2/28/2018. Human Trafficking: Yes, it Does Happen in Your Communities MACCAC February 21, Scope of the Problem. Human. Trafficking.

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1 Human Trafficking: Yes, it Does Happen in Your Communities MACCAC February 21, 2018 Amanda Colegrove MDH Rebecca Kotz CMSAC Naomi Nelson LSS Brainerd Paula Schaefer MDH Human Trafficking Sex Trafficking Labor Trafficking Scope of the Problem 2 nd largest criminal enterprise world wide. Human trafficking is a 150 billion dollar per year business. $99 billion in profits from sex trafficking $51 billion in profits from labor trafficking* Produces continuous profits a person can be used over and over Human trafficking is a hidden crime less risk than other crimes *Source: International Labour Organization 1

2 Differences That Matter Federal Law Minnesota Law Requires showing of force, fraud, or coercion except for victims of sex trafficking under 18 Victim can be trafficked by any means regardless of age Sex trafficking includes all commercial sex acts Sex trafficking only covers prostitution Benefits are mostly for foreign nationals Benefits are mostly for victims of sex trafficking 24 and under Risk Factors LBGTQ Chemical dependency Lack of immigration status Justice system involvement Human Trafficking Risk Factors Children & youth Race/ethnicity History of abuse; polyvictimization Disability (physical and/or cognitive) Homelessness How Does it Happen? CORE NEED unmet FALSE PROMISE to meet need EXPLOITATION AND TRAFFICKING VULNERABILITY unprotected Source: Deborah s Gate 2

3 Labor Traffcking Case Example Foreign Nationals Case Example Dual Victimization Where Does Labor Trafficking Occur? 3

4 Potential Signs of Labor Trafficking Not free to come and go Doesn t control ID Afraid of employer Bad pay, hours, working conditions Depends on employer for basic needs Debt to employer Practice Identifying Human Trafficking Working in Groups: Read each scenario and answer the following questions: 1. Is this trafficking or exploitation? 2. Why or why not Direct Service for Labor Trafficking The Advocates for Human Rights Legal aid Training The Enitan Story Case management and community outreach Job skills training Standpoint Legal aid Training statewide or Southwest Crisis Center Group sessions and life skills training Case management and advocacy

5 Forms of Sexual Exploitation SEXUAL EXPLOITATION Sexual Harassment Sexual Abuse/ Assault Survival Sex Prostitution COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION $ Sex Trafficking Pornography Stripping Do Justice LLC 2014 Commercial Sexual Exploitation Eligibility for Safe Harbor Services for Youth Ages 24 and younger Anything of value (e.g., money, drugs, food, shelter, rent, or higher status in a gang or group) OR a promise of anything of value is given to a person by any means in exchange for any type of sexual activity. A third party may or may not be involved. Copyright 2016 MNCASA Youth at risk for sexual exploitation are eligible for Safe Harbor Regional Navigator and Specialized Community Services. Potential Signs of Sex Trafficking Person has an abrupt change in attire, behavior, or relationships The presence of an older boyfriend or older female friend Travel with an adult who is not a guardian; appears to have people keeping an eye on them Sudden presence of expensive material possessions Youth lacks control over his/ her schedule, money, and/or proof of identification 5

6 Potential Signs of Sex Trafficking Lying about age, where they ve been, who they ve been with, information/stories change Youth have unexplained absences from school, or demonstrates an inability to attend school on a regular basis Youth has a history of attending many different schools and/or has multiple recent transfers Signs of tattoos, physical trauma, including bruises, cuts, burns, and/or scars When Victims Do Not Fit Our Expectations Expectation Victim will self identify Victim will cooperate Story will be clear and consistent Victim will have resources to participate in case Victim will be sympathetic to jury Reality Victim believes they made a choice Victim will lie Victim is hostile and distrustful Story is inconsistent Victim lacks ID, money, housing, and a support network Victim will face implicit bias because of background Implicit Bias and Victims Good victim White, female, vulnerable, young Victim is an innocent Must ve been kidnapped Victim is grateful for being rescued and ready to leave the trafficker Bad victim Persons of color Juvenile delinquency or criminal record LBGTQ, gender nonconforming Victim loves their exploiter They vehemently deny they are a victim Boys: if it happens to them, they must be gay and enjoy it 6

7 Minnesota s Response to Sex Trafficking No Wrong Door Safe Harbor Law Sexually exploited youth 17 years old and under can no longer be criminalized for engaging in prostitution, instead should be referred to services. Sexually exploited youth 24 years old and under deserve and are eligible for specialized, trauma informed services to heal and recover. Safe Harbor Statewide Services Regional Navigators and Specialized Community Services OVC Expansion Grant to include Labor Trafficking Training & Technical Assistance Youth Outreach Materials Wilder Evaluation Report Specialized Housing/Shelter Youth Outreach Child Protection/Child Welfare Vulnerable Adult Protection Missing and Endangered Persons Internet Crimes Against Children 3Regional Law Enforcement Task Forces 1 Statewide Task Force run by the BCA: 24/7 reporting Training/Consultation for Law Enforcement on Sex Trafficking Investigations Protocol Guidelines Protocol Implementation 21 7

8 Safe Harbor Statewide Services Minnesota s Child Protection Response to Sex Trafficking Training for Child Protection/ Welfare Workers Coordination with Safe Harbor and Systems Response Child Protection Response Data Reporting Child Sex Trafficking Sex Abuse Child Abuse and Neglect Investigation (24 hour response) Sarah.Ladd@state.mn.us harbor 23 8

9 SAFE HARBOR PRIMARY OUTREACH MATERIALS / 5 X 7 Outreach Card Business card size outreach cards (2 versions) Sticker that will fit on a variety of outreach materials Primary Safe Harbor Posters (2 versions) Access Safe Harbor Youth Outreach Materials and Communications Toolkit MDH Website /divs/healthimprovement/prog rams initiatives/incommunities/safeharbor.html Resources Minnesota Human Trafficking Task Force Voices of Safe Harbor: Survivor and Youth Input for Minnesota s Model Protocol on Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Youth mncasa.org Safe Harbor Website StreetWorks Safe Harbor Training Videos cats/sh trainingvideos/ 9

10 28 Questions? Thank you! Amanda Colegrove Rebecca Kotz Naomi Nelson Paula Schaefer 10

11 SAFE HARBOR For Minnesota s Sexually Exploited Youth Safe Harbor provides a statewide network of vic m-centered, traumainformed services and safe housing, as well as Regional Navigators who are responsible for connec ng youth with services and serving as experts for their communi es. To find services statewide, call the Day One Crisis Hotline at N O R T H E A S T PROGRAM TO AID VICTIMS OF SEXUAL ASSAULT Duluth pavsa.org N O R T H W E S T SUPPORT WITHIN REACH Bemidji Crisis Line: supportwithinreach.org E A S T M E T R O MIDWEST CHILDREN S RESOURCE CENTER (CHILDREN S HOSPITAL) St. Paul W E S T M E T R O THE LINK Minneapolis thelinkmn.org C E N T R A L LUTHERAN SOCIAL SERVICES Brainerd W E S T C E N T R A L SOMEPLACE SAFE Fergus Falls S O U T H W E S T SOUTHWEST CRISIS CENTER Worthington S O U T H E A S T DODGE, FILLMORE, AND OLMSTED COUNTY VICTIM SERVICES Rochester mservices For a full list of resources on housing and services, please see reference guide on opposite side.

12 SAFE HARBOR For Minnesota s Sexually Exploited Youth N O R T H E A S T LIFE HOUSE Duluth N O R T H W E S T EVERGREEN YOUTH AND FAMILY SERVICES Bemidji NORTH HOMES CHILDREN & FAMILY SERVICES Bemidji E A S T M E T R O 180 DEGREES/BRITTANY S PLACE St Paul anys-place.html TUBMAN St. Paul W E S T M E T R O THE LINK Prior Lake thelinkmn.org C E N T R A L TEREBINTH REFUGE St. Cloud LUTHERAN SOCIAL SERVICES Brainerd W E S T C E N T R A L HEARTLAND GIRLS RANCH Benson heartlandgirlsranch.org N O R T H E A S T PROGRAM TO AID VICTIMS OF SEXUAL ASSAULT Duluth pavsa.org LIFE HOUSE Duluth N O R T H W E S T EVERGREEN YOUTH AND FAMILY SERVICES Bemidji NORTH HOMES CHILDREN & FAMILY SERVICES Bemidji, Grand Rapids, and Duluth E A S T M E T R O HMONG AMERICAN PARTNERSHIP St. Paul MIDWEST CHILDREN S RESOURCE CENTER St. Paul W E S T M E T R O CORNERSTONE Bloomington THE FAMILY PARTNERSHIP Minneapolis THE LINK Minneapolis thelinkmn.org LUTHERAN SOCIAL SERVICES STREETWORKS Minneapolis MID-MINNESOTA LEGAL AID Minneapolis mylegalaid.org YMCA Minneapolis on C E N T R A L CENTRAL MN SEXUAL ASSAULT CENTER St. Cloud W E S T C E N T R A L LUTHERAN SOCIAL SERVICES OF MN WILLMAR RAPE AND ABUSE CRISIS CENTER Fargo/Moorhead SOMEPLACE SAFE Fergus Falls S O U T H W E S T SOUTHWEST CRISIS CENTER Worthington LUTHERAN SOCIAL SERVICES OF MN Mankato S O U T H E A S T DODGE, FILLMORE AND OLMSTED COUNTY VICTIM SERVICES Rochester mservices

13 SAFE HARBOR FOR MINNESOTA S YOUTH Safe Harbor has increased awareness, understanding and identification of the commercial sexual exploitation of youth. In Minnesota, sexually exploited youth are not seen as criminals, but as victims in need of services. In 2014, Minnesota Safe Harbor Law went into effect. THE SAFE HARBOR LAW: Protects youth from being arrested or prosecuted for prostitution; Adds the definition of sexually exploited youth to Minnesota s child protection codes so that child protective services and child welfare can respond; Assigns funding to develop protocols and trainings, and to provide services, housing, and outreach of youth 24 and under. COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION Commercial Sexual Exploitation occurs when someone exchanges sex for anything of value or a promise of something of value such as money, drugs, food, shelter, rent, or higher status in a gang or group. Another person may or may not be involved in arranging this exchange. MINNESOTA S RESPONSE Any door a youth goes through in any community should provide a safe, protected environment that leads them to services that can help empower them to leave the exploitation. Sexually exploited youth 24 years old and younger deserve and are eligible for specialized, trauma-informed services to heal and recover. CREATING A COMMUNITY RESPONSE Minnesota developed a Safe Harbor network of services with Regional Navigators, who are ready to direct these youth to specialized services, housing and shelter. Regional Navigators are also available to increase local capacity and awareness by training communities. health.mn.gov/injury/topic/safeharbor/navigators.html SEX TRAFFICKING Sex trafficking is a type of commercial sexual exploitation that involves the prostitution of an individual in which a third person not the buyer or the victim facilitates or profits. MN Statute YOUTH OUTREACH Victims of sexual exploitation rarely see themselves as victims. To assist with outreach, Safe Harbor created materials, with help from sexually exploited youth, to speak directly to the victims and their situation. Access or view the materials: health.mn.gov/divs/healthimprovement/programs-initiatives/ in-communities/safeharbor.html

14 SAFE HARBOR FOR MINNESOTA S YOUTH SAFETY THROUGH CHILD PROTECTION OR CHILD WELFARE RESPONSES Sexually exploited and sex trafficked youth need protection. Child protection services should be notified of all youth victims and survivors of sex trafficking, whether or not their families are involved in the trafficking. County child protection welfare agencies will respond to sexually exploited and sex trafficked youth and families with a focus on youth safety while making connections to trauma-informed specialized services. mn.gov/dhs/safe-harbor USING LAW ENFORCEMENT Law enforcement plays a critical role in identifying victims, referring youth to services, arresting traffickers and sex buyers, and protecting the public from these crimes. Law enforcement departments across Minnesota have formed task forces to focus on sex trafficking and sexual exploitation investigations. The state funds several law enforcement task forces, while nonstate, locally funded task forces also exist. dps.mn.gov/divisions/ojp/grants/pages/justice-communitygrants.aspx IMPLEMENTING COMMUNITY RESPONSE PROTOCOLS Professionals must work across specialized teams to provide the most appropriate response to sexually exploited youth. The Ramsey County Attorney s Office and MNCASA created Safe Harbor Protocol Guidelines to help form teams and develop protocols. The State of Minnesota provides statewide funding for protocol implementation, however, local areas can also create teams and implement protocols without state funding. Access the Safe Harbor Protocols and learn more about developing protocols and putting them into practice. mncasa.org/sh/guidelines RELATED PROJECTS Office for Victims of Crime, U.S. Department of Justice Expansion This federal grant will expand Safe Harbor services to labor trafficking and tribal nations. Additionally, it will increase survivor advisement on implementation of programs and services. Safe Harbor for All (SH4A) Building upon the Safe Harbor for Youth and No Wrong Door Model, Minnesota is currently considering ways to help adults affected by commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. A planning process is underway with expectations of presenting the plan in October, health.mn.gov/safeharbor

15 Safe Harbor Sexual Exploitation/Sex Trafficking Resource List MDH Safe Harbor Unit MN Resource Agencies: DHS Safe Harbor Website: harbor MDH Safe Harbor Website: MN BCA Human Trafficking Investigations Task Force 24/7 reporting MN Human Trafficking Task Force: mnhttf.org MN Coalition Against Sexual Assault: Advocates for Human Rights: Prevention of Youth Sexual Exploitation Don t Buy It Project 2017 By Men As Peace Makers. A public awareness campaign, educational resources, and comprehensive toolkit of resources to build understanding of the damage caused by commercial sexual exploitation and begin to shift attitudes and norms to decrease demand for commercial sex. Human Trafficking Task Force Primary Prevention Fact Sheet MN Human Trafficking Task Force. Primary Prevention Fact Sheet.pdf Human Trafficking Prevention and Education for Youth and Youth Workers (2010). IPATH Indiana Protection for Abused and Trafficked Humans Task Force. content/uploads/2010/08/ipath_r3 21.pdf Internet Safety: Online Safety Teaching Materials and Lesson Plans kids.gov plans/online safety/index.shtml Safety Beyond Facebook: 12 Social Media Apps Every Parent Should Know About apps/safetybeyond facebook 12 social media apps every parent should know about?slide=3 Safety Central App 2016 By The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC). Stay Safe Online online safety/ The 5 Best Internet Safety Resources for Teachers ELearning Industry 5 best internet safety resources forteachers Wired Safety: Helping Everyone Stay Safer Online Since Not A #Number: Child Trafficking and Exploitation Prevention Curriculum (2014) By Dr. Amanda Bozack, Ph.D., et al. for Love 146 Five module prevention curriculum designed to teach youth how to protect themselves from human trafficking and exploitation through information, critical thinking, and skill development. Sexual Exploitation/Sex Trafficking of Youth and Adults A Culturally Based Healing Intervention for Commercially Sex Trafficked Native American Women 2016 By Jennifer Hintz Adult Human Trafficking Screening Tool and Guide 2018 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Assessing exploitation experiences of girls and boys seen at a Child Advocacy Center 2015 By Laurel Edinburgh et al. BLUEPRINT A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE DOMESTIC SEX TRAFFICKING OF GIRLS By Rebecca Epstein and Peter Edelman. Center on Poverty and Inequality, Georgetown Law Bought and Sold: Helping Young People Escape from Sexual Exploitation. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. BREAKING BARRIERS: IMPROVING SERVICES FOR LGBTQ HUMAN TRAFFICKING VICTIMS: A Top Ten List for Service Providers and Criminal Justice Professionals By Polaris Project barriers lgbtq services.pdf Combating Trafficking: Native Youth Toolkit on Human Trafficking 2018 Administration for Children & Families, and Administration for Native Americans Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: A Fact Sheet (2015). National Center for Exploited and Missing Children 1 Safe Harbor Sexual Exploitation Resource List Feb SHORT Paula.Schaefer@state.mn.us

16 Early Intervention to Avoid Sex Trading and Trafficking of Minnesota s Female Youth: A Benefit Cost Analysis, 2012, Minnesota Indian Women s Resource Center. Evidence Based Mental Health Treatment for Victims of Human Trafficking 2010 By Erin Williamson, Nicole M. Dutch, and Heather J. Clawson for U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services Faces of Human Trafficking Video Series 2016 Office for Victims of Crime, Federal Office of Justice Programs. The series is for outreach and education efforts of service providers, law enforcement, prosecutors, and others in the community. Includes Discussion guides, fact sheets, and videos have Spanish subtitles. Garden of Truth: The Prostitution and Trafficking of Native Women in Minnesota 2011 By Farley et al. A project of Minnesota Indian Women's Sexual Assault Coalition and Prostitution Research & Education. Health Consequences of Sex Trafficking 2014 By Laura Lederer and Christopher Wetzel. Annals of Health Law Journal, vol.23/issue 1, Loyola University of Chicago content/uploads/2014/08/the Health Consequences of Sex Trafficking.pdf Human Trafficking and Child Welfare: A Guide for Caseworkers 2017 By Child Welfare Information Gateway. Human Trafficking in AMERICA S SCHOOLS (2015). By Jeneé Littrell, Grossmont Union High School District. U.S. Depart. of Education, Office of Safe and Healthy Students Human Trafficking in Illicit Massage Businesses 2018 Polaris %20Human%20Trafficking%20in%20Illicit%20Massage%20Businesses.pdf Human Trafficking In Minnesota: A Report to the Minnesota Legislature January 2017 Prepared by: MN Office of Justice Programs Minnesota Statistical Analysis Center 0FKATAuMQEBdjI Human Trafficking in AMERICA S SCHOOLS (2015). By Jeneé Littrell, Grossmont Union High School District. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Safe and Healthy Students In Their Shoes: Understanding Victims Mindsets and Common Barriers to Victim Identification By Polaris Project Victims Mindsets.pdf It s More Than My Body That Got Hurt: The Psychophysiological Consequences of Sex Trafficking By Karen Countryman Roswurm, Victoria Shaffer %20Countryman Roswurm%20and%20Shaffer%20 %20HT%20and%20Psychobiological%20Consequences%20%282%29.pdf It s Not on the Radar : The hidden diversity of children and young people at risk of sexual exploitation in England By Carron Fox, Believe in Children Barnado s Mapping the Demand: Sex Buyers in the State of Minnesota 2017 By Lauren Martin, Christina Melander, Harshda Krnik, Corelle Nakamura This report deepens our understanding of Minnesotans who pay for sex. The authors sought to understand who the buyers are, where they live and purchase sex, how they approach the marketplace for sex, and what they seek to purchase. Mapping the Market for Sex Trafficked Minor Girls in Minneapolis: Structures, Functions, and Patterns 2014, Martin, Lauren, and Alexandra (Sandi) Pierce Executive Summary: context=sex trafficking and community wellbeing initiative 0 Full Report: context=sex trafficking andcommunity well being initiative 0 Mental Health Needs of Victims of Human Trafficking, Human Trafficking Task Force e guide 2017 Office for Victims of Crime, Training and Technical Assistance Center, U.S. Office of Justice Programs supporting victims/44 comprehensive victimservices/mental health needs/ Minnesota Department of Human Services 2018 Bulletin # C: Sex Trafficked Children and Youth Investigative Protocols: aveas=1&ddocname=dhs Minnesota Safe Harbor Youth Outreach Materials initiatives/incommunities/safeharbor.html Moving Forward: Collaborative Accompaniment of Human Trafficking Survivors by Using Trauma Informed Practices (2017) By Sarah K. Ladd and Laurel Neufeld Weaver. Journal of Human Trafficking, Volume 3, Safe Harbor Sexual Exploitation Resource List Feb SHORT Paula.Schaefer@state.mn.us

17 No Longer Invisible: Families that Torture, Traffick, and Exploit their Girl Child 2018 By Jeanne Sarson, Linda MacDonald Onati International Institute for the Sociology of Law &EXT=pdf Out of the Shadows: A Tool for the Identification of Victims of Human Trafficking (2014). By Laura Simich, Vera Institute of Justice trafficking identification tool Promising Practices in Combatting Juvenile Sex Trafficking Surrounding Large Events and Beyond By Shared Hope International content/uploads/2016/08/shi_case_study_ _Super_Bowl_Outcome.pdf# PROMISING PRACTICES AN OVERVIEW OF TRAUMA INFORMED THERAPEUTIC SUPPORT FOR SURVIVORS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING 2015 By Polaris Promising Practices.pdf Safe Harbor Protocol Guidelines 2017 By Ramsey County Attorney s Office and the Sexual Violence Justice Institute, MN Coalition Against Sexual Assault. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary tool aimed at helping communities build the local systems response to sex trafficking and sexual exploitation. Sex Trafficking of Minors: What Schools Need to Know to Recognize and Respond to the Trafficking of Students By National Center for Homeless Education, Supporting the Education of Children and Youth Experiencing Homelessness Sex Trafficking and Safe Harbor Resource Pack (2016) The Advocates for Human Rights. Provides accessible, consistent information about sex trafficking and the Safe Harbor law. Materials include a PowerPoint presentation, supplemental handouts, and resources for specific systems professionals. Shattered Hearts: The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of American Indian Women and Girls 2009 The Minnesota Indian Women s Resource Center Hearts Full.pdf Shining Light on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: A Toolkit to Build Understanding 2017 Wichita State University Center for Combating Human Trafficking, OJJDP, and MANY. STAYING SAFE: TIPS FOR LGBTQ YOUTH for How to Protect Yourself and Your Community from Human Trafficking 2016 By Polaris Trafficking Survivor Protection: Reducing The Risk of Trauma to Child Sex Trafficking Victims 2018 By Rights4Girls. Addresses legal protection issues. content/uploads/r4g/2018/01/survivor Protection.pdf THE PROSTITUTION AND TRAFFICKING OF AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE WOMEN IN MINNESOTA 2015 by Farley, M., Deer, S., Golding, J., Matthews, N.; Lopez, G., Stark, C., Hudon, E. of_ai AN_women_in_MN_65.pdf The Typology of Modern Slavery: Defining Sex and Labor Trafficking in the United States 2017 By Polaris. Defines 25 types of modern slavery. Typology of Modern Slavery.pdf Toolkit for Building Survivor Informed Organizations 2018 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services TREATING THE HIDDEN WOUNDS: TRAUMA TREATMENT AND MENTAL HEALTH RECOVERY FOR VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING 2008 By Heather J. Clawson, Ph.D., Amy Salomon, Ph.D., and Lisa Goldblatt Grace, LICSW, MPH, for U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services Voices of Safe Harbor: Survivor & Youth Input for Minnesota s Model Protocol on Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Youth government/projects initiatives/documents/no wrong%20 door voices.pdf?la=en UNITED STATES ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING ANNUAL REPORT Workplace Perspectives on Erotic Dancing: A Brief Report on Community Based Research in Minneapolis Strip Clubs 2017 By a Research Team, The University of Minnesota s Robert J. Jones, Urban Research and Outreach Engagement Center (UROC) Perspectives on Erotic Dancing.pdf Sexual Exploitation of Boys 3 Safe Harbor Sexual Exploitation Resource List Feb SHORT Paula.Schaefer@state.mn.us

18 AND BOYS TOO: An ECPAT USA discussion paper about the lack of recognition of the commercial sexual exploitation of boys in the United States B0DB 4FCD A DAB/1b1293ef f2c b148 91db11379d11.pdf Boys Are Not Sexually Exploited? A Challenge to Practitioners 2006 Ralph Lillywhite and Paula Skidmore. Child Abuse Review Vol. 15: (2006), Published online in Wiley InterScience Boys Don't Cry: Improving identification and disclosure of sexual exploitation among boys and young men trafficked to the UK 2016 By Lucy Leon and Phil Raws, The Children s Society we do/resources and publications/boys dont cry improving identificationand disclosure of Boys, Too: The Forgotten Stories of Human Trafficking (2013) By Elliot Glotfelty too forgottenstories human trafficking/ Demystifying Boys The Commercial Exploitation of Boys Our Forgotten Victims 2013 By Jodie Gummow commercial sexual exploitation boys our forgotten victims Hidden in plain sight A scoping study into the sexual exploitation of boys and young men in the UK Policy briefing 2014 By Barnado s 4.pdf Male Trafficking (2013). Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights. US Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons More Awareness Needed About Boys Who Are Commercially Sexually Exploited 2017 By Steven Procopio. Published in YouthToday. awareness needed about boys who are commercially sexually exploited/ Trafficked Boys Overlooked (2014) By Yu Sun Chin boys overlooked underrepresented/ Sexual Exploitation Videos and Web Resources Web Resources: The Advocates for Human Rights Campaign for a Commercial Free Childhood DayOne The Call to Safety, Minnesota Crisis Hotline: ECPAT USA Ending Child Slavery at the Source Fight the New Drug: Dropping Knowledge on the Harmful Effects of Porn Girls Educational & Mentoring Services (GEMS) girls.org/ Healthy Sex Men as Peacemakers Minnesota Child Protection League Minnesota Coalition Against Sexual Assault MN Girls Are Not For Sale, Women s Foundation of Minnesota: MN Human Trafficking Task Force National Center for Missing and Exploited Children National Center on Sexual Exploitation National Human Trafficking Resource Center, The Polaris Project, Freedom Happens Now National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC): Porn as a Driver for Prostitution and Sex Trafficking YouTube: Laura J. Lederer Porn Harms Safe Harbor Minnesota Shared Hope International Stop Porn Culture Stop Trafficking Newsletter by Women Religious Trafficking In America Task Force Your Brain on Porn Labor Exploitation/Trafficking Asking the Right Questions: A Human Rights Approach to Ending Trafficking and Exploitation in the Workplace 2016 The Advocates for Human Rights. Documents the human rights abuses experienced by workers in Minnesota. The report identifies failures in the existing government response to trafficking and recommends steps state and federal governments can take to ensure protection of workers and prevention of trafficking. Executive Report: Human Trafficking in Minnesota: A Report to the Minnesota Legislature September 2014 Prepared by: MN Office of Justice Programs MN Statistical Analysis Center Addresses both sex and labor trafficking. 4 Safe Harbor Sexual Exploitation Resource List Feb SHORT Paula.Schaefer@state.mn.us

19 documents/documents/2014%20human%20trafficking%20report.pdf Life Interrupted: Trafficking into Forced Labor in the United States 2014 Denise Brennan, Duke University Interrupted by Denise Brennan# Understanding the Organization, Operation, and Victimization Process of Labor Trafficking in the United States 2014 Urban Institute. organization operation and victimization process labor trafficking united states 5 Safe Harbor Sexual Exploitation Resource List Feb SHORT Paula.Schaefer@state.mn.us