Government asks companies to allocate 7% of CSR funds to Swachhta Hi Seva

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1 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 Cooling off period in Hindu divorce can go: SC According to the SC judgement, Hindu couples who have mutually agreed to separate need not wait anymore for the mandatory cooling off period of six months before divorce The court held that the waiting period should be done away with in cases where there is no way to save the marriage The application for waiver of waiting period can be filed in court within a week of their first motion for separation GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2 Parties call for hybrid electoral system According to some Parliamentarians, majority aspirations and the actual will of the people is not getting reflected in election results The first-past-the-post system had worked well in the beginning because there was one-party domination (of the Congress) Earlier, the voting percentage was also very high But now because of a division of votes, a party with even a 20% share does not get a single seat While a party with a 28% share an get a disproportionately large number of seats Some examples related to the issue In the 2009 elections, the BJP had 18.1% votes but 116 seats in the Lok Sabha While, in the previous elections, the Congress got 19.35% votes but only 44 seats Parties together polling almost 50% of the votes were totally excluded Suggestions They suggested that recommendations of the Law Commission s 170th and 255th report should be implemented A mix of both first-past-the-post and proportional representation should be tried Both the reports had suggested that 25% or 136 more seats should be added to the Lok Sabha and be filled by proportional representation Government asks companies to allocate 7% of CSR funds to Swachhta Hi Seva The government has asked companies to devote a portion of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds to Swachhta Hi Seva campaign Government has sent a note to the heads of more than 1.1 million companies, urging them to devote around 7% of their CSR spending on the Swachh Bharat Kosh (SBK) to the Swachhta Hi Seva campaign, wh

2 This campaign will run until 2 October How to make Indian courts more efficient Lower courts in Kerala, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Chandigarh have disposed of almost all cases that had been pending for a decade or more It is a welcoming and surprising news Today, there are only a total of 11,000 cases pending for over 10 years in these four states and the Union territory of Chandigarh This is impressive given that the national pendency count is at around 2.3 million cases Delhi, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Karnataka are also close to clearing out long-pending cases The high court of Punjab and Haryana has jurisdiction over the lower courts of Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh Almost a decade ago, it set up a case management system i.e. a mechanism to monitor every case from filing to disposal It also began to categorize writ petitions based on their urgency In addition, it set annual targets and action plans for judicial officers to dispose of old cases, And began a quarterly performance review to ensure that cases were not disposed of with undue haste All these measures ushered in a degree of transparency and accountability in the system, the results of which are now apparent In this system, the court sets a timetable for the case and the judge actively monitors progress This marks a fundamental shift in the management of cases the responsibility for which moves from the litigants and their lawyers to the court The Law Commission of India in its 230th report has also offered a long list of measures to deal with the pendency of cases These include (1) providing strict guidelines for the grant of adjournments (2) curtailing vacation time in the higher judiciary (3) reducing the time for oral arguments unless the case involves a complicated question of law (4) and framing clear and decisive judgements to avoid further litigation Arunachal pradesh: Citizenship for Chakma, Hajong refugees soon The Centre will grant citizenship to all Chakma and Hajong refugees living in the Northeast but will ensure that rights of indigenous people are not diluted

3 Chakmas and Hajongs were originally residents of Chittagong Hill Tracts in erstwhile East Pakistan (bordering India and Myanmar in present-day Bangladesh) They left their homeland when it was submerged by the Kaptai dam project near Chittagong, Bangladesh, in the 1960s The Chakmas, who are Buddhists, and Hajongs, who are Hindus, also allegedly faced religious persecution Centre is finding a workable solution so that the 2015 SC order to grant citizenship to Chakma-Hajong refugees can be honoured, and the rights of the local population are not diluted The Centre is proposing that the refugees will not be given rights, including land ownership, enjoyed by Scheduled Tribes in Arunachal Pradesh However, they may be given inner line permits required by non-locals in Arunachal Pradesh to travel and work Varsities can now seek eminence status The UGC has announced the beginning of a 90-day application process for universities(both public and private) to seek the status of institutions of eminence This status will provide them freedom from the regular regulatory mechanisms Twenty institutions(10 public and 10 private) will be given this status with the aim to give them freedom to become world-class institutions Fellowship for innovative research projects The Centre has firmed up the criteria for the procedure for selection of 2,000 research students from 23 Indian Institutes of Technology and the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru They will be eligible for fellowship of Rs. 70,000 a month for innovative research projects However, those who get the scholarships will have to refund the amounts if the project does not come to completion It is part of the research fellowship scheme of the Prime Minister This is expected to give a boost to quality research and innovation Advantages of the scheme The scheme will offer an incentive to bright researchers who move towards corporate jobs for financial reasons to dedicate themselves to research and innovation They will not be permitted to take up a job during the term of the fellowship

4 Firm signal on bullet train project Both Countries India and Japan will lay the groundwork for the next level of collaboration during the annual summit meeting The high point of the visit(of Japanese PM) was likely to be the joint inauguration of the Mumbai-Ahmedabad high-speed rail project and bilateral security dialogue The two leaders will review the recent progress in the multifaceted cooperation between India and Japan under the framework of their Special Strategic and Global Partnership High Speed Railway Training Institute The High Speed Railway Training Institute will be set up in Vadodara Advantages Attractive low-cost long-term financing. Government of Japan will provide a soft loan of about Rs 90,000 crore at an interest rate of 0.1 per cent over 50 years. Such loan, from other multilateral or bilateral development financing institutions, would cost between 3-7 per cent with a repayment period of years. Stimulus for advanced components manufacture and construction: One of the stated objectives of the project is Make in India As per the agreement the MAHSR Project has localised manufacture and transfer of technology as objectives. Employment Generation: This project is likely to generate employment for about 20,000 workers, who will then be equipped to take up construction of more such projects in India. The new areas where construction skills would be developed are ballast-less track, under sea tunneling et al. Professional capacity-building: A dedicated High Speed Rail Training Institute is being developed at Vadodara. This institute will be fully equipped with equipment and facilities, such as a simulator, as exist in the training institute at Japan. Speed: There are two types of services proposed. A rapid train service with only two stops at Surat and Vadodara and a slower service that halts at 10 stations en route. The rapid train would complete the journey in 2 hours and 7 minutes, while the slower service would take 2 hours and 58 minutes. Cutting edge operational technology.: The Shinkansen technology is renowned for its reliability and safety. The train delay record of Shinkansen is less than a minute with zero fatalities.

5 The technology regarding disaster predictions and preventions will also be acquired as part of the project. Challenges 1. Route design which would include questions like 2. Evacuation facilitation 3. Land acquisition 4. Human resource development 5. Future expansion India to send relief materials for Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh Image result for Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh Context India will send a consignment of humanitarian assistance to Bangladesh tomorrow for Rohingya Muslims Dhaka briefed New Delhi about the problems faced by it due to the influx of refugees from Myanmar following the ethnic violence in the Buddhistmajority nation. Embrace the Rohingya Minister of State for Home Affairs Kiren Rijiju stated that the Indian government will detect and deport the Rohingya back to Myanmar Why? Illegal immigrants including 14,000 Rohingya are susceptible to recruitment by terror groups They not only infringe on the rights of Indian citizens but also pose grave security challenges. Deportation of the Rohingya is legally indefensible- Reasons Indian government, like any other in the world, is bound by customary international law to respect the principle of non-refoulement(deporting refugees back forcefully). As per this law, No government, can forcibly push back asylum-seekers to the country they have fled to escape violence, as it might endanger their very survival. Not being a signatory to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol is no excuse to abdicate India s responsibility to provide muchneeded relief to people under pressure and in urgent need of humanitarian assistance.

6 There are several Supreme Court verdicts which disallow the Indian government from arbitrarily and summarily deporting refugees from its territory. The courts in India have traditionally upheld the rights of refugees facing deportation or forced eviction in different contexts by taking recourse to what is called the canon of construction or a shadow of refugee law. For example, the Right to Life under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution has been so interpreted by the SC that it can be extended to anyone living in India irrespective of her nationality. Asia Africa Growth Corridor aims for people-centric growth strategy Asia Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC) was emerged in the joint declaration issued by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in November 2016 The AAGC envisages a people-centric sustainable growth strategy The AAGC is an economic cooperation agreement between the governments of India and Japan It engages various stakeholders- governments, firms, think tanks and civil society It would be raised on the four pillars of (1) development and cooperation projects, (2) quality infrastructure and institutional connectivity, (3) enhancing capacities and skills, and (4) people-to-people partnership The strengths of AAGC will be aligned with the development priorities of different countries and sub-regions of Asia and Africa AAGC-led growth in Africa and Asia will be responsive to the collective commitment to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) India at 103 rank on Global Human Capital Index, lowest among BRICS nations India has been placed at a low 103 rank, the lowest among BRICS economies, on the World Economic Forum s (WEF s) Global Human Capital Index India is ranked lower than its BRICS peers Among the South Asian countries also, India was ranked lower than Sri Lanka and Nepal The index has been topped by Norway Under-five mortality rate highest in India: Report Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 has revealed that in 2016, 9 million children under the age of five died in India the highest globally According to data from the National Family Health Survey 4, the under-five mortality rate in India stands at 50 per 1000 live births down from 74 in the 10 years between and It ranges from 78 in Uttar Pradesh to 7 in Kerala, one of the best states in the country when it comes to effective health systems.

7 Globally, mortality rates have decreased across all age groups over the past five decades, with the largest improvements occurring among children younger than five years At the national level, heterogeneity remains in terms of both level and rate of changes in age-specific mortality; increases in mortality for certain age groups occurred in some locations. GBD 2016 has shown that, non communicable diseases constitute seven of the top ten causes of death in India. The leading cause of mortality was ischemic heart disease. GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 3 Maharashtra s employment-linked scheme to increase mangrove cover Image result for Mangroves Maharashtra state cabinet approved the Mangrove Protection and Employment Generation Scheme for and has made Rs 15 crore budgetary provision for it. This special scheme to preserve mangroves on public and private land and to provide employment opportunities linked to mangrove cover to people of the selected areas. The decision will help in protecting mangroves on around 30,000 hectares. Employment would be generated by setting up businesses such as crab farming, bee keeping, rice farming, fish farming and tourism. The businesses can be run through a committee or by an individual It will help in many people coming forward voluntarily for preserving mangroves. Committees would be set up in villages having mangrove cover to ensure group benefits by forming organisational structure. The committee will also prepare a micro plan for mangrove preservation, protection, setting up protection fences and improving quality of mangroves. Income-tax department, MCA team up against shell firms The income tax (I-T) department and the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) have signed a pact to regularly share data, including PAN and audit reports of firms, to crack down on shell companies The pact aims at curbing the menace of money laundering, black money, and misuse of corporate structure by shell companies A memorandum of understanding for Automatic and Regular Exchange of Information was signed between the MCA and the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)

8 The MoU will ensure that both the MCA and the CBDT have seamless PAN- CIN (corporate identity number) and PAN-DIN (director identity number) linkage for regulatory purposes. Under the pact, tax authorities will now relay audit reports of corporate entities and specific information from their I-T returns, along with PAN data, to the MCA. Besides, financial statements filed by corporate entities with the Registrar of Companies, returns of allotment of shares, and statements of financial transactions received from banks will now be shared between the two departments. A data-exchange steering group has also been constituted for the initiative. The information shared will pertain to both Indian firms as well as foreign ones operating in India The data will also be shared for the purpose of carrying out scrutiny, inspection, investigation and prosecution. The MCA is in the process of cancelling the registration of 209,000 companies that have not been carrying out business activities for a long period. Besides, banks have been asked to restrict operations of these companies bank accounts by their directors or their authorised representatives. Scientists map lunar water with data from Chandrayaan-1 News Scientists, using data from an instrument which flew aboard India s Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, have created the first map of water trapped in the uppermost layer of the moon s soil This study is published in the journal Science Advances Scientists from the U.S. used a new calibration of data taken from NASA s Moon Mineralogy Mapper to quantify how much water is present on a global scale This Moon Mineralogy Mapper flew aboard Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft in 2008