INDEX. The Author(s) 2017 S.W. Bender, W.F. Arrocha (eds.), Compassionate Migration and Regional Policy in the Americas, DOI /

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1 INDEX A Abductions suffered by migrants, 98 99, 144 Agent for the protection of minors, 164 Aggressions towards migrants, 101, 144 Alabama H.B. 56, 33, 41 Albergues, 164, 167 Alianza para las Migraciones en Centroamérica y México (CAMMINA), 166 Alien (s), 23, 27, 40, 43 45, 55 57, , 258, 263 as illegal (s), 2, 40, 43, 254, 255, 257 as minors, 57 as other (s), 263 removal of, 254 Alliance for Prosperity Plan, 103, 104 American Immigration Lawyers Association, 62 Amnesty International, 97 98, 144 Andean Community (CAN), 174, 175, , 289 Andean Labor Migration Instrument (IAML), 179 Andean Social Security Instrument (IASS), 179 Applied Research Center (ARC), 134 Arizona S.B. 1070, 33, 41, 43 44, 63 Arizona-Sonora Commission, 289 Arpaio, Sheriff Joe, 43 Art, as counter-conduct, Asylum seekers, 38, 98, 107n1, 115, 163, 166 B Blacklisting, Border Crossing Card, 160 Bracero Program, 10, 19, 24, 71 74, 76 77, 81, 82, 84, 289 Brexit, 2 Bureau of Land Management (BLM), 258, 274n6 C Calderón, Felipe, 85, 103, 132, Camayo v. John Peroulis & Sons Sheep, Inc., 83 Canada, 99, 114, Care chains, 242 Care ethics, 12, Centers for the comprehensive care of border transit, 161 The Author(s) 2017 S.W. Bender, W.F. Arrocha (eds.), Compassionate Migration and Regional Policy in the Americas, DOI /

2 294 INDEX Centros de Atención Integral al Transito Fronterizo see Centers for the comprehensive care of border transit Chae Chan Ping v. United States, 26, 27, 29 Charter for Compassion, 7, 221, 225, 286, 291n5 Child migrants, see youth migration Chinese Exclusion Act, 10, 18, 23, 25, 26, 280 Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), 7, 10 12, , 131, , 148, 155, , , , 200, , 290 Colectivo Migraciones para las Américas (COMPA), , Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos (CNDH) see Mexico s National Ombudsman Comisión Estatal de los Derechos Humanos (CEDH-Chiapas), 166 Comisión Mexicana de Ayuda a Refugiados, see Mexican Commission to Assist Refugees Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), , Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families (CMW), 97, 106, 119 Compassionate conservatism, 222, 232n3, 232n4 Compassionate migration defined, 6 10, local suggestions, 284 Consejo Ciudadano del Instituto Nacional de Migración (CC-INM), Contra War, 146 Convention of Migrant Workers Rights (ICMW), 92 Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), 255 Counter-conducts, , , Coyotes, 77, 130, 132, 152, 256 Crimmigration, 33, 41, 47n1 D Dada v. Mukasey, 29 Dalai Lama, 221, 225 Debordering, 257, 263 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), 31n7, 44, 48n5, Deferred Action for Parental Arrivals (DAPA), 31n7, 44, 49n28, 50n29, Dehumanization, 6 7, 205, 265 Deportations, 38, 64 65, 92, , , 143, , 150, , 253, 255, as deported, 8, 14, 35, 37, 56, 59, 63, 99, , , 271, 274n1, 283 as Deporter-in-chief, 8, 65, 253 Detention centers and facilities fo, 2, 35, 99, 116, , 150, 163, 255, 271 for juvenile and youth, 35 in Mexico, , practices and politics of, under the ICMW, 117, Directives, migration, 124 Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), 92 93, 104, 288 DREAM Act, 5, 57 59, 61, 64, 67n12, 67n15, 282

3 INDEX 295 E Empathy, 9 10, 167, 191, 221, 224, , 230, 232n6, 233n9, 242, 246, 261, 287 Enmification, , 226, 228, 231, 231n2 Ethical triangle, 249 European Union, 2, Exclusion as social and political responses to undocumented or undesirable migrants, 257, 263, 280 counter exclusionary path, 283 in law and policy, 5, 18, 22, 23, 25, 26, 220, 279 See also Chinese Exclusion Act Executive Commission for the Care of Victims, 165 F Facilitating Act of 1864, 23 Federalism cooperative federalism, 34, immigration federalism, non-cooperative, Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 26 Forced labor, 78, 82 83, 116 Forced migration, 9, 35 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), 100 Fox, Vicente, 149 Frontera Sur, , 150, 161, 289 Fundación para la Justicia y el Estado Democrático de Derecho (FJEDD), 138 G General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), 122 General Law for Victims, 162 GeoGroup (GEO), 255 Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD), 121 Global Migration Group (GMG), 122 Good Neighbor policy, 282 Grupo Articulador Regional del Plan de Acción de Brasil (GARPAB), 166 Grupos Beta, 148, , 168 Guest Workers, 10, 71, 74, 76 86, 107n2, 282 H H-2 Visa, 74, 76, 86 H-2A Visa, 75 76, 83 H-2B Visa, 75, 83 Hazleton, Pennsylvania, 34, 41, 190, 218, 228 Hazleton Integration Project, 228, 291n4 Human rights violations, 6, 92, 134, 150, 151, 155, 159, 162, , , 210n1, Human Rights Watch, 98 Human security, 92 93, 105, 135, 286 Human trafficking, 4, 82, 98, 130, 144, , 164, 176 Humane Borders, 191, , 271 I Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, 29, 147 Illegal Immigration Relief Act Ordinance (IIRAO), 228, 233n11 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), 38 39, 48n9, 59 63, 65, 67n13, 67n14, 67n17, 68n20, , 253, 255

4 296 INDEX Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, 74 Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), 24, 75, 86 Immigration regionalism, 288 Inadmissibility, , 210n1 Inclusion, politics of, 181 Institute for Women Migrants (IMUMI), 101, 137, 139n1 Instituto Centroamericano de Estudios Sociales y Desarrollo (INCEDES), Instituto Nacional de Migración (INM), 8, 11, 136, 137, 144, , , 168 Integrated Plan to Protect Unaccompanied Migrant Youth, 163 Inter-American Bank for Development, 104 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), 98 99, 102, , International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), 181 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 113, , 119 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), , International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICMW), 6, , 113, 176, 225, 283 International Labor Organization, 115, 121, 123 International Organization for Migration (IOM), 13n2, 13n3, 99, 100, 104, 107n1, 123, 131, 186n23 Intersectionality, 248 Intra-Regional Migration, 3, 173 Argentina, 3 Venezuela, 3 Iqbal v. Ashcroft, 27 Irregular Immigrant J Juan Crow, 33, 41 44, 47n2 Jus solis citizenship, 117 Just-in-time system, 203, 207 K Kidnappings, as suffered by migrants, 100, 102, 144 Ku Klux Klan, 36 L Lennon, John, 55 56, 67n10 Ley de Migración 2011, see Migration Law (Mexico) 2011 Ley General de Victimas see General Law for Victims Ley sobre Refugiados, Protección Complementaria y Asilo Político 2011, 161 Localization, 248 M Maquiladoras, 100 Maras Salvatrucha, 152

5 INDEX 297 Martinez, Susana, 36 Mérida Initiative, 91, , 154, Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, 40 Mexican Commission to Assist Refugees (COMAR), 163, 168 Mexico Constitution, 160 Mexico s National Ombudsman (CNDH), 144, 155, Migrant and Seasonal Agriculture Worker Protection Act, 75, 77 Migration Law (Mexico) 2011, 162 Migration Policy Unit of the Secretariat of the Interior (SEGOB 2014), Migration regimes as compassionate, 9, as kind and tolerant, 279 human rights-based, 182 migration flows, 2 3, 91, 94, 98, 100, 104, 106, 107n1, 123, Mixed migration, , 102, 107n1 Montana Immigrant Justice Alliance v. Bullock, 45, 50n30 Morton Memo, Multilateral Social Security Agreement (MSSA), 177 N Napolitano, Janet, 61, 63 National System for Integral Family Development, 162 National System for Victims, 165 National Victim Registry, 165 No More Deaths, 191, , 286 Non-priority program, Non-refoulment principle, 115 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 84, 85, 92 93, 146, 147, 253, 288, 289 Nuñag-Tanedo v. East Baton Rouge Parish School Board, 83 O Obama, Barack, 6, 8, 19, 25, 34, 35, 37, 45, 46, 48n5, 48n9, 57 59, 63 65, 102, 143, 232n6, 246, 253, , 274n1, 280 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), 119, 124n2 Oficial de Protección a la Infancia (OPI), see Agent, for the protection of minors Operation Gatekeeper, 10, 147 Operation Intercept, Operation Wetback, 19, 282 Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 99, 121 Organization of American States (OAS), 99, 167 P Padilla v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 29 Patria Grande, 176 Peña Nieto, Enrique, 85, 103, 135 People Helping People (PHP), 262, 263 Plan Nacional de Desarrollo, 7, 135, 161 Plan Sur, see Frontera Sur Plenary Power, 18, 21 30, 53, 282 Pope Francis, 1, 97, 225

6 298 INDEX Prevention by deterrence, 254 Priority Enforcement Program (PEP), 5, 10, 130 Private prisons, see Corrections Corporation of America Programa Especial de Migración (PEM), Programa Frontera Sur see Southern Border Plan Proposition, 187, 282 Prosecutorial Discretion, 44, 45, Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICMW), 6, 92, 95n4, 95n5, , , 124, 176, 225, 283, 290, 291n6 Art. 10, 105 Art. 14, 105 Art. 17, 105 Art. 22, 105 Art. 24, 105 Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs), 194, 195, R Racism, 4, 18, 93, 134, 183, 254 Ramos-Madrigal v. Mendiola Forestry Service, LLC, 83 Red Regional de Organizaciones Civiles para las Migraciones (RROCM), 166 Refugee Act, 24, 38, 50n33 Refugee Convention, 38 Refugees, 46, 98, 105, 107n1, 115, 144, 148, 161, 163, 166, 176, 195, 201, , 261, 290 Regional Conference on Migration, 93, 104, 181, 289 Regional Network of Civil Organizations on Migration (RNCOM), , 287 Rental Registration Ordinance (RRO), 228, 233n11 Repatriation, 92, 131, 136, 137, 161, 164 as repatriated, 130, 131, , 164 S Sanctuary Cities, 33, 40, 284, 286 Sanctuary Movement, 37 41, 191, 257, 261, 271, 275n13, 286 Secure Communities, 5, 10, 130 Secured Migrants, 150 Secure Fence Act of 2006, 10, 17, 25, 281 Shaughnessy v. Mezei, 27 Sin Fronteras, 101, 102, 166, 287 Sistema Nacional Para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia (DIF), see National System for Integral Family Development Slavery, 81, 82, 84, 101, 116, 120 Social and Labor Declaration (DSL), 177, 184n7 Sotomayor, Sonia, 232n6, 246 South America, South American Conference on Migration (CSM), South American Human Development Plan for Migration (PSDHM), 181, 182

7 INDEX 299 Southern Border Plan, see Frontera Sur Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), 12, 93, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 183, 185n9, 185n10, 289 Southern Plan, Southern Poverty Law Center, 101 Structural violence, 10, 101, 130, 132, 139, 270 Survival migrants, 1, 2, 5, 10, 12n1, , 144, 190, 281, 290, 291n7 Syrian refugees, 13n5, 50n34, 208, 209 T T Visa, 84 Temporary Protected Status, 132 Thanksmas, Theory of social membership, 242 Thirteenth Amendment, D Jobs, 101, 133 Torture, 101, 116, 120 freedom from torture, 105 prohibition against torture, 116, 120 risk of torture, 197 Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), 82, 83, 86 Transmigrant, 4, 8, 10, 11, 34, 35, 46, 91 93, 98, , 169n1, 283, 289, 290 Trujillo Protocol, 178 Trump, Donald, 2, 8, 13n5, 19, 25, 218, 219, 280 Tucson Samaritans, 191, , 269, 286 U Unauthorized immigration, 4, 19n1, 37, 38, 45, 47, 227, 255, 261, 263, 264, 273 as unauthorized migrants, 5 7, 12, 33, 41, 48n5, 93, 191, 218, 220, 231n1, 233n11 See also Irregular migration Undesirable migrants, 280 UN High Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHOHCHR), 119 UN-Human Rights Council 2014, 101 Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), 12, 93, , 184n5 United Nations High Commission for Human Rights (UNHCHR), 114 United Nations International Children s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), 105, 163, 168 United States v. Arizona, 43 United States v. Brignoni-Ponce, 28 United States v. Texas, 48n6, 66, 68n21, 282 V Vartelas v. Holder, 29 Vulnerable migrants, 3, 4, 98, 99, 281, 287 W War on drugs, 91, 94, 101, 107, 132, 152, 288 War on terror Washington Office for Latin America (WOLA), 139n1, 144, 162

8 300 INDEX Western Hemisphere exemption, 190, 289 Women migrants, 33, 92, 94, 95, 99, as victims of violence, 131, 169 gender-based violence, structural violence, 130, World Trade Organization (WTO), 122 X Xenophobia, 2, 4, 5, 9, 23, 25, 93, 129, 176, 183 Y Youth migration as unaccompanied, 34, 35, 46