1-2 November Session 2: Principles and Methods of Humanitarian Action

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1 ADVANCED TRAINING PROGRAM ON HUMANITARIAN ACTION SPECIALIZED TRAINING ON INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency in cooperation with the Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University 1-2 November 2012 Session 1: Implementation of IHL - Qualification of Situations Basic rules of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. International Committee of the Red Cross, Ref. document 0365 (1988). academy.ch/rulac/pdf/icrc- Basic- Rules- in- the Geneva- Conventions- and Additional- Protocols.pdf Hauck, Pierre and Peterke, Sven. Organized crime and gang violence in national and international law. International Review of the Red Cross, 92, no. 878 (2010) hauck- peterke.pdf Holland, Elizabeth. The Qualification Framework of International Humanitarian Law: Too Rigid to Accommodate Contemporary Conflicts? Social Science Research Network (2012). International Humanitarian Law and the Challenges of Contemporary Armed Conflicts. International Review of the Red Cross 89, no. 867 (September 2007) ihl- challenges.pdf International Humanitarian Law: Treaties and Customary Law. International Committee of the Red Cross. and- law/treaties- customary- law/index.jsp Muggah, Robert. Rethinking the Intensity and Organization of Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean. World Peace Foundation: Reinventing Peace. Last modified February 16, i- rethinking- the- intensity- and- organization- of- violence- in- latin- america- and- the- caribbean/ Pfanner, Toni. Various Mechanisms and Approaches for Implementing International Humanitarian Law and Protecting and Assisting War Victims. International Review of the Red Cross 91, no. 874 (June 2009) pfanner.pdf Session 2: Principles and Methods of Humanitarian Action ATHA Humanitarian Assistance Webcast 4: NGOs Rights and Responsibilities for Humanitarian Access. Advanced Training Program on Humanitarian Action (December 2011). seminars/atha- humanitarian- assistance- webcast- 4- ngos- rights- and- responsibilities- humanitari Leader, Nicholas. The Politics of Principle: the Principles of Humanitarian Action in Practice. HPG Report 2 (March 2000). Mackintosh, Kate. The Principles of Humanitarian Action in International Humanitarian Law. Humanitarian Policy Group, Report 5 (March 2000). 1

2 Sassoli, Marco. State Responsibility For Violations of International Humanitarian Law. International Review of the Red Cross 84, no. 846 (June 2002). Stoffels, Ruth Abril. Legal Regulation of Humanitarian Assistance in Armed Conflict: Achievements and Gaps. International Review of the Red Cross 86, no. 855 (2004). Session 3: Targeting Objects: Core Principles Related to the Conduct of Hostilities Boivin, Alexandra. The Legal Regime Applicable to Targeting Military Objectives in the Context of Contemporary Warfare. University Centre for International Humanitarian Law Research Paper Series, no. 2 (2006). academy.ch/docs/publications/collection- research- projects/ctr_objectif_militaire.pdf Dill, Janina. Applying the Principle of Proportionality in Combat Operations. Policy Briefing, Oxford Institute for Ethics, Law, and Armed Conflict (December 2010). Geiss, Robin and Siegrist, Michael. Has the armed conflict in Afghanistan affected the rules on the conduct of hostilities? International Review of the Red Cross, no. 881 (March 2011) /irrc geiss- siegrist.htm Modirzadeh, Naz K. The Dark Sides of Convergence: A Pro- Civilian Critique of the Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Law in Armed Conflict. U.S. Naval War College, International Law Studies (Blue Book) Series 86 (2010). Session 4: Targeting People: Direct Participation in the Conduct of Hostilities Faite, Alexander. Involvement of private contractors in armed conflict: implications under international humanitarian law. Defence Studies 4, no. 2 (2004). article- a- faite.pdf Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities Under International Humanitarian Law. International Committee of the Red Cross (May 2009) pdf Keck, Trevor A. Not All Civilians Are Created Equal: The Principle of Distinction, The Question of Direct Participation in Hostilities and Evolving Restraint on the Use of Force in Warfare. Military Law Review 211 (2012). 30/b e9d5e85257a700042abb5/$FILE/By%20Trevor%20A.%20Keck.pdf McDonald, Avril. The Challenges to International Humanitarian Law and the Principles of Distinction and Protection From the Increased Participation of Civilians in Hostilities. Asser Institute, Center for International & European Law (April 2004). Melzer, Nils. Keeping the Balance between Military Necessity and Humanity: A Response to Four Critiques of the ICRC s Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities. New York University Journal of International Law and Policy 42 (2010). journals journal_of_international_la w_and_politics/documents/documents/ecm_pro_ pdf 2

3 Practice Relating to Rule 1. The Principle of Distinction between Civilians and Combatants. International Committee of the Red Cross, Customary International Humanitarian Law. ihl/eng/docs/v2_rul_rule1 Schmitt, Michael N. Deconstructing Direct Participation in Hostilities: The Constitutive Elements. International Law and Politics 42, no. 697 (2010). journals journal_of_international_la w_and_politics/documents/documents/ecm_pro_ pdf Session 5: Non- State Armed Groups in IHL and the Protection of Civilians in Non- International Armed Conflict Buckley, Orla Marie. Unregulated Armed Conflict: Non- State Armed Groups, International Humanitarian law, and Violence in Western Sahara. North Carolina Journal of International Law & Commercial Regulation 37 (February 2012). Gallahue, Patrick. Targeted Killing of Drug Lords: Traffickers as Members of Armed Opposition Groups and/or Direct Participants in Hostilities. International Journal on Human Rights and Drug Policy 1 (2010). content/uploads/2011/04/ijhrdp- vol GALLAHUE- targeted- killings.pdf Gaston, E.L. Mercenarism 2.0? The Rise of the Modern Private Security Industry and Its Implications for International Humanitarian Law Enforcement. Harvard International Law Journal 49, no. 1 (Winter 2008). content/uploads/2010/07/hilj_49-1_gaston.pdf Hampson, Françoise J. The relationship between international humanitarian law and human rights law from the perspective of a human rights treaty body. International Review of the Red Cross 90, no. 871 (2008): p549.htm International Humanitarian Law and the Challenges of Contemporary Armed Conflicts. International Committee of the Red Cross, Report of the 31 st International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (2011). cross- crescent- movement/31st- international- conference/31- int- conference- ihl- challenges- report en.pdf Sassòli, Marco, Taking Armed Groups Seriously: Ways to Improve their Compliance with International Humanitarian Law. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 1 (2010): hrc.uottawa.ca/uploads/takingarmedgroupsseriously.pdf Schabas, William. The Punishment of Non- State Actors in Non- International Armed Conflict. Fordham International Law Journal 26, no. 4 (2002). Session 6: Collective Security Operations Durch, William J. and Holt, Victoria et al. The Brahimi Report and the Future of UN Peace Operations. Washington, D.C.: The Henry L. Stimson Center, pdfs/br- CompleteVersion- Dec03.pdf Gray, Christine. From Unity to Polarization: International Law and the Use of Force against Iraq. European Journal of International Law 13, no. 1 (2002). 3

4 Oswald, Bruce. The Law on Military Occupation: Answering the Challenges of Detention during Contemporary Peace Operations? Melbourne Journal of International Law 8, no. 2 (2007). Protecting Civilians in the Context of UN Peacekeeping Operations: Successes, Setbacks and Remaining Challenges. Independent study jointly commissioned by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2009). ontext%20of%20un%20pko.pdf United Nations Charter: Chapter VII: Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, Acts of Aggression. United Nations Peacekeeping Operations Principles and Guidelines. United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Field Support (2008). United Nations Peacekeeping: Rule of Law. Session 7: IHL, International Criminal Law and Enforcement Cassese, Antonio. On the Current Trends towards Criminal Prosecution and Punishment of Breaches of International Humanitarian Law. European Journal of International Law 9, no. 1 (1998). Frulli, Micaela. Are Crimes Against Humanity More Serious than War Crimes? European Journal of International Law 12, no. 2 (2001). Gaeta, Paola. On What Conditions Can a State Be Held Responsible for Genocide? European Journal of International Law 8, no. 4 (2007). International Criminal Law, American Society of International Law. Mamdani, Mahmood. The Politics of Naming: Genocide, Civil War, Insurgency. London Review of Books (March 2007). mamdani/the- politics- of- naming- genocide- civil- war- insurgency Sivakumaran, Sandesh. Courts of Armed Opposition Groups Fair Trials or Summary Justice? Journal of International Criminal Justice 7, no. 3 (2009). Wald, Patricia M. Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. Washington University Global Studies Law Review 6 (2007): Additional Resources Alvarez, Jose E. Crimes of States/Crimes of Hate: Lessons from Rwanda. Yale Journal of International Law 24 (1999). essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=documentdisplay&crawlid=1&srctype=smi&srcid=3b 15&doctype=cite&docid=24+Yale+J.+Int'l+L.+365&key=6ab e4def6f403df93 Bassiouni, M. Cherif. Normative Framework of International Humanitarian Law: Overlaps, Gaps, and Ambiguities. Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems 8 (1998). 4

5 Duffy, Helen. International Humanitarian Law. In The War on Terror and the Framework of International Law. London: Cambridge University Press (2005). Murphy, Ray. United Nations Military Operations and International Humanitarian Law: What Rules Apply to Peacekeepers? Criminal Law Forum 14, no. 2 (2003). Rogers, A.P.V. The Principle of Proportionality. In The Legitimate Use of Military Force, Hampshire, UK: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., Teitel, Ruti, Chapter One. In Humanity s Law. New York: Oxford University Press, Weiss, Thomas. Principles, Politics, and Humanitarian Action. Ethics & International Affairs 3, no. 1 (1999): ustomisedmessage=&userisauthenticated=false 5

The Harmonization Project: Improving Compliance with the Law of War in Non- International Armed Conflicts

The Harmonization Project: Improving Compliance with the Law of War in Non- International Armed Conflicts BRUCE OSSIE OSWALD* The Project on Harmonizing Standards for Armed Conflict 1 explores the extent