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1 - / / / * // : // : 2, 5,..,,....,,,,.,.,,,,.,,,,..... " ". zakarimi@umz.ac.ir. () *
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5 /.(1998) Teitelbaum and Winter....,,,,...,,..,.,.-.,,,.,,..((Greenwood and Mcdowell, 1994, Borjas, 1994.,(),.,,. 1. Altonji and Card (1991).
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22 . Y = X X X3 () R 2 = 0.219,,,... () Y1 = X X X R 2 = (),,..,, (),().,.,.,..
23 / /, /..(, )., ().. X3 = X X Y () R 2 = 0.64,. (). ). (,( ),.. (),,( ) ) X4,.. ( ) X1 ( X3 = X X Y () R 2 = 0.72, (),
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31 / -.()...,,,.( ).,,,..().,,,,.( )..-, :.( )..-.,.-,,..()...()..-,,.()..()....().,., Altonji, Joseph G. and Card, David. (1991). The Effects of Immigration on the Labour Market Outcomes of Less Skilled Natives, in J. M. Abowd and R. B. Freeman (eds.), Immigration, Trade and the Labor Market, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Borjas, George J. (1995). The Economic Benefits from Immigration. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp Borjas, George J. (1994). The Economics of Immigration. Journal of Economic Literature, No. 32, pp Card, David. (1990). The Impact of the Mariel Boat on the Miami Labor Market. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, No. 43, pp Chiswick, Barry R. (2001). The Economics of Illegal Migration for the Host Economy. In M.A.B. Siddique, ed. International Migration into 21 st. Century, London: Edward Elgar. Dunlevy, James A. and R. Saba. (1992). The Role of Nationality-Specific Characteristics on the Settlement Pattern of late Nineteenth Century. Explorations in Economic History, No. 29, pp
32 Green, Alan G. and David A. Green. (1993). Balanced Growth and the Geographical Distribution of European Immigrant Arrivals to Canda, Exploration in Economic History, No. 30, pp Greenwood, Michael J. and M. McDowell, John. (1986). The National Labour market Consequences of US Immigration. In Herbert Gicrsch (ed.), Economic Aspects of International Migration, Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Makhmalbaf, M. (2001). A limb for no one: The tragedy of Afghanistan. Monthly Review, Nov., pp Teitelbaum, Michael S. and Winter, Jay. (1998). A Question of Numbers: High Migration, Low Fertility, and the Politics of National Identity, NewYork: Hill and Wang Press. UNHCR. (2002a). Internet News, Feb. 6. UNHCR. (2002b). Internet News, Aug. 15. UNHCR. (2003a). Afghan Refugees Return to Uncertain Future. Internet news, Jan. 22. UNHCR. (2003b). Afghan Refugees in Iran Describe Horror of Heart. Internet News, Jan. 22. Weinstein, Eric. (2002). Migration for the benefit of all: Towards a new paradigm for Economic Immigration. International Labour Review, Vol. 141, No. 3.
33 / Dependent Variable: Y Method: Least Squares Date: 05/01/03 Time: 13:59 Sample: 1 25 Included observations: 25 Prob. t-statistic Std. Error Mean dependent var S.D. dependent var Akaike info criterion Schwarz criterion F-statistic Prob(F-statistic) :() Coefficient Variable C X1 X2 X3 R-squared Adjusted R-squared S.E. of regression Sum squared resid Log likelihood Durbin-Watson stat Estimation Command: ===================== LS Y C X1 X2 X3 Estimation Equation: ===================== Y = C(1) + C(2)*X1 + C(3)*X2 + C(4)*X3 Substituted Coefficients: ===================== Y= *X *X *X3
34 Dependent Variable: Y1 Method: Least Squares Date: 05/01/03 Time: 14:10 Sample: 1 25 Included observations: 25 Prob. t-statistic Std. Error Mean dependent var S.D. dependent var Akaike info criterion Schwarz criterion F-statistic Prob(F-statistic) Coefficient :() Variable C X1 X2 X3 R-squared Adjusted R-squared S.E. of regression Sum squared resid Log likelihood Durbin-Watson stat Estimation Command: ===================== LS Y1 C X1 X2 X3 Estimation Equation: ===================== Y1 = C(1) + C(2)*X1 + C(3)*X2 + C(4)*X3 Substituted Coefficients: ===================== Y1 = *X *X *X3
35 /
36 Prob Dependent Variable: X3 Method: Least Squares Date: 05/01/03 Time: 14:19 Sample: 1 25 Included observations: 25 t-statistic Std. Error Coefficient Mean dependent var S.D. dependent var Akaike info criterion Schwarz criterion F-statistic Prob(F-statistic) : () Variable C X1 X2 Y R-squared Adjusted R-squared S.E. of regression Sum squared resid Log likelihood Durbin-Watson stat Estimation Command: ===================== LS X3 C X1 X2 Y Estimation Equation: ===================== X3 = C(1) + C(2)*X1 + C(3)*X2 + C(4)*Y Substituted Coefficients: ===================== X3 = *X *X *Y
37 / Prob Dependent Variable: X3 Method: Least Squares Date: 05/01/03 Time: 15:04 Sample: 1 25 Included observations: 25 t-statistic Std. Error Coefficient Mean dependent var S.D. dependent var Akaike info criterion Schwarz criterion F-statistic Prob(F-statistic) : () Variable C X7 X2 Y3 R-squared Adjusted R-squared S.E. of regression Sum squared resid Log likelihood Durbin-Watson stat Estimation Command: ===================== LS X3 C X7 X2 Y3 Estimation Equation: ===================== X3 = C(1) + C(2)*X7 + C(3)*X2 + C(4)*Y3 Substituted Coefficients: =====================
38 X3 = *X *X *Y3 Y Y1 X1 X2 X3 X4 Unemp. Unemp. Share of Share of Share of Share of Provinces Rate Rate Value added Labour Afghan value (province) (villages) (all sectors) force workers added in const. sector 1 East Azerbaijan 2 West Azerbaijan 3 Ardebil Isfahan Ilam Boushehr Tehran Chahar Mahal 9 Khorasan Khuzestan Zanjan Semnan Fars Ghom Kordestan Kerman Krmanshah Kohkilooyeh Guilan Lorestan Mazandaran Markazi
39 / 23 Hormozgan Hamadan Yazd
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