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1 Page 1 of 5 PEAT Time-Line of Pivotal Documents Influential Publications The PEAT Time-Line of Pivotal Documents Influential Publications Year Document(s) Individual (s) Organization (s) Significance Critics/Opponents (if any) Influence Effect 1945 : The Endless Frontier Vanevar Bush Foundational Doctrine of Post-war university based scientific research. Unknown Widely Accepted as basis for postwar basic research The Dem Supply of Scientific Personnel David Blank George Stigler In his autobiography, Stigler alleges that report was censored by interested parties within establishment due to its potential political impact on federal funding technical labor Dynamic Shortages Price Rises: The Engineer- Scientist Case Kenneth Arrow Capron 1975 Letter To Rep. Joshua Eilberg John Osvald, Thanks Representative Eilberg as chairman of Subcommittee of House Judiciary Committee for his help getting colleges exempted from stard labor certification requirements. Action goes by all but unnoticed. Opposed by some representatives on basis that changes are being pushed through congress at end of term without opportunity for debate, examination or ammendment. Exemption passes successfuly A Nation At Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform David P. Gardner, Commission on Excellence in Education Professors: A Howard R. Bowen

2 Page 2 of Resource Imperiled Jack H. Shuster 1986 The Pipeline For Scientific Technical Personnel: Past Lessons Applied to Future Changes of Interest to Policy-Makers Human Resource Specialists. [No Author Attribution on Paper] Foundation: Policy, Research, Analysis Division Indicates that NSF understood as early as 1986 that science 's' are intrinsically economic in nature not purely demographic phenomena. Suggests that rising wages can be depressed by disallowing free market to function. Suggested mechanisms to depress U.S. science wages include using visas to pay foreign nationals to enter U.S. graduate programs using government fellowships as 'lures' to enter graduate studies. The study is internal was not apparently released to outsiders for fear of critical response. At a minimum, market intervention suggestions appears to anticipate NSF sponsored legislative funding developments which follow Future Scarcities of Scientists Engineers: Problems Solutions (Various Titles, pg of Foundation: Policy, Research, Analysis Division Used by NSF director Erich Bloch to create a climate of concern over scientist 's' begining in 's. Rep. Howard as well as Alan Fechter, Robert White, Teitelbaum or analysts. Effective in increasing NSF funding in adding strong provisions into Act of 1987 Workforce 2000: Work Workers in Twenty- First Century Johnston Arnold Packer Hudson Institute Prospects for

3 Page 3 of Faculty in Arts s: A Study of Factors Affecting Dem Supply, 1987 to 2012 Bowen, W.G., Sosa, J Testimony on Act of Kirwan, University of Maryl at College Park, Representing Argued that based on projections coupled to singular nature of Eilberg exemption of 1976, that U.S. should irfore be entitled to a unique privilidge of unfettered access to foreign nationals (both to maintain excellence avert crippling labor s). Analysts like Teitelbaum, Lawrence Mishel, Malcolm Lovell, Vernon Briggs ors reject notion of a looming labor. Act of passes with strong provisions as well as exemptions for 'outsting professors'. Congressional Testimony on immigration s of scientists engineers in s. Phillip Griffiths, Provost Duke University panic over s of scientists engineers act passes with exemptions for scientific employers. Supply Dem for Scientists Engineers: A Crisis in Making [ Excerpts From Speech] Richard Atkinson, Association for Advancement of Fuels panic passage of Statement to Senate hearing on "Shortage of Engineers Scientists" (pg. 690 of Erich Bloch, Director Foundation Fuels panic Analysts like Teitelbaum, Lawrence Mishel, Malcolm Lovell, Vernon Briggs ors reject notion of a looming labor passage of

4 Page 4 of 5. Heading Off A PhD Shortage Robert Rosenzweig () John Vaughn (Director of Federal Relations) Adds to panic passage of,, Sorcerer's Apprentice (pg. 445 of Robert M. White, Academy of Openly questions basis for panic Contributes impetus culminating in in Shortages Shortfalls: Myths Realities (pg. 464 of Alan Fechter, Executive Director Office of Scientific Personnel, Resarch Council Openly questions basis for panic Contributes impetus culminating in in Senate Bill 44. Daniel Moynihan, Senator United States Senate Responding to Richard Atkinson Dorothy Zinberg, introduces a bill to alleviate scientist labor s by automatically granting a green card to any individual possessing a Ph.D., masters or bachelors degree in any field of natural science or. Unknown Bill fails Projecting Personnel Requirements for s: How Good are Numbers? Howard, Invsestigations Oversight Committee, House Committee on, Space, Extensive hearing which gave evidence of a pattern of deception by Foundation ors (see for example statement of Joel Barries on pg. 404). Eric Bloch, Peter House, James Duderstadt Successfuly, if temporarily, ended panic over s led to questions about deliberate supersaturation of science labor markets.

5 Page 5 of Reshaping Graduate Education of Scientists Engineers Phillip Griffiths, COSEPUP, NAS Daniel Greenberg, David Goodstein, Eric Weinstein as well as a later NAS/NRC report on "Trends in Early Careers of Life Scientists" 1995 The production utilization of doctorates in United States F. Massy Charles A. Goldman Stanford R Corp. Charlotte Kuh 1997 Help Wanted Harris Miller, Stuart Anderson ITAA Accounting Office, Norman Matloff, Robert Lerman America's New Deficit: The Shortage of Information Workers Department of Commerce Accounting Office, Norman Matloff, Robert Lerman Critique of: America's New Deficit: The Shortage of Information Workers Accounting Office Harris Miller Temporarily Frustrated passage of Bill seeking to exp number of h1- b guestworker visas. Debunking Myth of a Desperate Software Labor Shortage Norman Matloff, Professor Department of Computer, University of California at Davis Raised questions about existence of IT professionals. T.J. Rogers, Harris Miller, Stuart Anderson, Spencer Abraham Temporarily Frustrated passage of Bill seeking to exp number of h1- b guestworker visas.

Impact of Employer-Sponsored Tech Immigrants on the U.S.

Impact of Employer-Sponsored Tech Immigrants on the U.S. Norm Matloff Department of Computer Science University of California at Davis Davis, CA 95616 USA matloff@cs.ucdavis.edu The Changing Face of America: