The battle over language in the press Why Terminology matters in Journalism. Jessica Mariani University of Verona

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1 The battle over language in the press Why Terminology matters in Journalism Jessica Mariani University of

2 Academic References Key Issues Debate Jessica Mariani

3 1. Interdisciplinarity Journalism/ Communication Translation Terminology Jessica Mariani

4 Master in Learning and Communication in Multilingual Contexts University of Luxembourg COMMUNICATION (Companies, NGOs, Journalism) Clarity Accuracy Language MULTILINGUALISM (EU context) 24 official languages Jessica Mariani

5 2. Translation is the language of Europe U. Eco semiologist ( ) Jessica Mariani

6 Ph.D Program in Modern Foreign Languages, Literatures and Cultures - University of Verona Building a European Perspective in News Translation How translated information fows accross the EU Jessica Mariani

7 Interdisciplinary PhD Project Translation Studies Methodology Ethnography Ofcial Agreement with European Parliament Press Unit and TermCoord Journalism Studies Research Focus Role of translation in the information flow from EU Institutions to EU media and citizens Duration 3 Years

3. Ethnography in a nutshell Malinowski (1922), Levi Strauss (1955) Traditional anthropology and ethnographic work were originally related to studying foreign and exotic tribes Linguistic ethnography

8 3. Ethnography in a nutshell Malinowski (1922), Levi Strauss (1955) Traditional anthropology and ethnographic work were originally related to studying foreign and exotic tribes Linguistic ethnography Koskinen (2008) EU Translation: Method for contextualizing EU translation and understanding the cultural context in which EU translators work FIELDWORK: Observation practices, questionnaires,round tables, interviews Jessica Mariani

9 Translating Europe Forum 2015 Trans-editors common ground for journalists and translators Speaker: Jessica Mariani Contact:

News Translation 30 years of research Trans-editor Stetting, K. 1989 Trans-reporter Caimotto M.

10 News Translation 30 years of research Trans-editor Stetting, K Trans-reporter Caimotto M.C (University of Turin) Journalator van Doorslaer L (KU Leuven) Jessica Mariani

11 TS & Journalism Studies Bielsa & Bassnett (2008) Translation in Global News International of Warwick 23rd June 2006 Jessica Mariani

12 News Translation is identifed as a collective efort made by media professionals (Kang: 2007) Three-phase information fow process Institution/Organization Press Service Media Press Service Media Readership

13 4. Who is the News Translator? Journalists do not defne themselves as translators They usually identify themselves as INTERNATIONAL JOURNALISTS MULTILINGUAL JOURNALISTS Translator's activity invisible practice in newsrooms hardly ever reported automatic practice Interaction: journalists, translators, interpreters Jessica Mariani

14 Selection Addition Omission/Neutralisation Adaptation Explicitation Focalisation Recontextualization Jessica Mariani

16 Translator's version La crisi dei migranti è un problema anche dell America My Re-translation Migrant crisis is America's problem, too i paesi europei non stanno facendo abbastanza per aiutare chi afronta quei pericolosi viaggi nella speranza di trovare una vita migliore nel vecchio continente. My Re-translation European nations aren't doing more to help those making perilous journeys in the hope of a better life in the continent.

17 Source: Internazionale (Issue 1119, 11-17th sept 2015)

21 Migrant

22 Licia Corbolante: Terminologist - "Terminologia etc."

23 European Migration Network (EC)

24 Asylum Seeker

Oxford English Dictionary MIGRANT = one who moves, either temporarily or permanently, from one place, area, or country of residence to another REFUGEE = A person who has been forced to

25 Oxford English Dictionary MIGRANT = one who moves, either temporarily or permanently, from one place, area, or country of residence to another REFUGEE = A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster ASYLUM SEEKER = A person who has left their home country as a political refugee and is seeking asylum in another

26 Media Responsibility?

27 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

29 Data Journalism Project

33 Migration in the News A Study from the University of Oxford 58,000 UK newspaper articles ILLEGAL the most common descriptor for the word IMMIGRANTS and MIGRANTS FAILED the most common word associated with ASYLUM

35 Don Flynn: director of Migrants Rights Network "The term is dangerous. It's better to say irregular or undocumented migrants. Calling someone an illegal immigrant associates them with criminal behaviour, he adds. Zoe Grumbridge: Refugee Action "Once you've entered the UK and claimed asylum, you are not illegal. Even if your asylum claim is refused, you still can't be an illegal migrant." Other critics of the phrase say that it gives the impression that it's the person that is illegal rather than their actions.

ALIEN Alien was used regularly in the UK press before World War Two, says Panikos Panayi, professor of European history at De Montfort University.

36 ALIEN Alien was used regularly in the UK press before World War Two, says Panikos Panayi, professor of European history at De Montfort University. "The frst major immigration act [in the UK] was called the Aliens Act 1905," he says. But in the US, alien remains ofcial terminology for any person who is not a citizen or national

37 Why Researching News Translation? Translation strategies might mitigate or reinforce political or ideological tensions They are infuenced by ideologies and values upheld by the media Translation takes place across linguistic and socio-cultural patterns that can alter the semantics of words and provoke fact distortion Sapir (1956) Theory about linguistic diference: No two languages are ever sufciently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The words in which diferent societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with diferent labels attached

39 Push the botton!

41 Should Translation be visible in the Information fow? Should journalists be trained to translate?

44 4. Why is Terminology so important? UNDERSTAND TO BE UNDERSTOOD LANGUAGE REFLECTS SOCIAL CHANGE REDUCES MISUNDERSTANDINGS SPECIFIC LEXICON vs COMMON LEXICON It improves COMMUNICATION, especially in MULTILINGUAL CONTEXTS

47 Bibliografic References Basil, H. (1997). The Translator as Communicator. London:Routledge Bassnett, S. (2005). Bringing the news back home: Strategies of acculturation and foreignisation. Language and Intercultural Communication, 5(2), doi: / Bielsa, E., & Bassnett, S. (2009). Translation in global news. London: Routledge Blackedge, A. (2005). Discourse and Power in a Multilingual World. (Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 15) Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Conway, K. (2005). Assessing apparently equivalent translation in news media. Meta, 50(4). doi: /019834ar Fairclough, N. (2001). Language and Power. London: Longman. Kang, J.-H. (2007). Recontextualization of news discourse: A case study of translation of news discourse in North Korea. The Translator, 13(2), doi: /

48 Koskinen, K. (2008). Translating Institutions: an ethnographic study of EU translation. Manchester: St. Jerome Machill, M. (1998) Euronews: The frst European news channel as a case study for media industry development in Europe and for spectra of transnational journalism research. Media, Culture & Society, 20(3), Doi: / Richardson, J. E. (2010). Language and Journalism. London: Routledge Schafner, C., (2001), Translation and the EU. Meta (9), 4: Schafner, C. (2012a). Rethinking transediting. Meta, 57, doi: / ar

49 Contacts

Anna Ludwinek Eurofound (Dublin)

Anna Ludwinek Eurofound (Dublin) 04/10/2011 1 European Foundation (Eurofound) Established in 1975 First EU Agency (DG Employment & Social Affairs) Tripartite Board (Govs, employers, trade unions) To provide