KENYA. Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan

Transcription

1 KENYA Women, children and donkeys on the arid plains at the feet of the Mogila mountains in Turkana, northern Kenya. Gwenn Dubourthoumieu, IRIN, July 2011 Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan 2013

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3 Participants in 2013 Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan A Action Against Hunger, Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development C Caritas Switzerland, Centre for Human Rights and Governance, Centre for the Poor International, Christian Aid, Concern Worldwide, Cooperazione Internazionale - COOPI D Danchurchaid, Deutsche Welthungerhilfe e.v. (German Agro Action), Development Initiatives Access Link F Finnchurchaid, Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food for the Hungry G GOAL H HelpAge International I International Labour Organization, International Medical Corps, International Organization for Migration, International Rescue Committee, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Africa, Islamic Relief Worldwide K Kenyan Red Cross Society L Lay Volunteers International Association M Medical Emergency Relief International, Mercy USA for Aid and Development, Mubarak for Relief and Development Organization N Northern Kenya Caucus, Norwegian Refugee Council O Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Okoa Mtoto Initiative Kenya P Pastoralists Against Hunger, Plan International R RedR UK, Refugee Consortium of Kenya S Samaritan's Purse, Save the Children, Southern Aid T Terre Des Hommes U United Nations Children's Fund, United Nations Dept of Safety and Security, United Nations Development Fund for Women, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Population Fund V Vétérinaires sans Frontières (Germany) W World Cares Association, World Concern Development Organisation, World Food Programme, World Health Organization, World Vision International, World Vision Kenya Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available on Full project details, continually updated, can be viewed, downloaded and printed from

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SUMMARY... 1 HUMANITARIAN DASHBOARD... 3 Table I: 2013 Requirements per sector... 5 Table II: 2013 Requirements per priority level... 5 Table III: 2013 Requirements per organization IN REVIEW... 8 Achievement of 2012 strategic objectives and lessons learned... 8 Review of humanitarian funding NEEDS ANALYSIS Scope of the crisis and number of people in need THE 2013 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN Planning scenario The humanitarian strategy and strategic objectives Strategic objectives and indicators for Criteria for selection and prioritization of projects Sector response plans Agriculture and Livestock Coordination Education Food Assistance Health Multi-Sector for Refugees Nutrition Protection Shelter and Non-Food Items Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Roles, responsibilities and linkages Cross-cutting issues ANNEX I: 3W KENYA MAPS ANNEX II: LIST OF PROJECTS Table IV: List of Projects (grouped by sector) Table V: Requirements per gender marker score ANNEX III: NEEDS ASSESSMENT REFERENCE LIST ANNEX IV: DONOR RESPONSE TO THE 2012 APPEAL Table VI: Requirements and funding per sector Table VII: Requirements and funding per priority level Table VIII: Requirements and funding per organisation Table IX: Total funding per donor to projects listed in the Appeal Table X: Non-Appeal funding per IASC standard sector Table XI: Total humanitarian funding per donor (Appeal plus other) ANNEX V: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS iv

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6 1. SUMMARY Kenya continues to experience humanitarian emergencies linked to natural disasters such as drought and floods, ethno-political and resource-based conflicts, and outbreaks of human and livestock diseases. However, the 2011 short-rains and 2012 long-rains seasons brought relief to protracted drought conditions. This reduced the number of food-insecure people from 3.75 million at the beginning of the year to 2.1 million as of October. It is expected that the current short-rains season will further improve foodsecurity conditions and reduce the foodinsecure population. Nutrition surveys carried out in Arid and Semi-Arid Land (ASAL) areas in 2012 also reflect this improvement, showing significantly reduced malnutrition levels in some ASAL counties (Turkana, Mandera, Moyale and Kajiado) Kenya EHRP: Key parameters Planning and budgeting horizon Key milestones in 2013 Target beneficiaries Total funding requested Funding requested per beneficiary January December 2013 January-February: pre-election period 4 March: general elections March-May: long-rains season October-December: Short-rains season 1,981,000 targeted food-insecure population 673,788 targeted refugees Total: 2,654,788 US$743 million $280 The expected caseload of children under age 5 suffering from acute malnutrition has declined from 385,000 in January 2012 to 300,000 as of October However, the situation in Wajir County and Mandera East has not improved; these counties account for 75,644 (25%) of expected caseloads. As the March 2013 elections draw near, the risk of increased inter-communal violence is a key concern. In 2012, more than 80,000 people have been displaced to date by inter-communal violence including in Moyale, Tana Delta, Isiolo, Mandera and Wajir. In addition, attacks on schools have become an emerging issue, confirmed in an assessment by the Ministry of Education through the Education Sector and in the findings of the district steering group in Isiolo. Between November 2011 and October 2012, varied incidents of violence in Isiolo, Moyale and Tana delta districts disrupted learning in schools, affecting at least 6,000 pupils and displacing communities. The situation in Somalia and South Sudan continues to influence the refugee dynamics across the borders into Kenya where 673,788 refugees are hosted in the Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps and in Nairobi. The Kenya military offensive into Somalia began over a year ago and has now been incorporated into the AMISOM mission to pursue Al-Shabaab militants. This military operation has caused ongoing insecurity in north-eastern Kenya with numerous improvisedexplosive-device and grenade attacks, including in and around Dadaab. It has also hampered humanitarian access. Despite these challenges, Kenya is making impressive progress towards consolidating the gains of humanitarian investment and creating an enabling environment to link emergency assistance to longer-term development programming. Through its Vision 2030 Policy, the Government continues to lay the foundations for longer-term recovery and development by strengthening its 1

7 key structures and institutional capacity. This is providing a critical opportunity for humanitarian and development partners to participate in this process and help shape strategic planning. In addition, the formation of the county structures in line with Kenya s new constitution is giving impetus to coordinated engagement at the sub-national level. Partners are also making sustained efforts to align with other national policies and initiatives such as the Ending Drought Emergencies campaign, the newly passed IDP bill and policy, and the draft disaster risk management policy. The Kenya Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan and multiyear strategy has also provided the opportunity and mechanism for stakeholders to not only plan responses to immediate acute needs, but also integrate resilience in humanitarian programming. This has helped build national and local capacity for emergency preparedness and response marks the end of the multi-year strategy and the transition to longer-term programming through the engagement of development frameworks. The 2013 Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan comprises 116 projects from more than 50 organizations. It requests US$743 million for humanitarian action. 1 1 All dollar signs in this document denote United States dollars. Funding for this appeal should be reported to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS, fts@un.org), which will display its requirements and funding on the current appeals page. 2

8 HUMANITARIAN DASHBOARD Crisis Description Strategic Objectives Drivers of the crisis: Conflict and insecurity: inter-communal ethnic tensions, political violence, pending resettlement of internally displaced populations, competition for scarce resources and Kenya s military intervention in Somalia Food Security: Pastoral and marginal agricultural communities in ASALs are almost completely dependent on rains to sustain their livelihoods and are therefore vulnerable to erratic rains and drought. Food-security improvements could be underminded by persistently above-average maize prices, flooding during the short-rains season, and water-borne and vector-borne livestock diseases that can accompany above-average rains. Refugees: Conflict and food insecurity in Somalia continue to bring in new refugees in Kenya. Needs Profile: Conflict and Insecurity: For planning purposes, the figure of 100, ,000 potential caseload of affected peoplehas been proposed for election preparedness. Food Security: the food-insecure population is estimated at 2.1 million people. Baseline Population (World Bank, 2011) GNI per capita (World Bank, 2011, $. Atlas method) Percentage of population living on less than $1.25 per day (World Bank, 2011) Life expectancy (World Bank, 2011) Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births (World Bank, 2011) Mortality rate adult male per 1,000* (World Bank, 2011) Mortality rate adult female* (World Bank, 2011) Percentage of population with access to an improved drinking water source (World Bank, 2010) 41.6 million $ % 57 years % Human Development Index * the probability of dying between the ages of The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable people affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through life-saving assistance. 2. Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters, and lessened chronic vulnerability by means of DRR and early-recovery approaches. 3. Increased commitment on the part of the Government of Kenya and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and provide durable solutions. People in need and targeted OVERALL CASELOAD 2.8 million affected people Source: UNHCR, WFP DISPLACEMENT 673,788 Refugees Source: UNHCR FOOD SECURITY 2.1 million food-insecure people Source: WFP, UNICEF Funding 2.7 million targeted by humanitarian partners 463,788 refugees in Dadaab 300,000 GAM cases (in ASAL and marginal areas) 2013 REQUIREMENTS: $743 million 2012 REQUIREMENTS: $796 million Funded Unmet 73% 96% of affected people targeted 145,000 refugees in Kakuma 50,000 SAM cases (in ASAL and marginal areas) 3

9 KENYA 2013 Planning figures Number of people affected and targeted by end of 2013 Agriculture and Livestock Health WASH Food Assistance Nutrition In need Targeted end year 1,836 2,100 1,980 2,077 (in thousands) 2,250 2,250 2,500 2,882 3,620 Funding requirements (in million US$) 4, Multi-sector Shelter and NFI Education Protection Results achieved in 2012 Number of people affected, targeted and reached during 2012 (in thousands) Affected Targeted Reached % funded Health 5,000 7,500 7,500 64% Agriculture and Livestock 1,035 2,275 4,600 25% Food Aid 2,800 3,750 3,750 95% WASH 1,580 2,548 3,750 10% Nutrition ,962 50% Multi-Sector ,087 70% Education % Protection % 4

10 Table I: 2013 Requirements per sector Kenya Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan 2013 as of 15 November 2012 Sector Requirements ($) AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK 25,920,776 COORDINATION 4,032,356 EARLY RECOVERY 19,283,395 EDUCATION 4,150,267 FOOD ASSISTANCE 136,120,596 HEALTH 15,625,091 MULTI-SECTOR ASSISTANCE TO REFUGEES 433,301,840 NUTRITION 50,710,861 PROTECTION 10,233,095 SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS 14,899,486 WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE 29,268,216 Grand Total 743,545,979 Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by appealing organizations. Table II: 2013 Requirements per priority level Kenya Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan 2013 as of 15 November 2012 Priority Requirements ($) HIGH 719,583,698 MEDIUM 23,962,281 Grand Total 743,545,979 Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by appealing organizations. 5

11 Table III: 2013 Requirements per organization Kenya Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan 2013 as of 15 November 2012 Appealing Organization Requirements ($) ACF 3,585,175 ACTED 8,653,642 Caritas Switzerland 2,329,229 Chr. Aid 1,808,300 CHRiG 355,000 COOPI 3,432,401 CPI 298,132 CW 727,751 DanChurchAid/DCA 500,000 DIAL 1,399,960 DWHH 807,981 FAO 12,096,000 FH 850,000 Finnchurchaid 331,700 GOAL 947,220 HelpAge International 668,475 ILO 12,840,000 IMC 2,094,149 IOM 35,183,776 IRC 2,000,000 IRW 799,611 Kenya RC 6,185,749 LVIA 390,250 MERCY - USA 4,832,089 MERLIN 2,460,662 MURDO 365,596 NORKENYA 1,020,758 NRC 3,209,855 OCHA 1,916,326 OMIK 185,535 PAH 161,834 6

12 Appealing Organization Requirements ($) Plan 413,228 RCK 285,000 RedR UK 315,150 Samaritan's Purse 3,148,168 SC 351,200 Southern Aid 754,000 Terre des Hommes 5,498,000 UNDP 2,181,017 UNDSS 800,880 UNESCO 2,887,500 UNFPA 1,350,000 UNHCR 251,587,153 UNICEF 39,860,035 UNIFEM 1,533,667 UNISDR AFRICA 1,000,000 VSF (Germany) 650,000 WCA 328,245 WCDO 2,598,275 WFP 300,470,667 WHO 9,571,190 WVI 725,297 WVK 4,800,151 Grand Total: 743,545,979 Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by appealing organizations. 7

13 IN REVIEW Achievement of 2012 strategic objectives and lessons learned Strategic objective #1 The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable people affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through life-saving assistance and protection as per national and international standards. FOOD NUTRITION Indicators Targets Sector achievements as of Oct % of targeted men, women, boys and girls receiving timely distributions (GFD). Adequate food consumption score (FCS) for 80% of GFD beneficiaries; % of women, boys and girls receiving timely distributions (blanket supplementary feeding programme / BSFP). Under-five mortality rate in highly vulnerable disasteraffected districts. Percentage of admitted moderately malnourished PLW and children under five receiving treatment rations. Monthly and timely relief distributions of food or cash to 2.67 million drought-affected targeted beneficiaries between the months of August 2011 and February 2012 (100%). 80% of GFD beneficiaries have adequate FCS. Monthly distributions of fortified foods to 623,000 children under five and pregnant or lactating women (PLW) between August 2011 and March 2012 (100%). Baseline rates: Turkana NE 2.12% Turkana South 1.14% Turkana NW 3.24% Turkana Central 0.40% Mandera West 0.82% Mandera Central 0.83% Mandera East/North 0.83% Wajir West/North 1.15% Wajir East 0.17% Marsabit (small-scale) 0.0% Marsabit -0.22% Wajir South 0.2% Monthly distributions for the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition through provision of fortified foods up to 100,000 admitted children under five and PLW. 83% of food distributed through general food distribution (GFD) and foodfor-assets (FFA). On average 84% of the 2.2 million beneficiaries targeted were reached by July Turkana North 1.18% Turkana South 0.98% Turkana West 1.18% Turkana Central 1.27% Mandera West 0.67% Mandera Central 0.22% Mandera East/North 0.8% Wajir West/North 1.0% Wajir East West Pokot 0.58% Mwingi 1.95% Meru North Isiolo 0.62% Kitui 1.07% Kwale 0.45% Laikipia 0.40% 8

14 Indicators Targets Sector achievements as of Oct Percentage of children under five with GAM in highly vulnerable disaster-affected districts. Percentage of children under five with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in highly vulnerable disasteraffected districts. EDUCATION Increase access to quality education for all school-age boys and girls in emergencyprone areas. Refugee response: Food Assistance and Nutrition All refugees receive adequate and appropriate food to meet the minimum nutritional requirements and with nutrition services Baseline rates: Turkana NE 37.4% Turkana South 33.5% Turkana NW 27.8% Turkana Central 24.4% Mandera West 32.6% Mandera Central 27.5% Mandera East/North 26.9% Wajir West/North % Wajir East 22.8% Marsabit (small-scale) 22.7% Marsabit 27.1% Wajir South 28.5% Garbatulla (small-scale) 21.6% Baseline rates: Turkana NE 9.40% Turkana South 6.80% Turkana NW 6.00% Turkana Central 4.5% Mandera West 8.50% Mandera Central 3.40% Mandera East/North 5.60% Wajir West/North 6.80% Wajir East 4.3% Marsabit (small-scale) 4.00% Marsabit 5.0% Wajir South 4.5% Garbatulla (small-scale) 4.3% Turkana North 15.3% Turkana South 17.1% Turkana West 14.3% Turkana Central 11.6% Mandera West 16.2% Mandera Central 17.9% Mandera East/North 15.9% Wajir West/North % West Pokot 12.3% Marsabit 13.4% Wajir South 23.1% Garbatulla (surveillance) 14.5% Moyale 7.4% Mwingi 2.8% Meru North 7.8% Isiolo 11% Kitui -4.7% Kwale 9.1% Laikipia 12.8% (nutrition surveys from January to October 2012) Turkana North 2.3% Turkana South 4.2% Turkana West 2.1% Turkana Central 0.7% Mandera West 3.5% Mandera Central 3.4% Mandera East/North 2.2% Wajir West/North 2.3% West Pokot 12.3% Marsabit 2.7% Wajir South 4.6% Garbatulla surveillance 2.3% Moyale 1.4% Mwingi 3.4% Meru North 1.2% Isiolo 11% Kajiado 0.6% Kitui 1.1% Kwale 2.7% Laikipia 2.3% (nutrition surveys from January to October 2012) 399,412 pupils 1,132,305 *This number includes 826,599 pupils in feeding programmes of WFP. All refugees 100% of refugees received 2100 kcal per person per day. 100% of children under five and expectant and nursing mothers received fortified food. Prevalence of acute malnutrition amongst children 9

15 Indicators Targets Sector achievements as of Oct including integrated management of acute malnutrition (IMAM) to address and reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Refugee response: WASH All refugees have access to safe, adequate, portable and clean water, and adequate and secure sanitation facilities; all refugees practice best hygiene practices. Refugee response: Health All refugees have access to basic health care Refugees mental wellbeing is strengthened through psycho-social assistance and counselling. Refugee response: Protection All refugees are legally protected in accordance with Kenyan and international standards, laws and jurisprudence. New arrivals are received according to established protection procedures and standards. Refugee children, women and other vulnerable people are protected from sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). All refugees vulnerable to human trafficking are protected. under five: 7%. Crude mortality rate: 0.2/1,000/month. Crude mortality rate of children under five: 0.6/1,000/month. All refugees 100% refugees in camps have access to adequate. water and sanitation services with litres per person per day, one communal latrine per 20 people. Only 30% of refugees have access to family latrines 100% of refugees received 250gr soap per person/month. 30% of women received sanitary materials. All refugees All refugees 100% of refugees have access to primary health care services. 100% of refugees have access to secondary and tertiary health care services. The crude mortality rate is 0.2/1000/ month; infant mortality rate is 0.5 deaths per 1,000 live births; and neonatal mortality rate is 4.8 per 1,000 live births. Zero refoulement 98% of refugees registered with minimum set of data All refugees and asylum seekers registered individually. 100% of known SGBV survivors received adequate support including legal assistance, clinical care, psycho-social and material support. 100% of refugees have access to individual documentation. 450 best interest determinations for unaccompanied minors carried out. 10

16 Indicators Targets Sector achievements as of Oct Refugee response: Education All refugees of schoolgoing age have access to quality basic education. Out-of-school refugee children have access to alternative education programmes. Refugee response: Shelter and NFI All refugees have adequate, appropriate and secure shelter All refugee households are provided with a shelter kit. All refugees 64% of school age children have access to quality basic education. Only some 5% out-of-school youth enrolled in vocational training. All refugees 30% of refugees have adequate shelters. 100% of new arrivals provided with emergency shelters. 5,000 shelter units distributed/ constructed. Refugee response: Camp management Refugee camps are organized in a systematic, wellstructured and wellcoordinated manner for increased access, safety and efficiency. Refugee response: Environmental protection and livelihoods support Natural resources and shared environment protected. Level of self-reliance and livelihoods improved. Refugee response: Durable solutions At least 10,000 refugees are resettled in designated resettlement countries. All camps Environmental protection strategy developed and implemented 50% women participation in camp leadership/management structures in all camps. 90% of camp coordination mechanisms working effectively km² of green belts (natural regeneration of trees) maintained. Over 200,000 tree seedlings have been planted in the refugee settlement sites and in host communities areas. 3% of the refugee population aged between years engaged in livelihoods activities. 2.5% of the population benefited from agencies livelihoods intervention in camps. 10,000 refugees resettled 1,542 refugees have been resettled. 5,721 cases submitted to recipient countries for resettlement. 11

17 Progress towards objective 1 and challenges: Coordination Progress has been noted in a number of key areas. As a result of findings of the Real-Time Evaluation and other lessons-learned activities, the priority areas for strengthening coordination in 2012 included improved support to and links with coordination structures at sub-national level; better integration of cross-cutting issues; and establishment of a multi-sector needs-assessment framework for response to sudden-onset emergencies. At sub-national level, support to sectorspecific coordination and inter-sector coordination has progressed. This has included a number of consultations and follow-up activities to identify and address areas for development, issue specific trainings (gender and HIV/AIDS), and more frequent and systematic interaction between national and sub-national structures. Additional opportunities for further strengthening are also presented through the establishment of the county structures. In the area of integration of crosscutting issues, the formation of an inter-sector working group has contributed to support the sectors and the inter-agency preparedness and response planning by providing technical guidance in a number of key cross-cutting areas. This included support to trainings, support to the Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan (EHRP) process and sector-specific briefings and orientations. In 2012, partners have also worked together to develop a multi-sector rapid-assessment tool for use in sudden-onset emergencies. The initial phase of the process is closely linked with contingency planning for elections in order to facilitate a common approach to initial assessments around agreed information parameters. However, it is expected that following the initial phase the tool will be adapted for use in a variety of sudden-onset situations. Food Assistance For the drought operation, WFP s food distributions in January improved substantially, with 83% of food distributed through GFD and FFA. On average, 84% of the 2.2 million beneficiaries targeted were reached by July % of 43,800 severely malnourished people and 41% of the 136,360 moderately malnourished children under age 5 five received treatment (January-July 2012). Within the first half of the year, the Food Assistance Working Group was activated to improve the coordination of emergency and recovery in-kind and cash food-assistance activities, targeting people in need in ASAL regions of Kenya. 69% of the target population (1.3 million people) have accessed at least 7.5 litres of water per person per day, while 247,606 (16%) of the target population were reached with hygienepromotion interventions. Nutrition Involvement of the Ministry of Public Health & Sanitation (MOPHS) and Ministry of Medical Services (MOMS) in high-impact nutrition interventions (HINI) implementation (national and provincial sensitization meetings in the pilot districts of Isiolo, Samburu and Marsabit and subsequent sensitization and roll-out to all ASALs districts have contributed to an increased number of health facilities offering a full package of HINI services. This enabled greater access of services by beneficiaries. There has been a significant reduction in global acute malnutrition (GAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) levels during the year, with major improvements in some areas in selected ASALs (Turkana, Mandera, Moyale and Kajiado) mainly attributed to the access of the HINI coupled with favourable food-security status and provision of food and nonfood services. The acute malnutrition performance indicators were above the SPHERE 12

18 standards. Some of the challenges noted include cultural practices hindering the uptake of health and nutrition services, health workers low motivation to provide nutrition services and a heavy workload that constrains provision of quality services. Ineffective distribution systems and lack of tracking systems for micronutrient commodities lead to frequent pipeline breaks, especially for the iron folate supply. WASH A total of 1,580,826 people (81% of the target population) had access to at least 7.5 litres of water per person per day, while 1,270,238 people (66% of the target population) were reached with hygiene and sanitation interventions. The main challenge of monitoring progress towards this objective was actors poor reporting, particularly those funded outside of the EHRP Health Progress noted under this sector includes the establishment of health and nutrition coordination platforms at national level and in eight districts supported by WHO technical staff. The national health sector multi-partner drought response plan was also developed and WHO deployed technical staff for support to MoH and partners in Garissa, Marsabit and Turkana. A reorientation was conducted for 52 district health teams to establish early warning and response networks and for the health partners in the two refugee camps. Multi-sector for Refugees Security developments in Somalia have evolved dramatically since This has affected Kenya s policy on Somalia and on hosting Somali refugees. Heightened security concerns in Kenya led to the country s military intervention in Somali territory in Current hopes for a continued growth of stability in Somalia have led to expectations of early voluntary repatriation by Somali refugees. The outcome of this collaborative process is embodied in an Operations Continuity Plan, which is a practical guide on how to provide coordinated and uninterrupted protection and services in the insecure environment of the Dadaab refugee complex. The Operations Continuity Plan relies greatly on the use of refugee capacity, nationals and local partners to deliver assistance. While the Dadaab complex registered more than 5,700 new arrivals from Somalia, bringing the total population in these camps to some 463,788, the biggest jump in population growth occurred in Kakuma Camp in Turkana County, where 14,000 new arrivals, mostly from South Sudan, were registered between January and September With a population exceeding 145,000, Kakuma is rapidly running out of space. There has been a deepening strain on limited essential services and infrastructure capacity due to the rapid growth in refugees, resulting in risks to public health and the safety and welfare of refugees and host communities. Some of the challenges include insecurity where, during the recent past, the security situation in the Dadaab area moved from low-risk and stable to high-risk and dangerous following incidents including the abduction of aid workers and fatal attacks on refugee leaders and Kenyan security forces. This led to more restrictive security measures that curtailed humanitarian access to the camps and obliged the Government of Kenya, UNHCR, partners and the refugee leadership to explore new ways to continue delivering assistance and protection. Dwindling public support and sympathy for people of concern is another issue facing the refugee operation in Kenya. There is a perception that refugees pose a threat to Kenya s national security and internal stability, and that they represent a financial and environmental burden. 13

19 Strategic objective #2 Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters, and lessened chronic vulnerability by means of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and early-recovery approaches. Indicators Targets Achieved as of October 2012 EARLY RECOVERY Percentage of humanitarian response projects that incorporate early recovery or DRR components. People and communities become resilient to the worst impact of crises by means of early resumption of livelihoods of people affected by crises, and/or strengthened ability to maintain their livelihoods through crises to mitigate its impact, including the urban poor. % of targeted men, women, boys and girls receiving timely food distributions (FFA). Adequate FCS for FFA beneficiaries. % of targeted men, women, boys and girls receiving timely cash distributions (CFA). Adequate FCS for 80% of CFA beneficiaries. 60% of humanitarian response projects incorporate early recovery and disaster risk reduction components At least 30% of disaster-affected people benefit from livelihoods support (including indirect benefits to household members). Monthly and timely relief distributions of food to 606,000 drought-affected targeted beneficiaries between the months of August 2011 and February 2012 (100%). 80% of FFA beneficiaries have adequate FCS. Monthly and timely cash distributions food to 477,800 droughtaffected targeted beneficiaries between the months of August 2011 and February 2012 (100%). 80% of CFA beneficiaries have adequate FCS. 80% of funded projects incorporate early recovery and disaster risk reduction components. Informal field visits to Turkana and Garissa revealed almost all agencies and NGO partners are engaged in livelihoods support (cash-for-work/cfw, food-forwork/ffw, training, unconditional cash transfers). The scale of the impact is questionable, though no official statistics/assessments have been provided to the sector lead. 45% of target beneficiaries received assistance through the agriculture and livestock sectors. Output: Reached a maximum of 429,740 million beneficiaries (71% of target). Outcome: Adequate FCS = Acceptable of 86% of households. Output: Reached a maximum of 291,280 million beneficiaries (61% of target) through cash transfers. Outcome: Adequate FCS = Acceptable for 72% of households Underachieved: PRRO faced pipeline breaks in CFA; a maximum of 352,000 beneficiaries (35% of target) were reached. A large number missed their cash allocations affecting households ability to access food. The areas were compensated retroactively partly in October and November. 14

20 Indicators Targets Achieved as of October 2012 Disaster risk reduction and early recovery approaches integrated within the education sector intervention. Capacity development of the education system is strengthened both at national and subnational levels to effectively respond to education in emergencies. Governance structures at national, sub-national and community levels have sufficient disaster preparedness to reduce the impact of crises and response capacity to support the early recovery of affected people, building on existing knowledge, skills and coping mechanisms. Kenya s Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Bill is passed into law. District Disaster Committees (DDCs) have improved their response capacity (from 2011 levels) and ability to coordinate through the political hierarchy to the Ministry of State for Special Programmes (MOSSP) level and up to community level. 40 community disaster management committees established. 40 community disaster management plans developed Qualitative assessment: Information management and liaison mechanism exists for humanitarian and development actors to harness the strengths of each other. At least six schools in Wajir and Turkana counties have set up green houses to supplement the school diet with fresh produce. Sector partners trained on ways of integrating DRR in their programming. More than 8,000 teachers trained in peacebuilding More than 300 members of SMCs trained on boarding school management. Peace campaign targeting at least 400 pupils from districts previously affected by postelection violence rolled out. MoE Officers at headquarters and on the ground participated in assessments of the Education Sector. Sub-national sectors initiated in north-western Kenya. Final DRM Draft Law finalized and presented before end of July. DRM strategy finalized.information management and liaison mechanism project to link humanitarian and development actors to operate together has not been funded, 81 (out of 240) DDCs have been trained. Further review of project activities needed to measure the impact of the training. Supported and already established MoSSP information management system for effective humanitarian/development action. Profiling ER interventions among diverse humanitarian actors in the ASALs. 15

21 Indicators Targets Achieved as of October 2012 HEALTH Adequate measures in place to prevent detect and control cholera and other waterborne diseases. AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK Early warning mechanisms, food security information systems and vulnerability analysis inform preparedness and response at both national and county levels in order to reduce negative effects on vulnerable groups in pastoral, agro-pastoral and marginal agricultural disaster-prone areas. Vulnerable men and women in selected drought-affected parts of ASALs protect and rebuild livestock assets through livestock Health sector tested cholera response plans in place in counties most vulnerable to cholera/awd Counties most at risk have cholera response officers trained and in place. Cholera infection control initiatives in designated health facilities. Members respond within agreed time frames (assessment within 48 hours and response in 72 hours after notification) to all reported cholera outbreaks in their county with interventions in support of MoPHS. Two early warning and food security information assessments conducted and reported. Four livestock disease surveillances conducted and reports on disease outbreak. Five million animals vaccinated and treated. Cholera response plan developed at national level but yet to be rolled out to the districts/counties. Training for district public health officers will be rolled out to the 22 priority districts after the Training of Trainers (ToT). No cholera outbreak has been reported this year. Supplied communication equipment to 65 district health teams for early warning and reporting. All major disease outbreaks were contained (dengue, cholera, measles, malaria etc.). Cold-chain system for emergency and routine immunization rehabilitated in 95 locations in the ASAL regions. Five utility transports made available to five deprived districts in the ASAL regions. Contingency plans for the El Niño and disease outbreaks developed by the Health Sector. 65 district health teams in the ASAL regions oriented on early warning / early action. Essential drugs prepositioned for surge capacity. Medium and high rainfall food security assessment (Oct 2011) Short rains assessment (Feb 2012). Mid-season food security assessment (June 2012). Long rains assessment (August 2012). Medium and high rainfall food security assessment (Nov 2012). 15 participatory disease searches on Rift Valley fever and peste des petits ruminants diseases carried out. 2,605 disease surveillance reports done through digital pen technology. 16

22 Indicators Targets Achieved as of October 2012 disease surveillance and control, restocking and destocking, fodder production, rangeland rehabilitation and training on issues related to resilience. Vulnerable smallscale female and male farmers in marginal agricultural areas sustainably improve their agricultural production by use of quality and suitable farm inputs and greater capacity to use improved production technologies. Vulnerable men, women and children in pastoral, agropastoral and marginal agricultural 5,000 acres of land put under fodder MTs of various improved droughttolerant crop seeds distributed to men, women and other vulnerable groups. Over 10,000 MTs of various droughttolerant crops valued at $2.9 million produced. 10,000 women and men trained on improved production technologies and using improved storage facilities. 1,000 MTs of seeds of various improved drought-tolerant crop varieties produced through communitybased seed-bulking systems. 10,000 acres under soil and water conservation. 50 water harvesting structures constructed. 17 Seven million animals vaccinated against Rift Valley fever, peste des petits ruminants, and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia reaching 1,020,000 beneficiaries (715,000 men, 305,000 women). 18 Livestock Emergency Guidelines (LEGS) trainings conducted in 18 counties with the focus on District Steering Groups (DSGs). The training reached 406 staff (361 men, 45 women). Over 2,000 acres of land put under fodder. 2,250 small stock (sheep, goats) and 17,500 poultry restocked 440 beehives distributed. Inter-community peace negotiations benefited an estimated 24,000 people through improved access to grazing and water. Infrastructure of 12 livestock markets rehabilitated. 38 livestock market engaged with county council on the comanagement model. 860 MTs seeds of various drought-tolerant crop varieties distributed to a total of 264,276 beneficiaries comprising 107,895 men and 156,381 women. The seeds were planted in over 60,000 acres and produced over 124,000 MTs of grains. Over two million cuttings each of cassava and sweet potatoes were distributed to 16,000 vulnerable farmers including 6,000 men and 10,000 women. Training conducted to over 12,000 farmers (7,300 women and 4,700 men) in various parts of marginal agricultural areas of eastern Kenya. 120 MTs of quality seeds produced through communitybased seed bulking systems. 460 drip irrigation kits distributed. 10,000 households participated in the construction of soil and water conservation structures, conserving over 5,000 acres of their farms by digging terraces

23 Indicators Targets Achieved as of October 2012 areas become more resilient through climate change adaptation and DRR approaches. 10,000 households practicing small-scale irrigation and 10,000 acres put under smallscale irrigation. 5,000 acres of rangeland rehabilitated. through voucher for work and CFW activities. 16 water harvesting structures (sand dams) constructed through voucher for work activities and three shallow wells. Supported the rehabilitation of six small-scale, communitybased irrigation schemes supporting over 2,000 people. Plans are complete for another eight small-scale irrigation schemes with over 8,000 people in Garrissa and Turkana counties. Progress towards objective 2 and challenges: Agriculture and livestock Categories and disaggregated number of people in need and beneficiaries Number of people in need Number of people targeted Number of people reached Category Dec 2011 Dec 2011 November 2012 Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Food and livelihood insecurity in ASAL areas Urban vulnerable Vulnerable in high and medium rainfall areas 1,250, ,000 2,100, , ,000 1,300, , , ,000 1,000, ,000 1,750, , , ,000 4,000 2,500 6, , , , , , ,000 25,000 10,500 35,500 Totals 2,650,000 1,950,000 4,600,000 1,350, ,000 2,275, , ,000 1,035,000 The severe drought that culminated with the failure of the long rains of 2011, following several years of successive dry conditions and poor rains, hurt vulnerable pastoralist and agropastoralist communities in Kenya, particularly in the country s ASALs. According to the Agriculture and Livestock Sector partners, an estimated 4.6 million people required livelihood support at the time of the EHRP launch in December 2011, including 2.2 million people in need of food aid. An assessment following the October to December 2011 short rains noted improved conditions, with availability of water, browse and pasture having improved livestock productivity. Food supply also improved following the short rains harvests. The mixed performance of the long rains from March to May 2012 resulted in contrasting food security conditions. Although the food security situation improved in some areas, the number of 18

24 food-insecure people declined only marginally. An estimated 2.1 million people were classified in either the crisis or stressed phases of food insecurity. In general, the food-insecure population declined by about 20% in the pastoral districts but increased by nearly 25% in the south-eastern and coastal marginal agricultural zones. Food and livelihood interventions contributed to food security improvements in many places and moderated the possible decline in the food security situation in areas where the rains performed poorly. Despite recommendations from the Government of Kenya (GoK) and sector partners for support to livelihood and resilience-building emergency and early recovery programmes, the Agriculture and Livestock Sector received only 25% of the funding requested ($8.7 million of $35.5 million requested). In terms of livelihood support, partners still managed to reach 45% of the 2.2 million beneficiaries deemed most vulnerable at the launch of the EHRP in December Despite underfunding, partners made use of synergies in existing programmes, efficiencies in programme implementation and good coordination to reach these beneficiaries. With regard to livestock, interventions included strategic restocking of animals, support to disease surveillance and animal health, support to livestock markets, community natural resource management and fodder production. Agriculture partners supported provision and bulking of drought-tolerant seeds, vouchers for seeds, tools, food and non-food items, post-harvest storage, water harvesting and irrigation schemes. Following early warning of an increased risk of poor rains in the eastern parts of the country during the March to May long-rains season, agriculture and livestock sector partners developed a 90-day response plan to mitigate any further erosion of livelihoods in these areas through support to remote markets and commercial destocking. Support was also provided to areas affected by flash floods and districts affected by the outbreak of maize-lethal necrosis disease later in the year. Challenges Distribution of free food and non-food items has created dependency of vulnerable households in most ASAL areas. More effort is required to sensitize and convince communities to engage in more sustainable activities, such as voucher/cash-for-work activities. Free distribution of food has led to market distortions in some cases. Limited resources despite large area and high number of beneficiaries led to limited coverage. Short project duration does not always permit adequate follow-up of agriculture and livestock activities, which often require a longer time horizon. Getting gender-segregated data/information in agriculture has proven to be difficult. Despite a significant amount of work in promoting fodder development in the ASALs, access to quality dry-land seed remains a major limiting factor Poor infrastructure negatively affected the delivery of time-critical inputs, such as poultry. Lessons learned Building communities capacity on community-based seed production as opposed to free seed distribution resulted in access and spread of seeds of improved drought-tolerant varieties of open-pollinated crops such sorghum, millets, beans, cowpea, green grams, pigeon pea and dolichos lablab. 19

25 Engaging communities in voucher-/cash-for-work activities, especially in rehabilitating collapsed irrigation infrastructures and constructing soil and water conservation, empowered them and created ownership and sustainability and improved local economy. The potential of marginal agriculture areas of eastern Kenya can be harnessed by constructing water harvesting structures such as sand dams and using such dams for small-scale high-value crop production (e.g. vegetable irrigation). Food security at the household level can be enhanced through the use of metal silo storage technology. Engagement with markets and market forces is essential for ASAL-based livelihood work, particularly for livestock but also for crop production (i.e., due to transport limitations and a highly dispersed population, fresh produce markets are limited). Village community-banking systems are useful building blocks for development in the ASALs. However, they need to be linked to other initiatives (such as markets, water user associations or small-scale trade) in order to ensure that there are opportunities for investment of money saved. The use of meat vouchers through the dry period can be exceptionally effective in maintaining functional markets and livestock prices. Small-scale high-value vegetable production (particularly in ASALs) can be an exceptionally effective way of empowering women and youth. Coordination The engagement of UN agencies (including sector leads) in the disaster risk reduction (DRR) elements of the current UNDAF Outcome 2.2 has provided a platform to work with development partners on elements of the resilience-building agenda. The working group on this outcome area has ramped up efforts over the past year, with a focus on coordination, policy and capacitybuilding. The Ending Drought Emergencies country plan, which has been elaborated by the GoK, has also provided key direction in the national leadership of resilience-building activities. Early recovery The Early Recovery Sector led a number of initiatives around documenting programmes and initiatives that incorporate early recovery and disaster risk reduction approaches. This is expected to provide useful best practices to help organisations implement these approaches in the design of their preparedness and response initiatives. Profiling and documented field level early recovery initiatives in Garissa / Turkana were also undertaken. In addition, 150 GoK staff members with decision-making authority have been trained in DRR / ER. Nutrition Resilience of most affected populations was influenced through continued focus on scaling-up High impact nutrition interventions (HINIs), thus ability for beneficiaries to demand and use the nutrition services. Malnourished beneficiaries were linked to other sectorial interventions like GFD, WASH and livestock and agriculture to cushion the underlying vulnerabilities. The strengthening of existing GoK capacities and systems through the maintained operational capacity of the UNICEF-supported nutrition support officers ensured that the district/county government officials were able to deliver nutrition services adequately even in heightened emergency situations such as conflicts and security situations. Inclusion of nutrition indicators in HMIS and the rollout of DHIS and routine feedback system have increased reporting, centralization and dissemination of nutrition information, and thus strengthened the early warning systems to ensure early response. 20

26 In terms of challenges, strengthened reporting is still needed in urban and non-emergency areas. There is also a need to improve the inter-sector collaboration at sub-national level and linkages with other relevant government sectors for nutrition outcomes/nutrition sensitive policies. Health 302,000 children under age 5 were vaccinated against measles and polio and received vitamin A supplementation and deworming in the Dadaab refugee camps and five hosting districts. In addition, monthly health promotion activities were conducted in 30 communities in Turkana district. Surge capacity was specifically established in Garissa for response to the Dadaab refugee camp and health kits were made available for 300,000 families in refugee camps and host communities. Potential large-scale disease outbreaks were averted because of early detection and the availability of essential drugs and laboratory reagents. Food Achievements noted under the Food Sector include eight districts launching DRR/resilience and asset creation food projects.100% of 600 targeted micro-drr projects are also underway. Nutrition is also linked to other assistance programmes, including food and WASH. Focus was also given to improved communal water storage and strengthened capacity in water management. In terms of challenges, it was noted that cash transfers to CFA beneficiaries were low because of resource constraints. In this regard, a strategic decision was reached to use a combination of both food and cash to affected areas. Retroactive compensations for the month of May and June were effected in September and October WASH The Sector encouraged approaches that built on community resilience in WASH interventions. This included the strengthening of capacities for water management committees, with a focus on giving communities knowledge to sustainably maintain water sources; use of community-based, participatory approaches in hygiene and sanitation promotion, with a focus on beneficiaries as agents of change in their communities; and harnessing water from rainy seasons and improving communal water storage to protect communities from prolonged periods of drought. Education Educational materials were distributed, schools rehabilitated and school gardens and waterharvesting projects were undertaken. The Sector also focused on peace education and life skills and also included water management and food security. Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan (EPRP) and DRR material was finalized with the MoE in lead. The Education Sector also provided educational supplies and boarding supplies to schools in drought-affected areas outside camps. 21

27 Strategic objective #3 Increased commitment on the part of the GoK and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and provide durable solutions. Indicators Targets Sector achievements as of October 2012 Humanitarian principles and priorities reflected in national and development initiatives. Improvement to the extent to which humanitarian principles are reflected in national and development plans. Humanitarian partners engagement in the second mid-term plan of the GoK under vision Engagement in the IDP bill and the Breast Milk Substitutes Regulation and Control Act, 2012 (both passed in October 2012). GoK has included stunting in the Kenya Health Sector Support Programme III to ensure funding and accountability to address stunting. Multi-year funding being provided by DfID and EU to meet longer-term nutritional goals. GoK preparing to launch the Scaling Up Nutrition initiative and the Food and Nutrition Security Policy. Continued advocacy for the passing of the Disaster Response Management Policy. Sectors contributing to coordination and implementation of Outcome 2.2 under the UNDAF. The Food Sector has provided capacity building to the GoK in dry-land farming (through training and exchange programmes). Humanitarian WASH actors are now represented in the key sector working groups convened by MoPHS and MoWI. Education in Emergencies to be integrated into the National Education Sector Support Programme Engagement/support provided for establishment of NDMA. Support provided the Ending Drought Emergencies Country Plan. Progress towards objective 3 and challenges: Coordination 2012 provided a number of opportunities for humanitarian partners to engage with national and development frameworks towards the improved integration of humanitarian priorities. The formation of the National Drought Management Authority in November 2011, whose responsibilities include the coordination and leadership in the prevention and mitigation of drought emergencies and in climate change adaptation, saw collaboration from a number of humanitarian actors in providing technical advice and resources. In addition, partners have also supported the development of policies and legislation which have implications for future humanitarian response (such as the IDP bill and policy, the draft Disaster Response Management policy, the Breast Milk 22

28 Substitutes Act and others). Furthermore, progress has already been achieved in relation to the establishment of coordination mechanisms at county level. In terms of development frameworks, UN agencies with humanitarian programmes are also engaged in the current UNDAF process, including around the issue of DRR. Early recovery/disaster risk reduction Progress is noted in the continued advocacy and lobbying for the enactment of the Disaster Response Management Policy through MoSSP. In addition, DRR/ER-specific ToRs have been developed for GoK focal points for inclusion in performance contracts. Health The Health Sector is facilitating the finalisation of the pandemic /large-scale disaster preparedness and response plan by the National Disaster Operations Centre. The sector is also supporting electronic Early Warning and Response Networks (EWARNs) to enable remote health facilities to promptly report disasters and disease outbreaks. Challenges The national-level emergency coordination structures were fragmented and national leadership was delegated to several ministries or departments. Health and nutrition were divorced from each other as two separate sectors under WHO and UNICEF respectively but chaired by one Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation. At the Health Sector level, there was more participation from the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation and very little from the Ministry of Medical Services. There was also a threefold increase in per capita attendance at health facilities for normal conditions which were not factored in the original planning. Lessons learned Enhancing early warning systems in targeted high-risk districts, pre-positioning and surge capacities at strategic locations improved early disease detection and response to disease outbreaks with large epidemic potential, which were promptly averted. It was also important to disaggregate national disease trends. Whereas the national data showed little deviation from the norm, when the data was disaggregated and analysed based on districts, large discrepancies in the incidence of diseases and disease outbreaks were detected for malaria, measles and diarrhoea. Food Four GoK officials were sent for training to Israel (plastic agriculture); two GoK and two WFP officials attended exchange programmes in Ethiopia on the R4 initiative; and four vehicles were donated to the GoK line ministries (two to the Ministry of Water and Irrigation, one to the Ministry of Agriculture, and one to the Ministry of Public Health). Education The GoK through the Ministry of Education has participated actively in training of sector partners in conducting assessments and in information collection and sharing. Education in Emergencies is being included in the National Education Sector Support Programme which will lead to a cabinet paper for financial support. Participation of senior officials of the MoE in policy discussions and the inclusion of semi-autonomous education agencies such as KIE, TSC (now autonomous) and other stakeholders including the University of Nairobi in Education in Emergencies is an indication of serious commitment. Also of note is progress with regard to 23

29 Education in Emergencies to be integrated into the National Education Sector Support Programme. Nutrition More than 10 years of advocacy and lobbying has resulted in the Breast Milk Substitutes (Regulation and Control) Act 2012 enacted by Parliament in October The Act provides for appropriate marketing and distribution of breast milk substitutes, ensuring optimal, safe and adequate nutrition for Kenyan children. There has been increased political commitment from high level interactions such as the launch of the FNSP which paved way for Kenya signing up as the 30th country to the Scaling Up Nutrition movement which provides a framework and a road map for the realization of the MDGs. The nutrition plan of action defines the high-impact interventions from community, county to national level and articulates opportunities for resource mobilization, enhancing partnership and ensuring better financing of nutrition. Increased commitment on the part of the GoK and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and to provide durable solutions has been evident. For instance, the GoK has increased the funding of nutrition allocation as part of the Government heath sector budget and has negotiated a credit from the World Bank to fund therapeutic nutrition supplies. Challenges noted include poor target-setting, costing of plans and the need to ensure consistency in systematic tracking of funding for nutrition for the Government health sector and other sectors. 24

30 Millions $ KENYA EMERGENCY HUMANTARIAN RESPONSE PLAN 2013 Review of humanitarian funding Since the first EHRP process in 2008, a total of $2.9 billion has been requested through the mechanism to mobilize assistance for the internally displaced, refugees and those affected by food and livelihoods crisis, disease outbreaks and other emergencies. To date $2 billion (73%) has been received against the EHRP since Funding of the Kenya appeal Unfunded amount Amount received In 2012, the humanitarian community appealed for $797 million, of which $578 million (73%) has been received as of November An additional $16.5 million has been pledged which, if realized, will increase funding to 75%. Of funds committed to the 2012 appeal, $132 million is reported in carry-over funding from 2011 in the food and refugee sectors. An additional $94 million in funding to projects outside of the EHRP framework has been reported to FTS. (Of that $94 million, donors reported almost half of it without specifying the recipient organization, making it likely that a major part of it is actually for actions planned in the CAP.) Funding trends within the appeal are in line with those seen in previous years, with the Food Sector and refugee response accounting for more than 82% of funds requested and 89% of the total funds received. In the other sectors, relative coverage continues to vary significantly. However, there have been notable improvements in the relative coverage of some sectors in 2012, most notably in education and health. Early recovery, protection and WASH currently remain below 25% funded. In looking at project prioritization, the projects ranked as highest priority overall received 75% of the $744 million requested whilst only 7% of the $53 million required for medium-priority projects was received. Similarly, funding in line with gender marker scores saw the majority of funds allocated to projects with either a 2a (projects designed to contribute significantly to gender equality) or 2b (projects whose the principle purpose is to advance gender equality) score. In 25

31 total these projects represented 89% of the total EHRP requirements and 91% ($526 million) of funds received. Projects with a score of 1 (those designed to contribute in some limited way to gender equality) received 41% of the $74.5 million required. The largest donors in 2012 were the U.S., the U.K., Japan, the European Commission, Germany and Canada. Collectively their contributions have accounted for 83% of contributions in 2012 (excluding carry-over funds). Total funding per donor to projects listed in the appeal Other 17% United States 41% Germany 6% Canada 5% EC 8% Japan 9% United Kingdom 14% Pooled funds In early 2012, early warning of a possible intensification of drought conditions in parts of eastern and north-eastern Kenya prompted the Kenya Humanitarian Partnership Team to request $2 million from the CERF rapid response window to launch early action initiatives. The funds were channelled through FAO and UNICEF to undertake priority interventions in the agriculture and livestock sector and to ensure a continuation of critical nutrition interventions. In 2012, the ERF has so far allocated $1,165,654 to eight organizations (four local and four international organizations) for response in the areas of Agriculture and Livestock; Capacity Building in the form of security training; Early Recovery; Education; Food Security; WASH; and Protection. 26

32 3. NEEDS ANALYSIS Despite improvements in drought conditions in the ASALs, Kenya still faces a range of disaster risks. Communities remain vulnerable to disasters due to factors, including poverty, livelihood insecurity, and settlement in areas prone to seasonal flooding or with poor infrastructure and services, such as informal urban settlements. These factors, coupled with recurrent hazards such as droughts, floods, landslides, epidemic outbreaks and climatic change, pose significant risks to much of Kenya s population. According to the Ministry of Planning and National Development, Kenya s population is about 40 million people, with an average life expectancy of 53 years for men and 55 years for women in This population, growing at the rate of 2.7% and largely youthful (60% of the population is under 25 years old) is bound to be adversely affected, particularly with the high poverty rates (57% of Kenyans live below the poverty line), unemployment, the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and an economy largely dependent on rain-fed agriculture. These indicators suggest that a significant proportion of the population is highly vulnerable to disasters, and any small, predisposing factor may result in emergencies of high proportion, often culminating in national disasters. Food and livelihood security John Kariuki at his cabbage farm at Deffo, Njoro, Kenya Rachel Kibui/IRIN The mixed performance of the long rains (March-May 2012) caused contrasting foodsecurity conditions in Kenya. Although the situation improved in some areas, the number of food-insecure people declined only marginally. According to the 2012 Long Rains Season Assessment Report issued by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) in September 2012, an estimated 2.1 million people in Kenya s ASALs are classified as being in either the crisis or stressed phases of food insecurity, compared with 2.2 million people after the short-rains assessments in February In general, the food-insecure population declined by about 20% in the pastoral districts but increased by nearly 25% in the south-eastern and coastal marginal agricultural zones. The marginal mixed farming areas of the south-eastern and coastal lowlands suffered their third successive failed or poor season. Most parts of the country are expected to receive enhanced rainfall ranging from mild to moderate El Niño episodes during the October-December 2012 short-rains season. Rainfall distribution in space and time is also expected to be generally good, but it is likely to cause localized flooding. The peak lean season is expected to be unusually intense in most parts of the south-eastern and coastal marginal agriculture zone, and in parts of the north-eastern pastoral area including southern Wajir, northern Garissa, Tana River and Ijara. In some of these areas, tensions, conflicts and insecurity may limit households capacity to engage in normal livelihood activities. 27

33 Although maize prices are expected to continue declining, they remain consistently above the five-year average. The decline is likely to be slowed down by the below-average long-rains output and maize hoarding by households as a precaution during the election period. Similarly, heightened political activities may disrupt market activities, constraining supply and consequently increasing consumer prices. Based on predictions by the Kenya Meteorological Department, enhanced rains are also expected during the March-May 2013 long-rains season. As a result, the food-insecure population is expected to decline from 2.1 million to 1.8 million people. This positive outlook is strengthened by casual labour opportunities in rural areas; expected increased output of crops between January and February 2013; improved livestock productivity; and a likely decrease in food prices due to increased production. Enhanced short rains will result in a considerable recharge of water sources and regeneration of pasture and browse in pastoral zones. Consequently, milk production, consumption and surplus supply at markets will increase. Similarly, water availability, access and consumption will improve in many parts, particularly in the pastoral and marginal agricultural livelihood zones where water access has been a problem. Flooding during the short-rains season could also disrupt food and livestock markets, as well as waterborne and vectorborne livestock diseases that characteristically accompany above average rains. The enhanced rainfall also jeopardizes harvesting; there may be substantial losses due to rotting as heavy rains fall on maize. The spread of maize-lethal necrosis disease is also a continued threat. Despite improvements to pasture and browse conditions in 2012, successive previous dry periods combined with poor long rains in 2012 continue to negatively affect north-eastern and northwestern pastoral areas, as well as some areas along the coastal belt. Recurrent drought continues to be the major food-security threat in Kenya s ASALs. Crop failures, livestock deaths and resource-based conflict negatively impact the livelihoods of pastoralists and agropastoralists in these areas, which continue to experience food insecurity at the household level. Overall, the inability of food-insecure households to recover fully from recurrent shocks and hazards suggests the need for a mix of immediate and medium-term food and non-food interventions that seek to mitigate urgent needs, restore livelihoods and build resilience. Nutrition Nutrition surveys carried out in the ASAL areas in 2012 indicate a significant reduction in GAM and SAM levels in Turkana, Mandera, Moyale and Kajiado. The expected caseload of children under age 5 suffering from acute malnutrition in the ASAL areas has declined from 385,000 in January 2012 to 300,000 as of October This is due to the increased access of quality HINIs and the food-security improvements thanks to food and non-food interventions. However, the situation in Wajir County and Mandera East has not improved. Mandera and Wajir counties account for 75,644 (25%) of the expected caseload. The access and use of quality nutrition services in ASAL regions remain very low. In urban informal settlements, about 9,500 children will require treatment for acute malnutrition in The difference in child malnutrition between the wealthiest and poorest households is twice as great in urban areas, highlighting the inequities of urbanization and affecting 1.7 million children living in poverty in urban areas. 28

34 Key infant and young-child feeding practices are still poor in Kenya: 58% of babies start to breastfeed within one hour of birth. 2 Fewer than 32% of babies are exclusively breastfed within the first six months 3 and only 6% of hospitals meet national care standards. Other foods and drinks are introduced too early, some immediately after birth. Interventions to promote, protect and support infant feeding need to be accelerated. Micronutrient deficiencies continue to be highly prevalent among children under age 5 and women. According to the 2012 nutrition surveys and nutrition routine data from the District Health Information system (DHIS), incremental gains have been reported but the indicators are below national targets. Overall, only 36% of children under age 5 received one dose of vitamin A (HIS January-June 2012), while only 11% of pregnant women received the minimum recommended dose of iron folate (DHIS January-June 2012). Resilience of the most affected people can be significantly influenced through continued focus on scaling up HINIs while continuing to strengthen existing capacities and systems. Health In 2013, Health Sector partners will continue to respond to various health emergencies such as outbreaks of dengue fever, rift valley fever and other haemorrhagic fevers, as well as cholera, polio, malaria, hepatitis E and measles in refugee camps and host communities. Conflicts, terrorism and potential election violence will also contribute to mass casualty disasters in the targeted hotspots as well as urban fires in Nairobi and the large slums. The Health Sector has often responded promptly, thereby mitigating the disasters impact. Refugees health-related humanitarian needs will persist, especially as the camps are currently experiencing disease outbreaks. These are compounded by cross-border challenges such as easy transmission of diseases. The weak and over-stretched health-care delivery system has not recovered. According to the PDNA, it will require at least $60 million over five years, a process that has yet to begin. The devolution of governance will also pose a challenge to the Health Sector in the short term for management and coordination capacity. The Health Sector is therefore targeting prompt response to humanitarian needs, supporting resilience within the communities and also supporting capacity-building for the counties to respond to DRR and disaster management in their localities. WASH Rainfall distribution during the October-December rains is expected to be generally good over most parts of the country, and the water levels for surface-water sources and the recharge capacity for groundwater sources are supposed to increase. However, localized flooding is expected in some areas, particularly in the western part of the country and the Tana River basin. The last El Niño event in 1999 affected at least 1.5 million people in the country. Although the flooding situation is expected to be less severe this time, it may still cause displacements and disrupt water and sanitation services, which may increase the risk of transmission of waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery and malaria. Other typical at-risk areas for waterborne diseases include peri-urban slums and informal settlements, as well as IDP camps where basic water and sanitation infrastructure is not adequate and minimum requirements of clean water and sanitation are usually not met. Cross-border 2 KDHS, KDHS,

35 movements, particularly along the Somalia and Ethiopia borders, have also shown that communities living along the borders are vulnerable to waterborne diseases. The WASH Sector will therefore need to prioritize soft interventions during this period, including promoting household water treatment and storage practices, hygiene awareness and provision of options for safe sanitation practices. Infrastructural support should take into consideration sustainability issues such as the WASH facility designs and structures for maintaining the facilities. Education Vulnerable children s education is affected by various emergencies, such as droughts affecting the arid and semi-arid districts, with 140,000 children requiring support to continue their education. Election violence and floods forecasts may affect over 64,000 school-going children4 in Western Kenya, parts of Upper Eastern, parts of North Eastern and the Tana Delta. Some pastoralist and agricultural marginal areas are experiencing a slow onset of drought due to below-average rainfall. Therefore, a key objective is to enhance Students at a secondary school in Narok, Kenya Wendy Stone/IRIN school retention and continuity of access to education for nearly 1 million boys and girls by providing food, water, hygiene, learning materials and gender-sensitive sanitation facilities. The continuing influx of refugees has strained the existing educational facilities in the host communities around Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps. According to an inter-agency assessment of the Education Sector in Dadaab, the pupil-classroom ratio is 113:1, while the teacher-pupil ratio is 1:85. Moreover, over 48,000 refugee school-age boys and girls are currently out of school. There is an urgent need to support the refugee schools as well as the host-community schools around Kakuma and Dadaab refugee camps with requisite educational teaching and learning materials. There is a further need to train the refugee teachers on multigrade teaching to handle large classes. In Dadaab, for example, only 20% of the more than 980 teachers are certified. Teachers in host communities could also benefit from psycho-social programmes offered to teachers working in the camps. Increasing caseloads of refugees in Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps have also become issues of great concern. For instance, 63% of the school-age population in Kakuma refugee camp is missing out on primary education as the classes available can only accommodate 37% of the population. 5 Girls are particularly affected as many are not in school and only a few transit to secondary school for those who attend school. The total transition rate in Kakuma to secondary schools is 7%, while in Dadaab it is 5%. It is noteworthy that about 26,283 girls (close to 60%) are still missing out on education, while 20,760 of the boys (close to 40%) are missing out on education in Dadaab according to the same assessment. Between November 2011 and October 2012, varied incidents of violence in Isiolo, Moyale and Tana Delta districts disrupted learning in schools, affected at least 6,000 pupils and displaced 4 Assessments by OCHA October Education needs assessment conducted by SC-UK in May

36 communities. Attacks on schools were witnessed as an emerging issue and verified through an assessment carried out by the MoE and also from the findings of the DSG in Isiolo.. Refugees The precarious situation in Somalia as a result of conflict and insecurity continues to generate knock-on effects in neighbouring Kenya where approximately 471,000 refugees are hosted in the north-eastern Dadaab camps. Despite the continued closure of the Kenya-Somalia border and the suspension of registration of new arrivals, an estimated 100 Somalis arrive per day. They are reportedly continuing to stream in and settle in the outskirts of Dagahaley and in Ifo 2 camps. Insecurity in Dadaab continues to be a serious problem affecting the delivery of services to refugees and their physical protection and well-being. There have been incidents of humanitarian staff abduction; various improvised-device explosions mainly targeting police escorts; vehicle hijackings; assassinations of refugee community leaders; banditry incidents inside and outside the camps; and several demonstrations and riots by refugee and host communities. The proximity of the operation to the porous border with Somalia and the ongoing Kenyan military involvement inside the country has been a key cause of the heightened insecurity in the whole North-Eastern Province, particularly in the Dadaab camps. The Dadaab complex registered more than 5,700 new arrivals from Somalia, bringing the total population in these camps to some 474,100 people. However, the biggest jump in population growth occurred in Kakuma Camp in Turkana County, where 14,000 new arrivals, mostly from South Sudan, were registered between January and September With a population exceeding 101,000, Kakuma is rapidly running out of space. There has been a deepening strain on limited essential services and infrastructure capacity due to the rapid growth in refugee numbers, resulting in risks to public health and the safety and welfare of refugees and host communities. To address the issue of hosting new arrivals, a new camp site known as Kalobeyey, with a capacity for 80,000 people, has been identified. Authorization for camp construction is still being pursued. Protection Refugees queue at the UNHCR field office for tent allocations at Ifo camp, Dadaab, eastern Kenya John Ndiku/OCHA The lack of comprehensive registration and profiling data on IDPs, particularly in reference to the so-called integrated IDPs and forest evictees, continues to challenge the protection and assistance environment for IDPs in the country. The humanitarian crisis facing integrated IDPs who were affected by the 2007/2008 post-election violence (PEV) and the forest evictees (arising from environmental management or developmentinduced evictions) in the country is yet to be fully addressed. However, during 2012 there was a notable change in policy, with the Government acknowledging the existence of forest evictees 31

37 and squatters. There are ongoing efforts to identify resettlement land for these groups. Recently, a substantial number of Mau Forest Complex evictees were resettled, with the Government reportedly facing immense constraints in providing NFIs (plastic sheets and basic domestic items). There is still a need for close monitoring and support to the Government in the provision of material assistance for forest evictees and victims of natural disasters. On the political front, pursuant to the Constitution promulgated in 2010 and the reforms outlined in Agenda item 4, Kenya has continued to implement constitutional, legislative and institutional reforms ahead of the general elections on 4 March The implementation of the Agenda 4 reforms have been ongoing, with some reform components being decried as slow paced and constantly undermined by political conflicts. Critically, the the Truth Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC) has yet to release a substantive report on its findings. Notably, the Government s judiciary arm has been lauded for its positive efforts in implementing judicial reforms and in restoring its image of independence and accountability among citizens. More specifically, the establishment of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission and the enactment of both the Elections Act and the Political Parties Act introduced significant safeguards in the election process in the context of multi-party politics. However, these safeguards remain susceptible to political manipulation. The mandate of the National Commission on Integration and Cohesion (NCIC) has been renewed for a further one-year, avoiding the risk of reversing the modest and fragile gains made on cohesion and peacebuilding. Considerable concerns have been raised regarding the NCIC s prosecutorial powers in dealing with hate speech, propaganda and incitement of violent offences, with heightened calls to strengthen its mandate. The country s transition to a devolved system of governance, coupled with the electoral boundaries delimitation process, has contributed to new conflict threats in non-traditional election hotspot areas. Several security-related incidents, including deaths and displacement, have recently been recorded in various parts of the country. Against this background, it is apparent that the upcoming general elections could lead to more violence and population displacements. As such, there is a need for close monitoring, instituting early warning systems in perennial and emerging conflict hotspots, and scaling-up conflict prevention and mitigation measures pre and postelection. The Protection Sector, within the framework of the humanitarian pillar, is developing preparedness and coordinated multi-sectoral interventions. A survey carried out recently by the Constitution & Reform Education Consortium has identified likely hotspots of violence in the counties in accordance with analyses of varied risk including parts of South Rift, Coast Province, Upper Eastern and informal settlements in Nairobi, Nakuru, Kisumu and Mombasa. Setting up common rapid needs-assessment mechanisms and tools The Kenya Humanitarian Partnership Team has agreed to strengthen multi-sector assessments in sudden-onset emergencies to ensure that humanitarian actors in Kenya use common methodologies and tools for quality and comparativeness. OCHA is working with the Assessment Capacities Project (ACAPS), UNICEF and the Emergency Capacity-Building Project to facilitate a consultative process to review current assessment practices and to identify an appropriate mechanism for future multi-sector assessments. The process is being undertaken in three phases: consultation; agreement on and implementation of an appropriate mechanism/tool; and a consolidation/capacity-building phase. 32

38 Scope of the crisis and number of people in need The map below illustrates the number of people requiring food assistance in affected counties as well as the refugee population in Dadaab (north-eastern Kenya), Kakuma (north-western Kenya) and urban areas (Nairobi). 33

39 4. THE 2013 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN Planning scenario The planning scenario was developed around three thematic issues: conflict and insecurity; climate change and food security; and refugee dynamics. 1. Conflict and insecurity The March 2013 elections present opportunities and challenges. The country is expected to witness political conflict before the general elections. The devolution of power to county level is also likely to trigger leadership wrangles based on ethnic affinities due to competition for new positions. In addition, political activists are likely to generate tension when citizens question the suitability of the presidential candidates two presidential aspirants are among four people facing charges by the International Criminal Court for their alleged role in the 2007/2008 post-election violence. Moreover, the emergence of political groups, such as the Mombasa Republican Council, which is calling for the secession of the Coast Province from Kenya, is symbolic of the underlying and unresolved issues related to marginalization and unemployment in the region that sparked an uprising among parts of the coastal population. It is projected that the election period may generate violence that could affect 400,000 to 450,000 people. The figure assumes that not all of those affected will require assistance. For planning purposes, the figure of 100, ,000 affected people has been proposed for election preparedness from January to April Additional factors, such as the pending resettlement of displaced people in Mt. Elgon and Mau forest, will continue to generate tensions that could spark violence. The increasing number of conflicts driven by competition for scarce resources, such as pasture and water for livestock as witnessed in the Rift Valley, Upper Eastern and North Eastern provinces, are also likely to generate rising numbers of displaced people. As has been witnessed, violent conflicts will continue to assume an inter-communal dimension, thereby posing additional challenges in peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts. Kenya s military role in Somalia has influenced heightened insecurity in north-eastern Kenya with increased proliferation of arms and incursions of foreign militia across the porous Kenya-Somalia border. Retaliatory attacks on Kenyan soil, especially in the north-east, are likely to increase, resulting in the disruption of humanitarian operations and exacerbating the already dire humanitarian conditions inside and outside the refugee camps. 2. Food security The overall prognosis for the food-security situation based on climatic conditions is good, with above-average rainfall expected for the two rainy seasons (October-December 2012 short rains and March-May 2013 long rains ). As a result, the food-insecure population is expected to decline from 2.1 million to 1.8 million people. 34

40 However, significant threats to the food-security situation remain. Despite the decline in the price of maize, it remains at least 45% above the five-year average, which could undermine foodsecurity improvements. Flooding during the short-rains season could also disrupt food and livestock markets, as well as water-borne and vector-borne livestock diseases that characteristically accompany above-average rains. Furthermore, deteriorating security conditions during the election period in early 2013 could have negative repercussions, with the food-insecure population possibly rising to 3 million people. Neglect of farm operations and harvests, looting and market disruptions would tend to worsen the food-security situation. Recurring erratic rains, drought and increasing incidents of floods are evidence of the impact of climate change in Kenya. Pastoral and marginal agricultural livelihoods in the ASALs are almost completely dependent on rains to sustain their livelihoods and are therefore increasingly vulnerable to such shocks. This has led to conflict over natural resources, including water and pasture for livestock. 3. Refugees The precarious situation in Somalia due to conflict and insecurity continues to generate knock-on effects in neighbouring Kenya where approximately 470,000 refugees are hosted in the northeastern Dadaab camps. The issue of security remains a key defining factor for the refugee operations in Dadaab. The recent military successes in Kismayo and encouraging political developments in Somalia present yet another change in the operational context of the refugee operation, the consequences of which are yet to be seen. However, it is anticipated that there will be increased pressure on refugees to return home and on UNHCR and the international community to increase delivery assistance inside Somalia, especially in the potential areas of return, i.e. those liberated by the Kenyan Army and those that were affected by the famine in On the other hand, there is a possibility of infiltration by Al Shabaab elements that have been dispersed from Kismayo and the Jubas into the Dadaab camps. This may further compound the insecurity and tensions with the host authorities. So far, however, the implementation of the programmes in the camps has not been dramatically affected by the stand of the central authorities due to the careful balancing of UNHCR relations with local authorities in the Dadaab area. In this regard, the planned devolution of power into the districts in 2013 is another unknown element that may significantly influence the refugee operation next year. Additional variables to monitor with potential to worsen or relieve humanitarian needs Events Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec General Elections Pre-election period General elections (4 March) Rains Long Rains Season Short Rains Season 35

41 The humanitarian strategy and strategic objectives Response Strategy By the end of 2013, the overall strategy for humanitarian programming in Kenya is to transition out of humanitarian aid. While responding to residual acute humanitarian needs in the country, humanitarian actors will support and strengthen the preparedness of national institutions and local responders and the development of livelihoods, and they will address social protection needs. The 2013 EHRP focuses on the following three strategic objectives: The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable people affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through life-saving assistance. Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters, and lessened chronic vulnerability by means of DRR and early recovery approaches. Increased commitment by the GoK and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and provide durable solutions. The first strategic objective addresses life-saving and core emergency assistance. To this end, humanitarian partners have prioritized the continued provision of multi-sector assistance to refugees and ongoing relief assistance to people most affected by recurrent shocks (most recently the Horn of Africa crisis) in the ASAL areas. In addition, partners will focus on other vulnerable groups, including those who remain displaced due to previous elections or inter-communal violence and those at greatest risk in urban informal settlements. Also of key concern is preparedness for the period before and after the general elections in March 2013, during which many parts of the country face a heightened risk of inter-communal conflict. This includes supporting the first-line response to the humanitarian impact of localized violence and ensuring preparedness for any potential escalation. The second strategic objective encourages increased efforts to reinforce recovery and build resilience to recurrent shocks through DRR and early recovery approaches. In this regard, humanitarian partners have agreed to continue to build on previous initiatives aimed at integrating early recovery and DRR approaches, particularly in relation to communities repeatedly affected by climatic shocks in ASAL areas. This includes humanitarian programming initiatives that support longer-term resilience, such as voucher schemes or cash programming, building up livelihoods or the contribution to improved access to services. A number of platforms exist for coordinating lessons learned from these activities, including the national DRR platform, the newly created ASAL alliance and the Early Recovery Working Group. Similarly, partners will continue to engage in and support initiatives that aim to mobilize consolidated programming towards improved resilience, such as the national Ending Drought Emergencies country plan. The third strategic area of the EHRP refers to the integration of humanitarian priorities into national and development frameworks. It is a key component of the 2013 plan. As this is the third and final year of the current strategy, partners have agreed on the importance of consolidating efforts in this regard also offers some key opportunities for partners to advocate the integration of humanitarian priorities into national structures and development plans. This includes the second phase of the GoK s Mid Term Plan (MTP II under Vision 2030, the formation of the county structures, and the implementation of new policy and legislation (such as the recently passed IDP bill and the draft disaster response management policy). In the international development arena, the elaboration of a new UNDAF strategy in 2013 in line with the 36

42 Government s MTP II will provide additional opportunities to link humanitarian priorities with development plans in the coming year. Ssignificant progress has been made in this area in 2012, but additional efforts are required to consolidate and build on progress to date. At both national and sub-national levels, uncertainty remains over the structures and mechanisms for disaster management. At the national level, some reorganization of Government ministries and departments is expected following elections. Emergency preparedness Humanitarian partners will continue on-going contingency planning at national and sub-national levels. This includes preparedness for floods, drought, landslides and other hazards. Of particular importance for the early part of 2013 is the continuation of preparedness efforts for the pre-election and election period, during which there is a heightened risk of inter-communal conflicts in many parts of the country. Areas potentially affected include those traditionally affected by election-related violence, plus a number of other areas where pre-existing tensions can be exacerbated by political processes, such as the process of devolution and the competition for election at county and national levels. To this end, the humanitarian community has been engaged in a preparedness process being led by the National Disaster Operations Centre. It focuses around four key areas: peace and reconciliation, humanitarian aid, mass casualty and security. Under the humanitarian component, the process has included a number of national and sub-national consultations. At the subnational level, preparedness is being organized around eight support hubs that aim to capitalize on field-level analysis and provide a more detailed view of capacities on the ground. The process is also linked to an inter-agency initiative (including the GoK, the Kenya Red Cross, and NGOs) to develop the initial rapid assessment tool for Kenya (KIRA). KIRA is being field-tested and subnational trainings are underway in the support hubs. Humanitarian access The security situation in the Dadaab area and the wider North-Eastern Province moved from lowrisk and stable to high-risk and dangerous following a series of incidents, including the abduction of aid workers and fatal attacks on refugee leaders and Kenyan security forces. This led to more restrictive security measures that curtailed humanitarian access to the camps. African Union military action against Al-Shabaab in Somalia and the capture of Kismayo have raised concern of increasing extremist activity in the north-east of Kenya. Furthermore, incidents of inter-communal conflict have also contributed to diminishing access in the region. Due to the regular occurrence of climatic shocks and cross-border and internal insecurity, communities in the north-east require significant assistance. Partners remain committed to finding ways to continue providing assistance in this area despite access challenges. Because of the complex nature of the crisis in the area, the north/east is expected to remain a priority area for humanitarian response in the coming year and beyond. Inter-communal violence in other parts of the country, such as Tana River and Moyale, during 2012, has also led to temporary access restrictions for some actors. Partners remain committed to identifying solutions to secure access in these areas. 37

43 Strategic objectives and indicators for 2013 Strategic objective #1 The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable people affected by natural and manmade disasters are met through life-saving assistance and protection as per national and international standards. Indicators Targets Monitoring method FOOD % of targeted men, women, boys and girls receiving timely distributions (GFD). Adequate food consumption score (FCS) for 80% of GFD beneficiaries; % of women, boys and girls receiving timely distributions (BSFP). Monthly and timely relief distributions of food or cash to targeted beneficiairies 80% of general food distribution (GFD) beneficiaries have adequate FCS WFP distribution reports. NUTRITION Under-five mortality rate in highly vulnerable disaster-affected districts. Improvement of mortality rates compared to 2012 baseline rates 2012 baseline rates: Turkana North 1.18 Turkana South 0.98 Turkana West 1.18 Turkana Central 1.27 Mandera West 0.67 Mandera Central 0.22 Mandera East/North 0.8 Wajir West/North West Pokot-0.58 Mwingi-1.95 Isiolo-0.62 Kitui-1.07 Kwale-0.45 Laikipia-0.40 SMART Nutrition Surveys. Baseline rates measured from January to October 2012 by nutrition implementing partners and the Government measuring the number of under-five who died in a a recall period of 90 days before the survey Percentage of acute malnourished under-five children (boys and girls) and pregnant or lactating women (PLW) accessing treatment as per national standards. 75% of severely malnourished children (boys and girls) accessing treatment. 50% of moderate malnourished children (boys and girls) and PLW accessing treatment. DHIS Routine Data. Percentage of underfive children with global acute malnutrition (GAM) in highly vulnerable disasteraffected districts. Indicators below global emergency thresholds for baseline rates: Turkana North 15.3% Turkana South 17.1 % Turkana West 14.3 % SMART Nutrition Surveys. 38

44 Turkana Central 11.6 % Mandera West 16.2 % Mandera Central 17.9% Mandera East/North 15.9% Wajir West/North % West Pokot-12.3% Marsabit 13.4% Wajir South 23.1% Garbatulla surveillance- 14.5% Moyale-7.4% Mwingi-2.8% Meru North-7.8% Isiolo-11% Kitui-4.7% Kwale-9.1% Laikipia-12.8 % Percentage of underfive children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in highly vulnerable disasteraffected districts. Indicators below global emergency thresholds for baseline rates: Turkana North 2.3 % Turkana South 4.2 % Turkana West 2.1 % Turkana Central 0.7 % Mandera West 3.5 % Mandera Central 3.4% Mandera East/North 2.2% Wajir West/North - 2.3% West pokot-12.3% Marsabit 2.7% Wajir South 4.6% Garbatulla surveillance- 2.3% Moyale-1.4% Mwingi-3.4% Meru North-1.2% Isiolo-11% Kajiado-0.6% Kitui-1.1% Kwale-2.7% Laikipia-2.3% SMART Nutrition Surveys. HEALTH Ensure availability of critical life-saving surge capacities (services, resources and supplies) and accessible to the vulnerable groups including mass casualty victims at key strategic locations in the arid and Multi-partner disaster and disease outbreak response plans developed. Surge capacity established in at least 12 at-risk locations in the ASAL regions. Early warning, alert and response capacities Kenya Weekly Epidemiological Bulletin. Health and Nutrition Sector bulletin. Disease outbreak reports. 39

45 EDUCATION semi-arid regions. established in at least 20 of the 47 counties. All disasters and disease outbreaks investigated within 48 hours. Increase access to quality education for all school-aged boys and girls in emergencyprone areas REFUGEE RESPONSE: Food Assistance and Nutrition All refugees are provided with adequate and appropriate food to meet the minimum nutritional requirements and with nutrition services including integrated management of acute malnutrition (IMAM) to address and reduce morbidity and mortality rates. REFUGEE RESPONSE: WASH All refugees have access to safe, adequate, portable and clean water, and adequate and secure sanitation facilities; all refugees practice best hygiene practices. REFUGEE RESPONSE: Health All refugees have access to basic health care Refugees mental wellbeing is strengthened through psycho-social assistance and counselling. REFUGEE RESPONSE: Protection 375,000 children. Ministry of Education reports. SitReps. Sector Reports. All refugees Food distribution lists, regular nutrition and health reporting (Health Information System), nutrition surveys, sector meetings, UNHCR and partner field monitoring. All refugees Regular WASH reporting, water distribution data, sector meetings, UNHCR and partner field monitoring. All refugees Cholera, polio, hepatitis and measles outbreaks controlled. Coordination platforms for social services established Over 90% of children under 5 vaccinated against measles and poliomyelitis. Health outreaches increased by at least 50% Functioning and integrated early warning and reporting systems for diseases of epidemic potential in all the refugee camps. All refugees Regular nutrition and health reporting (Health Information System), sector meetings, UNHCR and partner field monitoring. Quarterly refugee health status reports produced. Weekly Epidemiological bulletin. Monitoring reports. Refugee monthly 40

46 All refugees are legally protected in accordance with Kenyan and international standards, laws and jurisprudence. New arrivals are received according to established protection procedures and standards. Refugee children, women and other vulnerable people are protected from SGBV REFUGEE RESPONSE: Education All refugees of schoolgoing age have access to quality basic education. Out-of-school refugee children have access to alternative education programmes. REFUGEE RESPONSE: Shelter and NFI All refugees have adequate appropriate and secure shelter. All refugee households are provided with a shelter kit. Refugee response: Level of self-reliance and livelihoods improved. REFUGEE RESPONSE: Durable solutions WASH At least 3,700 refugees are resettled in designated resettlement countries Emergency-affected populations have access to at least 7.5 litres per person per day of safe water for drinking and cooking. Number of children with access to reliable water, sanitation and handwashing facilities in targeted school institutions. All refugees All refugees 25% statistics, regular monthly reports on SGBV, sector meetings, UNHCR and partner field monitoring. Regular monthly statistics, monthly education updates, sector meetings, UNHCR and partner field monitoring. Regular monthly statistics, shelter updates, sector meetings, UNHCR and partner field monitoring. Regular monthly statistics, sector meetings, UNHCR and partner field monitoring. 3,700 refugees resettled. Resettlement identification, submission, departure tracking, Individual case review 100% of men, women and children in target areas. WASH surveys, WASH sector updates, partner field monitoring. 399,412 school children. WASH surveys, WASH sector updates, partner field monitoring. 41

47 Strategic objective #2 Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters, and lessened chronic vulnerability by means of DRR and early recovery approaches. Indicators Targets Monitoring method Percentage of humanitarian response projects that incorporate early recovery or DRR components. 60% of humanitarian response projects incorporate early recovery and disaster risk reduction components. FTS and OPS data. People and communities become resilient to the worst impact of crises by means of early resumption of livelihoods of people affected by crises, and/or strengthened ability to maintain their livelihoods through crises to mitigate its impact, including the urban poor. At least 30% of disasteraffected people benefit from livelihoods support (including indirect benefits to household members). Agriculture and livestock sector reports. % of targeted men, women, boys and girls receiving timely food distributions (FFA). Adequate FCS for FFA beneficiaries. % of targeted men, women, boys and girls receiving timely cash distributions (CFA). Adequate FCS for 80% of CFA beneficiaries. Monthly and timely relief distributions of food to 405,000 drought-affected targeted beneficiaries between the months of September 2012 and March 2013 (100%). 80% of FFA beneficiaries have adequate FCS. Monthly and timely distributions of cash and food to 485,000 drought-affected targeted beneficiaries between the months of September and March 2013 (100%). 80% of CFA beneficiaries have adequate FCS. Monthly distribution monitoring of all activities. Joint programme monitoring and self evaluation. On-site monitoring of progress and quality of outputs under FFA, distribution and beneficiary contact monitoring for the supplementary feeding programme, joint programme monitoring and selfevaluations. A three-times-per-year Community and Household Surveillance (CHS) survey will provide information on food security and nutrition situation at critical times of the year Capacity of men, women, boys and girls is improved to demand and use nutrition services Key nutrition and gender sensitive advocacy messages developed and shared with community support groups and other sectors Nutrition sector reports. 42

48 Disaster risk reduction and early recovery approaches integrated within the education sector intervention. Capacity development of the education system is strengthened both at national and subnational levels to effectively respond to education in emergencies. DRR and EPRP manuals reviewed and introduced. 10 national and sub-national sectors adopting DRR and Early Recovery approaches teachers, officials receive training on DRR, EPRP. Education Sector reports. MoE reports. Sitreps Governance structures at national, sub-national and community levels have sufficient disaster preparedness to reduce the impact of crises and response capacity to support the early recovery of affected people, building on existing knowledge, skills and coping mechanisms. Kenya s DRM Bill is passed into law. Support provided in facilitating 50% of counties having in place multi-hazard contingency plans. Election preparedness plans in place at national and hub level. Reports and updates from GoK sectors and OCHA. Adequate measures in place to prevent detect and control cholera and other water-borne diseases. At least 80% of communities in 10 counties engaged on public health education and use essential primary health services. Tested cholera response plans in place in counties most vulnerable to cholera/awd. Counties most at risk have cholera response officers trained and in place. Cholera infection control initiatives in designated health facilities Members respond within agreed timeframes (assessment within 48 hours and response in 72 hours after notification) to all reported cholera outbreaks in their county with interventions in support of MoPHS. 95% of children under 5 vaccinated against measles and polio in 10 out of 47 at-risk counties. 60% of women groups in 10/47 counties had at least three health education campaigns in the year. 80% of communities in 10/47 counties benefited from 4 Reporting from health sectors and weekly epidemiological reports. District health information systems routine data. 43

49 outreach services in the year. Zero stock out of contingency stockpiles in 12 locations. Early warning mechanisms, food security information systems and vulnerability analysis inform preparedness and response at both national and county levels in order to reduce negative effects on vulnerable groups in pastoral, agro-pastoral and marginal agricultural disaster-prone areas. Four early warning and food security information assessments conducted and reported. 80% of targeted districts to use Integrated Phase Classification (IPC). 50 Government and NGO staff trained on IPC. Short and Long Rains Assessments data, other field data and reports. Vulnerable men and women in selected drought-affected parts of ASALs protect and rebuild livestock assets through livestock disease surveillance and control, restocking and destocking, fodder production, rangeland rehabilitation and training on issues related to resilience. Three million animals vaccinated and treated. 1,500 acres of land put under fodder. Four disease surveillance missions conducted and reports on disease outbreaks. Six service providers (partners) adopting mobile phone technology for reporting. 500 (disaggregated by gender) livestock keepers feeding into rumour register. 30 inter-community peace negotiations conducted to improve access to grazing and water. 10,000 animals provided. 2,000 households restocked. 2,000 animals destocked. 40 livestock markets with improved infrastructure and remaining functional during dry period. Field visit and reports. Vulnerable smallscale female and male farmers in marginal agricultural areas sustainably improve their agricultural production by use of quality and suitable farm inputs and greater capacity to use improved production technologies MTs of various improved drought-tolerant crop seeds distributed to men, women and other vulnerable groups. Over 10,000 MTs of various drought-tolerant crops valued at $2.9 million produced. 10,000 women and men trained on improved production technologies and using improved storage facilities. 1,000 MTs of seeds of various improved drought-tolerant Monthly distribution monitoring of all activities. Joint programme monitoring and self evaluation. On-site monitoring of progress and quality of outputs under FFA, distribution and beneficiary contact monitoring for the SuFP, joint programme monitoring and self evaluations. 44

50 crop varieties produced through community-based seed bulking systems. Vulnerable men, women and children in pastoral, agropastoral and marginal agricultural areas become more resilient through climate change adaptation and DRR approaches. % of water supply projects in emergency-prone areas with trained community water management structures. 10,000 acres under soil and water conservation. 50 water harvesting structures constructed. 10,000 households practicing small-scale irrigation and 10,000 acres put under smallscale irrigation. 5,000 acres of rangeland rehabilitated Monthly distribution monitoring of all activities. Joint programme monitoring and self evaluation. On-site monitoring of progress and quality of outputs under FFA, distribution and beneficiary contact monitoring for the SuFP, joint programme monitoring and self evaluations. 100% of water supply projects WASH surveys, WASH sector updates, partner field monitoring. Government structures at national and sub-national level, WASH officers have strengthened capacity for disaster preparedness and contingency planning for effective coordination of emergency WASH interventions. At least 200 WESCOORD officers. WASH sector updates, training reports. Proportion of health and education institutions with WASH facilities that provide options for rainwater harvesting and storage. 60% of facilities installed in institutions in target areas. WASH sector reports. 45

51 Strategic objective #3 Increased commitment on the part of the Government of Kenya and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and provide durable solutions. Indicators Targets Monitoring method Humanitarian principles and priorities reflected in national and development initiatives. Humanitarian and disaster management priorities reflected in MTP II and Vision Support provided in implementation of Ending Drought Emergencies Country Plan. County level coordination mechanisms established with engagement from humanitarian partners. DRR priorities reflected in development of new UNDAF ( ). Reports from county planning and budgeting processes. Strategic plans. MTP II and UNDAF GoK /UN sector reports. Criteria for selection and prioritization of projects Selection criteria The project is consistent with the sector strategy and priorities and contributes towards the attainment of one or more of the overall strategic priorities. The project is based on needs-assessment outcomes. The project presents a clear target in the specified operational areas and does not duplicate activities implemented by other organizations. The implementing agency has a recognized capacity to implement the project and participates in existing coordination structures. The project is cost-effective in terms of the number of beneficiaries and the needs to which it responds. The project includes a clear monitoring and evaluation plan for quality control and reporting. The project is designed to reflect the different needs and concerns of men, women, girls and boys, and this is reflected in the achievement of gender code 1, 2a or 2b. The project reflects relevant cross-cutting concerns (age, disability, gender, GBV, protection from sexual exploitation and abuse / PSEA, HIV/AIDS and early recovery). Prioritization criteria Projects identified as high priority have been reviewed and assessed as meeting one of the following criteria: The needs to which the project responds have been identified by the sector as highest priority. The project is life-saving in nature. 46

52 Sector response plans Agriculture and Livestock Sector lead agency Funds required Contact information FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS $25,920,776 for 18 projects Robert Allport : Robert.Allport@fao.org Paul Omanga (Paul.Omanga@fao.org) Jordan Ramacciato (Jordan.Ramacciato@fao.org) Number of people in need Beneficiaries targeted in sector s EHRP projects (end-year target) Category of people in need Food and livelihood insecurity Female Male Election violence Floods Total Female Male Total ASAL areas 1,250, , , ,000 2,500, , ,000 1,000,000 Urban vulnerable Vulnerable in medium / high rainfall areas 800, , ,000 30,000 1,530, , , , , ,000 80,000 30, , ,000 84, ,000 Totals 2,350,000 1,500, , ,000 4,590,000 1,252, ,000 1,836,000 Explanation of number of beneficiaries targeted The Long Rains Assessment of August 2012 revealed that the impact of the drought is still felt. It estimated that more than 2.1 million people require assistance in Kenya s ASALs and some 1.3 million in urban areas. More than 450,000 people will need assistance in medium- and highrainfall areas. In addition, some 160,000 people who depend on agriculture and livestock remain at risk in floodprone areas around the country. Furthermore, the GoK, the UN and partners are preparing contingency plans and scenarios in case of violence and unrest leading up to and after the March 2013 elections. An estimated 580,000 vulnerable people could be affected, with serious disruptions to agriculture, livestock and the food supply. Overall, partners in the agriculture and livestock sector seek resources to target 1.8 million of the most vulnerable beneficiaries whose livelihoods are at risk, or some 40 per cent of the most vulnerable people in need. How the sector response plan will contribute to the strategic objectives The Agriculture and Livestock Sector response plan focuses on restoring and protecting the livelihoods of affected people. In agropastoral areas, the plan integrates emergency and development approaches. Under emergency approaches, the sector will meet immediate needs through seed distribution, livestock treatment, provision of livestock feed, livestock vaccinations and voucher-for-work activities. The livestock interventions will adhere as closely as possible to 47

53 the well-established Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards (LEGS). Regarding medium- and long-term resilience-building, the sector will continue to develop water-harvesting structures for humans, livestock and irrigation; soil and water conservation activities; rehabilitation of small-scale community-based irrigation schemes; community-based seed production; rangeland management; pasture production; and early warning information collection, analysis and dissemination. Sector objectives and output targets Strategic objective #2 Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters, and lessened chronic vulnerability by means of DRR and early recovery approaches. Sector objective 1 Strengthen the development of early warning mechanisms, food security information systems and vulnerability analysis to inform preparedness and response at national and county levels to reduce negative effects on men, women, children and other vulnerable groups in pastoral, agropastoral and marginal agricultural disaster-prone areas. Output: Regular updates on humanitarian situation Number of early warning, food security and livelihood assessments conducted 4 Output: Improved availability and analysis of early warning and food security information to facilitate decision making Percentage of targeted districts using Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) 80 Number of Government and NGO staff trained on IPC 50 Output: Early warning system and food security information in place and functional Number of early warning and food security information reports disseminated 4 Sector objective 2 Support vulnerable men and women in selected drought-affected parts of ASALs to protect and rebuild livestock assets through livestock-disease surveillance and control, restocking and destocking, fodder production, rangeland rehabilitation and training on resilience-related issues. Output: Regular and participatory livestock-disease surveillance Number of disease surveillance missions conducted and reports on disease outbreaks Number of service providers (partners) adopting mobile phone technology for reporting

54 Output: Rapid response mechanism to disease control in place and functional Number of livestock keepers feeding into rumour register (segregated by gender). Number of animals vaccinated and treated 500 Three million Output: Improved availability of fodder and pasture Area (acres) under fodder production 1,500 Output: Communities sensitized and mobilized in addressing natural resource management issues Inter-community peace negotiations conducted to improve access to grazing and water 30 Output: Selective restocking/destocking of vulnerable households Number of animals provided 10,000 Number of households restocked 2,000 Number animals destocked 2,000 Output: Improvement, functionality and sustainability of livestock markets supported through comanagement approach Number of livestock markets with improved infrastructure 40 Number of markets remaining functional throughout dry period 40 Sector objective 3 Facilitate vulnerable small-scale female and male farmers in marginal agriculture areas to sustainably improve their agricultural production by providing quality and suitable farm inputs and building their capacities to use improved production technologies. Output: Vulnerable households receive suitable and adapted drought-tolerant crop seeds Amount (MT) and value (Ksh) of various drought-tolerant seeds distributed to men, women and other vulnerable groups 600 MTs valued at 75 million Ksh ($0.9 million) Amount (MT) and value (Ksh) of crops produced 10,000 MTs valued at 300 million Ksh ($3.5 million) 49

55 Output: Training on improved dry land crop production technologies and diversification Number of people trained Types of trainings to be conducted 10 3,000 women and 2,000 men (inclusive of youth) Number of trainings to be conducted To be determined depending on geographical coverage Output: Capacity building on post-harvest handling, storage and linkages to markets Number of women and men trained on post-harvest handling and using improved storage facilities 3,000 women and 2,000 men (inclusive of the youth) Number of local metal silo artisans trained on metal silo technology segregated by gender Number of extension agents trained on detection, control and reporting of maize-lethal necrosis disease Number of maize-lethal necrosis disease surveillance missions conducted 20 Output: Promotion of community-based seed bulking to ensure seed resilience Types of improved drought-tolerant crop varieties identified for seed production through community-based seed bulking systems Amount (MT) of seeds of various improved drought-tolerant crops produced through community-based seed bulking systems Number of farmers trained and participating in community-based seed bulking MTs Sector objective 4 Increase resilience of vulnerable men, women and children in pastoral, agropastoral and marginal agricultural areas through climate change adaptation and DRR approaches. Output: Soil / water conservation and water-harvesting structures established Number of farmers that have conserved at least 0.5 acres of their farms through terracing/or other soil and water conservation structures 5,000 Area (acres) under soil and water conservation 2,500 Number of water harvesting structures (sand dams, open pans, dams) established 20 Output: Promotion of conservation agriculture Number of types of trainings conducted on CA 10 Number of people trained 500 Area (acres) under conservation agriculture 1,500 50

56 Output: Promotion of small-scale irrigation Number of people practicing small-scale irrigation 5,000 Area under small-scale irrigation 1,500 Number of small-scale irrigation schemes rehabilitated 10 Top-priority actions, beneficiaries and locations Agriculture The poor performance of the 2012 long rains resulted in the second to third successive poor or failed season in many parts of the south-eastern and coastal marginal agricultural zone. Households who currently have less disposable income, or who are unable to invest in livelihood activities, may need support to access quality inputs and enhance their harvest prospects. The priority actions that may be considered in 2013 are as follows: Action Provision of certified seed and fertilizers, and promotion of high-value traditional crops Promotion of water harvesting for irrigation activities and supporting the establishment of green houses Activities aimed at soil fertility improvement and soil conservation Promotion of appropriate post-harvest management techniques Locations (Districts) Tana River, Wajir, Ijara, Isiolo, Turkana, Samburu, Marsabit, Moyale, Meru North, Kitui, Mwingi, Makueni, Mbeere, Tharaka Moyale, Garissa, Ijara, Wajir, Samburu, Kieni, Laikipia, Koibatek, Kitui, Makueni, Mbeere, Tharaka Machakos, Mbeere, Baringo Meru North, Kieni, Makueni, Kitui, Mwingi, Machakos, Mbeere, Tharaka, Tana River Livestock The availability of pasture has been sustained since the end of the 2011 short-rains season in many pastoral areas. However, livestock trekking distances are increasing. There is also a need for enhanced disease surveillance, because increased livestock movements and concentrations near water points predispose them to contagious diseases. In addition, likely enhanced rains may precipitate outbreaks of vectorborne diseases such as Rift Valley Fever. The following are the main interventions to harness the advantages of expected above-average 2012 October- December short rains so as to enhance households resilience. Action Inter-community peace negotiations for improved access to grazing and water. Livestock-disease surveillance, treatment and vaccinations. Pasture and fodder crop establishment and conservation, and livestock feed supplementation Restocking and upgrading of livestock Locations (Districts) Isiolo, Turkana, Samburu, Marsabit Tana River, Wajir, Ijara, Isiolo, Turkana, Samburu, Marsabit, Moyale, Meru North, Kitui, Mwingi, Makueni, Mbeere, Tharaka, Kieni, Koibatek, Laikipia, Kajiado, Baringo. Isiolo, Garissa, Ijara, Mandera, Samburu, Turkana, Kieni, Laikipia, West Pokot, Kitui, Machakos, Mwingi, Mbeere, Meru North, Malindi, Kwale, Taita Taveta. Samburu, Turkana, Moyale, Marsabit, Kieni, west Pokot, Meru North, Tharaka, Makueni, Kitui and Mwingi 51

57 Table of proposed coverage per location Geographic Location State AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK North-eastern: Marsabit, Moyale, Garrissa, Turkana, Ijara, Isiolo, Mandera, Garbatula, Tana River Eastern and coastal marginal agricultural areas: Machakos, Mwingi, Mbeere, Makueni, Kitui, Kwale, Tharaka VSF Germany, IOM, FAO, VSF Swiss, Christian Aid, COOPI, ACTED Zinduka Afrika, FAO, ACF, Christian Aid, ADRA, VSF Germany, ACTED, Vetworks EA TOTAL: 7 TOTAL: 8 Rift Valley OXFAM, FAO TOTAL: 2 52

58 Coordination Sector lead agency Funds required Contact information OCHA in support of the Ministry of State for Special Programmes, National Drought Management Authority and technical sectors and National Disaster Operations Centre $4,032,356 for 5 projects Gabriella Waaijman (waaijman@un.org Patrick Lavand Homme (lavandhomme@un.org) Category of people in need Number of people in need Beneficiaries targeted in sector s EHRP projects (end-year target) Female Male Total Female Male Total Drought-affected 1,134, ,000 2,100,000 1,134, ,000 2,100,000 Refugees 333, , , , , ,788 Totals 1,467,525 1,306,263 2,773,788 1,467,525 1,306,263 2,773,788 Explanation of number of beneficiaries targeted In 2013, humanitarian coordination will continue to focus on people affected by recurrent drought in the ASAL areas, refugee populations and host communities, and other affected people including those currently and potentially affected by inter-communal conflict, and those who are highly vulnerable to shocks in urban areas. In the coming year, specific priority will be given to continued response to people most affected by drought in the ASAL areas, particularly those affected by additional shocks such as intercommunal conflict, insecurity and floods. In this regard, North-Eastern Province is of particular concern due to the profound impact of drought, inter-communal conflict, reduced access due to extremist violence and poor infrastructure, as well as the long-term and increased presence of refugees from Somalia. Assistance for refugees and programming in host communities will also remain a priority. In relation to preparedness for upcoming elections, 100, ,000 people could potentially require some form of humanitarian aid in the pre-election and election period between January and April How the sector response plan will contribute to the strategic objectives The sector response plan aims to support all three strategic objectives. In particular, the first strategic objective area will be supported by the continued management and reinforcement of humanitarian preparedness and response activities. The priority emphasis is continued response to disaster-affected people in the ASALs and refugee populations. In terms of preparedness activity, particular focus will remain on communities at high risk of inter-communal conflict in the pre-election and election period and the impacts of recurrent climatic shocks. In relation to the second priority related to building resilience, coordination will continue to focus on integrated efforts towards early recovery and disaster risk reduction. This will build primarily 53

59 on existing achievements and mechanisms, such as the Disaster Risk Reduction Platform, the District/County Steering Group, the Ending Drought Emergencies country programme and the outcome of the Post-Disaster Needs Assessment. This area will also focus on the continued provision of technical support for mainstreaming early recovery approaches and for announcing the National Disaster Management Policy. The third priority area focuses on the integration of humanitarian response issues in national and development frameworks. This is of key importance in Given the stabilization and improvement in the humanitarian situation in the country over the last year, it is envisaged that in the absence of a new large-scale disaster, there will be a reduction in consolidated humanitarian programming towards the end of 2013, with the exception of the refugee response and response in north-eastern Kenya. Therefore, it is vital that the humanitarian community works with national and development actors to ensure that key humanitarian response and disaster management issues are integrated into relevant development policies and frameworks. Key opportunities and entry points have been identified, including the second phase of the national Mid-Term Plan under the Government s Vision 2030, the recent formation of the National Drought Management Authority, the planning for the new UNDAF, the formation of the counties, the Ending Drought Emergencies country plan and the drafted National Disaster Management Policy. Safety and security of humanitarian personnel Due to the volatile security situation in the North-Eastern Province (NEP), humanitarian organizations operating in the area will likely continue to face elevated security risks for their personnel in the foreseeable future. In addition, humanitarian organizations are preparing for a response to potential election-related violence. To provide the necessary security support for these operations, UNDSS will require resources to upgrade the Emergency Communications System. It will also require personnel to be permanently deployed to the NEP and temporary staff for elections-related security support. Sector objectives and output targets Strategic objective #1 The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable people affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through life-saving assistance and protection as per national and international standards. Sector objective 1.1 Timely, effective and principled humanitarian action supported and mobilized Output: Coordinated needs based assistance provided in response to on-going and new emergencies Coordination mechanisms maintained and adjusted as needed Humanitarian country team, inter-sector working group and Humanitarian sectors maintain activities in line with terms of reference to provide coordinated support to emergencies. Preparedness plans in place for key hazards including floods and election related conflict Plans in place for coordination beyond phase out of partner support Dormant sectors activated when and if appropriate Floods CP updated in line with climatic outlook information Elections CP in place at national level and at sub-national level for high risk areas. 54

60 Strengthened coordination at sub national level and improved linkage between sub national and national coordination Sufficient and timely resources mobilised for humanitarian action Humanitarian preparedness and response activities are facilitated through the provision of common services Sub national coordination arrangements agreed for high risk areas, including county level coordination arrangements CERF requests supported and approved in the event of a new emergency ERF funds disbursed to support rapid response and to address key response gaps Greater equity of funding between sectors Appropriate security arrangements in place to facilitate coordination in the hubs during the pre-election period and to facilitate access in North Eastern Province Output: Ensure timely dissemination of early warning and needs assessment information to ensure early action Multi-sector rapid assessments undertaken in response to new sudden-onset emergencies. Rapid initial assessments undertaken within 2 weeks of any new sudden onset emergency requiring an interagency response Support to short rains and long rains multi-sector assessment lead by NDMA provide timely information on food security changes in ASALs Early warning information disseminated to key response actors and decision makers in a timely fashion Two assessments done and results disseminated One mid-season assessment carried over in case of early indication of abnormal rain Key decision-makers receive timely and relevant information. Decision-makers respond to and on the basis of early action and needs assessment information Output: Improved integration of cross-cutting issues into humanitarian response Cross-cutting issues reflected in preparedness and response plans 75% response plans reviewed to ensure incorporation of gender, GBV, PSEA, HIV/AIDS, age and disability Improved integration of cross-cutting issues into humanitarian reporting Improved capacity of sectors at national and subnational level for integration of gender, PSEA, GBV, HIV/AIDS, age and disability into humanitarian plans and programmes Reports developed using KIRA mechanism highlight cross cutting issues Use of age and disaggregated data in EHRP mid -year review reporting, in 75% of sectors Trainings provided at sub national and national level in at least three thematic areas Strategic objective #2 Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters, and lessened chronic vulnerability by means of DRR and early recovery approaches. Sector objective 2.1 Early recovery and disaster risk reduction approaches integrated within humanitarian preparedness and response plans 55

61 Output: Multi-hazard contingency and preparedness planning supported at sub-national level Support provided to the NDMA and MoSSP to ensure appropriate district and county level contingency plans are in place Hazard specific plans in place at hub level for floods and election preparedness 50% of priority counties have updated contingency plans in place Floods contingency plan reviewed and updated in advance of long and short rains Election contingency plans in place for all humanitarian support hubs Output: Coordination structures continue to promote and integrate DRR and early recovery in humanitarian preparedness and response. Relevant forums continue to support integration of DRR and early recovery and to highlight best practices Technical support provided for the integration of DRR and early recovery into humanitarian preparedness and response planning through the cross-cutting issues group Continued engagement by humanitarian partners in the National Disaster Risk Reduction platform Partnerships Support provided for the Ending Drought Emergencies country plan Strategic objective #3 Increased commitment on the part of the GoK and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and provide durable solutions. Sector objective 3.1 Improved integration of humanitarian priorities in development frameworks Output: Humanitarian priorities are integrated in upcoming development plans Humanitarian priorities integrated into the concept notes and national plans under the second phase of the Mid Term Plan (MTPII) under the Government s vision 2030 Priorities related to humanitarian response and disaster risk reduction reflected in planning for the UNDAF Humanitarian priorities in at least four sectoral areas reflected in MTP II Planning for UNDAF includes input of humanitarian partners Output: Advocacy and support provided for the implementation of relevant national policy and disaster management mechanisms Disaster Response Management policy adopted Pending DRM policy adopted and partners provide support for implementation Engage with county level structures to ensure partnership and support for disaster management at sub nation level Mapping of county level coordination mechanisms and who is doing what where in place 56

62 Top-priority actions, beneficiaries, and locations Actions: Of key priority in 2013 is preparedness for the upcoming general elections and ensuring sufficient capacity is in place to support the first line response to any humanitarian effects inter-communal conflict in the pre-election and election period. Also of key importance is continued multi-sector programming aligned with government of Kenya programming for those who continue to be affected by drought in the ASAL regions and particularly in the north east of the country where insecurity is a key concern. Continued assistance for refugees also remains a priority area of intervention. Beneficiaries: 664,000 refugees and host communities. 2.1 million people in arid and semi-arid areas affected by food and livelihoods insecurity. An estimated 100,000 to 150,000 who could potentially require assistance as the result of inter-communal conflict in the run up and surrounding elections between January and April Locations: ASAL areas (northern Rift Valley Province, Eastern Province, North Eastern Province, Coast) and province suffering from cumulative effects of drought and livelihood crisis. Urban informal settlements including in Nairobi, Mombasa where communities remain highly vulnerable to shocks. Southern areas of Rift Valley Province, Western, Nyanza, Upper Eastern, North Eastern, and Coast Table of proposed coverage per location Geographic Location ASAL areas of Coast, North Easter, Eastern and Rift Valley provinces Residual PEV IDPs, and Mau evictees Non-ASAL areas of Rift Valley, Nyanza and Western Urban informal settlements COORDINATION National Drought Management Authority, local authorities at provincial, county and district levels, District Steering Groups, UN agencies and NGOs Ministry of State for Special Programmes, local authorities, UN agencies and NGOs Local authorities at provincial, county and district levels, Disaster Management Committees, UN agencies, NGOs Ministry of State for Special Programmes, National Disaster Operations Centre, Urban Vulnerability Forum, UN agencies, NGOs 57

63 Education Sector lead agency Funds required Contact information Save the children and UNICEF/Ministry of Education $4,150,267 for 5 projects Sajjad Ismail (sismail@unicef.org) People in need and target beneficiaries Category of people in need Children in drought-prone areas Children in flood-prone areas Children in election violence prone areas including urban informal settlements Number of people in need Beneficiaries targeted in sector s CAP projects (end-year target) Female Male Total Female Male Total 233, , , , , ,000 10,780 11,220 22,000 9,800 10,200 20,000 31,850 33,150 65,000 26,950 28,050 55,000 Totals 276, , , , , ,000 Explanation of number of beneficiaries targeted The above numbers are arrived at by the following calculations: Children targeted for continued support in drought-affected areas 300,000 Estimated # of target children that might be affected by floods 20,000 Estimated # of target children that might be affected by election violence 55,000 The target number of children from drought-affected areas has been lowered from previous figures. The estimated number of children prone to election violence and floods are derived from OCHA estimations based on the most likely scenario. How the sector response plan will contribute to the strategic objectives The sector response plan will contribute to the strategic objectives as follows: Expanded school feeding programme to reach all children affected by the various emergencies; Extension of coordination mechanism to hubs through sector system; Assessments: the education sector will continue to conduct assessments of the impact of the emergency on education, schools and children to enable targeted and strategic follow-up of identified needs; Provision of educational supplies: temporary classrooms (tents) and teaching/learning materials including education kits and recreational kits; Provision of water and sanitation facilities in schools; Capacity Development: the Education Sector emergency group will continue to support the coordination of the emergency response and the monitoring and evaluation of the interventions through existing national coordination mechanisms. It will also provide 58

64 KENYA EMERGENCY HUMANTARIAN RESPONSE PLAN 2013 capacity building training for national and district level education officers on education in emergencies, EPRP and DRR; Peacebuilding Education; Advocacy: the Education Sector will advocate among key stakeholders to ensure that children s right to education during the emergencies are fulfilled. Sector objectives and output targets Strategic objective #1 The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable populations affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through life-saving assistance and protection as per national and international standards. Sector objective 1 Enhanced access to and provision of quality education for all school age boys and girls in emergency hit areas Output: Increase retention of children during emergencies # of children continue their education in drought-affected areas 300,000 # of children from flood / violence affected families have access to quality education 75,000 Output: Training of teachers on pedagogy and child-centred teaching methodologies Number of teachers trained in pedagogy and child-centred teaching techniques Output: School supplies provided in affected areas 3000 Number of pupils benefiting from school supplies in affected areas 375,000 Output: Expand emergency school feeding in emergency affected areas Number of pupils benefiting from emergency school feeding 375,000 59

65 Strategic objective #2 Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters and lessened chronic vulnerability means of DRR and early recovery approaches Sector objective 2 Enhanced preparedness and resilience at the national and sub-national levels to reduce the impact of disasters in the education sector. Output: School safety promoted as a key part of child friendly schools. Number of schools benefiting from safety promoting activities 1000 Number of pupils benefiting from safety promoting activities 375,000 Number of schools with emergency response plans 1,000 Output: Provide psycho-social support to teachers and children. Number of teachers trained on psycho-social skills 3,000 Number of children benefiting from the psycho-social programmes 375,000 Output: Promote resilience within the education sector Number of teachers trained on life skills, EPRP, DRR 3,000 Number of peacebuilding events conducted 1,000 Strategic objective #3 Increased commitment on the part of the GoK and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and provide durable solutions Sector objective 3 Increased commitment, coordination and response by GoK and development actors in addressing Education in Emergencies. Output: Data on impact of emergency on education collected, analysed and shared Assessments carried out and reports disseminated For all emergency situations Records of national and sub-national sector meetings Monthly meetings conducted; sub-national sectors at required districts activated. 60

66 Output: Strengthened capacity of MoE officials to respond to emergencies. Number of DEO and sub-national level stakeholders trained on Education in Emergencies Number of sub-national level stakeholders trained on EPRP 500 Number of counties where sub-national sectors are rolled out Top-priority actions, beneficiaries, and locations Priority Actions Location Resources Rapid assessment on children affected by the floods (disaggregated by gender); and education facilities and learning materials Provide children school feeding (Currently there are 800,000 million pupils with mid-day meal) Provision of temporary learning spaces and teaching/learning materials Provide WASH facilities in schools Capacity Building of DEOs and partners in Education in Emergencies Tana River/ Coast/ NEP/ Western Eastern, N/Eastern, Coast, Western, R/Valley, Nyanza, ASAL Districts. Tana River/ coast/ NEP/ Western Eastern, N/Eastern, Coast, western, R/Valley, Nyanza ASAL Districts. Tana River/ Coast/ NEP/ Western Eastern, N/Eastern, Coast, Western, R/Valley, Nyanza, ASAL Districts. Tana River/ Coast/ NEP/ Western Eastern, N/Eastern, Coast, Western, R/Valley, Nyanza, ASAL Districts. Tana River/ Coast/ NEP/ Western Eastern, N/Eastern, Coast, Western, R/Valley, Nyanza, ASAL districts Technical guidelines and resource people from MoE and partners available GOK- KSH.200 million ($2.3 million) budgeted for various kinds of emergencies affecting schools. However, this is not sufficient Partners and MoE to work together to position supplies. Funds needed Available resources GoK / MoE/ MoSSP MoE and UNICEF have resources available Table of proposed coverage per location Geographic Location EDUCATION Coast, North Eastern, Upper Eastern, Western and Nyanza ASAL and Informal Settlements UNICEF TOTAL: 1 WFP TOTAL: 1 North Eastern PISP, SC, MURDO TOTAL: 3 61

67 Food Assistance Sector lead agency Funds required Contact information WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP) $136,120,596 for 2 projects KORYUN ALAVERDYAN (Koryun.alaverdyan@wfp.org People in need and target beneficiaries Category of people in need Number of people in need Beneficiaries targeted in sector s CAP projects (end-year target) Female Male Total Female Male Total GFD 653, ,000 1,209, , ,000 1,090,000 FFA 219, , , , , ,000 CFA 262, , , , , ,000 Totals 1,134, ,000 2,100,000 1,070, ,000 1,981,000 Explanation of number of beneficiaries targeted The number of affected beneficiaries is based on Government-led biannual assessments conducted by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group after the long- and short-rains seasons. The assessments determine the vulnerability levels and affected people eligible for food assistance, after which the Government and WFP agree on a division of labour. The highest number of people expected to be affected/targeted in 2013 is based on the results of the 2012 long-rains assessment announced in September (covering October 2012 to March 2013). Given the positive forecast of enhanced rainfall in the 2012 short-rains season, it is expected that the number of drought-recovery households will reduce substantially. The above-mentioned 2.1 million (affected) people and 1.98 million (targeted) people does not include contingency for pre- or post-election violence. In case of violence and displacement on a scale that requires interventions, humanitarian agencies in the sector will revise their 2013 needs upwards based on the number of people affected and targeted. How the sector response plan will contribute to the strategic objectives The Food Assistance Sector response plan will contribute to the three strategic objectives. Firstly, GFDs are expected to provide food to the most affected vulnerable households in the ASALs during crises and lean periods. GFD will be used where asset-creation activities are not appropriate or not yet under way, and where links with other safety nets are critical to protecting livelihoods and addressing malnutrition. GFD will be reduced gradually over time, integrating emergency responses into early and extended recovery plans and safety nets such as HSNP, which is providing unconditional cash transfers. Secondly, under F/CFA, WFP will assist households and communities to improve their livelihood systems and address some of the DRR issues. Interventions will focus mainly on: i) improving access to water through water harvesting and management; ii) promoting dry-land agro forestry and fodder production, particularly where there are pastoralists; and iii) rehabilitating irrigation systems and degraded lands to enhance food, fodder and tree crops, complementing partners efforts to assist agropastoralists and marginal farmers. Whereas WFP-specific projects will be in 62

68 most of the ASAL areas, the three Rome-based agencies will implement joint programmes in Garissa, Mwingi and Turkana. The sector will continue supporting the Government to improve early warning surveillance systems and analysis, and contribute to the production of a monthly food security and nutrition bulletin. Early warning information will feed into and enhance response mechanisms during emergencies, along with resilience-building plans that reduce the need for emergency interventions. Reducing risks at the community level is part of preparedness activities under C/FFA. Sector objectives and output targets Strategic objective #1 The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable people affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through life-saving assistance and protection as per national and international standards. Sector objective 1 Assist emergency-affected households in reducing the impacts of shocks by addressing their food needs. Output 1.1: Food and non-food items distributed in sufficient quantity and quality to targeted beneficiaries under secure conditions. Numbers of women, girls and boys receiving food, by category and as % of planned. 100% Tonnage of food distributed, by type and as % of planned 100% Household food consumption score (% of households with acceptable food consumption). 80% Strategic objective #2 Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters, and lessened chronic vulnerability by means of DRR and early recovery approaches. Sector objective 2 Enhance communities resilience to shocks through asset creation, and increase government capacity to design and manage disaster-preparedness and risk-reduction programmes. Output 2.1: Disaster mitigation measures in place with WFP capacitydevelopment support Risk-reduction and disaster preparedness and mitigation systems in place, by type: early-warning systems and contingency plans 63

69 Output 2.2: Food, cash and non-food items distributed in sufficient quantity and quality to targeted beneficiaries Number of men, women, girls and boys receiving food, as % of planned 475,000 Tonnage of food distributed, as % of planned 100% Total cash/vouchers value (US$) distributed, as % of planned $26,981,680 Output 2.3: Disaster mitigation assets built or restored by targeted communities Risk-reduction and disaster-mitigation assets created or restored, by type and unit of measure See under output 2.4 Output 2.4: Support and re-establish livelihoods and food security after shocks Hectares (ha) of agricultural land benefiting from rehabilitated irrigation schemes (including irrigation canal repair, specific protection measures, embankments etc) Hectares (ha) of cultivated land treated and conserved with physical soil and water conservation measures only Hectares (ha) of gully land reclaimed as a result of check dams and gully rehabilitation structures Kilometre (km) of feeder roads rehabilitated (FFA) and maintained (self-help) Number of assisted communities with improved physical infrastructures to mitigate the impact or shocks in place as a result of project assistance Number of community water points for livestock uses constructed ( cbmt) 350 ha 5,040 ha 3,150 ha 150 km Number of fish ponds constructed (FFA) and maintained (self-help) 18 Number of shallow wells constructed 15 Number of trees seedlings produced 351,000 Sector objective 3 Support and re-establish livelihoods and food security aftershocks. Output 3.1: Food, cash and non-food items distributed in sufficient quantity and quality to targeted beneficiaries under secure conditions Numbers of women, men, girls and boys receiving food and non-food items, by category and as % of planned 475,000 Total cash/vouchers value (US$) distributed, as % of planned 100% % of beneficiaries receiving cash/vouchers on time 100% Quantities of non-food items distributed, by type and as % of planned 100% 64

70 Output 3.2: Developed, built or restored livelihood assets by targeted communities and individuals No indicators for monitoring. Top-priority actions, beneficiaries, and locations Preparedness for the upcoming general elections in Kenya is the top priority for early The Food Assistance Sector members are working jointly to mobilize food and cash resources sufficient to support any humanitarian action that will be required in case of large-scale conflict or violence that may lead to displacement of people in areas considered as hotspots. Preparedness actions will be guided by early warning information from various stakeholders. Food assistance to people affected or recovering from drought in ASAL areas will continue, with a strong emphasis on a gradual shift from relief to recovery/resilience building. Monitoring and evaluation of food/cash distributions and of projects implementations will be central to the success of the assistance. Evaluations will examine the impacts on household income and livelihood strategies and will monitor the shift from GFD to FFA, the transition from food assistance, disaster risk reduction and the benefits for adaptation to climate change resulting from improved resilience. A Community and Household Surveillance survey will be carried out three times a year to provide information on food security and the nutrition situation at critical times of the year. Table of proposed coverage per location and beneficiaries Geographic Location State Eastern Province North Eastern Province Coast Rift Valley FOOD ASSISTANCE Action Aid-Isiolo Food For the Hungry-Marsabit World Vision-Moyale, Makueni North Kenya Red Cross-Makueni South Catholic Diocese of Meru-Tharaka Catholic Diocese of Nyeri-Laikipia Catholic Diocese of Kitui-Kitui Action Aid-Mwingi Kenya Red Cross-Ijara, Garissa Arid Lands Development Focus (ALDEF)-Wajir Consortium of Cooperating Partners (COCOP)-Mandera Kenya Red Cross-Tana River, Malindi, Kwale World Vision Kenya-Kilifi, Taita Taveta Oxfam GB-Turkana North and Central World Vision-Turkana South, Baringo, East Pokot, west Pokot TOTAL: 7 TOTAL: 3 TOTAL: 2 TOTAL: 2 65

71 Health Sector lead agency Funds required Contact information WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION and Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation and Medical Services $15,625,091 for 8 projects Dr. Custodia Mandlhate ( WRkenya@ke.afro.who.int) People in need and target beneficiaries Category of people in need Number of people in need Beneficiaries targeted in sector s EHRP projects (end-year target) Female Male Total Female Male Total IDPs 300, , , , , ,000 Disease outbreaks 800, ,000 1,200, , , ,000 Mass casualty 10,000 10,000 20,000 1, ,000 Children 700, ,000 1,400, , ,000 1,000,000 Special vulnerable groups (HIV, gender etc.) 300, , , , ,000 Totals 2,110,000 1,510,000 3,620,000 1,731,500 1,150,500 2,882,000 Explanation of number of beneficiaries targeted The Health Sector partners will be asked to respond to various health emergencies such as disease outbreaks, the drought effects on health and mass casualty disasters from urban fires in Nairobi and other slums, election violence, terrorist attacks and other conflicts. The Sector has often responded promptly, thereby mitigating the impact of these disasters. El Niño-related flooding is forecast for the latter part of 2012, with direct effects and subsequent vectorborne disease outbreaks in The health emergency situation for 2013 appears precarious with persisting risks of disease outbreaks (measles, cholera, hepatitis E and vaccine-derived polio outbreaks are ongoing), insecurity and mass casualties. The health-care delivery system is still weak and overstretched; it will not be able to respond to any disaster or large-scale disease outbreak without humanitarian support from partners. The devolution of power to the county levels for the first time in 2013 will also require a lot of technical and structural support from partners in order to start operations, which may take years to be established. Mass displacement is estimated at 400, ,000 people due to conflict/insecurity, and 20,000 people due to food insecurity. The majority of those expected to be displaced will be women and children. Apart from the displaced population requiring health services, displacement will likely exacerbate gender-based violence. An estimated 5 to 10% of women and young girls among the displaced population could be affected. Conflict/insecurity could also lead to mass casualties. An estimated 20,000 mass casualties may occur, i.e. 5% of the displaced population. 66

72 In addition, 10,000 mass casualties are estimated from other hazards (e.g. fires). About 1 million children will need vaccination for measles, polio and vitamin A supplementation. The health risks will likely be most prominent in the 28 already identified potential conflict hotspots. Conflict and insecurity are also expected to disrupt health services, which will affect all people living in these areas, not only those displaced. Furthermore, the expected hazard/disaster conditions in 2013 will likely enhance the risk and transmission of diseases such as HIV, TB, respiratory tract diseases, acute watery diarrhoea, cholera and all other diseases of epidemic potential e.g. dengue fever, rift valley fever and malaria. It is estimated that 900,000 displaced and host populations will be affected by service disruption.. The current insecurity in the northern parts of the country is contributing to reduced access to primary health-care services for the most vulnerable people, as well as increased logistics costs to ensure the supply of essential medicines and other medical supplies. The ongoing measles (see map below), hepatitis E and cholera outbreaks in the refugee camps and host communities are unlikely to be contained if the current water and sanitation conditions prevail. At least 10% of the camp population will be at risk of infection, especially pregnant women, with varying degrees of severity. Kenya is just recovering from the post-drought effects, hence existing malnutrition levels are expected to improve progressively if there are no new foodsecurity shocks in Few districts, especially in the North-Eastern Province, will have malnutrition rates below the emergency threshold, but nutrition surveillance will be needed. There are 692 cases of multi-drug resistant tubercolusis registered in the country; more than 50% of these cases are refugees from neighbouring countries who require immediate humanitarian aid to avoid spreading the disease among the refugee and host population. There are indications that the number may reduce if the situation in Somalia improves. However, refugees health needs will persist as the camps are currently experiencing disease outbreaks and the water and sanitation challenges have not been resolved. These are compounded by cross-border challenges and easy transmission of diseases across the borders. Almost 3 million people will require some form of humanitarian support, including 1 million children and a similar number of women. How the sector response plan will contribute to the strategic objectives The Health Sector will encourage partnerships, collaboration and coordination for synergy and effectiveness of its actions. Coordination forums will be established at the national and county level and for the eight humanitarian hubs established. Leads will be identified based on comparative strength and ability to support Government structures for coordination, rapid health and-nutrition assessments, gaps identification and local capacity-building. The implementation of the Health Sector humanitarian response and local resilience-building activities will clearly identify cross-cutting issues such as HIV, gender, rights-based programming, protection, psycho-social, environment, equity, governance and community empowerment. As the Health Sector lead, WHO will facilitate the key support required from partners including coordinating humanitarian partners and activities, supporting rapid health-and-nutrition assessments, facilitating multi-sector and partner planning, standards and guidelines, and implementing activities and monitoring. Partner analysis and mapping are also critical. WHO will also support stakeholders at national and county levels for real-time information management and dissemination, identifying and filling gaps, and local capacity-building. UNFPA, also in coordination with partners, will complement and scale up existing sexual reproductive health 67

73 services among the crisis-affected communities and refugee populations by strengthening the implementation of minimum initial services package for REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH and advocating the prioritization of comprehensive reproductive health services as a vital component of primary health-care services. Sector objectives and output targets Strategic objective #1 The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable populations affected by natural and manmade disasters are met through life-saving assistance. Sector objective 1 Ensure that critical life-saving surge capacities (services, resources and supplies) are available and accessible to the vulnerable groups (mainly boys, girls and women), including mass casualty victims at key strategic locations in the arid and semi-arid regions. Output: Health Sector partners coordinated at national, county and district level Coordination forums established as percentage of planned 80% Partner analysis and mapping done of all participating partners 100% Partner mapping disseminated, and used to identify gaps 80% Joint health sector disaster response plans developed, as percentage of planned 100% Information management scheduled dissemination established at all levels 80% Rapid health and nutrition assessments conducted, as percentage of planned 80% Output: Preposition essential, drugs, laboratory reagents, basic equipment for epidemic diseases and materials, consumables, and health and REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH kits, especially for children and pregnant women at targeted locations Laboratory reagents and basic laboratory investigation kits available in target locations as percentage of planned District Health teams and Partners in strategic locations strengthened for rapid deployment in vulnerable areas in percentage of target districts Essential life-saving drugs available and deployed timely to at least eight (8) strategic locations (hubs) as percentage of planned 80% 80% 100% 68

74 Output: Identify key partners for provision of alternative life-saving health care services services to special vulnerable groups and also for logistics Partner mapping disseminated, and used to identify partners to address gaps 100% Partners and system identified for delivery of HIV and TB tracing and provision of house-based treatments established to cover target areas Partners for community based service provision and referral to the higher levels for pregnant women and children and survivors of gender-based violence established to cover target areas Coverage of emergency vaccination against measles and polio conducted for at least 400,000 children at risk in arid and semi-arid regions Capacity of district, provincial partners and hospitals to manage severe and complicated malnutrition enhanced in the vulnerable regions, as percentage of planned districts 100% 80% 80% 80% Output: Functioning early warning and alert network in most vulnerable counties and districts. Guidelines and tools for Early Warning and Response Networks available in targeted counties Orientation for district health teams and partners conducted for Early Warning and Response Networks Logistics support for district health teams and partners provided timely for investigation and reporting 100% 80% 80% Strategic objective #2 Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters, and lessened chronic vulnerability by means of DRR and early recovery approaches. Sector objective 2 Create awareness and increase community s public health capacity to demand and utilize essential Health and Nutrition services. Output: Support district health teams for integrated community health outreaches Technical guidelines and health education materials made available in targeted counties Training conducted for DHMTs, civil society organizations and community health workersin priority districts 100% 60% Resources mobilized and logistics support provided 60% 69

75 Monitoring and evaluation conducted 80% Output: Support vaccination of children less than five years in at least 10 counties Vaccines and consumables procured for target group 100% Training conducted for vaccination teams as percentage of planned 100% Resources provided for campaigns conducted (coverage) 95% Output: Identify and organize targeted public health education for special vulnerable groups at community level (women groups, survivors of gender-based violence, elderly and children in schools) Different target groups in at least 10 counties identified 100% Health promotion materials made available to target groups 100% Training conducted for DHMTs, CSOs, partners and CHWs in target districts 100% Number of women groups participating in health promotion activities 80% Strategic objective #3 Increased commitment on the part of the Government of Kenya and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and provide durable solutions. Sector objective 3 Support county level health sector governance structures in their commitment to disaster risk reduction and disaster management through leadership and governance at county level. Output: Forums for disaster response and resilience-building in counties established Advocacy with at least 10 county commissioners 100% At least 40% representation of women on health committees Quarterly health sector disaster committees and forum established as percentage of planned Health sector disaster preparedness and response conducted in priority counties 80% 7 out of 10 Disaster risk reduction and management plans developed in priority counties 7 out of 10 70

76 Early warning and alert response networks established in priority counties 70% Number of women groups engaged in health activities as percentage of planned 40% Top-priority actions, beneficiaries, and locations Actions: Emergency response and resilience-building Beneficiaries: 3,620,000 Locations: Rift Valley Province (Turkana, West and East Pokot, Garbatulla, Samburu, Laikipia, Kajiado, Baringo) Eastern Province (Isiolo, Marsabit, Moyale, Tanariver, Mwingi, Kitui, Yatta) North Eastern Province (Garissa, Mandera, Wajir) Coast Province (Taita, Kinango, Kwale, Kilifi) Table of proposed coverage per location Geographic Location State Nairobi Eldoret Nakuru Garissa Mombasa Isiolo Marsabit Turkana HEALTH WHO, NDOC, MoH, PHMT, CHT, DHMT, IOM, Kenya Red Cross, Sector members WHO, PHMT, CHT, DHMT,IOM, Kenya Red Cross, UNFPA, UNICEF, MERLIN WHO, PHMT, CHT, DHMT, Kenya Red Cross, UNFPA, UNICEF WHO, PHMT, CHT, DHMT, Kenya Red Cross, Islamic Relief, IRC, GIZ, MSF, UNFPA, UNICEF, MERLIN WHO, PHMT, CHT, DHMT, Kenya Red Cross, UNFPA, UNICEF WHO, PHMT, CHT, DHMT, Kenya Red Cross, IOM, UNICEF WHO, PHMT, CHT, DHMT, Kenya Red Cross, IOM, UNICEF WHO, PHMT, CHT, DHMT, Kenya Red Cross, Catholic Diocese, MERLIN, IRC, UNFPA TOTAL: ALL TOTAL: 9 TOTAL: 7 TOTAL: 12 TOTAL: 7 TOTAL: 8 TOTAL: 8 TOTAL: 9 Kisumu WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA TOTAL: 3 71

77 Multi-Sector for Refugees Sector lead agency Funds required Contact information UNHCR $433,301,840 for 11 projects Ivana Unluova People in need and target beneficiaries Category of people in need Number of people in need Beneficiaries targeted in sector s EHRP projects (end-year target) Female Male Total Female Male Total Refugees 333, , , , , ,788 Host Communities 199, , ,325 24,750 25,250 50,000 Totals 723,788 Explanation of number of beneficiaries targeted 100% of the refugees and asylum seekers in Kenya are targeted. The planning figures for each of the three main refugee locations are: Dadaab 463,788 Kakuma 145,000 Urban (Nairobi) 65,000 In total, 49.5% of the population are women, however, in Kakuma women account for 46.2%. Only 45.5% of the total refugee populations are adults above 18 years, including 3.1% who are seniors (above 60). On the other hand, children and youth constitute 54.5% of all refugees in Kenya. The host communities only include populations residing in the immediate vicinity of the camps that will be targeted by planned interventions. How the sector response plan will contribute to the strategic objectives The multi-sector response plan will contribute towards the strategic objective 1: The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable populations affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through life-saving assistance and protection as per national and international standards. The core objectives are to provide protection to refugees and asylum seekers; ensure delivery of basic services; and support durable solutions. Specifically, under protection, priority will first be to secure access to asylum and international protection for asylum-seekers; preserve the asylum space across the Kenyan territory and maintain the civilian character of camps; and secondly, to facilitate refugee access to basic services; and find durable solutions, including voluntary repatriation, where feasible, in safety and dignity. To help achieve these ends, UNHCR as the sector lead, will foster strategic partnerships with key national and international partners, as well as refugees themselves through their increased participation in the services delivery in the camps and self-management structures. Livelihoods and self-reliance of refugees will be prioritized mainly for the urban caseload. Refugees in the camps will also be supported in skills development, training and viable business venture establishment. 72

78 Priority will be given to ensuring that all people of concern in camps or urban centres are protected in accordance with national law and the relevant international conventions. The protection of vulnerable groups such as single women headed-households; children, including those unaccompanied or separated from their families; the elderly; and people with special needs will feature prominently in protection activities. Efforts will continue to support the Kenyan Government s refugee management structures by working closely with the Department of Refugee Affairs (DRA), the relevant ministries in Nairobi, and the authorities in the refugee-hosting counties of Garissa and Turkana. The review of the security partnership between the Government and UNHCR is likely to lead to further improvement in the security situation in Dadaab and the preservation of law and order in the Dadaab and Kakuma camps, and to address the national security concerns about the large refugee presence especially in north-eastern Kenya. The multi-sector members, especially those working on both sides of the Somalia border will facilitate voluntary repatriation to Somalia that is informed and, where feasible, undertaken in safety and with dignity. UNHCR and its partners will organize the collection and dissemination of objective and balanced information on areas of return. Other durable solutions opportunities, notably resettlement, will continue to be pursued for refugees whose particular situation warrants relocation from the country. Multi-sector objectives and output targets Strategic objective #1 The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable populations affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through life-saving assistance and protection as per national and international standards Multi-sector objective 1 To ensure physical and legal rights of people of concern (men, women, girls and boys) are safeguarded through protection measures including registration, refugee status determination, legal assistance, sexual and gender-based violence response and child protection Output: Protection from crime strengthened Extent security management system effective in ensuring security of people of concern # of police in camps/communities % Output: Protection of children strengthened 73

79 # of UASC for whom a best interest determination has been initiated or completed 6,310 # of out-of-school adolescents participating in targeted programmes 1280 # of unaccompanied children placed in alternative care arrangements 240 Output: Risk of GBV reduced and quality of response improved # of reported incidents of SGBV per year 200 % of known SGBV survivors who received support 100% Multi-sector objective 2 To provide lifesaving multi-sector humanitarian aid to refugees and asylum seekers in Kenya with particular attention to women, children and people with specific needs Output: Health status of the population improved Under five mortality rate (per 1000 /month) 0.2 per 1000 population per month Crude mortality rate 0.2 per 1,000 population/month Measles vaccination coverage 95% # of people referred to secondary and tertiary medical care by gender 84,000 # of people receiving primary health care services 664,000 # of health facilities equipped/constructed/rehabilitated 6 Output: Population has optimal access to reproductive health and HIV services MMR 0 % of live births attended by skilled personnel 90% % of rape survivors receiving PEP within 72 hours of an incident 100% of those that reported within 72 hours incident Output: Nutrition well-being improved Prevalence of GAM (6-59 months) 4% % of people receiving complementary food commodities 16% (all under-fives) Output: Shelter and infrastructure established/improved/maintained 74

80 % of households living in adequate dwelling 60% # of transitional shelters provided 12,500 transitional shelters constructed #of emergency shelters provided 6,000 emergency shelters # of buildings/structures constructed 25 public buildings /structures constructed # of camps established One camp established for 20,000 people Output: Supply of potable water increased or maintained Average number of litres of potable water available per person 20 litres per person/day # of people per tap stand 80 person/tap # of boreholes drilled 4 boreholes drilled # of meters of water pipes established 51,000 meters of water pipes established Output: Population lives in satisfactory sanitation and hygiene conditions % of PoC receiving 250gr soap/per/month 100% # of household sanitary facilities/latrines constructed 17,000 # of women with sanitary supplies 120,000 Output: Population has optimal access to education % of PoC aged 6-13 years enrolled in primary education 68% Dadaab, 50% Kakuma # of educational facilities constructed and accessible for classes 16 schools constructed in Dadaab and 42 classrooms in Kakuma # of people participating in vocational education 5,000 # of PoC enrolled in secondary education by gender 6,082 in Dadaab Output: Services for people with specific needs strengthened # of people with disabilities receiving specific support 14,800 Output: Population has optimal access to energy % of households with access to sustainable energy 48-50% Output: Self-reliance and livelihoods improved 75

81 # of women and men supported with small business establishment grant 7% % of adult women and men of working age with own business/selfemployed. 25 % Multi-sector objective 3 Promote durable solutions for refugees through facilitation of resettlement and voluntary repatriation processes Output: Potential for voluntary return realised % of PoC with intention to return who have returned voluntarily 100% # of PoC provided with dignity returnee kits 2,000 Output: Potential for resettlement realised # of resettlement cases identified 3,700 Number of cases identified submitted for resettlement 3,700 Top-priority actions, beneficiaries and locations Actions: Improving refugees physical security, living standards, livelihoods and resilience with focus on expanding investments in law and order, improving social services and infrastructure, providing adequate shelter, providing low-cost services and renewable energy sources, enhancing school enrolment, retention and graduation rates, training refugees in marketable skills, and helping small-scale entrepreneurs with start-up grants. Beneficiaries: Mainly Somali refugees and asylum seekers in Dadaab camps: 463,788 refugees; refugees and asylum seekers of various nationalities in Kakuma camp: 145,000; Refugees and asylum seekers in urban areas: 60,000. Locations: Dadaab refugee complex (Dadaab and Alinjugur camps), Kakuma camp, Nairobi and other urban centres with refugee populations. 76

82 Table of proposed coverage per location Geographic Location State MULTI-SECTOR FOR REFUGEES DADAAB CAMPS KAKUMA CAMP URBAN AREAS (Nairobi, other urban centres) DRA, ADEO, AVSI, CARE International, CESVI, DRC, FaIDA, FilmAID, Handicap International, GOAL, IRC, IOM, LWF, Kenya Red Cross Society, MSF Suisse, NCCK, NRC, Save the Children, Islamic Relief Worldwide, Oxfam UK, Relief, Reconstruction and Development Organisation, WFP, WHO, UNICEF, Windle Trust UK, IMC, ACF. DRA, AVSI, CESVI, Don Bosco, DRC, FAIDA, FILMAID, IRC, JRS, LWF, NCCK, NRC, WFP, UNICEF, Kenya Magistrates and Judges Association Centre for Domestic Training and Development CDTD), DRA, IRC, DRC, HIAS, JRS, RCK, Kenya Magistrates and Judges Association, Legal Advise Centre( Kituo Cha Sheria) TOTAL: 27 TOTAL: 15 TOTAL : 9 77

83 Nutrition Sector lead agency Funds required Contact information UNICEF and Division of Nutrition - MoPHS $50,710,861 for 18 projects Brenda AKWANYI (bakwanyi@unicef.org) People in need and target beneficiaries 6 Category of people in need Children (boys and girls) <5 yrs. affected by acute malnutrition Women affected by acute malnutrition Children (boys and girls) <5 yrs., for other 7 nutrition services Number of people in need Beneficiaries targeted in sector s EHRP projects (end-year target) Female Male Total Female Male Total 135, , ,500 18, , ,500 29,281 29,281 29,281-29, , ,290 1,644, , ,832 1,315,664 Women, for other 483, , , ,759 nutrition services 8 Children (boys and girls) <5 yrs. and women( contingency for pre-post-election), nutrition services 36,000 36,000 Explanation of number of beneficiaries targeted Nutrition surveys carried out in the ASAL areas in 2012 indicate that there has been a significant reduction in GAM and SAM levels in selected areas (Turkana, Mandera, Moyale and Kajiado) due to increased access of quality high impact nutrition interventions and the food security improvements from food and non-food interventions. 9 The expected caseload of children (boys and girls) under five suffering from acute malnutrition in ASAL has declined from 385,000 January 2012 to 300,000 as of October However, the situation in Wajir County and Mandera East had not improved due to continuing food insecurity. Mandera and Wajir counties account for 75,644 (25%) of expected caseloads. 10 In urban informal settlements about 9,500 children (boys and girls) will require treatment for acute malnutrition in The difference in child malnutrition between the wealthiest and poorest households is twice as great in urban areas (vs. rural), 6 It is planned to collect information and report on other groups(living with HIV/AIDS, female headed households, elderly women, women and children with disabilities) through sex and age disaggregating. 7 Children (boys and girls) receiving micronutrients and maternal, infant and young child feeding nutrition services. 8 Women( pregnant and lactating,adolescents) and receiving micronutrients and maternal, infant and young child feeding nutrition services. 9 Kenya Nutrition Survey Summary updates, October DHIS nutrition data

84 highlighting the inequities of urbanization and affecting 1.7 million children living in poverty in urban areas. Kenya has experienced violence during campaign periods, as well as during and after elections. As part of the humanitarian pillar contingency planning for the 4 March general election, 150,000 people are estimated to be displaced between September 2012 and April The Nutrition Sector plans to respond to 36,000 under-five children (boys and girls) and PLWs displaced in case of pre- and post-election violence. How the sector response plan will contribute to the strategic objectives The Nutrition Sector response plan is in line with the Kenya Nutrition Action Plan that serves as a road map for coordinated implementation of nutrition interventions by the Government and nutrition stakeholders. It has 11 strategic objectives whose goal is to promote and improve nutrition status of all Kenyans. The Nutrition Sector response plan will contribute to strategic objective 1 through preventive and curative actions for under-five children (boys and girls) and women affected, including droughtaffected, urban poor and displaced populations. This will be done through the provision and access of High Impact Nutrition Interventions in all ASALs and in vulnerable urban contexts. Building capacity of communities to demand and utilize nutrition services by scaling up behaviour change, communication strategies and enhancing the participation of men, women, boys and girls in nutrition surveillance will contribute to strategic objective 2 on enhanced communities resilience. Recognizing the changes anticipated with the new devolved government structures and the phasing to long-term government development, the sector intends to increase county level commitment and leadership of effective nutrition response through strengthened county coordination and use of sex and age disaggregated data in the new information systems and survey guidelines to elaborate other vulnerable groups for evidence based nutrition response and programming. Sector objectives and output targets Strategic objective #1 The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable populations affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through life-saving assistance and protection as per national and international standards. Sector objective 1.1 To contribute to the reduction of morbidity and mortality in under-five children (boys and girls) and women through preventive and curative actions to affected populations, including droughtaffected, urban poor and displaced populations. Output: Under-five children (boys and girls) and women affected by acute malnutrition have increased access to treatment at health facility and community level Inter-sector working group draft on inter agency pre and post- election contingency planning 2012/ Targeted beneficiaries (75% severely malnutrition and 50% moderate malnutrition: Sphere Standards) 79

85 Severely malnourished children (boys and girls) accessing treatment 75% Moderate malnourished children (boys and girls) accessing treatment 50% Malnourished PLW accessing treatment 50% Output: Increased performance of management of acute malnutrition for children (boys and girls) and women Severely malnourished children (boys and girls) accessing treatment who recover 80% Moderate malnourished children (boys and girls) accessing treatment who recover 80% Malnourished PLW accessing treatment who recover 80% Output : Improved infant and young-child feeding practices Infants initiating breastfeeding within one hour of birth 70% Children (boys and girls) < 6 months old exclusively breastfed 60% Children (boys and girls) aged 6-23 months who receive foods from 4 or more food groups 80% Children (boys and girls) 6 to 23 months of children receiving food in a day (food frequency) (dietary diversity) Output: Increased coverage of vitamin A supplementation for children under five Children 6-59 months (boys and girls) receive vitamin A supplement (twice yearly Output: Increased coverage of iron/folic supplementation for pregnant women 65% PLW supplemented with iron folate 80% Output: Increased coverage of deworming Children 1-5 years (boys and girls) presenting at health facility dewormed 80% Output: Increased coverage of zinc supplementation in children (boys and girls) presenting with diarrhoea Children 6 months -5 years (boys and girls) supplemented with zinc during episodes of diarrhoea 75% Strategic objective #2 Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters, and lessened chronic 80

86 vulnerability by means of DRR and early recovery approaches. Sector objective 2.1 To improve community resilience by building capacity of men, women, boys and girls to demand and utilize nutrition services and linkages with other existing sectors. Output: Increased multi-sectoral linkage for nutrition outcomes Nutrition projects in EHRP 2013 with links to WASH, Health, Agriculture and Livestock, Food Security at objective and operational level 80% Health facilities delivering HINI as per standards 80% Key nutrition and gender sensitive advocacy messages developed and shared with community support groups and other sectors 100% Strategic objective #3 Increased commitment on the part of the GoK and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and provide durable solutions. Sector objective 3.1 To increase county level commitment and leadership of effective nutrition response through strengthened coordination and information systems. Output: Strengthened sectorial linkages and coordination mechanisms at county level and improved quality and timeliness of reporting and use of data Counties with complete monthly nutrition reports (sex and age disaggregated) used at county coordination foras 80% Counties having monthly nutrition coordination meeting 80% Sector objective 3.2 Increase the recognition and investment of nutrition related interventions by the Government of Kenya and development partners through communication and advocacy. Output: Nutrition objectives, activities and budgets reflected in county planning and budget processes. County plans reflect the Kenya Nutrition Action Plan objectives and activities 80% Funding to Nutrition within the health sector budget increased 3% 81

87 Top-priority actions, beneficiaries, and locations Actions: Continued scale-up and delivery of the 11 high-impact nutrition interventions packages focusing on mother and infant feeding, micronutrient supplementation and management of acute malnutrition. Efficient coordination mechanism both at national and county levels. Efficient nutrition information system for situational analysis/ early warning and routine reporting with sex and age disaggregated data collected and analysed to enhance equitable evidence based programming. Capacity building of community support groups, counties and partners on planning and budgeting for nutrition services. Timely and adequate procurement and distribution of essential nutrition supplies. Beneficiaries: 309,500 - Children (boys and girls) <5 yrs. affected by acute malnutrition (ASAL and urban) 29,281 - PLW affected by acute malnutrition. 1,315,664- Children (boys and girls) receiving micronutrients and maternal, infant and young child feeding nutrition services. 386,759 - Pregnant women receiving micronutrients and maternal, infant and young child feeding nutrition services. 30,000 children (boys and girls) and 6000 PLW- contingency for displacement due to pre- and post-election conflict. Locations: -Rift Valley Province (Turkana, West and East Pokot, Garbatulla, Samburu, Laikipia, Kajiado, Baringo) -Eastern Province (Isiolo, Marsabit, Moyale, Tanariver, Mwingi, Kitui, Yatta) -North Eastern Province (Garissa, Mandera, Wajir) Coast Province (Taita, Kinango, kwale, kilifi) 82

88 Table of proposed coverage per location Geographic Location NUTRITION Wajir Save the Children, Islamic Relief TOTAL: 2 Mandera Save the Children, Islamic Relief, Pastoralist against Hunger TOTAL: 3 Turkana World Vision, Merlin, IRC TOTAL: 3 Garissa Mercy USA, Tdh, IRC TOTAL: 4 Samburu World Vision IMC TOTAL: 2 Marsabit /Moyale FHI, Concern WW, World Vision TOTAL: 4 West Pokot ACF TOTAL: 1 Mwingi Mercy USA TOTAL: 11 Tanariver IMC TOTAL: 1 Isiolo/ Garbatulla ACF TOTAL: 1 Kajiado Concern WW, Mercy USA TOTAL: 2 Kitui World Vision, Samaritan Purse TOTAL: 2 East Pokot/ Baringo World Vision TOTAL: 1 Laikipia IMC TOTAL: 1 Meru North IMC TOTAL: 1 Kinango/Kwale/Kilifi Mercy USA, WVI TOTAL: 2 Kisumu Concern WW TOTAL: 1 Nairobi Concern WW TOTAL: 1 Kenya(county-wide) MOH, UNICEF, WFP, WHO TOTAL: 4 83

89 Protection Sector lead agency Funds required Contact information UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES $10,233,095 for 10 projects JACQUELINE PARLEVLIET SALATON LETEIPAN People in need and target beneficiaries Category of people in need Number of people in need Beneficiaries targeted in sector s EHRP projects (end-year target) Children Female Male Total Children Female Male Total IDPs 133, ,908 79, , , ,908 79, ,016 Totals 133, ,908 79, , , ,908 79, ,016 Increased occurrences of child protection concerns and conflict-related sexual violence are common in the context of natural disasters and conflict based conflicts (including pastoralist communities clashing over meagre water and other resources). 13 Lastly, the intense campaigns leading up to the March 2013 elections may disrupt seasonal farming activities such as land preparation. They could also disrupt the distribution of main staples from the surplus-producing to the deficit/consumption markets, hence affecting food security. Sustainable resettlement, return and durable solutions The implementation of the government s land resettlement programme for 2007/08 PEV IDPs intensified during the first half of 2012 with the government instituting an inter-ministerial taskforce dedicated to identification and purchase of resettlement land. An alternative land purchase procedure was also launched by the government to fast-track the resettlement programme. 14 As a result of the accelerated resettlement programme a total of 4,905 PEV IDP households have been resettled from the initial 6, Consequently, a substantial number of the 21 officially- 13 The report, Out of wedlock, into school: combating child marriage through education, by the UN s Special Envoy for Global Education, Mr. Gordon Brown cites Kenya as a country where child marriages sometimes increase during periods of crisis, a phenomenon referred to as drought brides. 14 Publicized and appeared in the Daily Nation and the Standard of Thursday 17 th February 2012.It is spearheaded by the local provincial administration in the targeted areas. 15 A large-scale resettlement exercise was undertaken at Wiyumiririe farm in Laikipia East where a total of 1,600 IDPs households (translating to an estimated 5,000 individuals) were resettled by the government between March and April Widespread threats for displaced people include the risk of prolonged displacement and lack of alternatives for return, reintegration and/or resettlement for vulnerable people due to loss of assets and resolution of the cause of their displacement. A prominent fear of displaced people is to not be able to return to their places of origin or get assistance to rebuild their lives. There is an urgent need to identify areas where return is possible in the short or medium term, as well as resettlement options with sustainable solutions for groups of displaced who cannot return to their former homes or livelihoods. 84

90 established IDP camps have been closed with only a few transit camps remaining. 16 Humanitarian aid by the government for IDP returnees has been generally constrained with little support for the long-term needs of the formerly displaced people. 17 Land based solutions and restitution need to be explored. Considerable challenges remain in the promotion of healing and reconciliation in areas that registered significant violence during the 2007/08 post-election violence. The NCIC in collaboration with other stakeholders continue to implement peace-building activities and programmes. Peace and Reconciliation Committees have been established in post-election areas. The government has deployed Special District Officers trained in peace and conflict resolution to post-election violence areas. Healing and reconciliation have witnessed increased involvement of local and national politicians. However, formerly displaced people and IDPs continue receiving threats of further eviction every time there are political conflicts at the national level. An apparent threat to IDPs includes the risk of prolonged displacement and lack of alternatives for return, reintegration and/or resettlement for vulnerable people due to loss of assets and resolution of the cause of their displacement. A prominent fear of displaced people is to not be able to return to their places of origin or get assistance to rebuild their lives. 18 There is an urgent need to identify areas where return is possible in the short- or medium-term, as well as resettlement options with sustainable solutions for groups of displaced people who cannot return to their former homes or livelihoods. There is also an urgent need for provision of objective, reliable and accessible information targeting the affected populations, including illiterate people, at all levels for the population to better understand the on-going relief, assistance and durable solutions programmes. Further, addressing inter-communal tension and violence, as well as land and property related disputes are critical in facilitating durable solutions. Reintegration and/or resettlement are a key need across all affected provinces. There is continued need for access to legal redress mechanisms and legal assistance encompassing restitution measures to aid document recovery and durable solutions. Psycho-social counselling for PEV IDPs has also been identified as a gap, especially amongst girls and boys where the need is deemed acute. 19 In the lead up to the general elections, the public and media attention on IDPs has increased with political leaders using the IDP problem as a political resource. The political elite are using the IDPs to bargain their various political positions, including forming political alliances. At the same time, there are concerns that the concept of IDP is used increasingly in reference to members of one ethnic community, yet other communities suffered displacement and deaths during the crisis as well. This has and continues to undermine efforts to promote healing and reconciliation, and national cohesion in general. 16 In spite of these efforts, over 2,000 Kenyan refugees are still in Uganda awaiting the negotiation of a tripartite agreement between UNHCR and the governments of Kenya and Uganda. A sticking point in the on-going negotiations is the proposal by UNHCR for the introduction of a restitution clause. 17 This has been documented in KNCHR s comprehensive and systematic monitoring of the situation of PEV IDPs and contained in KNCHR s 2011 report titled Homeless at Home. 18 This has been documented in KNCHR s comprehensive and systematic monitoring of the situation of PEV IDPs IDPs and contained in KNCHR s 2011 report titled Homeless at Home. 19 According to the Ministry of Special Programs, most counselling has so far only targeted adult women and men and excluded young boys and girls. A key component in an EHRP project proposal submitted by DRC is to provide psychosocial counselling to PEV IDPs in the Rift Valley. 85

91 Sustained monitoring and strategic engagement of relevant stakeholders by the members of the Protection Sector is important to ensure that the government fully and effectively implements Agenda Item 2 on reforms. 20 Child protection The child protection system in Kenya is still in the nascent stages of development. National priority areas for intervention during times of emergency continue to be identified thematically, such as reunification of separated children, prevention and response to sexual violence, and provision of psycho-social support in the form of child-friendly spaces. Children affected by post-election violence continue to suffer psycho-social distress. They struggle to find alternatives to harmful coping mechanisms adopted during displacement, such as sex work. While many children affected may have returned home to their families under the umbrella of the Department of Children Services Reunification of Separated Children Program over the course of , there has been a proliferation of street children in urban areas of the Rift Valley. During a profiling of over 2,400 street children conducted in 5 locations in 2011, 37% of children reported that they were displaced as a result of PEV. The study highlights the long-term impact of emergencies, with a significant number of those displaced by PEV only joining the streets in 2011 (22%). Almost half of the children interviewed had been affected in some way by an emergency (PEV, tribal clashes, drought or flooding). Food insecurity was by far the most significant push factor, with 59% of children reporting hunger as one of the reasons for coming to the streets. This assessment is supported by NGOs working in areas such as Eldoret and Nakuru, who report that the number of school drop-outs and children who are sent to beg or work on the street, due to lack of livelihood options among IDP families, has increased significantly. 21 With the gradual onset of drought in Wajir, Marsabit, Isiolo, northern Garissa, northern Tana River, and Mandera areas, the already vulnerable situation of many pastoralist and impoverished children has been exacerbated. There is evidence that children are being separated from their families and either left behind while parents seek work, food or security. In the alternative, some children have been placed in boarding schools or charitable children s institutions. In some instances, children (primarily adolescent boys) separate from their families and migrate to urban areas, thus becoming part of a burgeoning street children population. 22 Children living on the streets and separated children are more at risk of dropping out of school and being exposed to exploitative work situations, sexual violence and abuse. Other child protection concerns caused by the drought, highlighted in agency reports and targeted assessments, include children engaged in labour, children dropping out of school, instances of early marriage (sometimes 20 Addressing humanitarian crises as provided by the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Framework in the context of the National Accord and Reconciliation Act, A baseline study on children connected to the streets was carried out by Save the Children in 2011, organized under the auspices of the National Protection Working Group on Internal Displacement (PWGID) in collaboration with fieldbased groups and local government in five urban locations in the Rift Valley. The study profiled over 2,400 children connected to the streets, and highlighted strong links between emergencies in the region and children joining the streets. The study emphasizes the need for long-term planning in the provision of humanitarian responses, as well as the need for a multi-sectoral strategy which addresses the root causes rather than the symptoms of the issues which lead children to connect with the streets 22 For instance the DCO in Eldoret reports an increase in street children, with at least a third coming from Turkana and Kitale citing poverty and lack of food as the reason for being on streets. Lodwar has seen an increase of children living on the streets with projection that estimated number of 300 will increase in the coming period. In Kitale there is according to local NGO working with street children around 1,400 children and every week, the number increases with four children. 86

92 condoned by the parents), children, especially girls, engaging in commercial sex and a rise in instances of GBV. 23, Gender-based violence (GBV) While the prevalence of gender-based violence is believed to remain high, it is difficult to provide accurate statistics due to the lack of a GBV Information Management System (GBVIMS) to collect and analyse data for evidence and for programming. Accordingly, there is a need to introduce GBVIMS in health facilities within communities. All four key sectors (medical, psycho-social, security and legal) need to work more closely to respond comprehensively to GBV cases and to conduct awareness raising activities on GBV within the communities, with a view to enhancing prevention and response. It is also critical that the Protection Sector adopt a multi-sectoral approach to prevention of GBV, for example by working with other sectors to ensure that the location of water, sanitation and shelter facilities does not increase vulnerability to GBV. The risk of human trafficking and/or smuggling for exploitative labour, prostitution, etc., increases in displacement situations due to the effect of obstructed livelihood options. 24 Attention also needs to be focused on the increased risk of HIV during humanitarian crises, particularly when there are high levels of GBV. Related concerns include the direct link between food insecurity and the ability to take ARVs, and the fact that although PEP commodities are available, there is a limited ability to deliver these services. The response to individual HIV cases also needs to be linked in with a continuum of HIV-related services, including a combination of prevention services: i.e., bio-medical, behavioural and structural. Legal framework and coordination During the course of 2012, there have been significant developments in the legal and policy framework in the protection and assistance of IDPs in Kenya. On 4 October, the 2012 IDP Bill, successfully underwent its 3 rd Reading in Parliament and is awaiting presidential assent prior to its enactment. 25 On policy formulation, the draft National Policy on the Prevention of Internal Displacement and the Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons in Kenya (draft IDP Policy) is under revision by MoSSP following consultation with the Ministry of Lands. Subsequently, the draft policy shall be re-worked into a Sessional Paper for adoption by the Cabinet. 23 In urban centres of Turkana district notable increase of children engaged in begging, hawking, getting employed by adults, including in the fishing industry, are being reported. 24 Rapid assessments and protection monitoring conducted in 2011 among pastoralist dropouts and IDPs in Kakuma and Garissa and post-election violence area demonstrate a high prevalence of female-headed families/households through family separation or death; increased rural-urban migration in search of employment opportunities, mainly by the bread winners; and a high rate of female school dropouts. A counter trafficking campaign evaluation report (June 2010) indicates that a lack of information of the risks of human trafficking and weakened community coping mechanisms are major contributing factors that need to be addressed. Furthermore, the affected communities have undergone events that may have provoked distress and weakened their emotional well-being. With the current drought crisis that is predicted to escalate in 2012, more pastoralist communities especially women, girls and boys continue to migrate from rural areas to urban centres with no relevant skills to get a means of employment they remain vulnerable. The coastal region of Kenya and Nairobi are key destinations for internal trafficking. Victims are trafficked for domestic servitude, forced prostitution, street begging and labour exploitation. Many of the cases identified in the coastal region and Nairobi are from areas that are prone to natural disasters and man-made crisis. Women and girls are lured from these areas with promises of better opportunities made to them or to their parents. Under-aged marriage, common among some communities in Kenya, also enhances vulnerability to trafficking of girls. The need to promote community coping mechanisms and reduce vulnerabilities to trafficking is fundamental. 25 Developed by the Parliamentary Select Committee on Resettlement of IDPs in consultation with the National PWGID (advocacy sub-group). 87

93 Intensified advocacy for the signature and ratification of the Kampala Convention is critical. 26 The PWG advocacy sub-group also needs to re-focus its advocacy work on other related legislations such as the Evictions and Resettlement Procedures Bill and the National Drought Management Authority Bill, Coordination remains a priority and warrants enhancement. At the national level, continued support will need to be rendered to the Protection Working Group on Internal Displacement (PWGID), with a view to having effective full ownership of the forum by the Government of Kenya (i.e. the Kenyan National Commission on Human Rights and the Ministry of Justice, National Cohesion and Constitutional Affairs). Support will continue to be provided to the two field-based PWGIDs (in Nakuru and Eldoret) and the newly launched Kitale PWG and to further mainstreaming of the child protection and GBV in their work. The PWGIDs have proven to be useful coordination and information sharing fora for government actors, community-based organizations, INGOs and members of the UN family. As part of the preparedness and contingency planning process ahead of the 2013 elections, the Protection Sector will constitute the Humanitarian Pillar under the leadership of UNOCHA and NDOC/KRCS and shall explore the existing mechanism of the PWG in c multi-sector coordination and assessments activities. There is a consensus on the need for the continued capacity building in the areas of monitoring, programming and protection/assistance delivery through adoption of the rights-based approach. The project proposals are all in line with the overall protection sector objectives and seek to address the described protection needs and concerns (e.g. child protection, GBV, durable solutions, trafficking, coordination and protection monitoring). Sector objectives and output targets Strategic objective #1 The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable populations affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through lifesaving assistance and protection as per national and international standards. Sector objective 1 To enhance the capacity of the Protection Working Group on Internal Displacement to secure access to protection, relief and early recovery assistance for people with specific needs, through prevention, coordination advocacy, monitoring, referral, response and capacity-building at the national and county levels. 26 Examples of the advocacy work undertaken by the Advocacy subgroup of the NPWGID include workshops for members of the Parliamentary Select Committee on Internal Displacement and a stake holder s workshop with the Parliamentary Departmental Committee on Labour and Social Welfare which were held during 2012 The Committee is supposed to review the laws and policies governing IDPs and assess how the government has addressed the plight of IDPs displaced by post-election violence. 88

94 Output: Appropriate coordination tools/practices are developed and implemented at national and county levels Implemented 3W tools Number of assessments coordinated with the Government of Kenya Number of effective national and county-based coordination mechanisms (sub groups) Number of county/community monitors deployed Number of coordination working groups mainstreaming protection in their technical areas Output: Appropriate monitoring/referral mechanisms are established and/or strengthened. Number of vulnerable populations assisted through referral mechanisms in place. Sex, age and vulnerability are disaggregated in data collection and analysis. Output: Appropriate capacity building is carried out. Number of trainings/workshops conducted. Number of institutions/people benefiting. Number of engagements with vulnerable/host communities. Number of community owned structures established or strengthened. Sector objective 2 To promote priority access for children to life-saving multi-sectoral emergency services and protection from violation, abuse, exploitation and family separation, including through interventions that contribute to the further development of the Kenya child protection systems at family, community and national level. Output: Child protection structures are strengthened at all levels Number of multi-sectoral actors trained and supported Output: Data and statistics on child rights, violations are collected to inform child protection service providers. Amount of disaggregated information on abuse collected. 89

95 Output: Enhanced coordination and referral mechanisms at different levels Number of children supported, referred and receiving services. Number of reported child protection cases addressed or resolved. Output: Preventive and participatory child protection measures initiated and enhanced Number of boys and girls participating in child protection activities. Sector objective 3 To prevent and promote responses for survivors of GBV and those at risk of violence including through strengthened coordination and enhanced capacities of national and county based state and non-state actors. Output: Increased access to direct assistance, including GBV support services for women and girls, men and boys and victims of human trafficking Number of GBV survivors received direct assistance. Number of GBV service providers trained. Number of victims of human trafficking that received direct assistance. Output: Advocacy for inclusion of HIV prevention, treatment and care services in GBV interventions Number of GBV survivors accessing HIV prevention, treatment and care services Output: Increased capacity among state and non-state actors, to coordinate GBV and HIV activities at national and county levels. Introduction of GBV information management systems in health facilities. Output: Increased awareness on GBV and human trafficking-related laws and rights, including the Sexual Offences Act and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Act. Regular coordination meetings. Number of trainings conducted with different stakeholders on human-trafficking related laws and rights including the Sexual Offences Act and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Act. Number of IEC materials produced with targeted thematic messages on human-trafficking laws and rights. Functional referral mechanisms. Operational SOPs on GBV. 90

96 Strategic objective #3 Increased commitment on the part of the Government of Kenya and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and provide durable solutions. Sector objective 4 To promote the rights of IDPs and other vulnerable groups through various measures, including the adoption and subsequent implementation of policies and legal frameworks to entrench international and regional obligations and to coordinate grassroots responses to protection needs, including measures to build resilience and promote durable solutions. Output: Effective advocacy with key government and non-government actors, including IDPs, in respect of adoption, dissemination and implementation of the National IDP Policy and the IDP Act (2012). 27 Number of concrete recommendations detailing specific action by key stakeholders, including IDPs. Advocacy strategy developed for development of the IDP Act Regulations. Output: Advocacy for the ratification and implementation of the Kampala Convention. Advocacy strategy developed for ratification and implementation of the Kampala Convention. Output: Enhanced dialogue between host communities and IDPs on identification of durable solutions, including through effective, functioning Peace Committees at the local level. Number of sessions and mediations conducted by the Peace Committees and other humanitarian actors. Number of documented success stories on reconciliation facilitated by the Peace Committee members. 27 Awaiting Presidential Assent 91

97 Output: Increased understanding and acceptance among opinion leaders on the need for returns, reintegration and/or resettlement to be voluntary and to take place in safety and dignity. Number of capacity building exercises conducted. Disaggregated data on the number of profiled integrated IDPs and assessment of their needs and vulnerabilities. Output: Enhanced joint protection needs assessments conducted Number of assessments conducted, consolidated, analysed and shared. Output: Response to identified protection needs is implemented in a coordinated and timely manner. Number of coordinated response activities implemented on the ground. Table of proposed coverage per location Geographic Location Counties Nakuru, Turkana and Garisa Nakuru, Garissa, Uasin Gishu Kilifi, Kwale, Machakos, Kisumu, Homa Bay Bondo, Tharaka Nithi, Nairobi Nakuru, Kericho, Laikipia, Narok, Uasin Gishu, Bomet, Nandi, West Pokot, Baringo, Trans Nzoia Nakuru, Taita Taveta Nairobi, Garssa and Turkana Uasin Gishu and Elgoyo Marakwet Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Uasin Gishu and Nakuru Nairobi, Trans Nzoia, Mombasa etc (Monitors) PROTECTION NRC, Save the Children, UNFPA SC Plan, UNFPA PPF, UNFPA IDGP RCK Centre for Human Rights and Governance MOJCCA-NALEAP, UNFPA KNCHR 92

98 Shelter and Non-Food Items Sector lead agency Co-lead Agency Funds required Contact information INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION KRC $14,899,486 for 7 projects [2 IOM, Samaritan, UNICEF, HelpAge, NRC, Kenya Red Cross Society] Sharif AHMED, sahmed1@iom.int People in need and target beneficiaries Category of people in need Number of people in need Beneficiaries targeted in sector s EHRP projects (end-year target) Female Male Total Female Male Total IDPs 250, , , ,000 90, ,000 Returnees 150, , , ,000 50, ,000 Host communities 60,000 Totals 400, , , , , ,000 Explanation of number of beneficiaries targeted The Shelter/NFIs Response Plan is based on the forecasted El Nino event and the upcoming general elections planned for March 2013 while taking into account other causes of displacement. As such, the number for shelter vulnerable populations is estimated from the records of the 2007 post-election violence impact and the relevant response experience, while the number for the projected El Nino is estimated from the response to the impact of the 2009 El Nino. Shelters, alongside security, are the most important factors in stabilizing population flows and providing IDPs and humanitarian stakeholders with the capacity to find and implement durable solutions. Thus this sector will strive to incorporate other sectors to minimize human suffering resulting from displacements, loss of shelter, and other household belongings. Furthermore, this will involve preparedness strategy to increase the stocks of emergency shelter kits and standardizing the NFIs to an estimated 15,000 families and 6,500 households predicted to be displaced by the El Nino and political and ethnic clashes respectively. How the sector response plan will contribute to the strategic objectives (refer to annex attached) The optimum coordination and the collaboration among the sector actors, including stakeholders and donors, will secure the effective contribution to achieve the strategic objectives. The response plan will be built on available capacities in conjunction with the most likely scenario and arrangements to fill possible gaps between these two. Needs assessments will be conducted and the response plan will be regularly monitored and updated. Needs assessments will consider the comparison of the present response mechanism and the mechanisms used during previous contingency responses. The needs will also be conducted on previous experiences in Kenya and standards applied in humanitarian emergencies. This will help the enhancement of the capacities both for the government and partners teams. 93

99 Strategic objective #1 The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable populations affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through life-saving assistance and protection as per national and international standards. i) Response Strategy The phases of response will be set in three stages; 1-3 months (immediate onset after a disaster) - distribution of NFIs and plastic sheeting for shelter. 3-6 months, (uncertainty of displaced people returning to their homes) - distribution of tents and provision of transitional shelter. 6 months and beyond (no indication of the displaced people returning home) provision of transitional shelter. In accordance to the strategic objectives set for 2013, NFI kits and shelter materials shall be prepositioned in preparation for emergencies in order to meet the life-saving criteria. ii) Assessments Appropriate assessments shall be conducted before, during and after the El Nino and the general elections, to provide necessary data for response needs and aim to integrate early warning-early response mechanisms. Baseline surveys and risk assessments shall be conducted before the emergencies; rapid needs household assessments during the emergency; and impact assessment, post-disaster needs assessment and post-conflict needs assessment after the emergencies. iii) Pre-positioning Part of the challenges faced in previous emergencies has been the lack of adequate response items to respond to disasters beforehand. Therefore, the sector will aim to pre-position shelter and NFI kits in the identified 7/8 field hubs across the country. The items pre-positioned will depend on the estimated figure based on the contingency plan, and actual number of people in need of humanitarian aid. Existing stocks shall be established after a mapping exercise of the partners, as well as storage capacities, parameters and location for storage of the pre-positioned items. In addition, the kits will be pre-positioned in accordance to the agreed standards, as well as service agreements to standardize costs for the kits. A transition strategy will also be developed such that the NFIs pre-positioned do not exceed the appropriate response timeframe. iv) Beneficiary selection According to the contingency plan, it is estimated that between 400, ,000 people will be affected. However, not all will be in need of humanitarian aid. Thus, appropriate beneficiary selection is crucial, in order to target the right beneficiaries during response. Proper tools and systems shall be put in place for profiling of beneficiaries in actual need of assistance. The sector shall also participate in joint assessments and needs quantification. 94

100 Strategic objective #2 Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters, and lessened chronic vulnerability by means of DRR and early recovery approaches. i) Community Participation Engagement of the community throughout the process is key to ensuring sustainability and durable actions, and subsequently contributing to building resilience and coping mechanisms of the communities. The aspect of community engagement will be incorporated during project design, beneficiary selection and project implementation. ii) Encourage cash-learning concepts In some cases, disasters might occur simultaneously in the same regions, and affect the same beneficiaries. The assistance hence provided in this case in terms of NFIs could be given to beneficiaries already in receipt of assistance. To avoid two-fold assistance, cash-learning concepts will be encouraged through cash vouchers to promote cash-for-work initiatives. Rental grants will also be provided as an alternative to transitional shelter or other more permanent shelter solutions. iii) iv) Linkage with public private partnerships. Integration with existing plans. Several policies and bills have been passed given lessons learned from previous disasters, which aim to address long-term solutions. The shelter sector strategy shall borrow from the IDP bill and policy, national contingency plan and the field hubs. Strategic objective #3 Increased commitment on the part of the GoK and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and provide durable solutions. The optimum coordination and the collaboration among the sector actors, including stakeholders and donors, will secure the effective contribution to achieve the strategic objectives. The response plan will continue building on available capacities in conjunction with the most likely scenario and arrangements to fill possible gaps between these two. This will help the enhancement of the capacities both for the government and partners teams. Cross-cutting issues: i) Environmental sensitivity The proposed shelter plans should aim to offer a habitable and secure living space, as well as a healthy living environment with privacy and dignity. It is important to bear in mind that transitional shelter is a short-term intervention with a long-term impact on the recovery process that anticipates environmental protection and/or restoration. This means that emphasis will also be placed on the requirement that the constructed shelters offer preferable options i.e., upgradeable, reusable, resalable or recyclable. 95

101 ii) Coordination Coordination is paramount in ensuring coherent responses across various stakeholders. In this regard, this shall be observed through the setting up of action plans and information sharing with both sector partners and external partners on a regular basis. Displacement tracking systems will also be established based on lessons learned from the previous crises and most recent Information Management developments, as well as identification of partners and establishment of collaborative links in preparedness for displacement; engagement in inclusive coordination mechanisms; and identification of pre-positioned items according to agreed standards across the spectrum of potential responders in the shelter sector. iii) Linkage with other sectors Shelter and NFI needs cut across other sectors, i.e. camp set up and distribution of tents in linkage with CCCM sector; shelter set up, in consideration of GBV issues - protection sector; shelter for refugee host communities - multi- sector for refugees; sanitation of shelter set ups- WASH sector; etc. iv) Capacity building Continuous capacity building shall be engaged across all levels: capacity building of local communities through engagement in implementation; capacity building of local administration, policymakers and actors through trainings and workshops. v) Resource management and advocacy Pre-positioning can only be made possible with available resources and adequate funding. Discussions are already in place with donors, and engagement with the media will also play a key role. Sector objectives and output targets Strategic objective 1 The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable populations affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through life-saving assistance and protection as per national and international standards. Sector objective 1 To ensure vulnerable families have safe, adequate shelter, goods and supplies necessary to meet their shelter, food preparation and personal hygiene needs until more durable solutions are achieved. Output 1: Shelter emergency capacities are identified within hotspot areas Areas of potential displacement are mapped. 70% Rapid needs assessments that take into account the specific needs of women, girls, boys and men, and are conducted in situations of displacement. 60% 96

102 Shelter plans are agreed upon with local authorities and IDPs communities, using participatory methods that ensure the participation and representation of women and marginalized populations in decision-making processes. 80% Output 2: Sufficient covered living space is identified for specified displaced populations Affected individuals have a minimum covered floor area per person. 70% Shelter solutions and materials meet technical and performance standards. 80% Shelter solutions and materials are culturally appropriate and address needs of vulnerable and marginalized groups. 60% Output 3: Shelter solutions are responsive to the needs of host communities Host communities needs are considered and incorporated in the shelter plans. 80% Displaced populations are hosted in suitable locations and not in host community public spaces, particularly schools, i.e., alternative locations as soon as feasible. Committees are established to facilitate dialogue between displaced and host communities organizing natural resources management. 100% 100% Output 4: Shelter solutions are environmentally appropriate Environmental assessments are included in shelter plans and environmental impacts are mitigated. Construction techniques and materials are in accordance with international environmental rules and restrictions applied at local levels. NFI needs of displaced populations and host communities are assessed, including assessment of the specific needs of women, girls, boys, men, and the elderly, unwell and disabled. 80% 100% 80% Strategic objective 2 Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters, and lessened chronic vulnerability by means of DRR and early recovery approaches. Sector objective 2 Shelter construction, rehabilitation, and non-food item distribution activities are designed to mitigate conflict dynamics, environmental impact, and employment needs of displaced and host communities. Output 1: NFI kits and plans are in place proportional to the expected displaced populations Effects of displacement on the local natural environment are addressed through 70% 97

103 environmental management and rehabilitation activities, where appropriate. The displaced communities are involved in the NFI plans using participatory methods where equitable participation is ensured in decision-making processes and that NFIs are culture and context appropriate. 70% Output 2: All households or community groups have the skills, knowledge and resources necessary for shelter maintenance All households or community groups have access to tools and equipment to safely undertake construction, maintenance or debris removal tasks where required. All households or community groups have access to training and awareness- raising in the safe use of tools and fixings provided. 80% 80% Output 3: Affected populations have access to employment and market opportunities associated within shelter planning, construction, and maintenance Number of affected populations (disaggregated by sex, age and group) involved for shelter planning, construction and maintenance activities. Number of affected populations (disaggregated by sex, age and group) hired for associated activities such as transportation and translation. Number of public tenders aimed at local suppliers. 20% Number of local suppliers contracted for shelter related services. 50% 30% 25% Strategic objective 3 Increased commitment on the part of the GoK and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and provide durable solutions. Sector objective 3 Support the government authorities to effectively respond to shelter and NFI needs for the vulnerable communities and enhance sustainable response mechanisms. Output 1: Local authorities enhanced capacities All officials at municipal and village level have the knowledge and ability to implement rules that protect the shelter resilience. Order-keeping staff are well trained on human rights and use of force against civilians and unarmed demonstrations. All official at affected locations Chiefs of order bodies at affected location Output 2: Well-trained community leaders. Displaced communities are organized for emergency need and a dissemination system is put in place. Community leaders representing their neighbourhoods are organized and are in contact with official and shelter management team. At least 2 per location At least 5 per location 98

104 Output 3: Improved basic services Basic service team has surveyed the drainage and drinking water networks and identified and addressed the defects. All shelters and population have access to sustainable basic services. All rebuilt shelters All rebuilt shelters Output 4: Reported investigation of cause and situation Specialized committees representing all involved parties are established. A neutral committee is established to assess and report on damages to individual shelters. 1 per impacted location 1 per impacted location Output 5: Non-governmental and neutral actors Committees are to confirm damage assessments Committee to estimate the needs for chronic vulnerability and durable solutions n/a n/a Top-priority actions, beneficiaries, and locations Actions: pre-positioning, shelter construction, logistics, online tools and others. Beneficiaries: 270,000 females, 140,000 males, 410,000 in total, Locations: Eldoret, Garissa, Lodwar, Marsabit/Isiolo, Mombasa, Nairobi, Nakuru and others. Table of proposed coverage per location Geographic Location Hot spots hubs SHELTER AND NFI Eldoret IOM TOTAL: 1 Baringo UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Garissa UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Homabay UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Isiolo UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Kisii UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Kisumu UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Lodwar IOM TOTAL: 1 Mandera UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Marsabit IOM TOTAL: 1 Meru UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Migori UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Mombasa IOM, UNICEF, HelpAge TOTAL: 3 99

105 Moyale UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Mwranga UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Nairobi UNICEF, HelpAge TOTAL: 2 Nakuru IOM, NRC, UNICEF, HelpAge TOTAL: 4 Siaya UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Tana River UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Busia UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Wajir UNICEF TOTAL: 1 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Sector lead agency Funds required Contact information UNICEF, in support of: MoWI and MoPHS $29,268,216 for 24 projects Jane Maonga-Jones, WASH Sector Coordinator (jmaonga@unicef.org) Eliud Wamwangi, WESCOORD Secretariat Chair (ekagema@yahoo.com) People in need and target beneficiaries Category of people in need Emergency-affected people Internally Displaced People Number of people in need Beneficiaries targeted in sector s EHRP projects (end-year target) Female Male Total Female Male Total 1,000,000 1,100,000 2,100,000 1,000,00 0 1,100,000 2,100,000 90,000 60, ,000 90,000 60, ,000 Totals 1,,090,000 1,160,000 2,250,000 Explanation of number of beneficiaries targeted The target beneficiaries for the WASH sector includes: populations living in drought-prone areas, flood-affected areas and conflict-prone areas. Many of these areas are also prone to outbreaks of WASH-related disease such as malaria, cholera, typhoid and other diarrheal diseases - particularly during the rainy season. School children were also considered in the target beneficiaries as well as patients in health facilities, as access to WASH facilities will ensure that they have the means to protect themselves from WASH-related diseases. Sector objectives and output targets Strategic objective #1 The humanitarian needs of highly vulnerable populations affected by natural and man-made disasters are met through life-saving assistance and protection as per national and international standards. Sector objective 1.1 Improved access to safe, adequate and sustainable water supply, appropriate sanitation and hygiene means to populations affected by floods, drought, conflict and WASH-related disease outbreaks. 100

106 Expected outcome: Reduced incidence of WASH-related diseases amongst emergency-affected populations. i) Proportion of emergency-affected population with access to at least 7.5 litres per person per day of water from safe communal water supply sources 100% of men, women and children in target areas ii) Proportion of emergency-affected population with access to sanitation facilities to enable safe excreta disposal practices 60% of men, women and children in target areas iii) Number of children with access to reliable water, sanitation and hand-washing facilities in targeted school institutions 399,412 school children in targeted schools Strategic objective #2 Communities have enhanced resilience, reducing the impact of disasters, and lessened chronic vulnerability by means of DRR and early recovery approaches. Sector objective 2.1 Increased capacity for emergency-affected communities to use and maintain communal water, sanitation and hygiene facilities sustainably; and capacity to plan for future hazards. i) Number of water management committees established and trained in target communities At least 100 water committees ii) Proportion of health and school institutions that have access to rain water harvesting and storage tanks. 60% of targeted institutions iii) Number of WESCOORD officers that are trained in emergency preparedness/ contingency planning At least 200 WESCOORD officers Strategic objective #3 Increased commitment on the part of the GoK and development actors to address issues of chronic vulnerability and provide durable solutions. Sector objective 3.1 Formalized roles of Government WASH ministries/ departments, with humanitarian WASH partners on the coordination of WASH interventions. 101

107 i) Formal agreement between the key Government WASH ministries, the sector lead agency and humanitarian WASH partners Number of activated WESCOORDs at sub-national levels Signed partnership agreement 24 emergency-affected counties 102

108 Top-priority actions, beneficiaries, and locations Actions: Provide operational and structural capacity support to WASH sector coordination mechanism (WESCOORD) at national and sub-national levels in line with the planned devolved government structures. This will also require that linkages are strengthened between the two government WASH ministries (MoPHS and MoWI) and UNICEF; as well as those between development and humanitarian WASH actors in order to improve coordination of WASH interventions. The WASH sector will also prioritize disaster preparedness in order to build community resilience and reinforce the coping capacities of local communities to ensure timely and appropriate response to a disaster. This will include capacity building of key WASH coordination staff at district/county levels in contingency planning. The sector will continue to promote the use of local technology/solutions in WASH infrastructures, e.g. rain water harvesting and storage tanks, latrine designs and household water filters. Enhanced rainfall expected during the short rain season will lead to increased water levels for both surface and ground water supply sources, and will be an opportunity to promote the use of simple local technologies for rain water harvesting and storage. The sector will also support the involvement of beneficiaries (including men, women, children and vulnerable groups) in planning and implementation of WASH projects. This will involve the use of participatory approaches in hygiene and sanitation promotion, and phased-out community consultations for water projects to increase community ownership. To ensure sustainability of water sources, the sector will also promote establishment of community management structures to maintain WASH facilities. WASH partners will give priority to provision of water for human consumption. However, consideration will be given for competing demands for domestic water supply, especially from livestock and agriculture. Beneficiaries: The WASH Sector will target 2.25 million beneficiaries in 2013, including: people affected by floods and WASH-related diseases, internally displaced people and those affected by conflict, and people living in areas affected by drought. Locations: WESCOORD Conflict Likelihood of WASH-related disease Flooding Risks Priority Counties Risks outbreaks Garissa High High High Isiolo High Low Low Kilifi High Moderate Moderate Kisumu High High High Kwale High Moderate Low Laikipia High Low Low Mandera High Low High Marsabit High Low Moderate Migori High High High Narok High Low Moderate Tana River High High High Wajir High Moderate High West Pokot High Low Low Baringo Moderate Low Low Busia Moderate High High Kajiado Moderate Low Low 103

109 WESCOORD Conflict Likelihood of WASH-related disease Flooding Risks Priority Counties Risks outbreaks Kitui Moderate Low High Makueni Moderate Low Moderate Samburu Moderate Low Low Taita Taveta Moderate Low Low Kitui Moderate Low Low Tharaka Moderate Low Low Turkana Moderate Low Moderate Machakos Low Low High Table of proposed coverage per location Geographic Location (County) WASH Baringo ACTED, World Vision Kenya (WVK), UNICEF TOTAL: 3 Garissa Isiolo JICA, HHRD, Mercy USA, Première Urgence, World Concern, UNICEF ACF, CAFOD, HHRD, IMC, KRCS, LVIA, Caritas, UNICEF, VSF-Suisse, Christian Aid, CPI, WCDO, UNESCO, NRC, Mercy USA, TdF, ACF TOTAL: 6 TOTAL: 17 Kajiado GAA, Mercy USA TOTAL: 2 Kitui CAFOD/Kitui Catholic Diocese, GAA, CARITAS Switzerland, Mercy USA TOTAL: 4 Kwale Mercy USA, UNICEF TOTAL: 3 Samburu ACTED, CAFOD/Catholic Diocese of Maralal, IMC, KRCS, WVK, UNICEF TOTAL: 6 Machakos World Cares TOTAL: 1 Makueni GAA TOTAL: 1 Mandera Norkenya, Save the Children, Christian Aid, UNESCO, ACTED, UNICEF TOTAL: 6 Marsabit CAFOD/Catholic Diocese of Marsabit, Christian Community Services of Mount Kenya East, PISP, KRCS, SOS Children s Village Kenya, AMINA, TOTAL: 12 GEZA/ Samaritan Bund, Christian Aid, Caritas Switzerland, GOAL, FFS, UNICEF Moyale KRCS, Christian Aid/ Christian Community Services, UNICEF TOTAL: 3 Mwingi Caritas Switzerland, GAA, UNICEF TOTAL: 3 Narok HHRD, UNICEF TOTAL: 2 Tana River HHRD, Première Urgence, GAA, UNICEF, UNESCO, Team & Team TOTAL: 6 Tharaka North KRCS TOTAL: 1 Turkana ACTED, NRC, UNICEF, Oxfam TOTAL: 4 Wajir GIZ, Islamic Relief, JICA, Save the Children, Oxfam, Norkenya, DIAL, Caritas, WCA, UNICEF TOTAL: 10 Mwingi Mercy USA TOTAL: 1 Nairobi slums COOPI TOTAL: 1 West Pokot ACTED TOTAL: 1 104

110 Roles, responsibilities and linkages Humanitarian partners will continue to support the preparedness and response efforts of the Government of Kenya through the established coordination mechanisms as illustrated below. In 2013 the UN RC/HC will continue to lead the response of the international partners with the support of the KHPT in line with the leadership of the Government of Kenya through the Ministry of State for Special Programmes, the Crisis Response Centre, the National Disaster Operations Centre, the National Drought Management Authority and the sector working groups (as illustrated below). At a sub-national level, coordination will continue to be undertaken through Government led fora including the District Steering Groups (DSGs) and the District Disaster Management Committees (DDMCs). 28 KENYA COORDINATION STRUCTURE Government of Kenya National Drought Management Authority UN/NGO UN Humanitarian Coordinator Crisis Response Center / Ministry of State for Special Programmes Kenya Humanitarian Partnership Team National Disaster Operation Center Inter-Sector Working Group AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK MoA, MoLD FAO EDUCATION MoE Save the Children / UNICEF FOOD MoSSP / KFSSG WFP HEALTH MoPHS / MoMS WHO NUTRITION MoPHS UNICEF PROTECTION: MoJ, KNCHR, UNHCR Sub Working Groups Child Protection: UNICEF WASH MoWI/MoPHS UNICEF Multi-sector/ refugees MoSIRP- DRA UNHCR NFI/Shelter MoSSP IOM Cross-cutting issues: Gender (UN Women), PSEA (KRCS/OCHA), GBV (UNFPA) Age (HelpAge), Disability (CBM), Early Recovery (MoSSP/UNDP), HIV/AIDS (IOM, UNHCR, UNAIDS) For the purposes of contingency planning in the run-up to forthcoming elections, eight support hubs have been identified to provide field level support to preparedness activities in areas at risk of inter-communal violence. The intention is to provide support to sub-national coordination 28 These mechanisms will be aligned with the county structures 105

111 structures to harmonise analysis, to identify response capacities and to address gaps. The location and coverage of the hubs are shown in the map below. Cross-cutting issues Over the past eighteen months, the Inter-Sector Working Group has prioritized the improved integration of cross-cutting issues (specifically concerns related to age, gender, disability, GBV, PSEA, HIV/AIDS and early recovery) in humanitarian response and preparedness activities. As such, a group of focal points from organisations with issue specific expertise have formed a subgroup of the ISWG to provide technical support for preparedness and response planning and capacity-building to sectors in the form of guidance and expertise. The group has particularly focused on areas of complementarity in order to provide, where possible, coordinated engagement with sectors and partners. Early recovery as a cross-cutting issue Early recovery is a multidimensional process of recovery which applies development principles to humanitarian settings. It aims at stabilizing a humanitarian situation by identifying opportunities for longer-term recovery and development, and by supporting, sustaining and rebuilding local and national capacities to prevent further deterioration. Recovery planning and development programming are initiated as early as possible during humanitarian operations, minimizing the gap between the end of relief and the start of longer-term recovery. While early recovery was established as a stand-alone, vertical structure, recently it has been recognized as a cross-cutting issue. It has been noted that early recovery is an approach to humanitarian action that should be integrated into the work of all humanitarian actors to ensure the dividends of humanitarian response are sustainable and to mitigate the potential impact of future crises. Early recovery is a responsibility of all, and should be integrated into the activities of all sectors. It should not be considered as a single, separate sector simply focusing on early recovery projects. Early recovery strategies As early recovery was primarily handled as a separate sector, the sector working group initially had more than 40 members. However, with early recovery now considered as a cross-cutting issue, there has been a need to restructure the sector working group and form an early recovery focal points network for advocacy, managing certain early recovery projects and monitoring on how early recovery is being integrated in different sectors and their projects. As other crosscutting issues such as gender, HIV/AIDS, do not have a separate working group and since several of the previous sector working group members were also members of other sectors, it was pointed out that there was little need for early recovery to keep a sector working group when it should address all sectors. Yet, because early recovery continues to have specific projects under it, abolishing the entire network would not be the most appropriate action to take. The Early Recovery sector had already been working closely with the other cross-cutting issues, and will focus more on developing more materials when engaging with other sectors to ensure that all projects include early recovery components. Following the Gender example, efforts will be made towards developing a brief and accessible guidance note for early recovery. Using early recovery best practices, advocacy for and raising awareness on early recovery as a cross-cutting issue will be strengthened. 106

112 In 2012, focal points in several issues areas have supported a number of national and sub national sector trainings; have participated in assessment and information gathering missions; and have provided expertise for contingency planning and the EHRP process. In addition the focal points have provided guidance on the Kenya Initial Rapid Assessment (KIRA) process contributing to tool development and training of partners. In 2013, the focal points will continue to engage in inter-agency processes and with specific partners towards further improving the integration of cross-cutting concerns. This will be important across the three strategic priorities of the EHRP. Early recovery priority issues for 2013 Continue to raise awareness amongst all humanitarian and development actors on early recovery as a process/cross-cutting issue. Maintain the Early Recovery focal points network and ensure that early recovery is integrated into different sectors projects. Collect relevant information and data regarding early recovery and accumulate knowledge and best practices in Kenya. Strengthen the links between the humanitarian sectors and development actors. Reduce the impact of emergencies and build resilience of communities to resist the worst impacts of emergency situations, with particular focus on the 2013 elections and drought related crises. Act as a champion with OCHA of cross-cutting issues to ensure that all cross-cutting issues remain on the humanitarian agenda, are integrated into humanitarian plans and response, and can (somehow) be measured. 107

113 ANNEX I: 3W KENYA MAPS 108

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