The Role of Regimes in Post-War Europe

Transcription

1 Notes Chapter 2 The Role of Regimes in Post-War Europe 1 See special issue of International Organization 36 (2). 2 Interview with OSCE official, OSCE Secretariat, Vienna, November She pointed to the organization s mandate to cooperate with other international organizations as set out in the Istanbul Summit Declaration 1999, the Bucharest Plan for Combating Terrorism 2001 and the Maastricht Strategy on Threats to Security, See 3 Various interviews with OSCE and Council of Europe officials, Vienna and Strasbourg, October and November Chapter 4 The European Minority Rights Regime 1 Author interview with the High Commissioner on National Minorities, Rolf Ekeus, in The Hague on 31 March Ibid. 3 See (Date accessed: 26 August 2005). Background to the FCNM can be found at de/doc/coe_project/intro.html (Date accessed: 26 August 2005). 4 The accession process was again refined the following year at the Luxembourg European Council. Chapter 5 The Influence of International Organizations 1 Author interview, Minority Rights Group International, December Author interviews with European Commission DG Enlargement officials, Brussels, February Author interview with European Commission official, DG Enlargement, Brussels, February Author interview with European Commission official, Legal Services, Brussels, February Author interview with OSCE HCNM Knut Vollebaek, The Hague, December Author interview with OSCE HCNM Knut Vollebaek, The Hague, December Author interview with HCNM legal advisor, The Hague, December Author interview with Minority Rights Group International, December Other literature argues that given the generic nature of many of the FCNM provisions, the automatic exclusion of new minorities should be resisted (see Craig 2010; Ringelheim 2010). 10 Author interview with Minority Rights Group International, December

2 Notes Author interview with Senator Frunda, Bucharest, November Author interviews with Hungarian politicians and government officials, Bucharest, November Author interview with government official, Bucharest, November Author interview with government official, Bucharest, November Author interview with Bulgarian NGO, Sofia, January Author interview with government official, Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, Sofia, January Author interview with Ambassador Peteris Elferts, Latvia s Ambassador to the Republic of Ireland, Dublin, May Author interview with Tatjana Ždanoka MEP, Brussels, February Author interview with Boriss Cilevics, PACE, by telephone, May Author interviews, European Commission, February Author interview, Council of the European Union, February Author interview, European Commission, February Author interviews with local NGOs in Sofia, January Author interview with Krassimir Kanev, Bulgarian Helsinki Committee, Sofia, January Author interview with OSCE HCNM Knut Vollebaek, The Hague, December Author interview with high-ranking Latvian official, May Author interview with OSCE HCNM Knut Vollebaek, The Hague, December Author interview with high-ranking Latvian official, May Author interview with high-ranking Latvian official, May Chapter 6 Rights Interorganizational Overlap and Minority 1 See 2 Interview with official working for Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights Thomas Hammarberg, Strasbourg, November Interview with Venice Commission official, Strasbourg, November To illustrate how constitutional prescriptions depend on context, she refers to idea of reserved seats for minorities in parliament. 4 Interview with DG Enlargement official, European Commission, Brussels, February Interview with official in the Council of the European Union, Brussels, February Interview with European Commission DG Enlargement official, Brussels, February Interview with Council of Europe official, Strasbourg, December The body of experts is comprised of academics, officials from other international organizations and think-tanks. For lists of the experts involved in consultation leading to the Hague Recommendations see the article by John Packer (2000). 9 Author interview with OSCE HCNM Knut Vollebaek, The Hague, December 2008.

3 194 Notes 10 See 010_ FCNM_ExplanReport_en.pdf. 11 The drafting group comprised of experts from the following states: Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Sweden, Turkey and the United Kingdom. See PDF_CAHMIN(94)5_en.pdf. 12 For the various reports on the draft framework convention for the protection of national minorities see 6_Resources/DocumentaryResources_en.asp. 13 Interview with Council of Europe official, Strasbourg, November Interview with European Commission official, DG Enlargement, Brussels, February Interview with European Commission official, DG Enlargement, Brussels, February Interview with OSCE HCNM official, The Hague, December Interview with Council of Europe official, Secretariat of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Strasbourg, November Interview with ECRI official, Strasbourg, December Interview with Council of Europe official, Secretariat of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Strasbourg, November Interview with OSCE HCNM official, The Hague, December Interview with OSCE HCNM Knut Vollebaek, The Hague, December Interview with Council of Europe official, Secretariat of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Strasbourg, November Interview with Minority Rights Group International official, December Interview with Council of Europe official, Secretariat of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Strasbourg, November Interview with European Commission official, DG Justice, Freedom & Security, Brussels, February Interview with Council of Europe official, Secretariat of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Strasbourg, November These experts come from the Council of Europe Advisory Committee on the FCNM; the Committee of Experts of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages; the Committee of Legal Affairs and Human Rights of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe; the OSCE HCNM; and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. 28 Interview with Venice Commission official, Strasbourg, December Interview with Council of Europe official, Strasbourg, December Interview with Council of Europe official, Strasbourg, December Interview with Council of Europe official, Strasbourg, December Interview with OSCE Secretary General, Marc Perrin de Brichambaut, Vienna, November Interview with Council of Europe official, Strasbourg, November Interview with European Commission official, DG Enlargement, Brussels, February Interview with Latvian official, May Interview with Latvian official, May 2010.

4 Notes Interview, OSCE Secretariat, Vienna, November Interview with OSCE HCNM Knut Vollebaek, The Hague, December Chapter 7 International Regimes and State Implementation 1 OSCE High Commission on National Minorities, Letters to the Foreign Ministry of the Latvian Republic, Chapter 8 An Effective International Regime? 1 Welcome address by Alan Phillips, President of the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention, at the Enhancing the Impact of the Framework Convention conference, 9 10 October 2008, Strasbourg, available at: coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/6_resources/iaconf_file_en.asp, accessed 8 August OSCE ODIHR (2001) Guidelines to Assist National Minority Participation in the Electoral Process, available at:

5 Bibliography Principal Official Documents Council of Europe Council of Europe (1990) Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Recommendation 1134 (1990) on the rights of minorities, available at: assembly.coe.int/main.asp?link=/documents/adoptedtext/ta90/erec1134.htm. Council of Europe (1993a) Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Resolution 1201 (1993) on an additional protocol on the rights of national minorities to the European Convention on Human Rights, available at: Main.asp? link=/documents/adoptedtext/ta93/erec1201.htm. Council of Europe (1993b) Ad Hoc Committee for the Protection of National Minorities, Terms of Reference of the CAHMIN on the drawing up of a framework convention and a protocol complementing the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), Strasbourg, 10 December 1993, available at: Council of Europe (1995) Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and Explanatory Report, available at: minorities/1_atglance/pdf_h(1995)010_fcnm_explanreport_en.pdf. Council of Europe (1997a) Committee of Ministers Resolution 97(10), Rules Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on the Monitoring Arrangements Under Articles 24 to 26 of the FCNM, available at: 2_Monitoring/PDF_Resolution(1997)010_en.pdf. Council of Europe (1997b) Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Resolution 1123 (1997) on the honouring of obligations and commitments by Romania, available at: ta97/eres1123.htm. Council of Europe (2000) Relations between the Council of Europe and the OSCE: Common Catalogue of Co-operation Modalities, available at: Com/Files/Cooperation/OSCE/ _OSCE_COE.asp. Council of Europe (2004a) Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the protection of National Minorities, Opinion on Bulgaria, available at: int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/3_fcnmdocs/pdf_1st_op_bulgaria_en.pdf. Council of Europe (2004b) Report by Mr Alvaro Gil-Robles, Commissioner for Human Rights on his visit to Latvia, October 2003, CommDH (2004) 3, Strasbourg: February 2004, available at: Council of Europe (2006) PACE Resolution 1527 (2006): Rights of national minorities in Latvia, available at: Text/ta06/ERES1527.htm. Council of Europe (2006) Report Submitted By Latvia Pursuant to Article 25, Paragraph 1 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, available at: Latvia_en.pdf. 196

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