Perceptions of the recent oil boom among long-term residents of Williston, Stanley, and Watford City, North Dakota
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1 Perceptions of the recent oil boom among long-term residents of Williston, Stanley, and Watford City, North Dakota NOTE; we are only providing some of the results; contact the UND professors for more detailed information. Bradley C. Rundquist, Professor Department of Geography University of North Dakota Grand Forks, ND Devon A. Hansen, Associate Professor Department of Geography University of North Dakota Grand Forks, ND Enru Wang, Associate Professor Department of Geography University of North Dakota Grand Forks, ND Stanley D. Brunn, Professor Department of Geography University of Kentucky Lexington, KY Relevant areas of expertise and research interests: Rundquist Land use and land cover change, natural resource management Hansen Human migration and resettlement, demography, aging in place Wang Regional development, urban transformation, retailing and consumption Brunn Social and economic impacts of Mega-engineering projects (Dr. Brunn is editor of ENGINEERING EARTH: THE IMPACTS OF MEGAENGINEERING PROJECTS, published in three volumes by Springer 2012; 126 chapters, 2,300 pages). Background 1
2 We sent 1,000 surveys to residents of Williston, Stanley, and Watford City in March Only residents who had lived at an address for six years or more were selected. We purchased the mailing list from USADATA ( We purchased 401 addresses for Stanley, 608 for Watford City, and 3,277 for Williston. We used a random number generator ( to randomly select 88 Stanley addresses, 131 Watford City address and 781 Williston residences. Of the 1,000 surveys sent, 46 were returned as non-deliverable. Thirty-nine of those were Williston, seven to Watford City, and 0 to Stanley. An additional three were returned with written notes that the addressee was deceased, thus we cannot tell what town those originated from. One came back with a note from someone saying the refused to do the survey, town unknown. Twelve Williston mailings were forwarded by USPS (eight within Williston, two within ND, and two out of state). We assumed those were ultimately delivered. So, we had 50 surveys undelivered ( from above). That s 5%. Overall, 237 completed surveys were returned. The return rate is 237 returned / 950 delivered = 24.95%. We had 13 respondents who did not indicate their place of residence. Williston had 160 responses, 30 were from Stanley, and 31 from Watford City. There were three who indicated other as place of residence. Response rate by town, then, is: Williston: 160 responses / 738 known deliveries (781 mailings - 39 non-deliverable - 4 forwarded out of Williston) = 21.68%. Stanley: 30 responses / 88 known deliveries = 34.09%. Watford City: 31 responses / 124 known deliveries (131 mailings 7 non-deliverable) = 25.00%. 2
3 Overall Survey Results Section A: Background Information Question A1: Place of Residence Question A2: Age Question A3: Gender Question A4: Employment Status Question A5: Highest Level of Education No Response % Williston % Stanley % Watford City % < % % % % % Over % No Response % Female % Male % No Response % Employed Full Time % Employed Part Time % Unemployed % Retired % Less than High School % High School or GED % Some College % Two-Year Degree % Four-Year Degree % Master s Degree or More % 3
4 0 to 5 5 to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to 95 Frequency Question A6: Years of Residence in Northwestern ND Range = 0.75 to 93 Years Mean = Years Median = 50 Years Mode = 40 Years Standard Deviation = Years 30 Frequency Histogram for Responses to Question A6: Years in Residence in Northwest North Dakota Years in Residence Question A7: Do you plan to stay in your current residence for the next 5 years? No Response % Yes % No % Not sure % 4
5 Section B: Economic Impacts Question B1: How significant have been the economic impacts on northwestern ND? No Response % Very Significant % Somewhat Significant % Neutral % Somewhat Insignificant % Insignificant % Question B2: How significant have been the economic impacts on the area where you live? No Response % Very Significant % Somewhat Significant % Neutral % Somewhat Insignificant % Insignificant % Question B3: The Oil Boom has been good for my community. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question B4: The Oil Boom has been good for my family. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 5
6 Question B5: I have financially benefitted from the Oil Boom. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question B6: I have relatives or friends who have benefitted from the Oil Boom. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question B7: Land owners are well compensated for selling their mineral rights. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question B8: I am personally employed by one of the companies that has moved into the area. Yes % No % Not Sure % Question B9: I have regular contact with companies that have moved into the area. Yes % No % Not Sure % 6
7 Question B10: I have family members or relatives or friends who have regular contact with companies that have moved in. No Response % Yes % No % Not Sure % Question B11: I regularly see out-of-town workers for companies that have moved into the area. No Response % Yes % No % Not Sure % Question B12: There are many opportunities for local men in the new Oil Boom economies. No Response % Yes % No % Not Sure % Question B13: There are many opportunities for local women in the new Oil Boom economies. No Response % Yes % No % Not Sure % Question B14: There is no unemployment problem in my community or my county. Yes % No % Not Sure % Question B15: Local retailers are doing better than before with the influx of Oil Boom workers. No Response % Yes % No % Not Sure % 7
8 Question B16: I regularly shop at discount retailers (for example Walmart, Target, etc.) No Response % Yes % No % Not Sure % Question B17: Discount retailers are doing better business than local retailers. No Response % Yes % No % Not Sure % Question B18: List the places (states, countries) where you think many newcomers come from. Alabama 2 Alaska 3 Arizona 8 Arkansas 1 California 12 Colorado 41 Florida 6 Georgia 1 Idaho 137 Iowa 1 Louisiana 3 Michigan 23 Minnesota 74 Mississippi 1 Missouri 2 Montana 50 Nevada 2 New Mexico 1 Ohio 1 Oklahoma 18 Oregon 6 South Dakota 9 Tennessee 2 Texas 64 Utah 82 Vermont 1 8
9 Virginia 1 Washington 50 Wisconsin 6 Wyoming 55 Ontario 2 Mexico 11 Jamaica 1 Germany 1 England 1 9
10 Section C: Social Impacts Question C1: Housing costs have increased. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C2: There are too many newcomers. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C3: There are too many out-of-state cars. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C4: Local residents welcome newcomers. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 10
11 Question C5: Churches are helping newcomers. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C6: My community is a safe place to live. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C7: City services can handle increasing population. Question C8: Stores are overcrowded. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 11
12 Question C9: Roads and highways are becoming less safe with more traffic and machinery. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C10: There is more criminal activity. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C11: Lack of law enforcement is a major problem. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C12: Drugs and alcohol are becoming more serious problems. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 12
13 Question C13: My quality of life has improved. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C14: My community is safe for children. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C15: Newcomers are paid more than local residents. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C16: New wealth has produced a larger social gap. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 13
14 Question C17: Our schools have been affected by the Oil Boom economy. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C18: My community is a good place to raise a family. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question C19: Is your community able to cope with the social problems that arise from the Oil Boom? No Response % Yes % No % 14
15 Section D: Political Impacts Question D1: We need more coordinated and effective long-term land-use planning. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question D2: The federal government should play a stronger role in land-use planning. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question D3: Local political leaders often have little knowledge about environmental problems. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question D4: My community was prepared for the influx of oil workers and companies. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 15
16 Question D5: My county commissioners are keeping on top of all problems. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question D6: My city mayor/councilors are keeping on top of all problems. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question D7: We have a good land-use plan for the county. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question D8: Our planning officials have sufficient training to address housing problems. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 16
17 Question D9: Our law enforcement officials are able to handle problems that arise. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question D10: Our local representatives in the ND legislature are aware of local problems. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question D11: Our members of U.S. Congress are aware of local problems. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question D12: Our state representatives are representing local interests well. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 17
18 Question D13: Various state offices should do more to protect local citizens affected by the Oil Boom. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Questions D14: Outside companies influence local politics. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question D15: Politically, I consider myself at the local level: No Response % Democrat % Republican % Independent % Question D16: Politically, I consider myself at the national level: No Response % Democrat % Republican % Independent % Question D17: On a political continuum, I consider myself: No Response % Liberal % Moderate % Conservative % 18
19 Section E: Environmental Impacts Question E1: Farmland/rangeland should be protected. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E2: Local environmental groups (such as Sierra Club, etc.) are powerful. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E3: Federal environmental agencies (EPA, US Fish and Wildlife Service, etc.) are powerful. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E4: My community is a less environmentally sound place than five years ago. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 19
20 Question E5: Our air is more polluted now than before. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E6: Soils are more polluted now than before. Question E7: The local climate is changing. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E8: There is too much trash and litter. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 20
21 Question E9: Water pollution is a problem. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E10: There are many more heavy vehicle accidents. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E11: Road conditions are worse now than five years ago. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E12: Plant and animal communities are endangered. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 21
22 Question E13: We need better state environmental laws. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E14: Fines should be levied on those committing environmental crimes. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E15: Companies that pollute should pay the bill, not private citizens. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E16: School kids are learning about local environmental problems. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 22
23 Question E17: I have participated in an environmental protest. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E18: I have friends who have participated in an environmental protest. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E19: We need tough local zoning laws. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E20: We need tough state land-use laws. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 23
24 Question E21: We need tough federal land-use laws. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E22: Global climate change is a major problem. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E23: I would like outside environmental groups such as Sierra Club coming in. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question E24: Have you suffered any health problems because of the Oil Boom in the area? No Response % Yes % No % 24
25 Section E: Media Issues Question F1: Local TV is a good source about what s happening with the Oil Boom in my community. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F2: Local newspaper is a good source about what s happening with the Oil Boom in my community. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F3: Local radio is a good source about what s happening with the Oil Boom in my community. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F4: The major statewide TV news keeps me apprised of what s happening about the Oil Boom in my community. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 25
26 Question F5: Internet is an important source for me to know about what s happening about the Oil Boom in my community. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F6: I would like to see more reporters discussing the economic and environmental problems in the region. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F7: I would like to see more surveys published about local attitudes towards the Oil Boom. Question F8: Local newspapers are fair. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 26
27 Question F9: Local TV coverage is fair. Question F10: Local radio is fair. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F11: I discuss Oil Boom evens with family members daily. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F12: I discuss Oil Boom events with friends daily. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 27
28 Question F13: I voice my concerns to elected officials. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F14: I would like the names of environmental polluters published in the newspaper. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F15: There have been community meetings about Oil Boom issues. Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F16: I have attended community meetings about Oil Boom issues. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F17: I would like more attention by major state and regional newspapers. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 28
29 Question F18: I would like more attention by national newspapers. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F19: I would like more attention by national TV networks. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F20: I would like more attention by Public Radio. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % Question F21: I would like more attention on the Internet outlets. No Response % Strongly Agree % Agree % Neutral % Disagree % Strongly Disagree % 29
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