National Model United Nations New York Conference B (13-17 April 2014)

Transcription

1 National Model United Nations New York Conference B (13-17 April 2014) Documentation of the Work of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

2 Committee Staff United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Director Assistant Director Chair Rapporteur Rubai Aurora Maximillian Jungmann Gilmar Queiros Jake Bartel Agenda I. Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected By Conflict and Natural Disaster II. Improving Public Health Systems for Refugees and Other Forcibly Displaced Persons III. Providing Humanitarian Assistance to Refugees from and Internally Displaced Persons in Somalia Resolutions adopted by the Committee Document Code Topic Vote UNHCR/RES/1 UNHCR/RES/2 UNHCR/RES/3 UNHCR/RES/4 UNHCR/RES/5 UNHCR/RES/6 UNHCR/RES/7 UNHCR/RES/8 UNHCR/RES/9 Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected By Conflict and Natural Disaster Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected By Conflict and Natural Disaster Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected By Conflict and Natural Disaster Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected By Conflict and Natural Disaster Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected By Conflict and Natural Disaster Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected By Conflict and Natural Disaster Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected By Conflict and Natural Disaster Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected By Conflict and Natural Disaster Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected By Conflict and Natural Disaster 44/6/15/7 63/0/2/7 37/7/21/7 29/17/19/7 49/4/12/7 43/9/13/7 36/13/16/7 49/6/10/7 51/8/6/7

3 Summary Report The Executive Committee of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) held its annual session to consider the following agenda items: I. Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected By Conflict and Natural Disaster II. Improving Public Health Systems for Refugees and Other Forcibly Displaced Persons III. Providing Humanitarian Assistance to Refugees from and Internally Displaced Person in Somalia. The Session was attended by 72 Member States. Only a few speeches were given prior to a vote for the adoption of the agenda. At its first meeting, UNHCR adopted the agenda in the following order: 1, 2, 3. On Monday there were many speeches focusing on Internally Displaced Persons (IDP). The topic for discussion revolved around safety, sanitation, medical treatment, and displaced persons abroad and domestic. Throughout the session, two working papers were submitted to the dais; one focusing on the definition of IDPs and one on the psychological impacts of displaced persons. By the beginning of the first session on Tuesday, the dais received 6 new working papers, thus having a total of 8 working papers for the topic. The papers covered topics from a variety of issues involving displaced populations affected by natural disaster. The specifics included dealing with psychological impact of displacement, the importance of IDPs, improving preparation and management of risks prior to a natural disaster, strengthening coordination between NGOs and IGOs, addressing issues of sexual and gender based violence, funding and implementation and more efficient use of current data. Multiple speeches on these topics were given in order to try to garner support for the respective working papers. By the end of the evening session on Tuesday, a total of 12 working papers had been submitted and were worked on by the dais. Speeches focused on expansion of the IDP definition as it pertains to natural disasters and focus on reinforcing the topics within each working paper. In the first session on Wednesday, two groups were working on merging their respective working papers as they had similar approaches to the topic. By the beginning of the final evening session, prior to entering voting procedure, 10 draft resolutions have been approved by the dais, including the two merged working papers. The topics of these draft resolution ranged from expanding definition of IDPs to further cooperation with NGOs, themes of reintegration, funding for programs, and managing and assessing situations prior to disasters Entering into voting procedure, draft resolution 1/5 had two unfriendly amendment, which both didn t pass during voting and draft resolutions 1/9 and 1/10 both had one friendly amendment. All draft resolutions passed, except for 1/7. The display of commitment towards working together and their passionate speeches shows the hard work this committee put forth. The committee s effort in addressing emergency response for displaced populations and the willingness to work together through mergers demonstrated its capability to work cooperatively within an international system.

4 Code: UNHCR/RES/1/1 Committee: Executive Committee of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Topic: Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected by Conflict and Natural Disaster The Executive Committee of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Considering that the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights approved on 10 December 1948 by the General Assembly have affimed the principle that human beings shall enjoy fundamental rights and freedoms without discrimination, Recalling Article 2 of the United Nations Charter, which respects state sovereignty and territorial integrity, Underlining the importance of providing effective emergency response to those displaced by conflict and/or natural disasters, Reaffirming the Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement which define Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) as persons, or group of persons, who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized state border, Underscoring the UNHCR s expertise in providing humanitarian assistance to refugees and IDPs, Considering that UNHCR has manifested its profound concern for IDPs in zones affected by conflict and endeavoured to ensure the widest possible exercise of the fundamental rights and freedoms, most recently in the Syrian Arab Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo, Taking into account that UNHCR has also demonstrated its profound concern for IDPs in zones affected by natural disasters, most recently in the Philippines in response to the devastation of the Typhoon Haiyan, Noting with concern that the number of IDPs worldwide has become greater than the number of refugees, Further recalling that natural disasters and climate change are among the main reasons of internal displacements, Considering the increasing number of refugees and IDPs resulting from environmental factors, such as natural disasters, including those associated with climate change, Considering that IDPs are among the most vulnerable people in the world, since they do not benefit from the rights granted to refugees by the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, Noting with regret that IDPs do not benefit from a documentation process granting them rights to aid, Further recalling the 2011 Nansen Principles, which conclude that natural disasters cause greater displacement than other factors, and the commitment made by the international community to recognize climate change as an increasingly significant cause of displacement, Recalling the General Assembly A/RES/66/165, calling upon states to provide durable solutions for providing resources and expertise to countries affected by conflict and/or natural disaster resulting in the displacement of populations, Cognizant of the efficacy of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the international legal protection of their symbols, Reaffirming Millennium Development Goal Eight, which strives to create global partnerships for development, Bearing in mind that technology and knowledge transfer is an important component of dealing with emergency situations,

5 Recalling previous successful public-private partnerships, Acknowledging the effective cooperation of governments with non-governmental organizations (NGOs), Recalling the successful regional cooperation of UNHCR with the European Union, such as the European Refugee Fund, 1. Recommends to the General Assembly of the United Nations the incorporation of IDPs into the current mandate of the UNHCR in states which accept or invite UNHCR to act accordingly; 2. Calls upon the General Assembly of the United Nations to include refugees and IDPs displaced by natural disasters into the UNHCR s mandate; 3. Suggests the creation of IDP centers to function as an emergency response to conflict and/or natural disaster; 4. Calls upon the international community to recognize the IDPs as being equally threatened and vulnerable as refugees; 5. Encourages the UNHCR Member States to adopt a registration system for IDPs; 6. Recommends the establishment of a population data management system for the registered IDPs to ascertain their location and living conditions, in order to best meet their needs and protect their rights; 7. Further invites UNHCR Member States and NGOs and Regional Government Organizations (RGOs) to work on strengthening cooperation through OCHA in order to provide effective and quick response to refugees and IDPs displaced by conflict and/or natural disaster utilizing: a. The Cluster Approach which designates a leading agency to provide direction and coordination to other UN bodies and affiliates emergency situations; b. Flash Appeals to quickly assess how to provide appropriate humanitarian aid so that all persons of concern are provided for; 8. Establishes cooperation of UNHCR with the United Nations Space Based Program for Emergency Response via regional cooperation of the Member States to improve the preparation for the occurrence of a natural disaster and subsequent response; 9. Encourages contributions from Member States, NGOs, public and private partners for the Nansen Initiative, focusing on better response systems to displacement caused by environmental factors; 10. Invites coordination of UNHCR s actions with the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in order to improve aid provision and distribution as an emergency response; 11. Further invites member states to form national ties with organizations such as the Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and non-governmental organizations, provided that, in cases of emergency, states can be efficient and organized to ensure the safety of persons of concern to the UNHCR; 12. Calls for stronger cooperation, to enable for technology and knowledge transfer in emergency situations, specifically through: a. Public-private partnerships, encouraging private enterprises to share their expertise, funding, skills training and other tools with public bodies; b. Cooperation of states with NGOs, exchanging ideas, data and other relevant information to encourage multi-sectoral communication and smoother implementation of tasks;

6 c. Sending of national experts from countries having experience of dealing with emergency responses to conflict and/or natural disaster to countries facing such problems to help them evaluate and deal with the emergency situation; d. Regional cooperation, for instance in the European Union and the African Union as well as South- South Cooperation to allow Member States to share best practices from their country.

7 Code: UNHCR/RES/1/2 Committee: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Topic: Advancing Emergency Health Response for Displaced Populations Affected by Natural Disaster The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Affirming the role and authority of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in assisting refugees and internally displaced persons around the world, Emphasizing that the primary objective of the UNHCR is to support displaced populations worldwide, which will be reflected in the distribution of the humanitarian aid, Respecting the importance of the protocols stated in the Secretary-General s Policy Committee s 2011 Decision (No. 2011/20) on Durable Solutions: Follow up to the Secretary-General s 2009 Report on Peacekeeping as well as the Preliminary Framework for Supporting a more coherent, predictable and effective response to the durable solutions needs of refugee returnees and internally displaced persons, Convinced that without the implementation of more efficient registration techniques, displaced populations will have limited access to humanitarian aid, especially in times of emergency, Stressing the importance of effective coordination between the various members of the international community when responding to emergencies, Expressing concern that the 10.5 million refugees and 17.7 million Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) (as of January 2013) around the world often lack sufficient and adequate government infrastructure and resources in refugee camps, as it is the responsibility of the international community to care for the victims of life-threatening crises occurring globally, Understanding humanitarian assistance should be provided with the consent of the affected country and based in the principles of sovereignty, non-intervention and self-determination of Member States, Valuing the Northeast Asian Peace and Cooperation Initiative, which has successfully created regional cooperation among states in Northeast Asia in response to natural disasters, while aiding in developing trust among the governments of this region to later address more controversial issues of conflict and security, Recognizing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states, everyone has a right to [ ] medical care and necessary social services, Deeply convinced that educating, and providing basic healthcare for, possible at-risk persons would be most beneficial when taking into account the intense effects of emergencies, such as natural disasters and conflict, Noting with satisfaction the efforts with regards to SGBV by UNHCR in Haiti through the United Nations Stabilization Program in Haiti (MINUSTAH) where IDPs are encouraged to discuss and report violations and concerns with regards to SGBV to UNHCR and UNDP officials, who then proactively work to reduce the risk of attacks in the geographical areas of the IDPs concern and work directly to assist victims throughout the process, Guided by Article 3 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR) which states: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person and understanding that the provisions of the UDHR apply to all persons, including displaced persons affected by conflict and natural disaster. 1. Recommends the following procedures to the High Commissioner for Refugees (hereafter known as the High Commissioner ) to coordinate emergency response plans and programs of the UNHCR; 2. Encourages enhanced coordination between Inter-Governmental Organizations (IGOs), Regional Governmental Organizations (RGOs), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), International Organizations (IOs), Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), and Member States in order to ease the financial and logistical burden on affected Member States when responding to emergency refugee crises with the following recommendations:

8 a. Outlining the direction of the initial emergency response logistics as follows: i. Recommending that any applicable RGOs be called for assistance in cooperation with UNHCR to direct and develop the initial emergency response logistics, as well as, ii. Incorporating any IOs applicable to the situation at hand be in the development of the initial response logistics, further, iii. Including Member State(s) involved in the initial crisis in all logistical decisions developed by the UNHCR, b. Applying the framework as defined in this resolution, i. Inviting all involved Member States, as well as Member States at risk of intake of refugees from the crisis in question, to participate in all discussions regarding the application of emergency response programs in their respective sovereign territories, ii. Encouraging any applicable UN body to participate in the application of the framework as defined in this resolution with regards to the crisis in question, iii. Further encouraging any applicable RGO bodies to participate in the application of the framework as defined in this resolution with regards to the crisis in question, iv. Recommending that applicable CSO and NGOs with UN Consultative Status under ECOSOC be included in the immediate application of the framework as defined in this resolution, v. Inviting the participation of ECOSOC, as necessary, in the application of the framework as defined in this resolution when the initial response is implemented with NGOs and CSOs without Consultative Status, c. Taking into account the possibility that if the affected Member State is unable to provide the resources expected, the High Commissioner would refer to the coordination allocations in Clause 2, sub-clauses a and b of this resolution; 3. Requests the High Commissioner provide an annual report regarding the status of emergency response programs implemented and administered by UNHCR, CSOs and NGOs with Consultative Status who have signed the Implementation Agreement, as well as programs administered by other UN bodies, to the Executive Committee (ExCom): a. Taking into account the possibility that if programs remain active for a time exceeding 5 years, reports should be provided every other year at that point, b. Reviewing the reports supplied by the High Commissioner, as well as any other applicable reports provided to UNHCR, should any potential instances of human rights violations be recognized, the information should be forwarded to the United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC), c. Recommending that UNHCR work to make necessary adjustments when report analyses suggest that a program may not be operating efficiently or effectively; 4. Endorses the creation and implementation of the Identification and Registration for Internally Displaced Persons in Stress (IRIS) program, which allows for the accurate registration and data collections regarding displaced populations, through: a. Partnering with IrisGuard to assign Biometric Iris Recognition Technology operators to facilitate the initial set up and use of the technology, b. Training displaced populations in management and use of Biometric Iris Registration Technology for registration purposes,

9 c. Implementing an added focus on the inclusion of displaced women, with the understanding that women are more resilient in crisis and post-crisis situations when provided with opportunities for leadership and decision-making roles, d. Focusing registration location along major transit routes, heavily populated areas, and already established refugee and IDP communities, e. Affirming the implementation and expansion of the IRIS program, as currently used in Jordan, will continue to be funded by the UNHCR through the Global Programmes Budget; 5. Designates the role of the lead coordinator when responding to emergencies by applying paragraph 21 of the 51st meeting of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner s Programme Standing Committee s report titled UNHCR s role in support of an enhanced humanitarian response for the protection of persons affected by natural disasters which states that: a. The advanced cluster approach only be applied after a Member State requests United Nations support, b. [Where] OHCHR is present with adequate capacity and expertise and UNHCR is not, OHCHR will [retain] the protection coordination role [ ] where these two elements are not present UNHCR will assume the role of leading and coordinating the protection cluster; 6. Calls upon affected States whose populations are in need of humanitarian assistance to facilitate the work of these organizations in cooperating with joint coordinated planning for humanitarian assistance, in particular the supply of food, shelter, and healthcare, by: a. Building partnerships between IGOs and NGOs to work with moral humanitarian motives to continue to make a significant contribution in supplementing national efforts, b. Requesting that the High Commissioner continue to make appropriate arrangements with interested NGOs to enable the NGOs to have more expeditious access, when necessary, to emergency relief capacities and supplies, including food reserves, emergency stockpiles and personnel, as well as logistical support; 7. Recognizes the magnitude and duration of many emergencies may be beyond the response capacity of many affected Member States, therefore necessitating international cooperation to address emergency situations and to strengthen the response capacity of affected countries through: a. Instituting the joint planning and coordination of humanitarian assistance among the various members of the international community to assist with emergency humanitarian assistance within affected states, b. Encouraging Member States in proximity to emergencies to participate closely with the affected countries in international efforts, with a view to facilitate the transit of humanitarian assistance, i. Incorporating community transportation into emergency response plans in order to utilize pre-existing local community based transportation system that assist at risk persons from specific communities to relocate to designated areas, ii. Establishing safety zones to designate regional areas tasked with the responsibility of providing safety and assistance to at-risk-persons during emergencies, c. Using the methods recommended in the cluster approach as designed by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA),

10 d. Utilizing the United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) Team as part of the international emergency response system of the OCHA which is capable of deployment within hours to affected States ensuring an effective rapid response; 8. Further encourages the expansion and implementation of programs such as the Northeast Asian Peace and Cooperation Initiative in specific regions to create natural disaster response coordination on regional levels around the world, by: a. Recommending the establishment of coordinated response networks among specific regions, such as the League of Arab States and the African Union, to allow governments of countries to share data and response plans for emergencies, b. Fostering trust between nations through coordination on non-controversial issues such as natural disaster response, c. Facilitating communication between nations through natural disaster coordination plans, which can later be utilized to also address conflict and security-related issues, which are typically heavier and more difficult to discuss; 9. Affirms the need to guarantee the access to free and immediate medical assistance, which involves psychological care and endorses partnerships with public and private medical personnel that volunteers to provide their assistance during natural disasters or conflict; 10. Encourages the expansion of the current UNHCR Age, Gender and Diversity (AGD) Approach Forward Plan , which currently includes integrating AGD into all UNHCR actions, while enhancing the protection of women and children with specific needs, all children including adolescents, and persons with specific needs, in addition to responding to child protection needs through the inclusion of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) into emergency response plans and training, by: a. Implementing educational components for women and children that address basic educational topics, skills and job training, and psychological counseling, b. Including equal educational opportunities for adult males, in addition to women and children, c. Recommending the implementation of host-community collaboration programs such as community based education programs and community recreational activities in order to encourage cooperation between refugees and their host community, d. Further recommending the availability of legal education resources in refugee and IDP communities which strive to inform displaced persons of the legal tools and services available to them during the process of their recovery, e. Recognizing UNHCR projects such as the Response to Vulnerability in Asylum, existing institutions such as the Refugee Convention of 1951, and nationalized programs of each Member State to encourage fair treatment of refugees can be sustained through continual efforts of the international community to support these projects and urge their implementation through enhanced social and economic programs.

11 Code: UNHCR/RES/1/3 Committee: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee Topic: Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected by Conflict and Natural Disaster The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Recognizing the importance for rapid emergency response which mitigate the impact of conflict and natural disasters on refugees, Noting further the significance of preemptive measures in handling displaced persons, Affirming the international right for every nation towards their state sovereignty and the prevention of intervention of foreign nations in one s interior affairs, Reaffirming the need for international cooperation as well as regional and national implementations of measures seeking to advance emergency response, Acknowledging the 1951 Convention of the Status of Refugees as wells as the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees and their mission of addressing the specific needs of refugees, Stresses the importance of sustainable action for the protection and prevention of displaced persons, Asserting that the current systems that deal with the relocation process of persons, who have been forcefully displaced, is ongoing, time consuming and inefficient, leading to funds being poorly allocated and deemed to be a heavy burden placed onto the infrastructure of certain Member States, Emphasizing the benefits, both culturally and economically, of relocating refugees to UNHCR safe zones or refugee camps within regional frameworks, Noting the success of the European Resettlement campaign in dealing with forcibly displaced persons, in changing asylum law in several EU member states and achieving 80% of the quota of refugees in 2013, 1. Adopts a formal policy for a response program and action plan for displaced people by natural disaster and conflict, through which: a. The UNHCR would be able to have a general overview of all the displaced people caused by conflict and natural disasters worldwide; b. The UNHCR would map out worldwide hotspots relating to displaced people and natural disasters; c. Classifies the type of disaster or conflict in each region worldwide; 2. Calls for the Preparation of UNHCR Emergency Bases worldwide, more specifically in hotspot areas, where natural disasters are prone to occur, accordingly; a. Red Zone: Areas at risk of natural disaster resulting in an increase of refugees; b. Yellow Zone: Areas with higher numbers of refugees in non-native state; c. Green Zone: Areas receiving small amounts of refugees; d. In the presence of conflict the Emergency Bases will be accessible for displaced persons as well; e. The Emergency Bases, provided by the UNHCR, will include, but not be limited to: i. Food Supplies; ii. Medical Supplies;

12 iii. Housing opportunities; f. The Emergency Bases will assist in: i. Increased long-term sustainable stabilization of the affected area; ii. Facilitating the return to pre-disaster or pre-conflict standards in the affected state; 3. Endorses the formation of UNHCR worldwide mobile response teams, which will be conflict and disaster specific, will be trained to assist with managing refugees and IDPs in the areas affected by conflict and natural disasters; 4. Promotes collaboration with respective governments in red zones and their regional neighbors through, but not limited to, manuals by means of cooperative development and training, which will: a. Frame how to engage with different conflicts and natural disasters in partnerships; b. Guide respective governments and local communities on how to implement solutions to refugee related issues; c. Emphasize how to facilitate logistics to accommodate refugees in and out of the emergency bases; d. Closely indicate how to coordinate the response teams worldwide according to the most affected countries; e. Providing security for displaced people under the aid of the UNHCR, in accordance with fellow respective governments; f. Providing and training monitoring personnel to help combat human rights violations within emergency response contexts, including but not limited to; i. Sexual and gender-based violence; ii. Violence against children; iii. Prevention of the delivery of food aid; 5. Further invites, in close collaboration, the WHO in providing healthcare supplies for displaced people affected by conflict and natural disaster, including, but not limited to: a. Vaccines; b. Medicine administered by trained personnel; 6. Trusts that the Monetary Funds shall be, if possible, provided through a four way source; a. The UNHCR; b. NGOs and community service programs; c. Collaborative fund of Public and Private finances; d. Regional and International cooperation; 7. Requests the introduction of educational programs, which will provide long-term refugees with skill sets that will enhance the chances of a source of income upon their return to their original homeland; 8. Fostering partnerships with the international community, member states and the civil society to assist the UNCHR in developing programs aimed at basic training and skills of displaced persons;

13 Expresses its concern regarding the psychological state of people affected by conflict or natural disasters, thus, suggests, in cooperation with the WHO; a. Setting a program which will help traumatized displaced persons to recover psychologically from the trauma and ensures that psychological syndromes will be treated efficiently, by providing psychological help for refugees in partnership with WHO and other NGOs; 10. Reiterates the vital nature of the work the UNHCR aims to accomplish in partnership with the European Resettlement Program, along with emerging resettlement plans in countries including, but not limited to, Japan, Paraguay, and Romania, as set out in the Progress Report on Resettlement published in the 54 th meeting of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner s Program on 5 th June 2012; 11. Further urges such programs to coordinate their efforts with the UNHCR in order to make the systems more transparent and cost-effective; 12. Calling upon UNHCR member states situated in neighboring nations to those prone to conflict and natural disaster, to facilitate the UNHCR alongside NGOs and other UN bodies, to implement temporary and sustainable refugee solutions such as refugee camps, health centers and alternative housing opportunities for refugees and IDP; 13. Encourages all donors to increase their support to the UNHCR and asks the respective partner nations for their full cooperation in the efforts to provide emergency response to refugees of conflict and natural disasters.

14 Code: UNHCR/RES/1/4 Committee: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Topic: Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected by Conflict and Natural Disaster The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Affirming the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of the Refugees, which highlights the importance of refugees rights to access shelter, food, medical care, social services and other assistance, Emphasizing the importance of being prepared to enable a safe return to the countries of origin for refugees and displaced persons affected by conflict and in particular by natural disaster when advancing emergency response for the safe return of refugees in both short-term and long-term situations, Recognizing that the safe return of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) after man-made conflicts have been resolved and after damages of natural disasters have been restored to natural order is important and essential to the reintegration process into their country of origin, Acknowledging the social and financial burden experienced by host countries to refugees by providing the basic human needs and protecting their human rights, Deeply concerned about the difficult social and economic integration of refugees into host countries and the resettlement of IDPs within a country, Cognizant of the distress associated with both leaving and returning to the nation of origin which include physical and mental health issues, Reaffirming the importance of protecting refugees and IDPs from discrimination, Aware that the current framework for refugees does not include persons displaced neither internally nor because of environmental factors, 1. Emphasizes the importance of not only aiding refugees and IDPs who are victims of human rights violations and violent conflicts, but also supporting and including those that are affected by natural disasters, including but not limited to those stemming from climate change; 2. Strongly encourages Member States to provide assistance and support to the nations receiving high amounts of refugees; 3. Calls upon the financial and political support of the Member States of the United Nations in assisting the stabilization of the national states or regions affected by conflict or natural disaster; 4. Further calls upon the Members States to provide financial and political support for the safe return and the reintegration of refugees into their nations of origin when it is considered safe and secure as the nations of origin are able to: a. Provide basic human needs, that include but are not limited to food, water, sanitation, shelter, clothing, and security; b. Protect human rights of refugees and especially women and children as defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948 and the Declaration of the Rights of the Child Adopted by UN General Assembly Resolution 1386 (XIV) of 10 December 1959 UN; c. Offer basic educational systems, health systems, and employment opportunities;

15 Reaffirms that the stability and security of the country of origin is to be determined by UN observers in collaboration with the nations of origin and the host nations of the refugees who will then grant safe passage for the refugees to return to their country of origin; 6. Strongly suggests extensive collaboration with non-governmental organizations, regional unions, national and international humanitarian organizations, and relevant clusters of the United Nations to provide aid to improve mental and physical health in the transition process of refugees returning to their countries of origin.

16 Code: UNHCR/RES/1/5 Committee: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Topic: Advancing Emergency Health Response for Displaced Populations Affected by Natural Disaster Executive Committee of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Emphasizing that refugee emergency is any situation in which the life or well-being of refugees will be threatened unless immediate and appropriate action is taken, and which demands an extraordinary response and exceptional measures, Fully aware of the increasing rate of natural disasters and the resulting displaced populations that are a priority of the UNHCR and its Member States, Recognizing that public health initiatives are more effective when done on a community level, Noting with deep regret that 2.6 billion people lack access to water sanitation systems, 3.4 million die from waterrelated diseases, and 780 million people lack access to acceptable drinking water, Recalling the UNHCR Malaria Strategic Plan, which aims to combat the spread of malaria among displaced populations, particularly to the increasingly susceptible groups of women, children, and the malnourished, Calling attention to the Five Rome Principles of Food Security, which call for direct action to immediately tackle hunger for the most vulnerable, specifically displaced persons, Acknowledging the impact of the International Rescue Committee s efforts globally, which reaches 13,000,000 displaced persons and especially seeks to aid the physical health of women and children, Recognizing the necessity for effective and efficient emergency response for refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) displaced by natural disaster, Conscious of emergency-induced social problems resulting from displacement, including but not limited to family separation, destruction of community structures and resources, Deeply concerned for possible long-term psychological distress, including but not limited to non-pathological distress, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorders, Aware of the importance and benefits of swift reactive mental health initiatives in mitigating psychological trauma, Acknowledging that certain age groups have been shown to be at increased risk of psychosocial problems in emergency situations, Cognizant of the need to work with local partner and nongovernmental organizations in the provision of humanitarian assistance, particularly psychological health services, Guided by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings, which seek to protect and improve the psychological well-being of persons of concern to the UNHCR during and immediately following an emergency, Reaffirming cooperation between UNHCR, other UN organs, and international humanitarian organizations in the provision and distribution of financial, technical, and humanitarian assistance, as in the joint UNHCR-UNICEF Ending Child Hunger and Under-Nutrition Initiative or UNHCR partnership with the International Refugee Committee (IRC), 1. Recommends the establishment of the 3-C s Program facilitated by UNHCR with the main purpose of improving refugees and IDPs condition through sensitization of the local population in the host country through:

17 a. Conscience: raising awareness in the host countries to ensure refugees and IDPs access to mental health services for severe trauma suffered from displacement through: i. Counseling sessions administered by local school teachers and spiritual, religious and other community leaders to be held in their places of operation; ii. Workshops on the relationship between climate change, natural disasters, human displacement, and consequences for the displaced; b. Culture: promote the benefits of cultural diversity, thus protecting the displaced persons cultural heritage from stigmatization and discrimination, and encourage coexistence between the local and displaced populations, administered by existing local and regional non-governmental organizations; c. Competence: supporting IDPs and refugees integration in a host environment through: i. Basic job training and microcredit program opportunities administered by regional banks; iii. Seminars on the host environment, including discussions on the local culture, customs, and location of and access to resources; 2. Endorses the creation of a mentoring program between those previously displaced and those newly displaced following an emergency via: a. Location of previously displaced persons with the help of local NGOs in cooperation with the government; b. Ensuring the previously displaced persons availability to participate immediately following an emergency; c. Sharing and transfer of experience and advice from previously to newly displaced persons; 3. Suggests local partners and other nongovernmental organizations specializing in psychological health services to provide counseling and other services to refugees and IDPs; 4. Proposes providing current volunteers with specialized knowledge regarding pre-flight, flight and resettlement stages among the displaced, including burdened parents, disabled individuals, children and the elderly; 5. Coordinates mental health programs for children, specifically, that focus on the ways in which children experience and recover from trauma, paying special attention to: a. Children and adolescents without stable caretakers who are at greatest risk of trauma associated with displacement and consequent behavioral problems; b. Minors lack of legal representation, specifically those in detention centers, which prevents access to mental health care essential to their well-being; 6. Welcomes the utilization of multilingual Displaced Persons in Refugee and IDP camps and centers to act as translators for Displaced Persons in need of psychological help and psychologists operating on-site; 7. Recommends the adoption of Humanitarian Assistance in Natural Disasters (HAND) Initiatives, a four-part initiative that aims to provide efficient emergency public health systems in post natural disaster situations for consenting States; 8. Requests that the High Commissioner work in conjunction with private organizations dedicated to the provision of safe drinking water and personal sanitation services with a UN focus by donating personal water purification straws and sanitary bags following natural disaster to displaced populations by:

18 a. Authorizing selected displaced persons, with a strong emphasis on women involvement, to train future displaced populations on use and maintenance of products; b. Designating approved MNCs to package, distribute, and deliver products in registration centers, refugee camps, and regional stocks for emergency use; 9. Continues to expand the UNHCR Nothing But Nets program to continue to lower the amount of cases of malaria among displaced populations following natural disasters by: a. Requesting an infrastructure of response personnel that is prepared to respond to probable outbreaks of malaria in conditions of displacement, including the administration of treatment supplies, mobile staff, and education regarding preventive action; b. Encouraging an equity-based approach to administering health services among the forcibly displaced; 10. Encourages local governments, regional bodies, and NGOs to coordinate efforts in ensuring displaced persons have access to adequate nutrition as soon as possible following natural disasters by: a. Promoting efforts to provide food rations from farming programs that are locally and environmentally conscious, particularly during seasons of food insecurity; b. Supporting efforts to develop protection resources for the distribution of food and voucher deliveries; c. Maintaining systems of nutritional survey data to deliver the appropriate benefits; 11. Endorses cooperation with NGOs to provide emergency health services for displaced persons following natural disasters, with a special focus on medical care of women and families by: a. Establishing emergency community reproductive health care centers, including pre- and post-natal and family care units; b. Deploying mobile medical units to respond to emergency situations.

19 Code: UNHCR/RES/1/6 Committee: The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Topic: Advancing Emergency Response for Displaced Populations Affected by Conflict and Natural Disaster The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Reiterating its appreciation for the relentless work of the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees in dealing with crises associated with forced displacement and refugees, Expressing its sincere gratitude for former monetary contributions of ExCom member states, private donors and other member of the wider community, Alarmed by the ever proliferating figures of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) caused by conflict and natural disaster, Recalling A/RES/66/133 that emphasises the state s primary responsibility to protect refugees and the importance of active international solidarity cooperation, Asserting the importance of the UNHCR s work to provide fundamental human rights to those persons forcibly displaced by both conflict and natural disaster, specifically with reference to General Assembly Resolution A/RES/46/182 which states that Humanitarian assistance is of cardinal importance for the victims of natural disasters and other emergencies, Recalling the establishment of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) in collaboration with the United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator, as set out in General Assembly Resolution A/RES/46/182, and the subsequent policy guide for natural disaster prevention, preparedness and how to provide relief for those who have refugees who have suffered forced displacement due to natural disasters, Recognizing the need for increased contributions from the ExCom members, NGOs and the wider public sector in the UNHCR budget to allow the committee to entirely fulfil its mandate for the protection of those forcibly displaced persons who have been affected by both conflict and natural disaster, Noting with concern that the expenditure of the UNHCR in 2013 reached $5.2 billion (USD), whereas contributions to the UNHCR in the same year only reached the level of $2.9 billion (USD), Regrets that major UNHCR engagements within Syria, Mali and Lebanon were only able to be partially funded, forcing the committee to launch flash appeals in order to raise the amount necessary to continue its vital work, 1. Encourages Member States to enact and enforce domestic policies that address displacement, in a nondiscriminatory way, and encourages the international community, and national actors, to provide financial support and cooperation; 2. Recognizes the need for Member States to work collectively, and in collaboration with NGOs to better facilitate the successful implementation of this committee s mandate to protect the inalienable human rights of those persons who have been forcibly displaced worldwide; 3. Invites civil society, private sector companies, non-governmental organizations and other private donors to continue to increase their monetary support to the budget of the UNHCR; 4. Recommends that both member and donor states work collectively in order to meet the increasing financial requirements of the UNHCR, through either monetary contributions where possible, or donations in kind when member states cannot provide economic assistance; 5. Further requests the continuation of Global Reports emitted annually by UNHCR, assessing global needs associated with forced displacement, in order to guarantee basic human rights to those peoples affected by such issues;

20 Further encourages the development of UNHCR as a more recognized brand name through UNHCR s Private Sector and Public Affairs Service (PSPA) by: a. Taking the successful model of UNICEF as a guideline to develop a campaign strategy hoping to increase non-state contributions using UNICEFs existing market research as a fundraising framework, taking into consideration the following trends such as: i. The increased economic pressure on official development assistance coming from traditional donor governments; ii. The growing importance of the private sector in development, adding new actors and new aid mechanisms; iii. The increased number of professional non-for-profit-organizations as competitors; iv. The rising demand for the spending of UNHCRs funds to be more cost-effective, transparent and with greater value for money; v. The need to increase the UNHCRs digital engagement to fully exploit digital channels and social media so to allow for greater immediacy, transparency, relevance and personalization; 7. Calling upon the UNHCRs Private Sector Fundraising Service (PSFR) to further promote donations from NGOs, civil societies and international corporations, taking into account recent successful examples such as the Care and Aid Foundation, of whom donated $2, million in 2012, the Diana Princess of Wales Foundation with contributions of more than $100,000 in 2012 and the IKEA Foundation which donated over $40 Million in order to assist nations in their goals to provide for forcibly displaced people.