Introduction. Radio & Digital Audio Messages on peace building and social education in South Sudan. Project Title: Partner Name: Across Twelve months

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1 Introduction Across 2015 Annual Report for Peace building conducted in Sudan Sudanese Cattle camps, PoCs and Refugee camps in Uganda. Submitted to:dan Church Aid. 29th January 2016 Prepared by Walter Duku, Media Manager, Across, Yei On December 15, 2013 tension between factions loyal to the South Sudan government and the group aligned with the former South Sudan Vice-President, erupted into fighting on the streets of Juba and later spread to other regions. South Sudan's dramatic return to war has torn communities apart and left thousands dead, large numbers of citizens displaced now either in IDP camps or forced to leave the country into exile. Besides this cattle raiding incidents were reported in some places while various factions press on with revenge attacks. Across for the past years has used solar-powered digital audio player (DAP) technologies to convey messages of peace and help address common issues that make communities attack each other. Most of the feedback received from the field after groups have listened to the peace messages express satisfaction and listeners actually request Across to provide more of the players to communities so they can learn to coexist with neighbouring communities. A visit by Across and DCA staff to Terekeka revealed that the DAPs' impact on communities is great. There were cases where young men who used to steal cows and people's food have abandoned their earlier lifestyle and have promised to continue to live good lives and behave well in their community. A. Project Details/ Background Information Project Title: Partner Name: Total duration of the Project: Radio & Digital Audio Messages on peace building and social education in South Sudan Across Twelve months Reporting Period: January to December, Project Location: No. of female rights holders targeted in the reporting period No. of male rights holders targeted in the reporting period Jonglei state, Terekeka county in central Equatoria, Refugee camps in northern Uganda, POCs in Bor and Juba. List the number of planned communities reached, with a % of women included participating in project activities? Explain possible deviations from plans. 8, Approx were reached by Jonglei FM and 17,005 were reached by DAPs. Of this number about 40% were female right holders. See the table "Summary of distribution" for more detail. 1

2 B: Brief summary of Project Progress Report Provide a brief summary of the main developments and points of progress (success or lack of thereof) with emphasis on changes in the context. Main Developments/ Progress Areas of Concern/ No Progress Procured 420 blank new audio players version 4 from South Africa. Procured 620 4GB micro SD cards. Procured assorted sports items for distribution in camps. Organised 2 social cohesion events in Arua and Adjumani. Reach most of our target areas in South Sudan as planned except Pibor which we were unable to reach due to flooding and insecurity by late Monitored DAPs performance in areas and cattle camps supplied. Printed 200 T-shirts for distribution in cattle camps and refugee camps. 72 new peace and social development messages developed for DCA funded DAPs and distributed during Due to current unpredictable security in Jonglei state and the new government policy of creating new states we were unable to distribute DAPs in Pibor but reach some targeted beneficiaries of that place in refugee camps and IDPs inside south Sudan. C: Status of implementation process and outcomes As mentioned above, the focus of this report is outcomes. Provide key information on the implementation process and outcomes to date. Also provide information on those activities not undertaken (either fully or partially) with reasons for the same. Project objective 1. Planned outputs Progress during the reporting period Reasons for nonfulfilment Outcome Indicator 1 To create a dialogue on peace and social cohesion through oral media in cattle camp communities 180 listening groups reached with peace and reconciliation messages through the DAPs. 20,000 people receiving peace and reconciliation messages through Radio (& DAPs) 240 DAPs procured and distributed in year Mobilisation and selection of 50 new cattle camps, 4 IDP camps (1 in Bor, 3 in Juba though now coalescing into 1 at Jebel) and 2 refugee camps in Uganda near Arua (5 sub-camps) and Adjumani (4 sub-camps). All IDP & Refugee camps were new to this project Review with about 60 listening groups in the cattle camps Monitoring visits done Recording of feedbacks from beneficiaries, see impact stories The plan was to reach Pibor with 80 Murle peace DAPs but security and flooding could not permit. How did these outputs contribute to this outcome indicator? 2

3 All planned items for the project for the year - except coverage in Pibor itself which was replaced by some Murle coverage elsewhere - have successfully been achieved and this implies objective one for the project was achieved. Project objective 2. Outcome Indicators Progress to date Reasons for non-fulfilment Outcome Indicator 1 To create a forum for peaceful interaction between cattle camp communities No. of Locally initiated peaceful activities between the different cattle camp communities involving more than one tribe. Two dialogue events on relationship building were held in Arua and Adjumani for refugee s leaders in northern Ugandan camps on 5 th & 6 th May between tribes that have benefited from the project training in September. There were 69 participants in the dialogue workshop from the three communities of Dinka Alia, Dinka Bor, and Mundari of Terekeka How did these outputs contribute to this outcome indicator? There were none. The dialogues were very successful conducted. Resolution: Strengthening community civic competence levels: The civic competence of the Sudanese nationals to hold their leaders accountable is still wanting/low. Advocacy and networking mechanisms: Across should invest resources in the key advocacy issues presented during the meetings. Leadership /Human capital develop-ment: The biggest challenge as mentioned by the participants causing conflicts among the tribal groups is lack of visionary and accountable leadership. Involving government leaders and Civil Society organizations working in the area of peace building in the subsequent Cohesion meetings The conflicting communities were able to come together to share experience and lay down resolutions to help restore peace amongst their communities. This contributed in the sense that communities can solve their issues when given opportunities. Project objective 3. Outcome Indicators Progress to date Reasons for non-fulfilment How did these outputs contribute to this outcome indicator? Though the project had no car of its own last year, it was able to use a car purchased for another project but acquiring one for next year will help improve area coverage, reduce cost of hire, and reduce clashes with 3

4 availability of a vehicle often needed by other projects. Secondly, the house that was constructed in Bor will cater for staff accommodation and can be used as an office thereby cutting cost on accommodation charges. Some basic office equipment (laptop and printer/scanner) are already assisting with project reporting. Provide a description of how the project has worked with Cross Cutting Issues: Rights-based commitment and Gender Equality, including rights-holders participation, access to project information and complaints and feedback mechanisms. Beneficiaries were involved in this project by allowing them to share experience and suggest the kind of programs they wish to be recorded Women in cattle camps were issued DAPs to listen to peace messages as well. Both women and men have reported on their marriage being strengthened by the DAP teaching. We get feedback from beneficiaries through the chiefs of the area. Some within network coverage make telephone calls. Others write letters of appreciation and request more DAPs for the community. Provide a brief description of how the project has contributed to the DCA country programme objective/s? Objective 1 Everyone where Across reaches with the DAP technology now believes it is possible to create peace by using new technologies. It can certainly contribute to an environment where people can more easily communicate, understand the current situation, visualize the implications of their actions, understand each other s point of view, and form meaningful relationships with people who are geographically or culturally different. All of these are important aids in the peace-building process, as we move, one step at a time, towards a sustainable peace. There were certainly positive indications in the monitoring visits and interviews that media personnel conducted. The youth and local leaders did feel the change in their professional life as well as personal life, their capacity to handle local issues within the community or at home increased after the DAP training and cohesion meetings. These clearly show signs of the effectiveness of the Project. The surveys revealed that the level of confidence increased and resolving conflicts or issues with a more constructive approach has helped those who work with youth in cattle camps deal with many problems. To create a dialogue on peace and social cohesion through oral media in cattle camp communities Objective 2 To create a forum for peaceful interaction between cattle camp communities D: Analysis of Constraints, Lessons Learned & Sustainability Describe any new lessons learned in the course of project implementation and how they are shared with relevant stakeholders. The peace building by DAPs program has also created a one of a kind, reference material in refugee camps because people are interested in peace building programs. Their initiative is innovative in the targeted areas at producing youth programs as well. Across peace building DAPs has created a general goodwill amongst its beneficiaries. Lack of documentation and monitoring mechanism in settlements has somehow affected camp groups as they had broken DAPs and did not know where to repair them. For example an elderly lady from Rhino camp 4

5 reported that she sent her broken DAP to Arua town but it could not be repaired as people have no knowledge of fixing broken DAPs. With constant monitoring, the DAP listening participants would refer to specific messages they remembered as enduring points of reference to remove their confusion and therefore, are more likely to implement ideas that they have learnt from the messages played. In order to improve the maximum usage of the peace DAPs, constant monitoring and a feedback mechanism for at least four months should be planned and developed. Without this, the beneficiary becomes reluctant to listen to all the programs and the space between participants and Across staff increases. Provide a brief analysis of project constraints during the current (and / or previous) reporting periods and indicate how you are dealing with it. If necessary, indicate areas where DCA could assist in alleviating the constraints. How will the outcomes achieved be maintained in the longer term (sustainability)? Describe any changes in critical assumptions and risks during the reporting period? Insecurity - when people travel and where staff seek the camps in remote places. So close monitoring of the situation is needed and a vehicle in good condition is required so our staffs don t get stranded in dangerous places. During the rainy season, other roads of Jonglei State are highly inaccessible. The motor cycle stolen during the civil war has been replaced and will help get through bad roads in Bor county in The new car purchased is fitted with a winch. In the dry season, many of the east bank cattle camps cross over the Nile River to stay on the Islands. And hiring of motor-boats involves a lot of risks. E.g. when the boat breaks down while in water with no life jackets, that could be a very great risk. The advantages of the DAPs use are that the players will last for more than three years if handled well. This means the population will continue to benefit from a DAP's messages as long as it functions well. In addition the oral messages are like stories which are learned and retold even when the DAP is not available. Secondly, the DAP as a tool for peace building (and literacy teaching in cattle camps, and teacher and PTA training in yet other projects) is attracting interest for more widespread use. Good relations with church and state authorities stood us in good stead as we re-established ourselves and they were very supportive in encouraging our activities. E: Project Management & Coordination Describe coordination & collaboration activities undertaken and how they contributed to project outcomes. Coordination between Across staff and the government personnel on project sites has been excellent. For example mobilisation for a dialogue meeting held in Arua and Adjumani on 24 th and 26 th September was done by leaders and government focal persons in camps and in Terekeka in 2014 had involved the Payam Director of Tombek. Also encouraging is the developing collaboration between other donor 5

6 projects with the Across Radio Department and this cooperation is in various stages regarding peace building in combination with other programming on DAPs.. How did this project relate/contribute with other projects of your organisation? What issues and events within the organisation had an impact on project management? The relation of these projects can be attributed to multiple factors. The first is the DAP format is effective with both youth and adults in cattle camps. The second is suitability of the players to convey messages without being perceived as propaganda. Third, the entertainment value also fills a gap as both IDPs and cattle keeping population are isolated and starved of entertainments so DAPs education and peace building messages filled these gaps. We had independently recorded 40 songs on peace from a new hymnbook and which are loved by the people but the spiritual tone was not acceptable to DCA so only one was approved. But we have taught the national anthem tune, words and their meaning on the current peace DAPs as an element of building national unity. Skilled finance staff recruited helped greatly in timely reporting of the project funds. Failure by the government to control currency exchange affects prices in the market. Staff turnover also impacted on the project activity especially when the Murle presenter received an appointment to a top government office in greater Pibor area leaving the position vacant so field work was not possible. F: Way Forward/Conclusion. Describe any anticipated events in the coming year that may have a bearing on the project and how would you manage. If project is ending, describe the possibilities of replication and expansion. Should the current war stop, Across will explore opportunities to reach more new cattle camps in Jonglei and spread to other regions of the country where it was difficult to access the project beneficiaries in the past. Provided some funds are available and DCA supports the idea, we can take up these opportunities. The DAPs initiative in building peace in conflict areas of south Sudan will continue through groups of volunteer youths who were supplied peace DAPs. This will actually increase the chance of replication without the need for funding from Across since the players are solar powered. Efforts will be made during DAPs trainings to establish local systems and structures to enable youth in cattle camps to continue to engage in activities related to the radio broadcast and various social media that promotes peaceful coexistence among communities. The project over the last two years has already seen elements of potential self-sustainability. Already UNICEF in Tonj East and a Girls education project in Rumbek have been helped by Across in a project which is integrating the peace messages developed or use translations of them into a DAP-based training project. 6

7 Some impact stories received from DAPs beneficiaries during follow-up visits by Across staff in cattle camps, IDPs camp and refugee camps in Uganda. An 18 years of age refugee living in Rhino camp said he first listened to peace building message on 25 th November, Twenty five age mates listened to the peace messages. Some were women. He said: He feels comfortable when he listens to the messages with his friends. He was encouraged by a message that asks people to sit and negotiate around table if there's a problem. He is asking Across to return to Rhino camp to train youth and leaders on peace. He acknowledge to have gained skill to solve problems among the youth. He feels bad if he fails to listen to peace message even for a day. 25 Years old Nyebuony Gony, a Nuer refugee living in Rhino camp, said she benefited a lot from a message she heard about peace, and unity among different tribes, as recorded on the DAP. According to her they are twenty three in number who have really benefited much from the messages played from Across DAPs. Some of them were children who gathered around fire place to listen to the message at night. She said she learn the differences between what can be good and bad for a community like; Nepotism which is bad Unity of tribes which is good She also pointed out that if she misses listening to peace messages, she tends to remember the bad things that she witnessed happening back home. All in all she is very appreciative to Across and the organization that supports Across to reach them with messages of peace. She however suggests that Across should add messages to encourage young women who left their husband in south Sudan and are now looking after their children single-handedly so they are encouraged to remain faithful. Akol Kur Ayuen, a 27 year old Dinka man living in Rhino camp, confirmed to Across staff that he: Now understand way people need to live together in peace. He was inspired by Across peace DAPs that he received in mid He got knowledge of God through listening to a Megavoice player. This is player donated by Across to refugees and loaded with spiritual and peace messages. Some life skills were also added to foster the spirit of work among the youth. Yuen further stated that we shall have prosperous South Sudanese people who; a) avoid fighting each other b) if they would have good leaders who would think first about their suffering people c) and have a democratic institution where voices of the poor are heard. Across was able to interact with 50 DAP recipients and the general impressions noted during the interviews are listed below: more DAPs to be supplied to refugees in the camps to enhance peaceful coexistence with host communities and other refugee tribes record messages to discourage forceful marriage now causing tensions in refugee settlements record programs that can counter sexually-based gender violence among refugee population supply DAPs for tribes like Acholi, Kuku, Moro and Zande who met with the same violence and are now taking refugee with the trauma of the atrocities they suffered conduct regular cohesion meetings on peace for the refugee population supply hymnbooks and Bibles in various languages so refugees can learn to live a Godly way 7

8 Impact story from Bor and Twic East counties; A lady called by name Atong Mayol Juuk, was born in Mathiang, Baidid Payam in Bor County. Her father was by then working with the government in Khartoum. She was taken there in when young and grew up there. Atong was married and bore one boy in early 1980s. During the time of repatriation in the 2000s, this boy got a chance of going to Australia while in Cairo and Atong came back to Jonglei to live with her brother Kuol Manyang Juuk, the former governor of Jonglei State. Atong was everything to her; she could get money for her support any time she wanted. But one day an unfortunate situation arose: her son was involved in a car accident and died. When Atong heard the news, she collapsed and after her recovery, she became psychologically disturbed. Poor Atong lived many years with no hope she would one day laugh or rejoice with other people. One day, a certain women who was disturbed by Atong s situation, realized the import-ance of a DAP, brought her one and told her to listen in the night. Atong explained: When that woman left, I threw the DAP under my bed with anger and it stayed there for many months. One day, when I felt I should remove all the stuff under my bed, my eyes fell on the DAP. I took it out and pressed any key. It begun to talk and one of the programs entitled, have peace with yourself was on. I kept listening until later it took me to one favorite program entitled, Life is fragile and with care, you can make your own life better, don t lose hope. After listening to this wonderful program, I regained my strength and said loudly to myself, My son was not the only channel of my life, I can do without him! and therefore woke up. Some women who had come to comfort me thought that I became mad. But that time I began thinking of what I could do to support my living. One day, I decided to make a restaurant and this thought came to pass. Now, at my back is my restaurant and I am earning enough money that is keeping me and my two small children. I hope these two children will study without failure. Atong s life is completely changed. She said that she put both the DAP and that woman who brought it to her in the position of her late son. Feedback from the cattle camp youth in Jonglei state; Youth of Bor County in Gut-mayen cattle camp Majok Jokril Achol, a huge man in the middle holding some DAPs in his hands, is a very physically strong man. He is the best wrestler among the wrestlers of Jonglei State. Majok has a very good reputation among his youth. And his youth listen to him. Mr. Majok said, In these three communities of Dinka, Nuer and Murle, the troublesome group people who bring disaster are as follows: - Strong men (Youth) like me - youth with a gun and good at aiming, can mobilize young men to carry out an attack 8

9 on nearby tribes. My message to Across is to advocate to the government to mobilize those youth having guns and be integrated into the community police after training. - Chiefs: the Chiefs have to be trained on how they should not instigate or support the bad behaviours of youth in the community. - Witchdoctors: These groups of people are trouble makers, especially in Nuer Community. When you hear an attack or political fights happening, the person behind it is a witchdoctor. e.g, in 1991 the fight was incited by a witchdoctor called Urnyang. And the recent one of white army was incited by a Witchdoctor called Dak Kueth. Several of them led youth to greater Pibor County some years ago. So let the government come up with some roles restricting Witchdoctors from misleading the youth on wrong doing. - Politicians: These people mess their affairs in Juba and run down to us in the villages and incite youth to fight. As a result, we have lost most of our dear young men in the meaningless tribal and clan fights. Now, imagine where do youth get this ample supply of guns? My worry is, in some communities you may get them carrying heavy weapons. Where do you think they get them from? From their politicians of course. Majok finally ended his speech by saying. The DAPs are helping his Youth develop behavioral changes in his cattle camp. Since he got the DAP in 2012, his Youth have significantly changed. He also said that more DAPs have to be supplied to Murle and Nuer youth so that they may also get acquainted with the peace programs. He again said, If Across could support the cohesion activities, he is suggesting wrestling matches between the three Counties of greater Bor and later with Mundari in Old Central Equatoria State which now Terekeka State. This could help youth develop networking among themselves. Terekeka field visit Places reached: Lokweni, Bura, Bagi, Roongi, Ujungani, Pariak, Ngamagu, Lojora and Juba Bayak cattle camps On 12 th to 13 th December 2015, Martin Kenyi, Enyaso Lokudu and James Modi mobilized beneficiaries from Lokweni, Bura, Bagi, Roongi, Ujungani, Pariak, Ngamagu, Lojora and Juba Bayak cattle camps for Across staff to gather impacts from the people about the importance of the peace and cross cutting messages from the DAPS given to the cattle camps on July 2 nd to 8 th July Activities On Mon 14 th -17 th December 2015 Isaac and helper (Martin Kenyi) went to the field. Many beneficiaries were met and each one shared about what they got from the DAPS and are applying it in their lives. Examples follow. Case 1. Chief Paulino Kijo and Margret Najuan his wife were reconciled and now have a peaceful living in their family. (pictured at right). 9

10 Case 2. Name : Peter Wani Boma chief (pictured at right with his wife) Place: Lokweni - Now I don t imitate bad acts - I learnt to treat people equally - I don t get involved in stealing - I am warned to quit evil Case 3. Mary Bidi: House wife (pictured left) Place: Lokweni - I learnt to avoid fighting - I learnt to work for myself - I learnt it is good to hear advice SUCCESSES Good cooperation with Government people in Terekeka. Safe travels in the field (Cattle camps and communities). Good support from across both financially and in advice. Some DAPS still operate. FUTURE PLAN Reach the chiefs, church leaders and other government officers with the peace and cross cutting messages in DAPS. Distribute and monitor in accordance to the work plan. We shall be flexible if there are unavoidable circumstances. A simple material about peace building of few pages will be developed, typed and printed and will be taught and given to these leaders during the distribution workshops. The government (SSRRC) department would want to have a copy of our budget and work plan for CHALLENGES: High prices in the field 10

11 Late rains made many cattle camps stay far (not in islands) hence difficult to reach. Insecurity in other areas of our operation. The new type of AudiBible is not long lasting compared to Megavoice player. LESSON LEARNT: When you supply DAPS in the cattle camps, you will find the same DAPS one day in the communities or in the residential homes or vice versa. The lesson here is that, whenever you supply DAPS in Mundari land, cattle camp people and those not in the cattle camp will listen to these messages because they are good in coordinating and sharing among themselves. GENERAL ASSESSMENT: When you read the comments from each of these beneficiaries, common words like: stay peaceful with people, avoid conflict, avoid theft - appears. This means that the more DAPS we supply, the faster the peace messages reach people and every community will stay in peace. Below are some of the pictures from the field in Terekeka when monitoring was done from /12/2015. Some of the individual pictures above are for members from these group photos. We have taken individually to put together with the words or impacts they said. 11

12 Dialogue events held in Arua and Adjumani refugee camps: During a one a full day dialogue meeting in both Arua and Adjumani, conflicting parties were taken through a participatory process of peace building and conflict resolution that involved discussions on the current political situation in South Sudan while reviewing the role of culture and social institutions in fuelling conflicts in the settlements and back home in south Sudan. The objectives of the Cohesion dialogue meeting were as follows; a) To cultivate understanding and compassion among the different cultural groups b) To build a culture of mutual respect and commitment to pluralism, creating equality c) To produce a lasting solution to peace and conflict free South Sudan with improved relationship between the different conflicting groups This peace building and conflict resolution process is an initiative of Across Sudan with support from Dan Church Aid Juba Office. Across Sudan organized Community Cohesion meetings for the Rhino Camp and Alere refugee settlements in Arua and Adjumani Districts respectively to specifically cultivate the seeds of a lasting peace that will ensure co-existence among the Dinkas, Nuer and Murle for sustainable development. The category of participants that attended and participated in these meetings included the women, men and youth. The meetings were interactive and open where participants were able to raise their concerns and dissatisfactions without any form of intimidation. The mobilization and selection of the participants was done by Across through its local structures and networks in different camps that included the camp leaders and religious leaders. These meetings were blessed by the most prominent elders and opinion leaders in the two camps. 12

13 Photos of Arua and Adjumani Social Cohesion Events in South Sudanese refugee camps in Northern Uganda Consultant William Ejoyi right, facilitating Social Cohesion peace building meeting in Arua Town for the camp leaders from Rhino Camp refugee settlement. Below inset, Ms. Patience Ayikoru who supported him during the training as a rapporteur Mr. Benjamin of DCA on extreme right The participants on the left posed for a group photo after the cohesion meeting for peace building and reconciliation between the Dinka, Nuer & Murle communities held in Arua Secondary School, Arua District on 24 th Sept Arua: Below second left, William (Consultant) guiding the participants during group discussion for Rhino Camp refugee settlement. Source: Cohesion meeting held in Arua secondary school on 24 th September 2015 Below, the participant of Alere refugee settlement for a group photo during the cohesion meeting on 26 th September 2015 in Adjumani District with the Across staff and the DAC representative 13

14 Day one attendance for Rhino Camp settlement in Arua District by Gender Male Female Total Day two attendance in Alere Adjumani District by Gender Male Female Total The participants who turned up for this cohesion meeting were from the categories as mentioned below; religious leaders, camp leaders, elders, opinion leaders, youth leaders and community members. The gender involvement in Rhino camp was poor due to mobilization challenges, however, at Alere settlement, the story was different in that the female participation was more than the male which was encouraging to the peace process building as women and children are affected more by conflicts and war. General impression of the work shop participants: The community was very much impressed with the way Across Sudan organized her Cohesion/dialogue which in their own words no organization has done in this in the Settlement areas. Most dialogues they have ever attended ended up in to verbal confrontations and disagreements. The different tribal groups were able to interact with their colleagues from other cultural groups without any sign of intimidation and stigmatization The gap that existed between the different tribal groups was bridged through the cohesion meeting or dialogue and the participants resolved to improve on their weaknesses and work together for realization of a lasting peace and development within the settlements and in south Sudan. The facilitator had a brief interaction with one participant (Opinion leader) names withheld on request; who said Peace and stability in South Sudan can only return when the two warring political leaders back home have gone to meet their creator he challenged the different tribal groups not to spend their resourceful time to be pre-occupied with politics of tribalism and nepotism but concentrate in productive activities that will bring peace in the camps and in South Sudan The success of the cohesion meeting/dialogue in the two settlements was purely linked to the good mobilization, good facilitation from Across Sudan team, Dan Church Aid and above all, the open mindedness of the people who participated in the meetings, settlement leaders, elders who provided the knowledge and wisdom to the young people on how to leave in peace and importance of co-existence in the camps. The different tribal groups did not argue for the case of been a winner and they were not defensive either. The environment was so calm and the participants were able to explore this opportunity to productively engage with their counterparts and the partners. The dialogue in the Alere settlement in my own opinion was the best as the participants all opened up very well, participated actively, the local leaders were supportive especially the elders, camp leaders and religious leaders who promised to engage their followers on the action plans. As opposed to the first meeting that was characterized by elements of intimidation and high unrealistic expectations from the participants. The participants came to the meeting with not open mind but the management of Across and the consultant were able to make the participants appreciate the The facilitator carefully and systematically guided the participants throughout the sessions with the help of the translators. Much as we expected to have a very vibrant group meeting in the two settlements, there 14

15 were cases where some few members remained reserved throughout the sessions. However, the facilitator used his interpersonal skills to engage everyone in the group with some energizers inform of stories coming in between the sessions to motivate the participants. Overall, the sessions were very participatory and productive as participants shared their views and opinions in a friendlier manner without any intimidation and threats from others. Participants ground general rules, expectations and fears Ground rules Expectations Fears o Phones on silent mode or kept off o No micro meetings during sessions o Time management by all parties. o Discovering new people o Avoid unnecessary movement o Respect for the opinions of one o Transport refund o Sitting allowance o Handouts o To gain skills and knowledge about peace building based on biblical teachings & principles o Security. o Good facilitation. o Good feeding. o Reconciliation. o T-shirts. o Certificates. o Language to be used e.g. English will be used strictly o Time may not be managed well o Fear to speak freely because of other tribes that believe they are superior o Transport might not be reimbursed o Fear of being alone from one group/tribe o Radios may not be enough for all & replacing the spoilt ones might be with a penalty (at a cost) another o Dialogues to continue in other o Harsh temperature (sun) o Talk one at a time o We agree to attack the problem but not personality o Agree not to slip back to win or lose methods settlements and back home in south Sudan o Distribution of radios o Number of people called for the meeting is reducing Responses to participants concerns by Across Sudan team and Consultant o Participants who got this opportunity must become ambassadors of peace and reconciliation in their settlements and back home in South Sudan. The one day dialogue meeting should have a multiplier effect on the wider community. The fruits of this dialogue meeting must be seen across the villages o Across will issue T-shirts to at least all the participants in the meeting with other sports equipment like football, net ball, nets among others to bring unity among the three tribes o Security provision is a mandate of government not Across but will liaise with the institutions responsible to providing security to the refugees o Certificates are not provided for meetings or trainings that take a day o Across pledged its commitment to continue with dialogues in all the camps within Adjumani and Rhino camp settlements and even extend such good practices to be shared with the people in South Sudan (IDPs) o Across may not provide sitting allowance and transport refund either but ensure provision of basic meals to keep the participants energetic and attentive o Across is always committed to providing the required skills necessary to bring transformation in communities by hiring consultants with proven experience and are result oriented. The participants were assured of the best facilitation from the consultant(facilitator) o Across respects the culture of different tribes and will always be sensitive in delivering services to 15

16 its clients. The participants were assured of good deliberations without intimidation or threats from any person. Arrangements were made through the camp leaders and the respective local government leaders of the respective districts of Arua and Adjumani. After the clarifications to the expectations and fears of participants by Across team, the facilitator took the participants through what Across does and the project that brought them together with the refugees in Rhino camp and Alere settlements. The coming together of the members of the refugee community, Across and Dan Church aid is all about peace building and reconciliation for sustainable development. The facilitator then, gave a brief background information to the conflicts in South Sudan and West Nile sub region of Uganda. The situation of conflicts was explained to the participants well before starting the discussion on the cause factors and how anticipatorily peace building can be ushered in the settlements and in South Sudan. Methodology used The approach adopted by the organization (Across) and the consultant for ensuring sustainable peace building and reconciliation in the refugee camps was the cohesion meetings where members of different interest groups (Nuer, Dinka and Murle) like youth, women, religious, elderly and opinion leaders gathered in a community in a designated place(hall and under a big tree shed). Across used open discussion and feedback sessions, key informant sessions of the camp leaders, influential members of the community and the radio programs to reach a larger population Participants from R/Camp settlement for group Discussion in Arua Sec. School A participant presenting a group work during plenary sessions in Arua Secondary School 16

17 Left are the Participants in Alere for group discussion on the causes of tribal conflicts. They mentioned cattle raiding and tribal difference. The participants appreciated Across for organizing this very important meeting where given a chance to express their opinions about the peace situation in South Sudan Youth from the three tribal groups of Dinka, Murle & Nuer sited together under the same shade in Alere, adjumani District during the cohesion meeting On the right Mr. John Garang (smiling face) translating the discussions in to the local languages to the participants for easy understanding of the proceeding in the meeting Key findings from the events a) The only way for bringing sustainable peace in the camps and South Sudan is by not allowing the communities to be manipulated by the politicians. Politics should left to the politicians and cultural values be respected. Culture should not be in conflict with the law and politics. b) Peace building and conflict resolution starts from within the family. The neighbours are now influenced by the acts of the family and community in general. 17

18 Regional context c) Peaces building in the camps have not been linked to the biblical teaching. One participant by names (Simon Peter) lamented. For peace to return, let the advocates of peace and reconciliation route their arguments to the Biblical teaching on peace d) The participants appreciated the meetings and pledged to become ambassadors of peace and reconciliation in the camps and back home in south Sudan. This meeting came timely to give light to the whole refugee community who were manipulated by the politicians and some cultural leaders. West Nile sub region is unique as it s bordered by two countries (South Sudan and Congo). This has placed the region in a position of any external influence politically, socially and economically. The region continues to host refugees from Sudan and Congo and this has for long had an implication on the service delivery access and quality. The government does not consider this influx in the planning and budgeting process in all the 8 districts of the region. The leaders continue to receive complaints from the citizens about the poor response of government in listening to and addressing citizens demands. The conflicts between the different tribal groups from South Sudan are based on disagreements in political opinions of the leaders. The tribal group conflict is the symptom of the great disagreements between the president and the former vice president. The members of the different tribal groups are victims of circumstance and are beening influenced to follow the philosophies of the warring parties to gain more support. The conflicts have also been linked to child abductions and cattle rustling among some of the tribal groups. The community cohesion meetings in the settlement areas help provide a platform for the South Sudanese citizens to share their feelings and emotions about the situation of peace building and reconciliation among the different tribal groups. The community members were consulted through the dialogue meetings and were able to share their feelings for each other in a free environment. Challenges /Factors causing tribal conflicts S/N Challenge Responsibility Rating 1 Cattle raiding Community 2 2 Tribal differences Community/government 1 3 Forced marriages Community 6 4 Natural resources (land and water) Government/community 5 5 Hunting and fishing Community 8 6 Child abduction Community 3 7 Political power struggle Government 4 8 Lack of education Government 7 The participants prioritized the problems as ranked above and this was the basis for their Action plan for the two different settlements. The problems listed above were common to all and the participants were also advised to implement their group action plans and monitor it. Across Sudan Team in Yei will provide technical support supervision for effective implementation of the action plans 18

19 Across /DCA Team, Peter, Walter & Benzamine in Alere Adjumani District making introductory remarks during the Social Cohesion meeting held on 26 th Sept The participants were asked to take the meeting seriously as it might impact in their lives and beyond. Photo by William Ejoyi Consultant Rhino camp and Adjumani Distributions Major accomplishments:- Activities in Rhino camp began by making a prior visit to the office of the Prime Minister charge of refugee affairs in Uganda and had a meeting with a settlement commandant to discuss the Across peace building intervention plan and to meet with refugee leaders and train others on the digital players' use. The meeting was successful and Across staff were permitted to enter the settlement and conduct peace building training using this new technology. in (Right) Meeting with settlement commandant-rhino camp In Ocea refugee settlement of Rhino camp centre for the training, the following activity took place; Across staff had a meeting with the refugee leaders comprising of cluster chair persons, church leaders, and youth and women representatives. Trained community leaders and youth on DAP use Listened to testimonies of DAPs listening group leaders who received DAPs in 2014 Replaced broken DAPs with new ones and gave advice on how to protect them. While in Adjumani camps the following activities also occurred. Across staff had a meeting with the refugee leaders comprising of cluster chair persons, church leaders, and youth and women representative from nine settlements. Trained community leaders and youth on DAP use and answered various questions from participants on DAPs use and operations. Listened to testimonies of DAPs group leaders who received DAPs in 2014 Replaced broken DAPs with new ones and advised them to take care while sharing with others. 19

20 Summary of DAPs distributed in both camps; Impacts stories and lessons learnt: While accomplishments are important in terms of outcomes, Across staff believed that the actual accomplishments come in the form of impact of the whole process. Following are the major impacts that can be described for the project: We realized that Across DAPs have been able to sensitize and create awareness amongst the refugee communities in northern Uganda. Refuges continued to listen to peace messages from DAPs after the last distribution training. Trainings & distribution of DAPs in both Rhino camp & Adjumani settlement camps. Arua district Refugee Settlement No. DAPs issued No. Of Listening group members Male Female Ocea RS Simbili RS Nagurua RS Katiku RS Odobu RS Agulupi RS Arua town Tika RS Siripi RS Comments Most Nuer are in this camp so bigger number of DAPs distributed in this camp There are Nuer and Dinka speaking communities in this camp This camp has mixture of tribes. Other S. Sudanese tribes still exist so need their own dialect added This will be used by youth from Nuer congregation in the town This camp has mixture of tribes. Other S. Sudanese tribes still exist in this camp Adjumani district Refugee Settlement No. DAPs issued No. Of Listeners per a group members Male Female Comments Alere RS Most of the populations in this settlement are Dinka speaking tribe. The leaders strongly recommend for more DAPs be supplied what they got is just a few as 300 compared to their number Boroli RS Boroli has mostly Murle people and the population is big Ulua RS Most of these groups are Dinka speaking community 38 1,

21 In Rhino camp and Adjumani it was discovered; All DAPs are working except two from Rhino camp and eight from Adjumani broke down and were returned to Across for replacement. The group that received DAPs this year are mostly new DAP recipients Some people lack knowledge of using the sun to power their DAPs. Instead they use fire for charging DAPs battery and this method leads to spoiling the DAPs. The population is big and the need for more DAPs is overwhelming each time our team visit the camps. Challenges registered during the visits: The hired car gave a lot of mechanical problems especially to Adjumani where it took the staff ten hours to arrive. Some settlements are distant from each other. The furthest is about fifteen kilometres from the centre hence made the training session to start a bit late as radio staff had to wait for members to gather at the training venue. At least ten DAPs were discovered not working and were collected back and replaced with new ones Some refugee spoiled their peace DAPs by trying to charge its batteries at nights using charcoal fire. Broken DAPs returned to Across DAP spoiled as listener tries to charge on fire (white area is burnt) 21

22 Some impact stories got from the refugee communities leaving in northern Uganda camps. A Nuer lady by names of Nyawar Joul, 18 years old (pictured below) received Across DAPs in 2014.She said messages she heard from the DAPs help her a lot. It helps mothers who cannot read or write. The players have good messages, songs and messages to be at peace with neighbours. I thank Across for providing these radios to us in the camp. I have learned to live in peace with my neighbours now. Rebecca Nyawera 49 years old (below left) said her radio was taken by children after she listened to the content for only a month. Children like it so much because they like listening to the national Anthem. They also listen to the programs and tell her of the good things they heard from the DAP. She said the new DAP she got would not be shared with them this time. Mary Nyalam 39 years old (below right) said she was happy to see Across giving them radios with peace messages. She first thought they would be asked to pay for them and felt happy when not asked for money. She said she was not sure of seeing Peter Bol physically. She heard the wonderful messages presented by him and Chol Bol Ajak on DAPs back home. She lost her old DAP when they fled the area due to war and today her joy is made complete by meeting with Peter. She thanked Across for the initiative of using radios for education. I heard peace messages from the radio. It also talked of sending children to school. For us as women, we would like to benefit by sending our children to school. All the teachings on the radio will help us educate our children to embrace peace and bring up children in God s fearing way. Thanks so much to Across for reaching us in the camp. 22

23 According to Rev Stephen, he was challenged by his children that DAPs are meant for children but not for him who is an adult. They said he is able to read and write so no need to listen to oral messages. They took away his DAPs and are being used from one place to another. Thanks to Across for this new technology. Stephen said the DAPs make children excited especially when they play the national Anthem. Children vividly remember south Sudan and the time they used to sing it in schools before the war started. After the war people fled the country and took refuge in camps and were so much bitter on others but thankfully DAPs educated many and they are now living peacefully together. The national anthem keeps instilling patriotism in them. While in Adjumani camps the following people gave testimonies of what they got from the players received in 2014; (Right) Sarah Yar 40 years old narrates to the staff that the DAP she received from in 2014 was stolen by an unknown person. In the few days she listened to the messages the programs were very helpful. It talked about God and how people should be in peace like children of God. We are grateful today because we were able to see Peter Bol amidst our community. He s a champion not in war but in peace making! (Left) Mary Nyadengil 50 years old Dinka lady from Alere settlement commented that she was given DAPs in 2014.She found the DAP contained very good things. It teaches her on good relationship between herself and her husband, children and parents. She thanked God that these teachings have helped them all to live happily though in exile. The DAP talked about school children. For her she can read the Bible but the message from the DAP helps her whenever she has problems so it comforts her and encourages her not to think much of situations back home. She now lives as a free woman and has something to console her when encountered by problems. She further said they live peacefully in Alere settlement and the Across DAPs messages have added more on their peaceful co-existence with the other tribes. She was grateful for the DAPs programs brought to their settlement camp. Monica Abol Urech a new DAP recipient commented Across for wisdom of using DAPs to spread peace messages to south Sudanese communities in Diaspora.She said this initiative truly comes from God for His suffering people. She said the DAPs messages were helpful to her because she can listen to church preaching but tends to forget very fast after leaving the church but DAP messages can be replayed several times at 23

24 homes and public places. So she is grateful that Across is able to follow them in camps from last year and again this year. Tell your funders to continue with such good work. God will indeed reward them! Exclaimed Monica while drawing deafening applause and ululations from participants in the Hall. Below is a group picture of DAP participants in Adjumani comprising of youth and leaders from Dinka, Murle and Nuer people. 24

25 Pictures of activities from Rhino camp and Adjumani settlements. A bill board that first catches visitor s sight to the settlement. Camp commandant stressed need to discourage rampant domestic violence with such players used by Across for peace building. Camp leaders during preparatory meeting Participants in Ocea after DAP training event 25

26 Terekeka distribution July 2015 Training in Bura, Bagi, etc- Terekeka Training in Ngamangu-Terekeka (below right) Training in Lokweni-Terekeka On 2/7/2015, our staff travelled to Terekeka for distributions, replacement and monitoring of former DAPS. New distributions: 5 new cattle camps were supplied new DAPS Namely: 1. Lokweni cattle camp 3 DAPS 2. Bura cattle camp 1 DAP 3. Bagi cattle camp 1 DAP 4. Roongi cattle camp 1 DAP 5. Pariak cattle camp 2 DAPS Replacement Replacement was done to some cattle camps which were beneficiaries two years ago. Name of camps: 1. Ngamangu cattle camp 4 DAPS 2. Lojara cattle camp 2 DAPS 3. Juba Bayak cattle camp 2 DAPS 4. Ujungai cattle camp 3 DAPS Monitoring (Impact) Mr. Kenyi Lukenyi (in the yellow vest at right) is the leader of Ngamangu cattle camp in Terekeka. When asked regarding the help his camp received from the DAPS, he said that they decided as members of his camp not to go together with the other cattle camps to 26

27 the far places where there will be a lot of conflicts. They were having this thought in the beginning, so the DAPS supplied in 2012 reinforced it. This camp does not move to far places because they don t want to be in problems with people. They now stay near Terekeka Town and in places where there is no cultivation so as to be peaceful with people. They have also decided to respond in a good manner when their cattle happen to destroy people s crops accidentally and will pay back if the owner needs money or a cow and thus respond to similar issues peacefully to avoid conflicts. It is the DAP messages thus influencing their attitudes. This camp is showing a very good example which others need to emulate. They were given 3 DAPs in 2012; in 2015 July we gave them four new DAPS to replace the former ones which got destroyed by rain. Report from our field helper- Terekeka Our field helper and his coordinator in the Government reported that Across DAPS had a very good impact in the lives of many members in many of the cattle camps. You could see that some youths were changed because of the messages. Their behaviour and lives are changed. Should this program continue for long time, he commented, "Many of our youths will be totally changed to good citizens." The coordinator reported that in the whole of May 2015, there were conflicts which led to killing of some people in several communities or villages in Terekeka County. Lives were lost, houses burnt crops and animals destroyed. These conflicts were happening in the villages where DAPS were not supplied because the DCA funded DAPS were supplied primarily to the cattle camps and not the towns. So the coordinator is strongly urging across to deliver more DAPS with the peace messages to communities and villages were these DAPS were not supplied since the target group were cattle camps. This time let the target group be the people in their homes who are not staying in the cattle camps, because they are ones nowadays have frequent conflicts regarding land, borders etc. These officers are determined and are ready to help Across as much as possible as long as we keep coming to serve their people. Training and distribution of peace DAPs in Juba PoC in July 2015 Monitoring and evaluation of previous DAPS supplied last year

28 Impacts from Juba POC resulting from 2014 distribution. Jacob Tut Jacob Tut (pictured at left) who is 45 years old, received a DAP last year for his group. During this visit, he spoke about the importance of peace building messages in the DAP saying, "Before the distribution of DAPs last year 2014, we had been conflicting among ourselves in the POCs, but when these DAPs were brought, we listened to the messages especially on trauma and healing. It helped us a lot to change and to begin to living peacefully with one another. I had gone through a lot of stress and worries in my mind, but the message on trauma worked in my life and mind, now I am feeling fine Sarah Mytap This woman is 44 years old. She received DAP in 2014, after listening for a short period of time, it got stolen because the messages in it are very important and helpful to people. However before it was taken, she got a message in it which helped her a lot. She use to segregate her children for example she has been sending her girls to school and neglecting her boys, but the message on girl child education, enlightened her and now she has decided to send all her children to school regardless of sex. Elizabeth Nyamai A 67 year old blind lady is 67 years old(in picture left) who had taken refuge in the camp was deeply stressed and could not talk with people. After listening to the messages on the DAPs distributed last year, she got her healing and started to build back her relationship with people. The DAP messages are like a medicine. Secondly she said that since she is blind and cannot read, the DAP became her solution. She gave special appreciation to Across and their Donor DCA. She requested more DAPs to be supplied to people because many could not get these messages 28

29 Benson Bol Benson is 42 years old. He was happy and appreciative to God, Across and the Donors. When they saw the DAPS last year, he thought it was a bomb, but after explanation and listening to it, their eyes were opened and, "Now we are able to take care and protect our children." He said that the most important messages he got is that of treating everyone equally. In their culture of Nuer, women are not valued very much, but now the messages in the DAPS have already opened their eyes to treat their women and wives as important as anybody. He said that nowadays he has learnt to share his plans with his wife and even share ideas and receive ideas from his wife. Picture of POC in Bor where Across peace DAPs were distributed. (At right) Peter Bol entering the POC in Bor and being welcomed by a pastor (Rev. William) 29

30 DAP training in Bor POC Impacts from Bor POC: Mary Nyayul (right) is 29 years old and is in Bor POC. She received a DAP last year This lady was married but the war separated them. She felt like going to get another husband but there was a message in the DAP saying be patient. When she listened to this message, she decided to wait for her husband. Her DAP was carried away by water and it made her unhappy and worried whether she will get such a machine to help her with such nice and helpful messages. But when the new DAPS arrived, she was blessed more so when Bol replaced her lost DAP. You can see her in this picture practicing how to use a DAP. Peter Rial This picture on the right is of Mr. Peter Rial. He is one of the residences in Bor POC. He use to have a bad attitude towards education, but when he listened to the messages about the value of education in the DAPS, he changed and joined school. He'd heard the national anthem in the school but did not know its meaning. When he listened to the DAP he especially 30

31 attended to the lessons on the three stanzas of national anthem where everything was explained e.g. meaning of the colours, coat of arms etc. He now understands the national anthem. He appreciated the people who introduced the DAPS and more so the people who prepared these messages. General challenges and future plans Challenges: (Uganda, Bor and Juba trip) There was a disappointment on the way. Five times vehicle break downs made things very difficult. The solution to this is discouraging use of public transport but use organization transport if DCA provides a vehicle. Insecurity in the Country (South Sudan) is a threat to us as we move into some areas of field work. This can affect reports because of such delays that staff would meet in the field High prices: due to the inflation in the Country, prices of things went high and this makes it difficult in some places. This is a problem because a staff will budget himself in the office, but reaching the field everything changes, so this calls for good planning for the staff and the immediate supervisor. There was a woman who rejected to take the supplied DAP after appointed to be a leader of a group. She said that her life has already been spoiled by the war, why should she take this DAP about peace? Though she refused to take the DAP, Bol called her husband and explained to him the importance of this DAP. Her husband took it and we hope that he will be the best person to convince her. This rejection means that much work needs to be done in the camps Terekeka challenges and future plans It was very difficult to access most of the cattle camps. We had to go through village chiefs so that they will be the ones to deliver these DAPS to their youths in the camps. The insecurity of the Country has affected every part of the Republic, and it makes movement risky, but with the help of the government, we accessed our areas of operation. For example just the day before travelling on the Yei-Juba road to return to Yei, 6 people were killed on that road by bandits. Due to the fuel shortages, prices of things went very high in the field. This calls for early and adequate preparation for field works. Future plans for Terekeka work: Many DAPS need to be supplied to the villages and few only to the cattle camps. Isaac Gaga's plan as the one in charge of Terekeka work, would want to do his distribution next year in a different way. E.g. I will bring the village groups and some of the cattle camp leaders to talk to them about peace for hours and then train them in the use of the DAPS and then distribute. In the talk about peaceful living, we shall have a question and answer session plus discussions about how to bring peace in our communities and country etc. In August and September, monitoring need to be done in a few cattle camps that we can access which were given DAPS in July In November 2015, if funds allow, more monitoring will be done in a good number of camps that received new DAPS and those that got replacements. Last comment noted: There is a very great need in the refugee camps and POCs and Cattle camps. This means that more DAPS with new and old content be supplied to these places. 31

32

33 Appendix 1. Details of DCA funded Audibible DAPs distribution in Cattle camps, Refugee camps and IDP camps during A. 60 DAPs for IDP camps and South Sudanese in Uganda Refugee camps. 50 DAPs were loaded with Nuer content for Nuer groups (replacing the 40 DAPs planned in Uror) 10 DAPs were Murle (supplementing the 80 planned and supplied in Pibor). Statistic for DAP recipients: State County Payam Name of Refugee camp GPS Coordinates No. of DAPs Distributed Population No. of listening groups Male Female CES Uganda Rhino Camp Ocea Rhino Camp Simbili Rhino Camp Nagurua Rhino Camp Katiku Rhino Camp Odobu Rhino Camp Agulupi Arua town Arua town Rhino Camp Tika Rhino Camp Siripi Adjumani Alere Camp Adjumani Borali Camp Adjumani Ulua C amp Grand Total 1. Bor and Juba POC distributions 82 DAPs distributed in South Sudan IDP Camps. 33

34 Distribution of the 42 DAPS in Bor POC. (Estimated usage 12 people per listening group hence 480 direct beneficiaries plus many children indirect. Total Camp population of all ages =7,700) S/No. Name Sex Address Tel. cont No. of DAPS Males adult Females adult Male children Female children 1 William Tut Diet M POC Bor Replaced Matay Babuoth Bid M POC Bor New Peter Puot Ruai M POC Bor New Puot Panyuan Tuor M POC Bor Replaced John Ding Rim M POC Bor New Andrew Yien Tut M POC Bor New William Deng Wang M POC Bor New Stephen Tur Gai M POC Bor New Elizabeth Nyakong F POC Bor New Nyabany Luok Muot F POC Bor N/A 1 New Nyaluak Ruot Thijok F POC Bor New James Gatluak Nguet M POC Bor New Duol Puot Kuan M POC Bor New Simon Tut Jok M POC Bor N/A 1 New Nyaluak Bal Nyuat F POC Bor New James Gatkuoth Deng M POC Bor New Peter Lam Mar M POC Bor N/A 1 New Nuer Nyang Theny M POC Bor New Mam Chap Manyuur M POC Bor N/A 1 New Nyayal Ruic Riek F POC Bor N/A 1 New Nyatany Jok Duol F POC Bor N/A 1New Gabriel Gagau Chol M POC Bor New Nyatuok Luat Lual F POC Bor N/A 1 New John Kong Nyuon M POC Bor N/A 1 New Mabor Bol M POC Bor N/A 1 New Chuol Dieu Teny M POC Bor N/A 1 New Nyatuang Thau Raie F POC Bor N/A 1 New Rebecca Ajak Majok F POC Bor N/A 1 New Nyajok Dak Nuer F POC Bor N/A 1 New Nyakia Lang Lam F POC Bor New Peter Lam Muon M POC Bor New

35 32 Elizabeth Nyathuath F POC Bor New Nyahak Biel Thak F POC Bor N/A 1 New Nyabel Tut Puok F POC Bor New Peter Ruot Chan M POC Bor New James Duop Gadin M POC Bor New Michael Nhial Juk M POC Bor New Stephen Bang Nyuon M POC Bor N/A Replaced Abraham Kot Dieu POC Bor N/A 1 New John Jor Riek M POC Bor N/A 1 New Tabitha Nyapan M POC Bor N/A 1 New Nyatany Jok Duol F POC Bor N/A 1 NewS DAPS distributed to IDPS in Juba (Estimated listeners per group are 12 - hence 480 direct beneficiaries plus many others, especially children, indirect beneficiaries. Total number of all in the 3 camps in POC1 =14,088 POC2= 2,000 POC3=35,000 Total IDPs = 51,088) S/No. Name Sex Address Tel. cont. No. of DAPS Males adult Females adult Male children Female children 1 James Tut Pachai M POC New Rev.George Jock M POC New Luke Maluk Wal M POC Replaced Jacob Kunyuat M POC Replaced Gattung Diang Bapal M POC New David Duol Yual M POC New James Makuei Chamca M POC New Jany Jok Them M POC New Bildor Gatluak M POC New Benson Bol Manyiel M POC New Sara Manytap Mun F POC Replaced Mary Nyayul Long F POC N/A 1 New Martha Nyaluak Koang F POC New Changruath Char M POC N/A 1 New Mary Nyakuoth Nhial F POC N/A 1 New P.T David Chuol M POC New Samuel Senlica M POC New

36 18 Maluth Julo M POC Replaced Wiyual Waipiny M POC New Deborah Nyantiet F POC Replaced Elizabeth Nyawal F POC N/A 1 New Elizabeth Nyamai F POC o 1 Replaced John Both Par M POC New Peter Dak Dhioy M POC New Chotbiel Joseph M POC New Buom David Dak M POC New Peter Rialnyang M POC New Simon That Jock M POC New Peter Khor Gatnor M POC New Nyang Chan Wang M POC New Gabriel Thaalgen M POC New James Tut Chuol M POC New Deng Khor M POC New Gordon Koang Gat M POC New Jacob Tut Malou M POC Replaced Rejina Beyang Nay F POC New Nyaga Manyuon F POC N/A 1 New Neatha Nyayong F POC N/A 1 New Elizabeth Nyalada F POC N/A 1 New Simon Puok Buoth M POC New DAP training and distribution for refugees in Uganda refugee camps (Rhino and Adjumani camps) S/No. Name Sex Address Tel. cont. No. of DAPS 1 William Kelual Manyang M Rhino Juang Baranaba Hon M Ocea Tot Nhial Kual M Ocea James Gony Mun M Ocea Paulino Chuol M Ocea Gatluauk Ganyany M Ocea Moses Gatkek Thep M Ocea Kuoth Tutbukjiok M Ocea

37 9 Stephen Buay Dowwe M Ocea Joseph Garricho M Ocea John Dang Chuol M Ocea Simon Gatwech Ker M Ocea Rebecca Nyadak Tut F Ocea N/A 1 14 Maanyjun THian Bol F Ocea Tap Gai Dhol M Ocea Marko Philip M Ocea John Riu M Ocea N/A 1 18 James Doreth M Simbili Sebit Auun M Simbili Simon Peter M Simbili Makauch Dovha M Simbili Kun Tut Hoth M Nagurua Stephen Gatluak Dak M Katiku Phar Nhial Dobout M Katiku Wani Chuol Bul M Katiku Gabriel Ruot Tot M Katiku Tito Gattuot Nyak M Katiku Lojok Hoth Jeng M Odobu Martha Nyayien F Agulupi N/A 1 30 Hillary Willson Gatdu M Agulipi Akech Jacob Dut M Arua town Regina Nyabong Nyang F Tika N/A 1 33 Rebecca Nyantuut F Tika N/A 1 34 Elizabeth Nyanyak F Siripi N/A 1 Adjumani 1 Peter Mamer Ayom M Alere Rebecca Akuol F Alere N/A 1 3 Batrus Ngor Biliu M Alere Isaac Makuol Riak M Alere Makuach Bere M Alere N/A 1 6 Elizabeth Alek Abiel F Alere N/A 1 7 Mary Nyanet F Alere N/A 1 8 Monica Bol F Alere N/A 1 37

38 9 Ammonia William F Alere N/A 1 10 Nyakuan Pal F Alere Peter Duop M Alere N/A 1 12 Dak Jeremiah M Alere Gatrew Moses Phar M Alere Doborah Awel Chuol F Alere N/A 1 15 John Mayen Kuir M Alere John Aguto Buol M Alere Nyadak Puol F Alere N/A 1 18 Nyaluak Panom F Alere Martha Nyadeel F Alere Nyayier Puok Riek F Alere N/A 1 21 Doborah Awal Puot F Alere John Garang Deng M Alere Martha Nyajang Thon F Alere N/A 1 24 Sarah Achok Akech F Alere N/A 1 25 Rebecca Atong Majok F Alere N/A 1 26 Rebecca Amer Malual F Alere N/A 1 27 Paak Peter Ngor M Alere Peter Maiwut M Alere N/A 1 29 Solomon Wieh Gai M Alere James Maa Lilcho M Borali John Liiwo Allan M Borali John Boyoi Gogol M Borali John Amorthup M Borali Simon Garang Mark M Olua Deborah Nyandeeng F Olua Mary Nyanwut F Olua N/A 1 37 Jacob Biar Gai M Olua Mary Kuei Philip F Olua Mary Chaar Alier F Olua N/A 1 40 Paul Kuol M Olua N/A 1 41 Mary Achol Deng F Olua N/A 1 38

39 Annex 2:DAP distribution in Terekeka from 2-8/7/2015 State County Payam Name of cattle camp GPS Coordin ate No. of DAPs Distributed Population No. of listening groups Total number of listeners (Disaggregated) Male Female Male Females CES Terekeka Payam Terekeka Lokweni cattle camp Terekeka Lokweni cattle camp Terekeka Lokweni cattle camp Terekeka Bura CC Terekeka Bagi CC Terekeka Roongi CC Terekeka Pariak CC Terekeka Pariak CC Terekeka Ujungani CC Terekeka Ujungani CC Terekeka Ujungani CC Terekeka Ngamangu CC Terekeka Ngamangu CC Terekeka Ngamangu CC Terekeka Ngamangu CC Rego Lojora CC Rego Lojora CC Nyori Juba Bayak CC Nyori Juba Bayak CC TOTALS 19 DAPS Appendix 3. DAPs training and distribution in August 2015 in (Bor, Twic East and Duk Counties of Jonglei State) Detailed metric table S/No. Name Title County Payam Cattle camp No. of DAPS Date M F % of Youth Total 1. Nhial Pandak Malet Chief Bor Baidid Panmaketh /8/

40 2. Makuei Deng Malith Youth Bor Baidid Panmaketh /8/ Yom Nhial Ayor Women Bor Baidid Panmaketh /8/ Akuei Kelei Makol Youth Bor Baidid Panmaketh /8/ Group leaders DAPs One day Gum Malet Thiong Chief Bor Jale Apetpiny /8/ Panchol Akuei Jok Youth Bor Jale Apetpiny /8/ John Panreng Mabil Elder Bor Jale Apetpiny /8/ Group leaders DAPs One day Maper Lual Nhial Chief Bor Chueikeer Mabior-biol /8/ Sarah Yom Maluk Women Bor Chueikeer Mabior-biol /8/ Garang Mabil Nhial Youth Bor Chueikeer Mabior-biol /8/ Group leaders DAPs One day Agot Majak Chief Twic east Paliau Adubaar /8/ Majak Deng Elder Twic east Paliau Adubaar /8/ Panchol Kuareng Youth Twic east Paliau Adubaar /8/ Milth Gaar Jok Youth Twic east Paliau Adubaar /8/ Group leaders 1 1 Payam 1 4 DAPs One day Deng Mach Alaak Chief Twic east Paliau Alelei /8/ Mathiang Malual Youth Twic east Paliau Alelei /8/ William Thuch Agoth Youth Twic east Paliau Alelei /8/ Group Leaders 1 1 Payam 1 3 DAPs One day Warebek Geu Chief Twic east Paliau Makir /8/ Ayuel Ayii Mading Elder Twic east Paliau Makir /8/ Agok Mading Youth Twic east Paliau Makir /8/ Group leaders 1 1 Payam 1 3 DAPs One day Jacob Aruai Majok Chief Duk Donchak /12/ Lual Tiop Chachoch Chief Duk Dongchak /12/ Madhier Luk Yai Youth Duk Dongchak /12/ Athor Machot Deng Women Duk Dongchak /12/ Manyok Deng Ater Chief Duk Dongchak /12/

41 S/No. Name Title County Payam Cattle camp No. of DAPS Date M F % of Youth Total 6. Makuei Mabany Deng Chief Duk Pagaak /12/ Makeer Aguek Dak Chief Duk Pagaak /12/ Mawut Dau Mabany youth Duk Pagaak /12/ Wuor Lam Dak Youth Duk Pagaak /12/ Deng Dau Kuany Chief Duk Padiet /12/ Group leaders 1 County 3 Payams - 10 DAPS One Days Second DAPs distribution list in December 2015, combined with M & E in (Bor, Twic East and Duk Counties of Jonglei State) Detail metric table S/No. Name Title County Payam Cattle camp No. of DAPS Date M F % of Youth Total 1. Deng Reth Bol Chief Duk County Padiet Pator-Ayual /12/ Mwut Pech Aleer Youth Duk County Ageer Pator-Ayual /12/ Mawut Riak Chin Chief Duk County Dongchak Pator-Ayual /12/ Malual Akech Nhier Chief Duk County Ageer Pator-Ayual /12/ Mawut Chatim Deng Chief Duk County Padiet Pator-Ayual /12/ Group leaders 1 County 3 Payams 1 Cattle camp 5 DAPs One day Panchol Kuereng Gak Chief Twic East Paliau Pariei /12/ Agok Makuol Agok Chief Twic East Paliau Pariei /12/ Mading Panyang Ngang Youth Twic East Paliau Pariei /12/ Bol Ayuel Atem Youth Twic East Paliau Pariei /12/ Thuch Kuer Thuch Youth Twic East Paliau Pariei /12/ Ayuel Warabek Ayuel Youth Twic East Paliau Pariei /12/ Yol Chath Dut Youth Twic East Paliau Pariei /12/ Akech Mayom Youth Twic East Paliau Pariei /12/ Deng kuol Ajak Youth Twic East Paliau Pariei /12/ Aleer Achuoth Chol Youth Twic East Paliau Pariei /12/ Group Leaders 1 County 1 Payam 1 cattle camp 10 DAPs 1 Day Bul Deng Mayen Youth Twic East Nyuak Pakou-Ayuaal /12/ Atem Patiou Ajak Youth Twic East Nyuak Pakou-Ayuaal /12/

42 3. Jurkuch Dau Youth Twic East Nyuak Pakou-Ayuaal /12/ Makuch Dau Deng Chief Twic East Nyuak Pakou-Ayuaal /12/ Akoi Deng Akoi Youth Twic East Nyuak Pakou-Ayuaal /12/ Mach Dau Deng Youth Twic East Nyuak Pakou-Ayuaal /12/ Deng Wieu Rech Elder Twic East Nyuak Pakou-Ayuaal /12/ Dabek Dau Bul Elder Twic East Nyuak Pakou-Ayuaal /12/ Akuang Garang Atem Women R. Twic East Nyuak Pakou-Ayuaal /12/ Achut Juarwel Women R. Twic East Nyuak Pakou-Ayuaal /12/ Group leaders 1 County 1 Payam 10 DAPS One Days Mayen Deng Mayen Chief Twic East Nyuak Penychuer /12/ Ajak Dut kuur Youth Twic East Nyuak Penychuer /12/ Nuun Deng Lual Youth Twic East Nyuak Penychuer /12/ Aguil Deng Bol Women R. Twic East Nyuak Penychuer /12/ Deng Garang Deng Elder Twic East Nyuak Penychuer /12/ Deng Mabior Deng Youth Twic East Nyuak Penychuer /12/ Group leaders 1 County 1 Payam 1 Cattle camp 6 DAPS One Days Summary of DAP distribution with peace and general messages 339 DAPs loaded with peace building messages in the four languages of Nuer, Murle, Bari and Dinka were supplied to 104 camps (92 cattle camps & 12 refugee / IDP camps) and two Paramount chiefs. 331 Listening groups were started and an estimated 36,194 people benefited though this number is only an estimate based on predictions by group leaders. About 48% of the listeners are men and about 52% women. Language on DAP County Cattle camps or refugee settle-ments or IDP town camps supplied (new camps) No. DAPs supplied No. listening groups 60 Nuer 10 Murle No. listeners Nuer & Murle IDPs in Juba CES & Bor & Refugees in Uganda 34 Rhino camp an 41 Adjumani (all new) 50 Nuer 10 Murle 2,600 Murle DAPs prepared for greater Pibor 60 all new 60 1,833 Admin Area but not supplied Bari Terekeka, CES 19 all new 2 replacements Dinka Bor, Twic E, Duk 80 all new 80 & 4 replacements 80 10,950 Jonglei State 4 5 in Sth Sudan & 104 camps (80 new) replaced Uganda + 2 chiefs 42

43 Appendix 4. PARTICIPANTS LISTS for IDP and Refugee Settlement Evaluation meetings conducted Late December 2015 A. 30 Bor POC / IDP Participants at an M&E event, 23rd Dec 2015 S/N Name Sex Address Tel. Contact 1 Puot Panyuan M POC Bor Joseph NhialKoat M POC Bor Johnson Khan Machak M POC Bor Nyajuok Reath Badeng F POC Bor Nyuon Chabijak Gai F POC Bor John Lual Kuajien M POC Bor Tut Chuol Roak M POC Bor Mary Nyajuani Bikan F POC Bor David Diu Padiet M POC Bor Nyahok Deng Chany F POC Bor Diu Bilu Majok M POC Bor Tabitha Nyawargag Puoch F POC Bor Elizabeth Nyatuak Kuol F POC Bor - 14 Rebecca Nyakhan Gaijang F POC Bor Martha Nyakier Tap F POC Bor Tut Jiek Chuol M POC Bor Teresa Nyasunday Gatkuoth F POC Bor Nyaphan Giel Luak F POC Bor Nyadut Pur Kuahng F POC Bor - 20 Rebecaa Nyaduoth Gatwech F POC Bor Nyanhiial John Mayen F POC Bor John Jock Tut M POC Bor Wany Thor Riek M POC Bor Mary Nyayiena Deng F POC Bor - 25 Nyapieth Khai Majok F POC Bor THow Padiet Tut M POC Bor Matien Biliu M POC Bor John Juor Riek M POC Bor Mary Nyaloth Koang F POC Bor Joshua Lony Gatoet M POC Bor B. 43 Juba POC / IDP Participants at M&E event on Xmas Day, 25/12/15 S/N Name Sex Address Tel. Contact 1 Stephen Puok Reat M POC Juba - 2 Peter Ruach Bol M POC Juba - 3 Martha Nyakuol Dea F POC Juba - 4 Rhoda Nyayual Deng F POC Juba - 5 Simon Koat Kier M POC Juba - 6 David Bol Dak M POC Juba - 7 James Chuol Bol M POC Juba - 8 James Kuid Phar M POC Juba - 9 Andrew Nhial Bol M POC Juba - 10 Mary NyathorDiew F POC Juba - 11 Anna Bijien Gating M POC Juba - 12 Rhoda Nyakuoth Mut F POC Juba - 13 Ruth Nyakhor Kuol F POC Juba - 14 Charles Bol Guet M POC Juba - 15 John Tot Khai M POC Juba - 16 David Wal Puot M POC Juba - 17 David Maliet Peter M POC Juba - 18 Simon Ruot Chuol M POC Juba - 19 Nyadiew RuotPuot F POC Juba - 20 Martha Jany Mut F POC Juba - 21 Rev. James Kua M POC Juba Elizabeth Nyakuoth F POC Juba Teresa Nytik Top F POC Juba - 24 Angelina NyanyaTherg F POC Juba - 25 David Kun Muonyjang M POC Juba Elizabeth Nychot Bar F POC Juba Gatkuoth Panyuan M POC Juba Michael Madhal Bol M POC Juba Sarah Nyatet Gai F POC Juba Samuel Bentiu M POC Juba Susan Nyanuer F POC Juba - 32 Nyawar Bab POC Juba Daniel Deng M POC Juba Gatwech Reech M POC Juba Nyachuay Tathek POC Juba Nyakume Mathiang F POC Juba

44 37 Nyajima Yien Pal F POC Juba - 38 Nyaboth Reet Gut F POC Juba - 39 David Matai Tut M POC Juba Jacob Kunyuat Jany M POC Juba Michael William Khah M POC Juba Gatpieny Tap M POC Juba Garchaa M POC Juba - C. 43 Adjumani Refugee Camp Participants atan M&E event, 28/12/2015 S/No NAME SEX ADDRESS Tel. Contact 1 John Bior Duot M Alere - 2 John MachiechAgot M Alere Tabitha Apat Deng F Alere Sarah Achok Akech F Alere William Anyieth Arajo M Alere Achieng Garang Mayen F Alere Johnng Garang Deng M Alere Alek Abiel Awuol F Alere Rebecca Nyanwuor Abiel F Alere Deng John Garang M Alere - 11 Rebecca Kuang Man F Alere - 12 ManyangMaluk M Alere - 13 Adhieu Deng F Alere - 14 Chol Garang M Alere - 15 BulJuach M Alere - 16 Mabior Garang M Alere - 17 AcholDau F Alere - 18 Aduk Kuir F Alere - 19 Deng Aleer M Alere - 20 Mabior Kuir M Alere - 21 Jacob Dut Akech M Olua - 22 Rebecca Nyantet F Qlua - 23 Lang Simon M Borile - 24 William Kony M Borile - 25 Sarah Yaar F Olua - 26 Elizabeth Kengueur F Olua - 27 Doborah Nyantweny F Ayoli - 28 Joseph Gama M Ayoli Gatkuoth Peter M Alere Nyanruon Chol F Borile - 31 James Phar M Nyamazi - 32 Pricilla Nyawech F Nyamazi - 33 Mary Nyadeel F Alere - 34 Simon Mayika M Olua - 35 Rhoda Achiek F Ayoli - 36 Rebecca Adhieu F Nyamazi - 37 Paul Chuol M olua - 38 Peter Dak M Borile - 39 Moses Gatluak M Ayoli - 40 Andrew Aleer M Ayoli - 41 Mary Nyamuon F Miyiey - 42 John Kuol M Ayoli - 43 Rebecca Nyanawuor F Alere - 44

45 Appendix 5 72 Peace and social development messages developed for DCA funded DAPs and distributed during 2015 Samples of the messages below were cut on CDs and sent to Charles Ramadan of Across to supply to DCA. (Please advise if they have not reached the DCA office.) Bari (5) T Bari-Good conduct amidst people (John Gwodi) T Bari-Positive behaviour (John Gwodi) T Bari-Good ways of problem solving(john Gwodi) T Bari-Self Control (John Gwodi) T Bari-Decision Making (JohnGwodi) Murle (17) 002-Child Rights-Gabriel 002-Community should support education 004-Domestic violence (husband and wives) 004-life skills list your stages #3 006-Forgiveness -Gabriel 006-Take your daughter to school 008-Gentleness is element of peace 010-Good neighbour-gabriel 012-gossip of can cause bad relations-gabriel Thangko 014-Identifying family relations problems 016-Importance of good communication 018-Jealousy is a means of hatred 020-Lies is a source of conflict 022-Reconciliation -Gab 024-Respent to human life 026-Some steps for managing conflict 028-understanding helps us to achieve peace -Gabriel A. Nuer (8 cross cutting, 16 peace building) 01 - Advantages of Unity 02 - Child rights 03 - Peace between two neighbours 04 - Sanitation is very good 05 - The advantage of monogamy 06 - Badness of gossip 07 - Child care 08 - Dangers of raping 09 - Domestic violence in the community 10 - Forgiveness in the society 11 - Jealousy is not good 12 - Goodness of reconciliation 13 - Problem solving 14 - Approach to community development - Gender perspective 15 - Disadvantages of marriage to more than one wife 16 - Education of girls 17 - Gentleness brings peace 18 - Good counselling 19 - Importance of sport 20 - Intermarriage brings unity 21 - Peace begins with yourself 22 - Peace can only be achieved by understanding 23 - Problem between the children and their parents 24 - Good communication brings peace Dinka (26) 001T-DinkaR Four Factors considered before starting a business (Anei Deng Anei) 002T-DinkaR Strategies of wounded healers (Anei Deng Anei) 003T-DinkaR Qualities of good leadership (Anai Deng Anai) 004T-DinkaR Managing relationship (Marko & Angelo Aguer) 005T-DinkaR Problem solving (Rebecca Long Tat) 006T-DinkaR Non violence (Angelo Aguer Manyiel) 007T-DinkaR How to become succesful (Anei Deng Anei) 008T-DinkaR Trauma healing (Ayok Akech Amet) 009T-DinkaR Concept of life skill (Ayok Akech Amet) 010T-DinkaR Conflict Resolution (Ayok Akech Amet) 011E-DinkaR Why we should support Girl's education (Anei Deng Anei) 012E-DinkaR Identifying traumatised child in society (Ayok Akech Amet) 013E-DinkaR-Importance of Agriculture (Akol Ayok Madut) 014T-DinkaR Decision making (Anei Deng Anei) 015T-DinkaR Relating to others (Anei Deng Anei) 016T-DinakR Self esteem (Ayok Akech Amet) 017T-DinkaR Empathy (Angelo Aguer Manyiel) 018T-DinkaR How to support children with disabilities (Anei Deng Anei) 019T-DinkaR Technique of counselling (Ayok Akech Amet) 020T-DinkaR What causes misbehaver (Anei Deng Anei) 021T-DinkaR Child's right (Anei Deng Anei) 022T-DinkaR Citizenship (Ayok Akech Amet) 023E-DinkaR Improving learning through mother tongue (Anei Deng Anei) 024T-DinkaR Decision making (Anai Deng Anai) 025E-DinkaR School dropout (Ayok Akech Amet) 026T-DinkaR Wounded healers (Anei Deng Anei) 45

46 Appendix 6. Additional testimonies of the impact of the DAPs on Nuer People gathered during M& E of IDPs in Juba POC on 26th Dec Sarah Manytap Muon (Juba IDP) shared here experiences: 1. "I used to disrespect my husband, but I was enlightened by the DAP messages so now I respect my husband." 2. There was a lady in Sarah s group, who was traumatised because she had no news of her husband since the war broke out in For a long time she had been unable to talk to people. But when she listened to the peace and trauma messages in the DAP, she got an answer to this trauma. Now she can mix with people freely and is happy. 3. Sarah is now a peace maker. Wherever she goes, the DAP goes with her and she uses it to solve people s problems 2. Gatpieny Tap had a conflict with a friend, so the friend hit him on the face with a stick. He then began planning revenge, but one day he heard a forgiveness message from the DAP. so he decided to forgive this man in his heart and dropped the idea of revenge. He used to value his mobile more, but now he values the DAP more than his telephone because of the powerful messages in it. 3. Martha Mer Jany: 1. "There is a message which I learnt which gives advice to live a good life with people. I used to quarrel at the bore hole, but I changed that habit because of this message." 2. "I used to depend on my husband, yet we can all do something in the family. So the DAP taught me about this. These days I help my husband and do what I can. I do support the family from the little I get." 4. Gatwech Reech: The brother of this man impregnated some one s daughter, so the relatives of this girl came to fight the family of Gatweech. As they approach his family, a neighbour who is blind came nearby and lifted a DAP up and said, "You people, the solution to this problem is in this DAP." So the people listened and did not continue to fight. Gatweech was then given time to go and negotiate with these people, so they solved the problem. The approach used by the blind man inspired Gatweech, so one day he went to a certain place and he found some youths who wanted to fight in a drinking place. Then he also used the DAP and brought peace between these youths. Gatweech nowadays values this DAP so much. 46

47 5. Samuel Bentiu: This man is blind but he knows how to operate the DAP and even he said, "I am number one in operating the DAP more than those who have eyes." He knows how to keep the DAP. One day there were some co-wives who were fighting over sharing their husband. So Samuel went with his DAP and opened it to them. The women got interested with the message, and asked Samuel, "What do we do to share our husband peacefully." Samuel suggested they share their days, one week for one woman, then the next for the other. This solution helped these wives, and now they are living peacefully. Samuel also helped some youths who had wanted to fight in the community. He advised them using the DAP messages. Eventually, these youths left their conflict. 6. Tut Biel: He reported they used to hear the national Anthem in English and could not understand what it says. But in the DAP the national Anthem words were translated into his own language and this helped him understand it was educating us about how big our nation is, the neighboring Countries, etc. Secondly he said that DAP is more economical than a Phone, because charging of phones, and airtime costs, and sometime you spend and benefit nothing, but DAP is solar powered, does not cost us, but it gives us life messages. Tut had a request to Across if possible more DAPS be supplied to the people because the content is life changing. 7. Daniel Deng: The DAP is simple and easy to use; it does not need you to go to school, so he values it very much. Secondly, there was a family problem it helped with. In Nuer culture, if a women prepares food and keeps it for her husband when he is not there, it is an offence for the husband to get that food and eat it in her absence. But one day he broke the rule. It grieved the wife and she made the whole thing go to court. However the husband said, "Let us solve this problem using the DAP messages." The wife agreed and they resolved their differences. 47