"INTEGRATION AND SUSTAINABLE RURAL COMMUNITIES: A FRAMEWORK FOR LINKING LONG-TIME RESIDENTS AND LATINO NEWCOMERS A PANEL

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1 "INTEGRATION AND SUSTAINABLE RURAL COMMUNITIES: A FRAMEWORK FOR LINKING LONG-TIME RESIDENTS AND LATINO NEWCOMERS A PANEL Cambio de Colores 2011 Corinne Valdivia, Lisa Y. Flores, Steve Jeanetta, Alex Morales, Domingo Martínez

2 This project was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Grant #

3 Introductions Community Stakeholders Elvera Satterwhite, Amigos de Cristo, Sedalia Wilson Majee, University of Missouri Extension Panelists Miguel Carranza, University of Nebraska- Lincoln Sylvia Lazos, University of Nevada Las Vegas

4 Outline Lisa and Corinne: The framework Panelists Comments Open Discussion

5 Why? Key Findings from Prior Project: Mostly Isolated Acculturation Separation and Integration Social Networks of support mostly of friends, isolated from mainstream networks Community climate context of reception perceptions, mostly a negative effect in wellbeing Cultural identity important in job satisfaction Anglo acculturation important in job satisfaction Bilingualism positive impact on earnings & integration Mobility a negative effect on earnings

6 The Project Goal Objectives Research Questions Framework Approach & Process Outputs

7 Goal To facilitate the full integration of Latino newcomers to the economic and social institutions of rural communities

8 Objectives 1) To develop tools to evaluate receiving communities and newcomers acculturation and integration profiles 2) To design, facilitate, and evaluate processes of community integration through action research; and 3) To develop quantitative tools to assess outcomes of the community integration process at the individual & community levels

9 Overall Research Question Are Latinos more engaged in the broader community networks, participating as consumers, producers and entrepreneurs, and creating relationships between the different groups that did not exist before?

10 Research Questions How similar or dissimilar are newcomers and members of the receiving community in terms of their expectations for integration and their desire to have contact with the other group? Are newcomers intentions to settle in the rural community predicted by economic integration, social capitals, receiving community acculturation, individual acculturation, perceptions of the community, attitudes toward immigrants, tolerance, and multicultural ideology How does a community s relational outcomes impact the action research process? What is the impact of the community action process on integration indicators? What is the effect of individual integration indicators, human, social (bonding and bridging networks), cultural, and economic capitals on well-being? What is the effect of the community integration process on well-being?

11 Frameworks: Sustainable Livelihoods The sustainable livelihoods framework - a strengthsbased, interdisciplinary model that postulates that an individual s capitals and capabilities are key factors in developing meaningful livelihoods. Assessing integration builds on theories of acculturation and context of reception, and the effect on bridging capital (networks) in the community long term residents and newcomers.

12 Frameworks: Interactive Acculturation Model The Interactive Acculturation Model (IAM) describes the relational outcomes (consensual, problematic, conflictual) between the host and immigration communities based on the acculturation strategies used by each group (Bourhis et al. 1997). Immigrants can use four acculturation strategies based on (a) their desire to develop relationships with the host group and adopt majority culture and (b) their desire to maintain relationships with immigrant groups and preserve cultural heritage. The host community adopts similar strategies based on (a) their expectations that immigrants adopt majority culture and (b) their expectations that immigrants maintain their cultural heritage. Acculturation Profiles Facilitating community integration through transformative learning process. Transformative learning is a process of becoming acutely aware of how our values and worldviews shape our perspectives.

13 Interactive Acculturation Model Policies Government (State, National) Immigration Policies Acculturation Strategies Dominant Host Acculturation Orientations Immigrant Community s Acculturation Orientations Acculturative Outcomes Consensual Problematic Conflictual Bourhis et al., 1997

14 Dominant Culture Acculturation Orientations MULTICULTURALISM: Acceptable for immigrants to maintain cultural ID; Acceptable for immigrants to adopt culture of host community MELTING POT: Not acceptable for immigrants to maintain cultural ID; acceptable for immigrants to adopt culture of host community SEGREGATION: Acceptable for immigrants to maintain cultural ID; Not acceptable for immigrants to adopt culture of host community EXCLUSION: Not acceptable for immigrants to maintain cultural ID; Not acceptable for immigrants to adopt culture of host community

15 Immigrant Acculturation Orientations INTEGRATION: Valued to maintain cultural identity; Valued to maintain relationships with other groups ASSIMILATION: No value to maintain cultural identity; Valued to maintain relationships with other groups SEPARATION: Valued to maintain cultural identity; No value to maintain relationships with other groups MARGINALIZATION: No value to maintain cultural identity; no value to maintain relationships with other groups

16 Interactive Acculturation Model Policies Government (State, National) Immigration Policies Acculturation Strategies Dominant Host Acculturation Orientations Immigrant Community s Acculturation Orientations Acculturative Outcomes Consensual Problematic Conflictual Bourhis et al., 1997

17 Relational Outcomes of Host and Newcomer Acculturation Orientations Integration Assimilation Separation Marginaliz. Multicultural Consensual Problematic Conflictual Problematic Melting Pot Problematic Consensual Conflictual Problematic Segregation Conflictual Conflictual Conflictual Conflictual Exclusion Conflictual Conflictual Conflictual Conflictual

18 Approach Process FOCUS GROUPS PHOTOVOICE QUESTIONNAIRE COMMUNITY FORUMS Critical reflections COMMUNITY FORUMS Finding common ground COMMUNITY FORUMS Action Plans COMMUNITY FORUMS Evaluate Outcomes

19 What do you see as opportunities and challenges in order to develop this project effectively?

20 DISCUSSION

21 Additional Tables

22 Theoretical Framework Economic Capital (Savings&Earnings) Livelihood Outcomes Wellbeing: Building Assets Vulnerability: - Mobility Cultural Capital (Identity & Institutions) Integration Assimilation Human Capital (Education, Skill, Language Proficiency, Health, MOBILITY) Livelihood Strategies Context of Reception (Community Climate) Separation Marginalization Social Capital (Social Networks Bridging and Bonding)

23 Objectives Procedures Products Duration Survey Quantitative Data Collection Quantitative Data Analyses Qualitative Data Collection Qualitative Data Analyses Builds to Acculturation Profiles of the Receiving and Sending Communities Qualitative FOCUS GROUPS *12 groups (6 RC; 6 NC) PHOTOVOICE * 6 groups (3 RC;3NC) Quantitative * Questionnaire Participants or nonparticipants (40-40) per site, total 240 Focus Group Analyses or Thematic Analyses Document Analysis PHOTOVOICE 6 groups (3 RC;3NC) * Quantitative analysis of perceptions and context of reception, and integration Qualitative Focus Groups Interview data *Observational data *Photovoice Protocols Quantitative *Data on assets, acculturation, context of reception, integration Developing Measures of Community Integration RC and NC indicators (Attitudinal Differences; Community Climate Perceptions; Ability to Act) Photovoice Panels for Community Forums * Profile of Integration of the Receiving Community and of the Newcomer Months 1-8 Months 6-8 Months 1-8 Months 9-15 Months 9-16 Months 9 12 P h a s e 1 Participatory Action Research Community Forums Qualitative Data Survey Analyses Quantitative Indicators of Integration Data Collection Individuals Institutions Facilitating Community Integration Action Research Identify common values and themes to pursue through community forums informed by Photovoice Data and Appreciative Inquiry Identify variables for quantitative measures to include in ex-post survey from the qualitative research * Collect data from participatory activities and analyze Develop indicators of integration at the institutional/organizational level * Community Assessment Tool Develop indicators, to include in expost questionnaire * Protocol of community integration processes * Community Forums (12, 3 per site) * Ex-post protocol * Three Case Studies of Community Integration Assessment ( 20 participants/stakeholders per site) * Ex-post Survey Data: 240 individuals interviewed Months Months Months Months P h a s e 2 Models, Tools, and Measures of Community Integration Community Individuals Tested Indicators of Integration Descriptive Statistics * Multivariate/canonical analysis * Case Study Research Design *Profiles of individuals of RC and NC (240 data ex-ante; 240 data ex-post) *Case studies of 3 communities assessment of integration Month 9-32 Month Interpretation NC: Newcomers RC: Receiving Community * Integrate qualitative and quantitative data - triangulation *Validated Quantitative Model to Assess Integration - NC and RC * Community Stakeholder measures of integration Months 29-36