PEACE BRIGADES INTERNATIONAL PBI Colombia -

Transcription

1 PBI Colombia Project Washington DC, USA Tel. (+1) PBI Colombia Project European Union PBI Delegation in Colombia Bogotá, Colombia Tel. (+57) PEACE BRIGADES INTERNATIONAL PBI Colombia - FOCOS DE INTERÉS October - December 2014 Focos de Interés is a publication that calls attention to critical security situations affecting the persons, organizations and communities, accompanied by Peace Brigades International (PBI), whose work in the defence of human rights results in threats to their personal safety and to the work itself. This publication is of limited distribution and cannot be reproduced without prior authorization. Bogotá, 21 January 2015 PEACE TALKS CONTINUE IN HAVANA, WHILE LAND RESTITUTION PROCESES ADVANCE SLOWLY The final quarter of 2014 in Colombia were marked by news of the kidnapping of General Rubén Darío Alzate by the FARC, which led to the Colombian Government breaking off the peace talks in Havana. 1 The subsequent release of the General and those with him opened up space again for the negotiations between the parties, 2 news that was accompanied by the announcement of a unilateral and open-ended ceasefire by the FARC, which began on 19 December. 3 Land restitution processes The final quarter of the year saw reports of ongoing failures in the effective implementation of the Land Restitution & Victims Law (Law 1448 of 2011). The human rights organization Forging Futures Foundation presented a report expressing concern about the slowness of land restitution processes; in a study of 500 sentences the Foundation observed that 76.7% of restitution rulings had no timetable for their execution, and 84.4% had no follow-up process to guarantee their application. 4 Amnesty International, for its part, issued a report in November, A land title is not enough: ensuring sustainable land restitution in Colombia, highlighting a number of flaws in the Law s implementation. According to AI analysis, nearly 13% of the country s population has suffered forced displacement since 1985, the majority of which have been family farmers, indigenous and afro-descendant people. Furthermore, Amnesty explains, [p]aramilitaries, often working with others with a political and/or economic interest in the lands being claimed, as well as drug trafficking gangs, have been primarily responsible for threats against and killings of land claimants and land activists. 5 The report indicates that since 2012, only a tiny percentage of the millions of hectares stolen have been returned ( ) fewer than 30,000 hectares. Moreover, most of the land restitution cases resolved thus far correspond to families that have already returned and are simply formalising their land tenure. Amnesty also denounces the impunity that dominates implementation of the Law, noting that, [t]he majority of those suspected of having criminal responsibility for forced displacement and related human rights abuses have never been brought to justice. 6 The report also highlights the threats and homicides of land claimants and people who defend human rights.

2 Mixed results in Curbarado land grab case At the beginning of December, a Medellin judge convicted 16 palm-industry businessmen, finding that they had allied themselves with paramilitary groups to forcibly displace Afro-descendant communities in the lower reaches of the Atrato River, and then developed an agro-industrial palm oil project from the late 1990s onwards. For the crimes of forced displacement, conspiracy to commit a crime, and invasion of areas of special ecological importance, the judge handed down sentences of between seven and ten years. 7 These convictions are a significant milestone and a clear result of the communities work and resilience. However, communities denounce that the businessmen and bad faith occupiers, as identified by the Colombian Institute for Rural Development (INCODER) in 2012, remain on the land and are threatening them, whilst evictions of these illegal occupiers have been suspended, despite orders issued by the Colombian Constitutional Court. 8 Women s commission presents proposals to the gender subcommittee in Havana In September, a gender subcommittee was set up at as part of the negotiations between the Government and the FARC. 9 On 15 December, representatives from women s organisations travelled to Havana to present proposals, including parity participation of women in all processes and mechanisms to create peace-building initiatives and guarantees for truth, justice and non-repetition for women who are victims of the conflict. The participants included Olga Amparo Sánchez (Casa de la Mujer), and Claudia María Mejía (Sisma Mujer); both these organisations are close to PBI. This is the first of three delegations due to take part in the negotiations. 10 Threats against human rights defenders continue The risk faced by human rights defenders (HRDs) in Colombia continues to be of great concern; we note that death threats continue to be made on a massive scale. Between September and October 2014, over 250 HRDs have been threatened, and the We Are Defenders programme reports that 303 HRDs in Colombia were killed in the last 5 years. 11 In October, two days after a session of the National Roundtable on Guarantees for HRDs, Community and Social leaders (a series of high-level dialogues between representatives of the human rights community and the national government), 12 a written threat was left at the offices of the peace and conflict think-tank New Rainbow Corporation; the threat, signed by the Black Eagles neo-paramilitary group, threatened to kill the 98 people it named. 13 Amongst those on the list are members of the Colombia-Europe-United States Coordination (CCEEUU) who participate in the Working Group on Forced Disappearances and Extrajudicial Executions, including Yanette Bautista (of the Nydia Erika Bautista Foundation, periodically accompanied by PBI Colombia) and other people accompanied by PBI including José Humberto Torres (of the Committee in Solidarity with Political Prisoners - FCSPP), Jahel Quiroga (co-founder and board president of the Regional Corporation for the Defence of Human Rights - CREDHOS) and Camilo Villa (Movement of Victims of State Crimes - MOVICE). 14 Two months later a similar threat was issued; also signed by the Black Eagles, this threat named 80 HRDs, including several members of MOVICE, declaring them military targets. 15 This situation has spurred organisations like Amnesty International to call on the Colombian Government to adopt measures to punish those responsible for the grave abuses suffered by HRDs. 16 Inter-American Court ruling in the Palace of Justice case On 10 December, International Human Rights Day, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights handed down its decision in the Palace of Justice case, ruling that public security forces committed human rights violations when they recovered the Palace after it had been occupied by the M-19 guerrilla group in The Court accepted evidence submitted by the relatives of victims and rejected the state s arguments about the possibility that the bodies had been burned. It also recognised that the omission of any serious, coordinated or systematic search for victims constitutes a violation of their relatives right to access justice, and ordered an immediate and effective search for remains. 17 One month earlier, the Bogotá Superior Tribunal convicted retired General Jesús Armando Arias Cabrales, former commander of the Army s 13th Brigade, for his role in forced disappearances during the recovery of the Palace of Justice, though he was convicted for the disappearance of just five victims, not the eleven sought by the prosecution and victims advocates. 18 2

3 The lawyers and organisations that support the victims are all accompanied by PBI: the Jose Alvear Restrepo Lawyers Collective (CCAJAR), the Inter-Church Justice and Peace Commission (CIJP), and Jorge Molano. Advances in the case of psychological torture of journalist Claudia Julieta Duque The final quarter of 2014 saw important advances in the case of the illegal wiretapping and psychological torture of journalist Claudia Julieta Duque, who is accompanied by PBI. On 3 October, José Miguel Narváez, former director of the now-defunct presidential intelligence agency, the Administrative Department of Security (DAS); Giancarlo Auque Silvestre, former DAS intelligence director; Carlos Alberto Arzayús, former DAS deputy director of intelligence; and Enrique Alberto Ariza, former DAS deputy director of counter-intelligence, were accused of the aggravated torture of the journalist during the mid-2000s. 19 In addition, the Prosecutor General s Office requested that copies of the proceedings be reviewed by the House of Representatives Accusations Comission, for a possible investigation into the alleged responsibility of former president Álvaro Uribe in the acts of torture. 20 In addition to these developments, on 18 December the 11 th Special Tribunal sentenced former DAS deputy director of operations, Hugo Daney Ortiz, to 132 months of prison for his participation in the psychological torture and monitoring of Duque, of her under-age daughter and of various members of her family, in facts that took place in Failings continue in protection schemes In October, the National Human Rights Ombudsman, on the basis of testimony by leaders of victims organisations and HRDs, issued an alert about failings in the functioning of the National Protection Unit (UNP). These deficiencies, the Ombudsman warned, are impeding the work of HRDs and victims with UNP measures. 22 Lawyer Jorge Molano was one of those affected by these failings, which led him to bring a claim against the government. The judge found in Mr. Molano s favour, and ordered the UNP and Foreign Ministry to re-establish the security measures within 48 hours of the notification of the decision. Molano s measures were re-established, but he reports that further irregularities took place. 23 At the end of December the UNP General Director, Andrés Villamizar announced his resignation. 24 The news broke after the Comptroller General warned of financial and administrative irregularities within the UNP. 25 Due to take his place is Diego Mora, former manager of President Santos regional political campaign in the Northern Santander departmente. 26 International entities call for protection of human rights defenders During the 153rd period of sessions of the Inter-American Commission on Human Right (IACHR) in October, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, Michel Forst, and the IACHR Rapporteur on the rights of human rights defenders, Commissioner José de Jesús Orozco Henríquez, met and reaffirmed their commitment to continue to deepen cooperation between the universal human rights system and the Inter-American System in order to improve protection for HRDs. 27 Furthermore, upon presenting its report on Activities for the 2014 Preliminary Examination for Colombia and Honduras, the International Criminal Court s Prosecutor indicated that she will continue to evaluate whether the Colombian Government is carrying out authentic measures against those responsible for the most serious crimes; and will continue to analyse the application of the Legal Framework for Peace and decide on cases of False Positives (extrajudicial executions) in her analysis of national proceedings in criminal cases that fall within the Court s competence. 28 PBI Colombia highlights the following aggressions between October and December 2014 against human rights organisations accompanied by PBI: 3

4 Threats and attacks 4 October: threat from neo-paramilitary group Los Rastrojos against Ingrid Vergara Chávez and other members of the Sucre Chapter of MOVICE, in which the group threatens to kill the HRDs and declares them military targets October: text message death threat from neo-paramilitary group Los Urabeños sent to the cellular phone of Walter Agredo of the FCSPP s Valle del Cauca chapter; the sender threatens to kill Mr. Agredo and other HRDs, saying they have 24 hours to leave the city October: death threat from Los Urabeños via text message to three members of the Association of Family Members of the Detained and Disappeared (Asfaddes): Gloria Luz Gómez Cortés, Luz Elsia Almanza and César Augosto Muñoz October: threat from neo-paramilitary group the Black Eagles addressed to José Humberto Torres and 98 others, seven of whom take part in the National Roundtable on Guarantees for HRDs. José Humberto Torres is a member of the FCSPP November: threat against the San José de Apartadó Peace Community by neo-paramilitary group the Gaitanista Self- Defence Forces of Colombia. The neo-paramilitaries affirmed that this S.O.B. peace community is a pack of guerrillas and they already had the green light to attack and exterminate it December: threat by neo-paramilitaries against María Eugenia Mosquera and Edwin Mosquera, members of CIJP November: the son of Yomaira Mendoza (leader of a land restitution process in the Curbarado River basin currently in exile due to threats against her) was detained for several hours in Medellin by four neo-paramilitaries and interrogated about his mother November: death threat against Guillermo Díaz and Enrique Cabezas, leaders of a land restitution process in Curbarado (Chocó) December: mass threat distributed in pamphlets by the Capital Block of the Black Eagles neo-paramilitary group, in which they threaten to kill various journalists and contributors to Contagio Radio, CIJP s radio programme. 37 Surveillance and monitoring 2 October: Iván Madero, president of CREDHOS, is followed and monitored in Barrancabermeja October: surveillance of Milbia Díaz and Fabio Ariza, members of CIJP, in Belén de Bajirá (Chocó) October: a member of the Peace Community s Internal Council approached by members of the police, after they had been watching and following him during a trip to downtown Apartadó October: Guillermo José Larios, member of CREDHOS board of directors followed and monitored in Barrancabermeja October: various members of CIJP followed, including Abilio Peña (a member of CIJP s coordination team) October: Father Alberto Franco (a member of CIJP s coordination team) followed as he walked to CIJP s offices in Bogotá October: land rights claimant and leader James Ruiz (son of Manuel Ruíz, murdered in 2012) followed by recognized paramilitary Leonel Suescún October: surveillance of the home of Eladio Cordero, leader in the Curbarado land restitution process October: in downtown Apartadó, two men armed with handguns followed a member of the Peace Community s Internal Council November: surveillance of CIJP s offices by three men, one of whom was armed November: various civilians in the Nueva Antioquia hamlet (Antioquia) were allegedly approached by paramilitaries who showed them photographs of members of the Peace Community s Internal Council who had taken part in the 14 October pilgrimage for the release Yhon Eider Florez, a young man detained by the Army Yhon Eider Florez in October November: several members of CIJP in Bogotá, including Danilo Rueda and Fabio Ariza, are monitored and photographed by an unknown man December: Danilo Rueda (a member of the CIJP coordination team) followed. 50 4

5 The civilian population in the midst of armed conflict Curbarado and Jiguamiandó (Chocó): In the Curbarado River basin, the land restitution process does not appear to have advanced much. The announced eviction of illegal occupiers near Apartadocito planned for 24 November was cancelled because the safety of the participating institutions could not be guaranteed, and no new date has been announced. 51 Meanwhile a member of the Cabezas family, Emilio Cabezas, has been threatened again, as has land claimant Guillermo Diaz, who lives in the Argenito Diaz Humanitarian Zone. 52 (See above for an update on judicial proceedings for land grabbing and forced displacement of the communities.) Cacarica (Chocó): December 26 marked one year since the Inter-American Court issued a ruling against the Colombian State for its responsibility in the displacement of thousands of people in the Cacarica River basin, through a joint military and paramilitary operation named Operation Genesis, and the murder of Marino López, a farmer from Cacarica. 53 In spite of the sentence s emblematic importance, and although the organisation Cacarica Communities of Self-Determination, Life and Dignity (CAVIDA) presented a proposal to the government for individual and collective reparations for victims of Operation Genesis in order to ensure a safe and dignified return for victims of the military and paramilitary operation, the communities denounce that there have been no advances in the implementation of the proposal, or of any of the other orders issued by the Court. Peace Community of San José de Apartadó (Antioquia): The Peace Community of San José de Apartadó reported frequent defamatory attacks at the end of October and beginning of November by high-ranking officers of the 17th Brigade, particularly Brigade commander Colonel Germán Rojas Díaz, in a number of regional and national media outlets. 54 The Community continues to denounce failures in the implementation of various rulings of the Constitutional Court, including: T-327/04, which reiterates the State s obligation to protect the life and dignity of the Community; T-1025; and 034/12 and 164/12, which establish that the State must, in agreement with the community, put in place protection measures and channels for rebuilding trust between the Community and the State. 55 The Peace Community also reports the presence of Public Forces in the Community s hamlets, 56 has denounced the presence of neo-paramilitary groups in the rural areas of San José de Apartadó, and notes that members were followed by an unknown individual in the village of San José de Apartadó. 57 These incidents demonstrate that the Community continues to be exposed to a vulnerable situation. 58 Puente Nayero Humanitarian Space, Buenaventura (Valle de Cauca): Multiple leaders of the Puente Nayero Humanitarian Space (HS) received threats in the last three months of Members of CIJP who work in the HS have also been targeted, as have members of international organisations that accompany CIJP, with messages such as: here there are a lot of snitches and they are all going to die, and, S.O.B. gringos, you re going to die. 60 On 20 October alleged neo-paramilitaries made an incursion into the HS, dressed in civilian clothes, and searched two unoccupied houses. 61 CIJP expressed concern over declarations by the Buenaventura Municipal Ombudsman, Álvaro Martán Abonce, to Cali newspaper El País, in which he said, I question the posture adopted by the [Puente Nayero] community, of restricting access by Public Forces to the humanitarian space, leading to the authorities inability to comply with the preservation of the safety of this sector s inhabitants as ordered by the IACHR. 62 Detentions and specious prosecutions 10 November: Juan David Díaz, spokesperson for MOVICE in Sucre department, and two of his relatives were summoned at the end of November by a prosecutor with the False Testimony Investigation Unit. The summons was based on a claim for false testimony made by Salvador Arana Sus, a paramilitary who was condemned for assassinating Mr. Díaz s father, Eudaldo Díaz. We note that neither Juan David Díaz, nor the other relatives who were summoned, had been called to testify in the case for which Arana Sus was found guilty. 63 Imprisonment of David Ravelo: The judicial proceedings against human rights defender David Ravelo Crespo are still in the final appeal stage. In related developments, it became public that William Pacheco Granados, the former prosecutor in the 5

6 case against David Ravelo, was named as a Professional Specialist to the National Electoral Council. 64 We note that before being a prosecutor, Pacheco had been a lieutenant in the National Police but was investigated and later dismissed by the Inspector General s Office for his alleged role in the forced disappearance of a youth in Armenia (Quindio) in In November 1993, Pacheco was found guilty for his role in the same incident by the Superior Military Tribunal and sentenced to one year in prison, permanently barred from serving in the police and on assuming public office. 66 In October 2014, a letter was presented to Magistrates by 27 international organisations and 3 individuals, which set out concerns caused by irregularities in legal proceedings against the human rights defender. 67 Its asks Colombia s highest court of justice to take their concerns into account and for the Court to admit and examine the request for an extraordinary appeal submitted by David Ravelo s defence, to ensure a just and impartial process that guarantees all the rights that he has so far been denied. Also in October, four Supreme Court Criminal Chamber Magistrates recused themselves from Mr. Ravelo s case. 68 Smears and defamatory statements 21 October: a video published on the internet, which claims to have been published by the Colombian Ministry of Defence, shows images of a number of individuals, including César Jérez and members of the Family Farmer Association of the Cimitarra River Valley (ACVC), in a section titled Organisational warfare, and includes the message: the subversive war has known how to change when militarily defeated, entrenched in the human rights NGOs yesterday s guerrillas are today s judges. 69 The Ministry has denied any knowledge of the video October: the commander of the Army s 17th Brigade, Coronel Germán Rojas Díaz accuses the Peace Community recruiting children for the FARC October: public harassment of Danilo Rueda, a member of CIJP s coordination team, and Jesuit priest Father Javier Giraldo in the Apartadó airport by men in civilian attire boarding a Colombian Air Force plane, who shouted at the men that they were land grabbers October: defamatory statements against the Peace Community in TV programme Testigo Directo, called Zafarrancho en el Urabá Antioqueño ( Chaos in the Uraba region of Antioquia ), and broadcast by Caracol Internacional media company. During the program, the commander of the 17 th Brigade, Colonel Germán Rojas Díaz, alleges that the Peace Community has a relationship with the FARC October: statements against Father Javier Giraldo by the commander of the 17th Brigade, Colonel Germán Rojas Díaz, are aired on local radio, publicly inviting Father Giraldo to give up the weapons and start a dialogue October: a pamphlet is distributed in Antioquia, signed by the local businessmen and the Uraba community, accusing the Peace Community and international NGOs that work in Uraba of being in the service of the FARC November: a member of the Peace Community s Internal Council is retained by police in Olaya Herrera airport in Medellin. After taking down his information, the policeman said that he and the Peace Community were a pack of conflict generators November: a member of the Peace Community s Internal Council reports receiving a call from someone identifying himself as a sub-lieutenant in the 11 th Mobile Brigade of the National Army, inviting the Community leader and all members of the Internal Council to demobilise and join the national government s reinsertion programme. 77 6

7 Recommendations In response to the situation, PBI asks the international community to call on the Colombian Government to: Carry out investigations and prosecutions that identify and sanction both the material and intellectual authors of the aforementioned human rights violations, and that guarantee non-repetition of such violations. Design and implement protection measures and policies that concentrate on prevention and the elimination of the structural causes of the attacks. Such protection measures should be agreed upon in consultation with the beneficiaries and implemented with utmost urgency. In the current context, special attention must be paid to the protection of the victims lawyers, of leaders in land restitution processes and of communities who have been displaced or are at risk of displacement. Design and implement protection measures of a collective nature that guarantee the protection of communities, especially those in process of returning or resettling after having been displaced. Continue dialogues with civil society organisations in the framework of the Roundtables on Guarantees for Human Rights Defenders, Social and Community Leaders, at a national, regional and local level, and fulfil the commitments reached. Publicly demonstrate support for the work of human rights defenders via media with wide national coverage; reject and condemn any hostile statements by State agents against this collective; and make public statements in support of human rights organisations. Respect and protect initiatives that create humanitarian spaces and territories of peace in conflict zones. Investigate and take measures to deal with the presence of neo-paramilitary groups in different regions of the country. PBI asks that the international community: Make public statements supporting human rights organisations and condemning any kind of attack against them. Visit the organisations and the communities highlighted above. Monitor the approval, implementation and efficiency of the protection measures granted to human rights defenders, and the progress in investigations into the attacks against them. Pay particular attention to the situation of human rights defenders in the context of the peace negotiations and support the initiatives and participation of civil society groups. 1. El Espectador: Farc secuestraron al general Alzate en caserío Las Mercedes, Chocó, 16 November RCN: Gobierno y Farc retomaron diálogos tras crisis por secuestro del general Alzate, 10 December 2014 PBI appreciates your continued support for our work to protect human rights defenders and displaced communities. PBI Colombia 7

8 Footnotes 3. Semana: FARC inician cese al fuego unilateral e indefinido, 19 December El Espectador: Santos pide devolver con más velocidad las tierras despojadas a campesinos, 18 October Amnesty International, A land title is not enough: ensuring sustainable land restitution in Colombia, 27 November Amnesty International: 15 Facts about Colombia s land restitution process, 27 November Verdad Abierta: A la cárcel 16 empresarios de palma de Chocó, 8 December CIJP: Protegen a despojadores, 21 November El Espectador: Se instala la subcomisión de género en los diálogos de paz, 7 September El Espectador: Colectivo de mujeres pide a Gobierno y Farc tregua bilateral en Navidad, 15 December We Are Defenders Programme: Campaña por la protección integral de los defensores /as de derechos humanos en Colombia, 12 November El Heraldo: Gobierno reactiva Mesa Nacional de Garantías por salida de paramilitares, 21 October CCEEU: Nuevas amenazas contra defensores de los Derechos Humanos en el proceso del marco de reactivación del Proceso Nacional de Garantías, 25 October Corporación Nuevo Arcoiris: Amenazados 100 demócratas y defensores de los derechos humanos, 22 October Amnesty International: Another death threat to Defenders, 15 December Amnesty International: Defending human rights in the Americas: necessary, legitimate and dangerous, December CCAJAR: Pronunciamiento a propósito del Fallo de la Corte IDH en el caso del Palacio de Justicia, 11 December Semana: Confirman condena del general Arias Cabrales por la toma del Palacio, 28 October La Vanguardia: Expresidente Uribe será investigado por tortura a la periodista Claudia Duque, 3 October Prosecturo General s Office: Fiscalía acusa a cuatro exdirectivos del DAS por tortura agravada contra Claudia Julieta Duque, 3 October El Espectador: Condenan a exfuncionario del DAS por tortura psicológica a una periodista, 18 December El Espectador: Defensoría alerta sobre fallas en esquemas de protección en Colombia, 17 October El Espectador: Ordenan restablecer medidas de protección a abogado defensor de derechos humanos, 14 October Blu Radio: Andrés Villamizar renunciará a la Unidad Nacional de Protección, 23 December El Tiempo: Contraloría cuestiona ejecución de contratos de Unidad de Protección, 23 December El Espectador: Exgerente de campaña regional de Santos sería nuevo director de la UNP, 25 December Organization of American States, UN and IACHR Rapporteurs Call on States to Protect Human Rights Defenders, 31 October CIJP: Informe sobre las Actividades de Examen Preliminar de 2014, (situaciones en Honduras y Colombia), 2 December Movice: Dirigentes del MOVICE en Sucre reciben graves amenazas de grupos paramilitares autodenominados Rastrojos, 4 October FCSPP: Amenazas contra miembros de Cspp, 6 October 2014 / CCAJAR: Amenazas contra organizaciones sociales y de derechos Humanos en Valle del Cauca, 6 October El Espectador: Asociación de familias de desaparecidos denuncia amenazas de muerte, 10 October 2014; CCAJAR: Hostigamientos, intimidaciones y amenazas contra Asfaddes, 9 October CCAJAR: Amenazas a Participantes del Proceso Nacional de Garantías, 22 October Esa h. p. comunidad de paz era una manada de guerrilleros. Tenemos la luz verde para arreciar los ataques contra ella y exterminarla. Peace Community: Paramilitares deciden plan de ordenamiento territorial de Apartadó y Turbo, 11 December CIJP: Amenazas de muerte contra integrantes de la Comisión de Justicia y Paz, 16 December CIJP: Amenazas de muerte, hostigamientos, seguimientos, planes de atentados, 12 December CIJP: Amenazas de muerte, hostigamientos, seguimientos, planes de atentados, 12 December CIJP: Amenazan de muerte a periodistas, 4 December CREDHOS: Defensores de Derechos Humanos víctimas de asecho y hostigamiento constantes en la región, 27 October 2014 (document not available on-line) 39. CIJP: Seguimientos ilegales, abusos de autoridad, interceptación de comunicaciones, difamaciones, 11 November Peace Community: Bombardeos, espionajes, control y creciente poderío paramilitar: así protege el Estado a sus ciudadanos, 13 October Denunciation lodged with the Attorney General s Office in Barracabermeja, No E.A CIJP: Seguimientos ilegales, abusos de autoridad, interceptación de comunicaciones, difamaciones, 11 November CIJP: Seguimiento al defensor de derechos humanos Alberto Franco, 28 October CIJP: Amenazas de muerte, hostigamientos, seguimientos, planes de atentados, 12 December CIJP: Amenazas de muerte, hostigamientos, seguimientos, planes de atentados, 12 December Peace Community: Cuando no hay legitimidad, buena es la propaganda comprada, 10 November CIJP: Nueva intimidación a mujeres defensoras de derechos humanos, 5 November Equipo Nizkor: Cuando no hay legitimidad, buena es la propaganda comprada, 10 November CIJP: Amenazas de muerte contra integrantes de la Comisión de Justicia y Paz, 16 December CIJP: Seguimiento a defensor de Derechos Humanos, 23 December CIJP: Retención por paramilitares de hijo de lideresa de restitución Yomaira Mendoza, 26 November CIJP: Nuevas amenazas a líderes de restitución, 27 November Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Case of the Afro-descendant communities displaced from the Cacarica River Basin (Operation Genesis), judgment of 20 November See: Smears and defamatory statements, Op. Cit. 55. Peace Community: La bestia poco a poco saca las garras bélicas, 27 October See: The civilian population in the midst of armed conflict, Op. Cit. 57. Peace Community: Paramilitares deciden plan de ordenamiento territorial de Apartadó y Turbo, 11 December Peace Community: Cuando no hay legitimidad, buena es la propaganda comprada, 10 November CIJP: Nuevamente es amenaza lideresa en Buenaventura, 17 October CIJP: Amenazan de muerte a afros, observadores internacionales y DDHH, 3 December CIJP: Paramilitares están dentro del Espacio Humanitario, 20 October CIJP: Graves señalamientos de personero de Buenaventura contra Espacio Humanitario, 25 de septiembre de CCAJAR: Persecución judicial contra vocero del Movice Sucre, 10 November National Registrar: Resolution 2451, 27 February Delegated Ombudsman for the defence of Human Rights: Resolution 015 of 10 July 1992, Resolution 017 of 22 November 1993 and Resolution 2117 of 15 March Letter from the Ministry of Defence, Response to petition received on 19 November 2012, reference MDN-DEJPM-GDG-CE-22 dated December 2012 addressed to Alirio Uribe Muñoz (not available on-line) 8

9 67. FIDH: COLOMBIA: Caso de David Ravelo Crespo, 4 November Corte Suprema de Justicia sala de casación Penal, Casación 43424, 28 October Prensa Rural: La Amenaza - El video que el Ministerio de Defensa no quiere que veamos, 21 October Confidencial Colombia: La ruta del video falso del Ejército, 21 October Peace Community: La bestia poco a poco saca las garras bélicas, 27 October CIJP: Señalamientos al defensor de derechos humanos Danilo Rueda, 28 October Testigo Directo: Zafarrancho en el Urabá Antioqueño, 18 October Peace Community: La bestia poco a poco saca las garras bélicas, 27 October Peace Community: Un Coronel anula la retractación a medias del Presidente, 3 November Peace Community: Paramilitares deciden plan de ordenamiento territorial de Apartadó y Turbo, 11 December Peace Community: Cuando no hay legitimidad, buena es la propaganda comprada, 10 November