Protection programs in complex conflicts: the case study of CISP s GBV prevention/response activities in Somalia. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
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1 Protection programs in complex conflicts: the case study of CISP s GBV prevention/response activities in Somalia Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
2 TWO SESSIONS Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
3 PART 1 THE EVOLUTION OF THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IN THE SOMALI STRUGGLE Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
4 PART 2 CISP PROGRAMS ADDRESSING GBV IN SOMALIA Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
5 PART 1-80s: opposition movements started spreading all over the country against Siad Barre, in power since : Siad Barre is withdrawn Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
6 THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOMALI STATE The different factions opposing Barre didn t manage to reach an agreement or form a coalition : the era of the warlords Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
7 THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY DURING UNSOM I, UNITAF, UNSOMII: All three of these interventions were aimed at creating a secure enough environment for humanitarian operations. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
8 THE FAILURE OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION IN SOMALIA In 1995 also UNSOM II failed, mainly due to the incapacity of the military strategy (led by USA) to deal with the urban guerilla of the warlords. Black Hawk Down by Mark Bowden Movie directed by Ridley Scot Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
9 ..BUT!!!! The international community introduced the formula of MULTILATERAL AND INTEGRATED APPROACHES TO COMPLEX CRISES, structured much better in the post 9/11 phase. Exercise 1: In pairs, can you define the concepts of MULTILATERAL AND INTEGRATED (5min)? Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
10 Multilateral refers to the joint efforts of different States to solve a conflict. The states contribute to a coordinated military body through troops and/or funds, training support, intelligence support. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
11 Integrated refers to the combination of humanitarian and political efforts guarded by the above mentioned component. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
12 THERE ARE OVERLAPS IN SOME CASES.Like military led aid interventions aiming at increasing the acceptance by local populations of military actions. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
13 THE MULTILATERAL AND INTEGRATED APPROACH IN SOMALIA (1) : factions continue fighting over the control of the territory while the international community continues to promote peace conferences. This especially in SC; Puntland and Somaliland are involved in different processes : the peace conference in Nairobi leads to the establishment of a Transitional National Government (TFG) : the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) takes over a fragmented TFG uncappable of controlling the territory. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
14 THE MULTILATERAL AND INTEGRATED APPROACH IN SOMALIA (2) : the international community promoted the withdrawal of ICU and the re-establishment of the TFG through a proxy war by supporting an Ethiopian led operation : the more radical wing of ICU re-organized its self, rebranded itself into Al-Shabaab and gained terrain in most of SC Somalia. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
15 THE MULTILATERAL AND INTEGRATED APPROACH IN SOMALIA (3) New strategies were adopted by the IC to deal with the new phase: Focusing on regional troops: the military response was mainly delegated to armies from neighboring countries: AMISOM (established on 19/01/2007), Ethiopia and Kenya (later absorbed into AMISOM). The increase of awareness on urban guerilla is among the factors that led to this decision. It could be worth it to compare Black Hawk Down With American Sniper by Clint Eastwood. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
16 THE MULTILATERAL AND INTEGRATED APPROACH IN SOMALIA (3) UNSOM to coordinate all military, political and humanitarian strategies to reach the overall goal of building a local strong state. Civilian assistance inextricably linked with political and military objectives. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
17 NEW CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE AID/DEVELOPMENT SECTOR (1) In 2011 a severe drought was declared soon after AMISOM/TFG gained control of large areas of SC Somalia, including most of the capital. VIDEO NEED TO KNOW The ghost city: Inside Mogadishu, Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
18 NEW CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE AID/DEVELOPMENT SECTOR (2) According to the critics to the declaration of famine, famine has always been there in SC Somalia and UNOCHA was declaring it at that time to favor an integration between humanitarian and military action (and consequent acceptance of the IC s military and political action). The supporters of the decision stated the famine couldn t be ignored regardless the political drivers. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
19 NEW CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE AID/DEVELOPMENT SECTOR (3) EXERCISE 2: work in groups to identify 3 main risks and 3 main opportunities in working within these complex interventions as a humanitarian/development actor (10min). Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
20 PLENARY DISCUSSION Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
21 CLOSING PART 1: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE AID/DEVELOPMENT SECTOR Summarizing: there is a deep change in military, political and civilian coordination in complex contexts. This is because the focus in complex crises has shifted from stopping socio-politic unrest to building long term stability and strong states. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
22 I.E OF NEW APPROACHES: ABSTRACT FROM CSSF DRATFR STRATEGIC PLAN 2017/2020 Overview We aim to support Somalia s transition towards a fair, inclusive and accountable democratic system ( ) Our priority areas for the period are as follows: Building an institutional and legal framework (.) Freedom of Expression and Media, Association and Assembly Women s rights, working to the Women, Peace and Security agenda including stigmatisation of survivors of sexual violence Freedom from discrimination, with a particular focus on people with disabilities Rights of the child, in particular engaging on child protection (focusing on discharged/rescued former child soldiers) Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
23 The humanitarian/development programs, being linked to the mentioned long term goal, can address areas requiring long timeframes such as changing social norms around violent behaviors leading to conflict, including gender oriented violent behaviors. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
24 INTRODUCTION TO PART 2: THE OTHER SOMALIA CNN video on lido beach. Winter School Pavia, 14 Dec
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