The Relationship Between Peace Support Operations and Counterterrorism in Africa. Dr. Jason Warner U.S. Military Academy (West Point)
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1 The Relationship Between Peace Support Operations and Counterterrorism in Africa Dr. Jason Warner U.S. Military Academy (West Point)
2 These are soldiers from the Force Intervention Brigade (FIB) in the UN s MONUSCO intervention in DRC in What was unique about them?
3 Question: How has the rise of terrorism impacted peace support operations in Africa?
4 Question: How has the rise of terrorism impacted peace support operations in Africa? Argument: The rise of terrorism in Africa has led both the UN and AU to increasingly move from defensive peacekeeping to offensive peace enforcement. This move towards offensive, counter-terrorist peace enforcement leads to positive and negative outcomes for the UN, AU, and peripheral member states.
5 What is the difference between peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations?
6 What is the difference between peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations? United Nations Peacekeeping (Chapter VI) Use of Force? Peace? Consent from Government? Impartiality? African Union Peace Enforcement (Chapter VII)
7 What is the difference between peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations? United Nations Peacekeeping (Chapter VI) Use of Force? Defensive Peace? Consent from Government? Impartiality? African Union Peace Enforcement (Chapter VII) Offensive
8 What is the difference between peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations? United Nations Peacekeeping (Chapter VI) Use of Force? Defensive Peace? Peace established Consent from Government? Impartiality? African Union Peace Enforcement (Chapter VII) Offensive Peace NOT established
9 What is the difference between peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations? United Nations Peacekeeping (Chapter VI) Use of Force? Defensive Peace? Peace established Consent from Government? Yes Impartiality? African Union Peace Enforcement (Chapter VII) Offensive Peace NOT established No
10 What is the difference between peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations? United Nations Peacekeeping (Chapter VI) Use of Force? Defensive Peace? Peace established Consent from Government? Yes Impartiality? Impartial African Union Peace Enforcement (Chapter VII) Offensive Peace NOT established No Not impartial
11
12 Current African Union Peace Support Missions in Africa AMISOM: African Union Mission to Somalia UNAMID: United Nations-African Union Mission in Darfur AU RCI - LRA: Africa Union-led Regional Cooperation Initiative Against the Lord s Resistance Army **** MNJTF: Multinational Joint Task Force in Lake Chad Basin
13 What are the positive and negatives of the United Nations undertaking operations to fight terrorism? Positives? Negatives?
14 What are the positive and negatives of the United Nations undertaking operations to fight terrorism? Positives? Negatives? UN has global responsibility for peace and security History in peacekeeping
15 What are the positive and negatives of the United Nations undertaking operations to fight terrorism? Positives? UN has global responsibility for peace and security History in peacekeeping Negatives? Could lead to UN losing legitimacy Lack of UN standing army / artillery / airlift Could put other civilian UN workers at risk Could create new insecurity
16 What are the positives and negatives of the African Union undertaking operations to fight terrorism? Positives? Negatives?
17 What are the positives and negatives of the African Union undertaking operations to fight terrorism? Positives? Negatives? Willingness to undertake kinetic CT Legislative agenda to promote CT Quick reaction capability
18 What are the positives and negatives of the African Union undertaking operations to fight terrorism? Positives? Willingness to undertake kinetic CT Legislative agenda to promote CT Quick reaction capability Negatives? Lack of funding Inconsistent airlift Politicized fight by neighbors Weak coordination among members
19 What are the positives and negatives of so-called peripheral countries participation in UN and AU operations to fight terrorism? Positives? Negatives?
20 What are the positives and negatives of so-called peripheral countries participation in UN and AU operations to fight terrorism? Positives? Negatives? Could allow your country to anticipate threats Could allow your country to protect your economic interests Could offer your country reputational benefits Could offer your military training and expertise
21 What are the positives and negatives of so-called peripheral countries participation in UN and AU operations to fight terrorism? Positives? Could allow your country to anticipate threats Could allow your country to protect your economic interests Could offer your country reputational benefits Could offer your military training and expertise Negatives? Could bring your country into a long, expensive fight Could lead to domestic political opposition Could make your country a target of terrorist reprisals Could pull military away from domestic challenges
22 Question: How has the rise of terrorism impacted peace support operations in Africa? Argument: The rise of terrorism in Africa has led both the UN and AU to increasingly move from defensive peacekeeping to offensive peace enforcement. This move towards offensive, counter-terrorist peace enforcement leads to positive and negative outcomes for the UN, AU, and peripheral member states.
23 Thank you.
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