tribe is located in the community ofwann Springs, which is located on S. Highway 26, approximately 16 miles northwest of Madras, the nearest Oregon city, and approximately 100 miles southeast of Portland, the largest city in Oregon. 9. The Tribe and Portland General Electric Company ("PGE") are co-licensees of the Pelton Hydroelectric Project (FERC Project No. 2030) ("Pelton Project"). The Pelton Project, composed of three sequential dams (the Round Butte Dam, the Pelton Dam and the Reregulating Dam) and certain related generating and transmission facilities, is located on the Deschutes River along the Reservation's eastern boundary. The Pelton Project operates as a modified "run of the river" system, meaning that the normal daily outflow from the Reregulating Dam is roughly equal to the daily inflow to the Pelton Project. Page 3 COMPLAINT I{J KARNOPP PETERSEN LLP w1214,(hhh)\ NW WALL STREET, SUITE 300, BEND, OR ,382,3011 _3,doc

4 Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 4 of The Round Butte Dam, which commenced operation in 1964, is the uppermost of the three dams and impounds portions of the Metolius, Crooked, and Deschutes Rivers, forming Lake Billy Chinook, a popular recreation destination. The Pelton Dam, which commenced operation in 1958, is located seven miles downstream of the Round Butte Dam. The Pelton Dam backs up the Deschutes River to form Lake Simtustus, which extends back to the tailrace of the Round Butte Dam. The Reregulating Dam is located below Pelton Dam and commenced operation in The primary purpose of the Reregulating Dam is to redistribute the uneven discharges from the upper two dams to approximate natural river flows over the remaining length of the Deschutes River. 11. The Pelton Project was originally licensed to PGE, as the sole licensee, by the Federal Power Commission, the predecessor to FERC, under a 50-year license issued in FERC amended the license in 1980 to make PGE and the Tribe joint licensees, with each liable to the extent oftheir separate interests in the Pelton Project. FERC issued the 2005 License, which is a 50-year license, to PGE and the Tribe on June 21,2005. The 2005 License continues to June 1, The Tribe and PGE are joint-licensees with regard to the Pelton Project, and as such, they are jointly and severally liable to carry out the terms and conditions of the 2005 License. 12. The Round Butte generating facility has a demonstrated peaking capacity of 358 MW, and a dependable capacity of 104 MW based on the lowest water year on record. The Pelton generating facility has a demonstrated peaking capacity of 110 MW, and a dependable capacity of38 MW based on the lowest water year on record. The Tribe is the sole owner of the generation facilities at the Reregulating Dam, but those facilities are not part of the Project. Page 4 COMPLAINT w1214.(hhh)\ _ 3.doc I( J KARNOPP PETERSEN LLP ATTORNEYS AT LAW 1201 NW WALL STREET, SUITE 300, BEND, OR

5 Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 5 of The Pelton Dam and Reregulating Dam commenced operation in 1958 and the Round Butte Dam commenced operation in The Pelton Project was originally licensed to PGE, as the sole licensee, by the Federal Power Commission, the predecessor to FERC, under a 50-year license issued in FERC amended the license in 1980 to make PGE and the Tribe joint licensees, with each liable to the extent oftheir separate interests in the Pelton Project. 14. In 1999, as the original FERC license for the Pelton Project was due to expire, the Tribe and PGE submitted separate and competing relicense applications. Thereafter, the Tribe and PGE entered into negotiations over, among other things, the future ownership and operation of the Pelton Project. 15. In April 2000, the Tribe, PGE and the United States Department of the Interior entered into a Long-Term Global Settlement and Compensation Agreement ("GSA"). The GSA was approved by FERC, the U.S. Congress and the Oregon Public Utility Commission. The GSA is a comprehensive agreement that establishes the relationship relating to the Pelton Project among PGE, the Tribe and the Department ofthe Interior for up to the next half century, and recognizes the Tribe's long-term goal of controlling all natural resources within the Reservation. Pursuant to the GSA, all claims between PGE and the Tribe were released and the Tribe granted to PGE all the rights and easements necessary for PGE to carry out its obligations as a FERC licensee. The GSA provides the sole and exclusive means by which PGE will compensate the Tribe for all ofpge's activities in connection with the Pelton Project. In addition, PGE granted the Tribe options to purchase up to a % interest in the jointly owned facilities of the Pelton Project at net book value. The Tribe purchased an initial 33.33% interest in the jointly owned facilities of the Pelton Project, effective January 1,2002. Page 5 COMPLAINT I(J KARNOPP PETERSEN LLP w1214.(hhh)\372880_3.doc 1201 NW WALL STREET, SUITE 300, BEND, OR

6 Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 6 of The original license expired on December 31, FERC issued a new license to PGE and the Tribe, as joint licensees, on June 21, Between December 31,2001 and June 21, 2005, PGE and the Tribe operated the Pelton Project under annual licenses. 17. On October 10,2003, the Tribe issued Hydroelectric Revenue Bonds, Series 2003 (Pelton-Round Butte Project) (Taxable Auction Rate Securities) (CUSIP: AA 7) in an aggregate principal amount of $50,000,000, which were ARS bonds ("2003 ARS Bonds"). The 2003 ARS Bonds were issued by the Tribe to finance and refinance costs of acquiring its ownership interest in the Pelton Project and of improvements related thereto, to pay issuance costs, and to fund reserves. 18. As part of the 2003 ARS Bonds offering, the Tribe purchased a financial guaranty insurance policy from Ambac to provide the credit rating enhancement that would give the ARS Bonds a AAA rating ("Bond Policy"). The Tribe also purchased a second insurance policy, in the form of a surety bond, from Ambac guaranteeing the Tribe's obligations under a Swap Agreement with Citibank, N.A. ("Citibank") to hedge against a high variable interest rate for the ARS Bonds ("Swap Policy"). The combined up front insurance premium that the Tribe paid Ambac for both policies was approximately $5.1 million. 19. The Tribe purchased those policies in reliance on Ambac's strict underwriting and risk exposure standards and its then AAA credit rating. The Tribe's purpose in purchasing the financial guaranty policies was to enhance the credit rating of the 2003 ARS Bonds to ensure their marketability at affordable interest rates. The Tribe relied on Ambac's AAA credit rating as a material part of its decision to issue the 2003 ARS Bonds and to purchase the financial guaranty policies. Without Ambac's AAA rating, the Tribe understood that its Bonds were Page 6 COMPLAINT w 1214.(hhh)\ _3.doc I(J KARNOPP PETERSEN LLP ATTORNEYS AT LAW 1201 NW WALL STREET. SUITE 300. BEND, OR

7 Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 7 of 12 likely not marketable in the ARS market. The Tribe's purchase of the financial guaranty policies from Ambac raised the credit rating on the 2003 ARS Bonds. 20. At the time that Ambac issued the financial guaranty policies, it knew of the benefits it was conferring on the Tribe in the form ofthe enhanced credit rating and it knew that, in purchasing that credit rating enhancement, the Tribe was relying on that benefit in its decision to issue the 2003 ARS Bonds. 21. At the time that Ambac issued the financial guaranty policies, it knew that, if its credit rating was downgraded, the Tribe would be required to pay substantially higher interest rates on the 2003 ARS Bonds. Ambac, through its agents, made representations to the Tribe and its agents that there was little if any risk that Ambac' s long standing high AAA credit rating would ever be lost or reduced. Ambac failed to disclose to the Tribe and its agents that there was a possibility that Ambac planned to, or might in the future, venture into new and more risky areas of guaranty and insurance business that would greatly increase the future risk of Ambac suffering a loss of its AAA credit rating. Through its representations and failures to disclose Ambac lead the Tribe to believe, and to rely upon the fact that, the financial guaranty policies purchased from Ambac would eliminate any future risk that interest rate for the 2003 ARS Bonds would substantially increase due to a loss of Ambacs' AAA credit rating. 22. When the Tribe purchased the financial guaranty policies from Ambac, the Tribe relied on the fact that Ambac historically adhered to conservative underwriting and risk management practices and therefore was not exposed to any material risk of a credit rating downgrade. Sometime in the mid 2000s Ambac abandoned its conservative underwriting and risk management practices and intentionally began engaging in much riskier guaranty and insurance business to enhance its revenues. Page 7 COMPLAINT w1214.(hhh)\ _3.doc I()KARNOPP PETERSEN L.L.P ATTORNEYS AT LAW 1201 NW WALL STREET, SUITE 300, BEND, OR

8 Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 8 of Beginning in March 2008, the stability of Ambac's AAA credit rating became a concern within the ARS industry when credit rating agencies designated Arnbac as a negative credit watch. In June 2008, Ambac's credit rating was downgraded for the first time. Ultimately, in June 2009, Ambac's credit rating was downgraded to BBB-, which triggered a penalty interest rate of 17% under the Tribe's 2003 ARS Bonds Indenture. 24. Faced with an unsustainable interest rate, the Tribe was forced to refinance the 2003 ARS Bonds by issuing new bonds with higher interest rates. The costs that the Tribe incurred from the interest rate increase and the refinancing of the 2003 ARS Bonds were directly caused by Ambac's credit rating downgrade. 25. As a result of Ambac's conduct, the Tribe has been damaged in an amount exceeding $15 million. FIRST CLAIM FOR RELIEF (Breach of Contract) 26. The Tribe re-alleges paragraphs 1 through 25 as though set forth fully herein. 27. The Tribe entered into an agreement with Arnbac for Arnbac to provide credit enhancement on the 2003 ARS Bonds to improve the bonds' marketability and to reduce the interest rates the Tribe would have to pay to bondholders. 28. As part of its agreement with Ambac, the Tribe purchased the Bond and Swap Policies to guarantee payment ofthe Tribe's obligations to the bondholders and to guarantee its obligations Page 8 COMPLAINT w1214.(hhh)\372880_3.doc KARNOPP PETERSEN LLP I{) ATTORNEYS AT LAW 1201 NW WALL STREET, SUITE 300, BEND, OR 97701

9 Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 9 of 12 under the Swap Agreement with Citibank. For both policies, the Tribe paid up front premiums to Arnbac of approximately $5.1 million. 29. Arnbac breached its contract with the Tribe when it failed to maintain its AAA credit rating and failed to continue to provide the credit enhancement to the 2003 ARS Bonds for which the Tribe contracted. 30. Ambac's breach of its contract with the Tribe has caused damages to the Tribe exceeding $15 million, in the form of up front premiums, additional finance costs resulting from the interest rate increases and the cost refinancing the 2003 ARS Bonds through the issuance of new bonds in SECOND CLAIM FOR RELIEF (Statutory Tort-ORS Chapter 746) 31. The Tribe re-alleges paragraphs 1 through 25 as though set forth fully herein. 32. Ambac has violated Oregon's insurance laws in connection with the sale of its financial guaranty policies to the Tribe by employing a device, scheme, or artifice to defraud the Tribe into purchasing Ambac's policies for credit enhancement purposes for the issuance of its 2003 ARS Bonds. 33. Ambac's violations of Oregon's insurance laws have actual damages to the Tribe in excess of$15 million, in the form of up front premiums, additional finance costs resulting from the interest rate increases and the cost refinancing the 2003 ARS Bonds through the issuance of new bonds in Page 9 COMPLAINT I{J KARNOPP PETERSEN LLP wi214.(hhh)\372880jdoc 1201 NW WALL STREET, SUITE 300, BEND, OR

10 Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 10 of 12 THIRD CLAIM FOR RELIEF (Statutory Violations of ORS Chapter 59) 34. The Tribe re-alleges paragraphs 1 through 25 as though set forth fully herein. 35. Ambac has violated Oregon's securities laws in connection with the purchase and sale of the 2003 ARS Bonds, in the conduct of its securities business, and in receiving consideration for advising the Tribe as to the sale of the 2003 ARS Bonds in one more of the following particulars: (1) By employing a device, scheme or artifice to defraud; (2) By making untrue statements of a material fact or omitting to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in the light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; and (3) By engaging in any acts and practices that operated as a fraud or deceit upon the Tribe. 36. Ambac's violations of Oregon's securities laws have caused damage to the Tribe in excess of $15 million, in the form of up front premiums, additional finance costs resulting from the interest rate increases and the cost refinancing the 2003 ARS Bonds through the issuance of new bonds in Pursuant to Oregon law, the Tribe is entitled to recover its reasonable attorney fees. FOURTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF (Unjust Enrichment) 38. The Tribe re-alleges paragraphs 1 through 25 as though set forth fully herein. Page 10 COMPLAINT w 1214.(hhh)\372880_3.doc I() KARNOPP PETERSEN LLP ATTORNEYS AT LAW 1201 NW WALL STREET, SUITE 300, BEND, OR

11 Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 11 of The Tribe conferred a benefit on Ambac through its purchase of the Bond and Swap Policies for approximately $5.1 million. Ambac is aware that it has received that benefit. Under the circumstances, it would be unjust to allow Ambac to retain the purchase price of the Bond and Swap Policies. 40. The Tribe is entitled to recover the amount of unjust enrichment received by Ambac in an amount in excess of $5.1 million. FIFTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF (Negligence Per Se) 41. The Tribe re-alleges paragraphs 1 through 25,31 through 33, and 34 through 37 as though set forth fully herein. 42. Ambac has violated ORS Chapter 59 and ORS Chapter 746. As a result of Ambac's statutory violations, the Tribe has been injured. The Tribe is a member of the class of persons meant to be protected by ORS Chapter 59 and ORS Chapter 746, and the type of injury suffered by the Tribe is of a type that ORS Chapter 59 and ORS Chapter 746 were enacted to prevent. 43. Ambac's acts of negligence per se have caused damage to the Tribe in excess of$15 million, in the form of up front premiums, additional finance costs resulting from the interest rate increases and the cost refinancing the 2003 ARS Bonds through the issuance of new bonds in Page 11 COMPLAINT wi214.(hhh)\372880_3.doc I( J KARNOPP PETERSEN LLP ATTORNEYS AT LAW 1201 NW WALL STREET, SUITE 300, BEND, OR

12 Case 3:10-cv KI Document 1 Filed 02/05/2010 Page 12 of 12 WHEREFORE, plaintiff The Confederated Tribes ofthe Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon prays for a judgment in its favor and against defendant Ambac Assurance Corporation as follows: 1. On plaintiffs FIRST CLAIM FOR RELIEF, for judgment against defendant for money damages in an amount exceeding 15 million to be proven at trial; 2. On plaintiffs SECOND CLAIM FOR RELIEF, for judgment against defendant for money damages in an amount exceeding 15 million to be proven at trial; 3. On plaintiffs THIRD CLAIM FOR RELIEF, for judgment against defendant for money damages in an amount exceeding 15 million to be proven at trial, and for plaintiff s attorney fees; 4. On plaintiffs FOURTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF, for judgment against defendant for money damages in an amount exceeding 1.5 million to be proven at trial; 5. On plaintiffs FIFTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF, for judgment against defendant for money damages in an amount exceeding 15 million to be proven at trial; 6. For plaintiffs costs and disbursements; and 7. For such other relief as the court deems equitable and just. DATED this ± day of February, Micheal Dillard, OSB# mld@karnopp.com Josh Newton, OSB# jn@karnopp.com J. Christian Malone, OSB# cm@karnopp.com TEL: (541) FAX: (541) Of Attorneys for Plaintiff The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon Page 12 COMPLAINT )() KARNOPP PETERSEN LLP w1214.(hhh)\372880jdoc 1201 NW WALL STREET, SUITE 300, BEND, OR