An Introduction to Syria

Transcription

1 An Introduction to Syria Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

2 Outline Syria before the conflict (education, health, history, cultural groups, traditions, family) Changes since the conflict Conditions Syrians may face in the region Pre-departure services and Resettlement process Cultural adjustment Conclusion Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

3 Photographs may be taken at the event by IOM. By registering for this event you agree to allow IOM to use such photographs to: - Increase knowledge and understanding of migration issues. - Raise awareness in campaigns, promotional activities, communication strategies and public communications. - Document and promote IOM s work. - Inform IOM s donors, partners, the media, the general public and others about IOM s programmes and activities. If you do not agree with the use of the photos, please let us know.

4 Syria before the conflict A middle-income country with fairly strong employment Multicultural and multiple religions Health care and education at little or no cost The rural/urban divide Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

5 Health System From 1970 to 2009, considerable improvements in health indicators Overall investment still relatively low and quality uneven Al Kindi hospital in Aleppo was one of the country s most state-of-the-art medical centres, featured in the Daily Mail, 27 January % of medications in Syria produced locally Access to specialists and antibiotics Infant and early childcare Limited mental health care A pharmacist looks for medication at a pharmacy in Damascus Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

6 Education Free public schools and university (some private) Compulsory up to 9 th grade Literacy rates Mixed genders in primary Education in rural/urban areas Religious classes Foreign languages Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

7 Learning a Foreign Language Lecture style (rote memorisation) frequently used Preliterate participants face additional challenges Practical lessons most popular Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

8 Learning English

9 This map is for illustration purposes only. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not impl y official endorsement or acceptance by th e International Organization for Migration.

10 Cultural Traditions & Family Life Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

11 Communication Etiquette: asking multiple times Communication with officials Communication and managing expectations Interpreters: dialects Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

12 Arabic Phrases arabic/guide/phrases.shtml

13 Kurdish Phrases rases/kurdish-kurmanji.php

14 Customs Shaking hands Interactions between men and women Diversity of clothing Many women wear head covering/hijabs Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

15 Family Structure A family typically consists of a married man and woman with or without children Sexual relationships before marriage generally not culturally acceptable Fathers are often considered the main decision maker for the family Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

16 Family Life Older siblings care for younger siblings Community caretaking Child protection Caring for disabled children Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

17 Social Infrastructure Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

18 Social Support Social services in Syria Expectations of support in a social services system Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

19 Police Potential opinions Community engagement Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

20 Building an understanding of the experiences of Syrian refugees Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

21 Since the conflict began 6.3 million people displaced within Syria, 5 million fled the country Decreased water availability Reduced electrical coverage Damaged residential housing Reduced access to hospitals Increased outbreaks Damaged or repurposed schools High unemployment and increased poverty Trauma and reduced access to mental health facilities Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

22

23 Common Challenges Around 5 million Syrian refugees in the region Low employment rates Majority of children not attending school Crowded housing with inadequate facilities Limited access to health care Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Twitter photo of Syrian Abdul Halim al-attar selling pens in Lebanon, The Telegraph, 3/12/15

24 Gender Considerations Sexual violence Family escorts Early marriage Syrian girls at Za atri Camp, Khali Mazraawi/AFP Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

25 Specific Needs Figures and graphics from Hidden victims of the Syrian crisis: disabled, injured and older refugees, 2014 HelpAge International and Handicap International

26 Specific Needs Figures and graphics from Hidden victims of the Syrian crisis: disabled, injured and older refugees, 2014 HelpAge International and Handicap International

27 Living Situations: Inside Syria Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Inside a home in Syria

28 Living Situations: Camps Zaatari Camp for Syrian refugees- Jordan

29 Living Situations: Informal Settlement An informal settlement in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon, UNHCR

30 Living Situations: Urban Settlement A former horse stable turned into a makeshift shelter for three Syrian refugee families in Urfa, Turkey, Muse Mohammed/IOM 2016 Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

31 IOM Pre-departure Services Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

32 Resettlement Definition Eligibility Criteria Process A Syrian woman gazes out the window at the Swiss Alps, Muse Mohammed/IOM 2015 Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

33 Refugees receive three main types of pre-departure services Health assessments Movement services, documentation, flight bookings, etc. Pre-departure (cultural) orientation A Syrian child receiving his medical Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

34 Medical Health Assessments Screening locations in the Middle East and North Africa Medical processing includes: Pre-exam Diagnostics Medical history and vital signs Physical Electronic data sharing A medical exam in Jordan Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

35 Health Protocol publications/pre-entry-health-asse ssments-guidance-for-uk-refugees

36 Movement Services Visas Travel documents IOM bags Arrange all travel-related services Escorts Handover to local authorities Syrians meet at an assembly point in Amman, Jordan to begin their journey Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

37 Cultural Orientation Building a foundation for integration Learner-centred, interactive, participatory approach 10 hours delivered once case has been approved Key priority messages Topics: UK intro, Travel, Postarrival services, Cultural Adaptation A Cultural Orientation Class Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

38 Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

39 Cultural Adjustment Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

40 What is Culture Shock? Common type of definition: A state of bewilderment and distress experienced by an individual who is suddenly exposed to a new, strange, or foreign social and cultural environment. -Dictionary.com More simply put: The stress of transition, in all areas of life Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

41 Symptoms of culture shock Anger Boredom Irritability Anxiety Intense homesickness Panic attacks Loss of motivation Loss of self-confidence Withdrawal Compulsive behaviour Excessive amounts of time spent on insular activities such as sleeping or watching TV Feelings of helplessness or hopelessness Suicidal thoughts Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM). All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.

42 The stages of cultural adjustment

43

44

45 Ager and Strang Framework for Integration (commissioned by the Home Office) Markers and Means Employment Housing Education Health Social Social Bridges Social Bonds Social Links Connection (Host Community) (Family and likegroups) (Government Services) Facilitators Language & Cultural Knowledge Safety & Stability Foundation Rights & Citizenship

46 Integration Also see: New Scots Final Report 2017 Includes links to other resources

47 Thank you! Ahmad al-rashid Meredith Radke Copyright 2018 International Organization for Migration (IOM) All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. IOM cannot be held responsible for actions carried out on the basis of the information provided in this presentation.