Rural Non-Farm Employment of the Scheduled Castes in India
|
|
- Dulcie Murphy
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences Vol. 8 Issue 3, March 218, IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 Journal Homepage: Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International erial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, U..A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U..A Rural -Farm Employment of the cheduled Castes in India Dr. atyen arkar Keywords: Rural economic activity; -farm employment; cheduled Castes People; Human capital; Abstract he study analyzes the rural non-farm employment in India and examines the participation of Cs in the rural non-farm sector, given the inadequate access of the Cs to agricultural land and capital assets. It also tries to evaluate the trends in the magnitude of rural non-farm employment from the 198s to the late 2s. he participation rates are examined on the parameters of age, economic activity, employment and unemployment rates and wages. he paper accentuates the relative situation of the Cs by undertaking a comparative analysis with the other social groups in India and in that regards encapsulates the changes. We hope that the study could help policymakers and others to formulate appropriate policies for an improvement in human capital in the Cs workers in India. he paper concludes by evaluating the implications of the results obtained from the analysis for the promotion of non-farm employment in the rural areas among the Cs. Assistant Professor in Economics, A.C.College of Commerce, D.B.C.Road, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India. 359 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
2 IN: Impact Factor: INRODUCION he Composition of the cheduled Caste Population According to the Census 211, the C population in India (excluding the population of subdivisions of enapati district of Manipur) stood at persons, which constituted 1. percent of the total population. Of the total C population in 21, 79.8 percent resided in the rural areas and conversely, the rest 2.2 percent in the urban areas. Further, the sex ratio of the Cs stood at 93 females per thousand males and slightly higher than the national average of 933. he largest proportion of the C population to the total population, in the order of ranking, was found for the states of Punjab (28.9 percent) followed by Himachal Pradesh (2.7 percent), and West Bengal (23 percent) respectively. In Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Pondicherry, the proportion of the C and the population to the total population was an exact equal of the national average of 1.2 percent. he lowest concentration of the Cs was found in the northeastern region, seemingly so due to a high concentration of the tribal population in the region. tates such as Mizoram (with negligible or 272 persons) followed by Meghalaya (.5 percent) and Arunachal Pradesh (. percent) had negligible C population. he highest percentages of C population to total population were reported for the states of Uttar Pradesh (21.1 percent) followed by West Bengal (11.1 percent), Bihar (7.8 percent), Andhra Pradesh (7. percent) and amil Nadu (7.1 percent) respectively. In fact, almost 55 percent of the total C population resides in these five states. able 1, provides the percentages of the C population in India since the 191 Census. able 1. Percentage of rends of the cheduled Caste Population Census otal Population C Population (in Percentage of the C Population to Year (in millions) millions) the otal Population * ** *** **** International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
3 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 Note: *Excludes Assam in 1981, **excludes Jammu and Kashmir in 1991, and ***excludes the Mao-Maran, Paomata, and Purul sub-divisions of enapati district in Manipur. ource: Primary Census Abstract, Office of the Registrar General, New Delhi, India, 21 & 211. he scheduled castes (Cs) constitute a little less than one fifths of the total population of India. However, about seventy percent of them reside in the rural areas. he incomes of the C workers in the rural areas are determined by the access to sources of income such as agricultural land, capital, and employment. In the late 199s, less than three-fourths of C rural households/ persons were engaged in agriculture (as self-employed cultivators and agricultural wage labourers) and about one-fourths of the rural households / persons in non farm activities in the form of self-employment or wage employment. Although, the alleviation in the economic condition of the Cs is critically incumbent upon their diversification into the rural non-farm sector, their participation in the rural non-farm sector has been marginal in comparison to the other social groups in the rural society. Given the inadequate access of the Cs to agricultural land and capital in the rural areas, the improvements in their employment levels are closely dependent on their access to rural non-farm employment. his paper highlights the patterns of rural non-farm employment and its policy implications and also examines the trends in the magnitude of non-farm employment among the Cs in the rural areas from the early 198s to the late 199s. It also examines their participation in non-farm employment on the following parameters age, economic activity, employment / unemployment rate and wage. he main focus of this paper is to analyze the situation of the Cs with respect to non-farm employment and also to capture the relative changes. he analysis is based on the National ample urvey Organization (NO) data the Employment and Unemployment urvey the Consumption Expenditure urvey and the Rural Labour Enquiry Reports of the years , , , and 2. he discussion is initiated at the level of non-farm employment (total, by age groups, and economic activities) of the Cs and the C/s. hus, the patterns with respect to employment and wage rates of the C workers engaged in the rural non-farm sector are 31 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
4 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 examined. he paper concludes by evaluating the implications of the results obtained from the analysis for the promotion of non-farm employment in the rural areas among the Cs. Magnitude of Rural -farm Employment- otal and by Age Groups his paper at the outset analysis the differences in the levels of non-farm employment among the Cs and C/s. able 2, gives the percentages of workers in non-farm employment vis-à-vis the total rural employment for the years 1983, 1987, , and 2 based on the Usual Principal tatures (UP), the Usual Principal and ubsidiary taturs (UP), the Currently Weekly tatus (CW), and the Current Daily taturs (CD) for the Cs and the C/s. In 2, based on the UP, about 2.3 percent of the workers among the Cs were engaged in the rural non-farm sector. he ratio was slightly higher under the CD (2.18 percent), followed by the CW (2. percent), and the UP (22.7 percent). his clearly elucidates that the participation of the Cs, as well as, the C/ (28.8 percent) under the CD was somewhat higher in comparison to the UP, the UP and the CW. he employment pattern in the non-farm sector seems to help in educing the underemployment of the usually occupied workers. However, as compared to the C/s, the participation of the C workers in non-farm employment was lower under all the statuses in 2. he gaps among the Cs and the C/s, however, were not particularly large in 2, as well as, during other years (the differences being in the range of two to three percentage points only). here were no significant differences among the Cs and the C/s in the non-farm employment across the three statuses in 2, as well as, in the other years. able 3, presents the percentage of the non-farm workers by age groups and highlights the participation labels in the non-farm employment for various age groups, including, child labour in the age groups of 5-9 and 1-1, both for the Cs and the C/s. 32 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
5 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 able 2. Percentage of Workers in -farm Employment to otal Employment in the Rural Areas tatus C DI C DI C DI C C/ C/ C/ C/ DI UP UP CW NA NA NA CD NA NA NA Note: UP: usual principal status, UP: usual principal and subsidiary status, CW: current weekly status, CD: current daily status ource: pecial Report on Employment, Unemployment for the ocial Groups, National ample urvey, 1983,, , and 2 able 3. Percentage of Workers in non-farm Employment to otal Employment in the Rural Areas by Age Groups A U U P > Y E A C C C C C/ C/ C/ R C C C/ C/ C/ U P International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
6 IN: Impact Factor: C W NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA D Note: UP: usual principal status, UP: usual principal and subsidiary status, CW: current weekly status, CD: current daily status ource: pecial Report on Employment, Unemployment for the ocial Groups, National ample urvey, Various Years. In 2, based on the UP, the participation of the C workers in non-farm activities was almost negligible for children in the age groups of 5-9. he participation, however, increased to about 25 percent for the workers in the three age groups, namely, 15-29, 3-, and Interestingly, this ratio was higher in comparison to the workers in age groups of 1-1 and and above (about 17 to 18 percent). hus, the participation of the Cs workers in the nonfarm activities was relatively higher in the age groups between 15-29to 5-59 in comparison to 3 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
7 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 those in the age groups of 1-1 and and above. Again, among these three productive age groups, the percentage was the highest for those in the age groups of and 3-. he pattern of non-farm employment based on the UP, the CW, and the CD was not significantly different from the one based on the UP. his paper will investigate into the comparison of the Cs and the C/s by age groups. he UP based participation rate of the C/s was generally higher in comparison to the Cs for all the age groups (th only exception was the age group of and above, wherein, the participation rate of the C workers in the non-farm sector was higher). Among these four age groups (that is, 1-1, 15-29, 3- and -59), the disparity levels for the workers in the age groups of 1-1 and 3- under the UP, 1-1, 3- and 5-59 under the UP, 1-1 for the CW and 1-1 and 5-59 under the CD was relatively high. It may be mentioned that the disparity between the Cs and the C/s in their participation in the rural non-farm sector was generally low for the age group under all statuses under consideration (ee able ). able. Disparity Index - Percentage of Workers in -farm Employment to otal Employment in the Rural Areas by Age Groups > UP UP CW International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
8 IN: Impact Factor: CD Note: UP: usual principal status, UP: usual principal and subsidiary status, CW: current weekly status, CD: current daily status ource: pecial Report on Employment, Unemployment for the ocial Groups, National ample urvey, Various Years. After having assessed the level of non-farm employment at an aggregate lavel and by age groups for the Cs and the C/s, this paper will now ascertain the share of each age group in the total non-farm employment in the country. In 2, under the UP, the maximum concentration of the C non-farm workers was in the age group of and 3- (ee able 5). ogether, these two age groups accounted for about 77 percent of the total C non- farm workers in the country. In the case of the C/s, too, these two groups accounted about 77 percent of the total non-farm workers. he situation was similar in the case of the CW and the CD for the age groups of and 3-. the percentage share, however, differed among the Cs and the C/s, and in that regards, the ration were generally higher for the Cs. he children in age group of 1-1 accounted for about 2 percent of the total C non-farm workers in 2 for all age groups respectively. 3 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
9 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 able 5. he hare of the -farm Workers in to the otal Rural -farm Employment by Age Groups (in percentage points) A U UP UP > Y E A C C/ C C/ C R otal otal ( C/ C C/ C C/ C C/ C C/. ) C W N N NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA A A International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
10 IN: Impact Factor: C D NA NA NA NA N A NA NA NA N A 9 NA NA NA Note: UP: usual principal status, UP: usual principal and subsidiary status, CW: current weekly status, CD: current daily status ource: pecial Report on Employment, Unemployment for the ocial Groups, National ample urvey, Various Years. Pattern of Economic Activity otal and by Age Groups. After having examined the differences in the participation rates, in the non-farm employment (total and by age Groups) among the Cs and the C/, this paper will now take a look at the type of the economic activities in which the two social groups participate. able, indicates the percentage shares of the rural non-farm workers engaged in self employment, regular/ salaried, and casual wage labour in the total rural non-farm employment for the Cs and the C/s. According to the UP, in 2 of the total C rural non-farm workers about 2.11 percent were engaged in self employment, percent in regular salaried, and percent in casual labour. More or less. imilar patterns were observed on the basis of the UP, the CW, and the CD. Herein, some important differences among the Cs and C/s could be observed. As compared to the Cs, among the C/s, the percentage of those engaged in self employment and in regular salaried jobs was higher by a fair margin. But in the case of wage labourers, the opposite was true, the percentage share of casual labourers for the C/ was lower by a substantial margin. For instance, based on the UP the percentage share of the C/ workers engaged in the self- employed activities, regular salaried and casual 38 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
11 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 labour were 5.98, and 21.8 percentage points respectively. he ratio of the Cs to the C/s was less than one that is.83 for the self employed and.81 for the regular/salaried, but was more than one, that is, 1. in the case of the casual labourers. A lower share of the C workers in self- employment activities in the rural non-farm sector indicates their poor access to capital, an essential component in initiating business. On the other hand, a higher share in the regular salaried job was also an indication of the better human capabilities and capacities among the C/s. Conversely, the higher dependence of the Cs on the casual labour was a reflection of the low quality of their human capabilities and capacities. able. Rural -farm Employment by Economic Categories (in percentage point) tatu s Year elf employed in agriculture Regular alaried C C/ C C/ Casual Laborers C C/ otal C otal ( C/) UP UP CW NA NA NA NA NA NA 39 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
12 IN: Impact Factor: CD NA NA NA NA NA NA Note: UP: usual principal status, UP: usual principal and subsidiary status, CW: current weekly status, CD: current daily status ource: pecial Report on Employment, Unemployment for the ocial Groups, National ample urvey, Various Years. rends in Rural -farm Employment otal and by Economic Activities: able presents the changes in the absolute numbers of the non farm workers. he percentage changes (in terms of annual compound growth rates) have been worked out for the periods, namely, 1983 to, to and to 2 respectively. aking the overall period it was observed that the numbers of the rural non-farm workers (based on the UP) had increased both for the Cs and the C/s. he rate of increase was however higher for the Cs (.2 percent) as compared to the C/s (.57 percent). It may be mentioned that the rate of increase in the numbers of rural non-farm workers was higher as compared to the total rural employment as well as agricultural employment both for the Cs and the C/s. During the period, 1983 to the growth in the numbers of the rural non-farm workers was higher than the growth in total rural employment as well as agricultural 37 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
13 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 employment both for the Cs and the C/s. For instance the rural non-farm employment for the Cs and the c/s under the UP grow at a rate of.8 and 3.9 percentage points per annum respectively (ee able 7). A similar trend was discernible in the growth rate of the rural non-farm employment according to the UP as well. able 7. Change in Numbers of -farm Workers (Annual Compound Growth Rate) 1983 to to to 1983 to to tat C C C C C us C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ otal Rural Employment UP UP CW CD Agricultural Employment UP UP CW CD Agricultural Employment UP UP CW International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
14 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 CD Note: UP: usual principal status, UP: usual principal and subsidiary status, CW: current weekly status, CD: current daily status ource: pecial Report on Employment, Unemployment for the ocial Groups, National ample urvey, Various Years. During the second period, i.e., to , the trend in the growth of the numbers of the rural non-farm workers, differed in some respects from the earlier period, especially, for the C rural workers. Firstly, the annual rate of increase in the numbers of the rural non-farm workers was much lower, both for the Cs and the C/s. In the case of the Cs, there was an increase in the non-farm workers by a per annum rate of 1.2 percent for the non-farm workers and 1.87 percent for the farm workers. However, in the case of the C/s the rate of increase for the non-farm worker (1.72 percent) was much higher as compared to the farm workers (.8 percent). his means that there was a substantial movement of workers from the farm to the non-farm categories in the case of C/s. However, in the case for the Cs workers, the numbers in both, the farm and the non-farm categories increased. In fact the rate of increase for the Cs in the case of the farm workers was slightly higher (1.87 percent) as compared to the non-farm workers (1.2 percent). his means that although, there was an increase in the absolute numbers of the Cs workers in the rural non-farm sector, it was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in their absolute numbers in the farm sector. herefore, there is sufficient reason to believe that during the aforesaid period, there may have been some reverse shifting of the C workers from the non-farm to the farm sector primarily d to the movement of the C workers from the non-farm to the farm sectors. his is corroborated by the negligible per annum increase (.8 percent in the case of the UP) in the numbers of agricultural workers for the C/s. he reverse shift towards agricultural employment in the case of Cs was also accentuated in the case of employment figures based on the UP. During the last sub-period, i.e., to 2 there was a substantial acceleration in the growth rates in the non-farm employment, both for the Cs and the C/s. Among them the growth in the numbers of the rural non-farm workers (5.92 percent) as compared to the 372 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
15 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 C/ (3.25 percent). It may be mentioned that there was also a significant growth in the numbers of workers based on the CW and the CD for the Cs, which was comparatively higher than the non C/s. his inference holds true to establish that there was some improvement in the under employment situation of both the groups, but more so, in the case of the Cs. Unemployment and Wage Rates of the -farm Workers: ince more than percent of the C workers in the rural areas and more than 3 percent in the urban areas depend mainly on wage employment their earnings are obviously determined by the levels of employment and wage rates. he C workers therefore seem to suffer from possible discrimination in the employment market and in receiving wages. Unemployment Rate. : able 8, shows the unemployment rates of the C vis-à-vis the C/ workers for the time periods , 1983,, , and 2. some important features regarding the unemployment situation of the Cs and the C/s are clearly accentuated from the data. In the case of the UP there were no significant differences in the unemployment rates of the Cs and the C/s either in the rural or the urban areas. his was not surprising considering a person is supposed to be usually employed if she/h works for more than 18 days in a year. ince the C workers have limited alternative sources of income other than wage employment their employment days in an annual year are likely to be higher than their C/s counterparts. However considering the unemployment rate based on the CW and the CD the picture changes dramatically. able 8. Unemployment Rate in the Rural Areas All India (5 year and above) Literate Literate Literate Upto Literate Upto Illiterate Upto Upto econdary & High Graduate & otal Primary Middle econdary Above tatus C/ C C/ C C/ C C C/ C C/ C/ C UP Percentage of International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
16 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 ENA in RNFE Percentage of R in RNFE Percentage of CL in RNFE UP Percentage of ENA in RNFE Percentage of R in RNFE Percentage of CL in RNFE Note: ENA: elf-employed in -agriculture, R: Regular alaried, CL: Casual Labour, RNFE: Rural -Farm Employment, UP: Usual Principal tatus, UP: Principal and ubsidiary tatus. ource: he unemployment rates for the Cs were found to be higher than that of the C/s. In , the unemployment rated based on the CD among the C males (.3 percent) were found to be higher than the C/s (2.7 percent). imilarly in and 1983 the unemployment rates based on the CD for the C male workers were.73 and 7.1 percentage points respectively. Conversely these rates were significantly higher than the ones posited for the C/s (3.9 and.3 percentage points respectively). A similar gap was found to exist for the female labourers as well. he unemployment rates based on the CD for C females were 2 percent in , percent in , and 2.23 percent in 1983 which were again higher than 1.11 percent.97 percent and 1.72 percent respectively for the C/ females. he higher unemployment rates based on the CW and 37 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
17 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 the CD clearly elucidate that under employment among the C worker was much higher as compared to the C/s workers. he disparities in the unemployment rates based on the CD and the CW observed at India levels emerged quite clearly in a majority of the states. In in all the seventeen states the unemployment rates based on the CD were higher among the Cs households. imilarly in and 1983, in fourteen out of the seventeen mojor states, the unemployment rates for the C male workers were higher as compared to the C/s. he unemployment rates were also found to be higher for the females in fourteen to fifteen states in Further some disparities were also observed with regards to the wage earnings by the Cs and the C/ labourers in the rural areas. he wage rates received by the C and the C/ workers are delineated in able 9. able 9. Rural Employment Rate - All India (Percentage of employed to the total population) tat C C C C us C/ C/ C/ C/ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F UP UP NA NA NA NA CW CD Note: M: Male, F: Female, UP: usual principal status, UP: usual principal and subsidiary status, CW: current weekly status, CD: current daily status. ource: National ample urvey on Employment and Unemployment, , 1983, and 2. In the case of the wage rates for the rural labour in the non-agricultural sector, in the wages received by the C male labourers were however lower than the average wages received by all. As against the national average of India Rupees 32.8 the daily wages received by the C 375 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
18 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 labourers were India Rupees 3.2 imilarly, in the wages received by the Cs were Indian Rupees as against 1.21 for all non-agricultural labourers. It is pertinent to mention here that the gaps in the wages received by the C wage labourers and the national average were less because the latter category was inclusive of the Cs and the s. Indeed, if the wages received by the C/s are to be compared to the C wage labourers, the gap may be than be considerable. Findings A comparative analysis based on the NO data from through 2 regarding the magnitude of the rural non-farm employment (total by age groups economic activities and by educational backgrounds) and changes therein for the Cs and the C/s bring to the fore some interesting results which highlight the nature of diversification in favour of the rural nonfarm sector. a) he analysis findings that in 2 about one- fourths of the C workers in the rural areas were engaged in the rural non-farm sector and that this ration was lower when posited against the one for the non C/s although the differences were marginal. b) he participation of the C non-farm workers was relatively high in the age groups of 15-29, 3- and 5-59 respectively as compared to the age groups 1-1 and and above. he analysis also highlighted that the participation under all age groups for the Cs was lower as compared to the participation under all age groups for the Cs was lower as compared to the C/s but in the case of the age group and above the ratio was higher among the Cs. Further for all age groups the share of the self employed among the c workers was higher than regular salaried and casual labourers, the only exception being the age group his meant that the most productive age group of the Cs workers was employed as casual labourers. his is no so in the case of the c/s workers, a majority of whom were self employed. Also the low percentage of the C workers employed as casual labourers according to the CD indicated that the C workers in the age group were marginalized as well as under employed a dismal situation indeed. c) he participation rate of the C non-farm worker was highest in the economic categories of self employment and casual labour and conversely the lowest in the case of regular salaried workers. 37 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
19 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 d) As compared to the Cs the percentage share of the regular salaried and self-employed workers was high among the C/s. But their share was lower in the case of casual labors. In other works the C/ workers participated in better quality non-farm activities. e) he analysis further established that during the overall period i.e there was an increase in the percentage share of the rural non-farm workers both for the Cs and the non C/s primarily due to an increase in the proportion of casual labourers as against a decline in the numbers of the self employed regular salaried workers. imilarly it was found that the numbers of the non-farm workers had also increased both for the Cs and the C/s but the rate of increase was higher for the Cs. f) he data further substantiated that the participation rates of the Cs with secondary and higher secondary education were higher in the economic category of casual labour. For instance in 2 about 8 percent of the C workers who were graduates and above were engaged as casual labourers as against only 1.58 percent for the C/s. Clearly the C skilled graduates face some form of discrimination in the regular employment due to which they are left with non option but to work for daily wages in unskilled jobs. his also indicates the importance of some form of affirmative action for the Cs in the regular employment of the rural non-farm sector as 8 percent of the graduates were not employed to their potential. Conclusion In conclusion, lake of human resource development in terms of education and skill as also lack of access to financial capital induces the C workers towards casual unskilled jobs and lowincome self employment business. Moreover it is revealed that the Government policy of promoting self employment through providing cheap credit has achieved limited success as not only is the percentage of self-employed C workers lower than that of the C/ workers, but it also has declined since the early 198 s. Along with easy access to financial capital an improvement in human capital, an equally necessary in order to enable the C workers to take up better quality of self- employed activities/businesses. It is imperative to implement a policy of enhancing education through skill and training, which will enable the C workers to participate in better quality of employment both in the form of self-employment activities as well as in regular salaried jobs. 377 International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
20 IN: Impact Factor: 7.81 References [1] horat,.k,. Land Ownership tructure and -Farm Employment of Rural Households in India, he Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Vol.3, No.3, [2] horat,.k. and abharwal, N.., Rural -Farm Employment of the cheduled Castes-A Comparative tudy, Indian Institute of Dalit tudies, Working Paper eries, Vol.1, No.5, 2. [3] horat,.k. and Deshpande, R.., Caste and Labour Market Discrimination,Vol. 2, No., pp.81-85, [] Chadha, G.K., -Farm Employment for Rural Households in India-Evidence and Prognosis, he Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Vol.3, No.3, International Journal of Research in ocial ciences
The Poor in the Indian Labour Force in the 1990s. Working Paper No. 128
CDE September, 2004 The Poor in the Indian Labour Force in the 1990s K. SUNDARAM Email: sundaram@econdse.org SURESH D. TENDULKAR Email: suresh@econdse.org Delhi School of Economics Working Paper No. 128
More informationPerspective on Forced Migration in India: An Insight into Classed Vulnerability
Perspective on in India: An Insight into Classed Vulnerability By Protap Mukherjee* and Lopamudra Ray Saraswati* *Ph.D. Scholars Population Studies Division Centre for the Study of Regional Development
More informationEstimates of Workers Commuting from Rural to Urban and Urban to Rural India: A Note
WP-2011-019 Estimates of Workers Commuting from Rural to Urban and Urban to Rural India: A Note S Chandrasekhar Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai September 2011 http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/wp-2011-019.pdf
More informationPOLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN STATE ASSEMBLIES
POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN STATE ASSEMBLIES Manpreet Kaur Brar Research Scholar, Dept. of Political Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, India ABSTRACT Throughout the world,
More informationDimensions of rural urban migration
CHAPTER-6 Dimensions of rural urban migration In the preceding chapter, trends in various streams of migration have been discussed. This chapter examines the various socio-economic and demographic aspects
More informationUrban Women Workers. A Preliminary Study. Kamla Nath
Urban Women Workers A Preliminary Study Kamla Nath Women constitute nearly a third of the working force in India. In 1961, out of a total working force of 188.4 million, 59.4 million or 31 per cent were
More informationWomen and Wage Discrimination in India: A Critical Analysis March
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 Volume 2 Issue 4 ǁ April. 2013ǁ PP.06-12 Women and Wage Discrimination in India: A Critical
More informationRECENT CHANGING PATTERNS OF MIGRATION AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF URBANIZATION IN WEST BENGAL: A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
46 RECENT CHANGING PATTERNS OF MIGRATION AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF URBANIZATION IN WEST BENGAL: A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS Raju Sarkar, Research Scholar Population Research Centre, Institute for Social and Economic
More information(943). Chandel District shows fall in the sex ratio by 51 points in rural and 21 points in urban.
Executive Summary 1. Administrative Units: In Manipur, Census 2011 covered 9 districts, 38 Subdistricts, 51 towns (Statutory towns 28, Census town 23) and 2582 villages. In Census 2001, the corresponding
More informationData base on child labour in India: an assessment with respect to nature of data, period and uses
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Understanding Children s Work Project Working Paper Series, June 2001 1. 43860 Data base
More informationChapter 6. A Note on Migrant Workers in Punjab
Chapter 6 A Note on Migrant Workers in Punjab Yoshifumi Usami Introduction An important aspect of Industry-Agriculture, or Urban-Rural Linkage, is that of through labor market. Unlike the backward and
More informationWomen in National Parliaments: An Overview
Journal of Politics & Governance, Vol. 6 No. 1, March 2017, Pp. 5-11 ISSN: 2278473X Women in National Parliaments: An Overview Sourabh Ghosh * Abstract Post the ratification of the Beijing Platform for
More informationAMERICAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION
AMERICAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (1994- ) 1 March 2007 Volume XLV No. 1 (Also includes December 1994 through December 2006) Articles, Book Reviews, New Books, & Dissertations
More informationOn Adverse Sex Ratios in Some Indian States: A Note
CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC REFORM AND TRANSFORMATION School of Management and Languages, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Tel: 0131 451 4207 Fax: 0131 451 3498 email: ecocert@hw.ac.uk World-Wide Web:
More informationFemale Migration for Non-Marital Purposes: Understanding Social and Demographic Correlates of Barriers
Female Migration for Non-Marital Purposes: Understanding Social and Demographic Correlates of Barriers Dr. Mala Mukherjee Assistant Professor Indian Institute of Dalit Studies New Delhi India Introduction
More informationWomen Work Participation Scenario in North 24-Parganas District, W.B. Ruchira Gupta Abstract Key Words:
International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies (IJHSSS) A Peer-Reviewed Bi-monthly Bi-lingual Research Journal ISSN: 2349-6959 (Online), ISSN: 2349-6711 (Print) Volume-III, Issue-II, September
More informationSocial Science Class 9 th
Social Science Class 9 th Poverty as a Challenge Social exclusion Vulnerability Poverty Line Poverty Estimates Vulnerable Groups Inter-State Disparities Global Poverty Scenario Causes of Poverty Anti-Poverty
More informationInternational Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (INDIA)
Kunal Keshri (kunalkeshri.lrd@gmail.com) (Senior Research Fellow, e-mail:) Dr. R. B. Bhagat (Professor & Head, Dept. of Migration and Urban Studies) International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai
More informationThe Socio-economic Status of Migrant Workers in Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala, India. By Dilip SAIKIA a
Journal of Economic and Social Thought www.kspjournals.org Volume 3 March 2016 Issue 1 The Socio-economic Status of Migrant Workers in Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala, India By Dilip SAIKIA a Abstract.
More informationLand Conflicts in India
Land Conflicts in India AN INTERIM ANALYSIS November 2016 Background Land and resource conflicts in India have deep implications for the wellbeing of the country s people, institutions, investments, and
More informationII. MPI in India: A Case Study
https://ophi.org.uk/multidimensional-poverty-index/ II. in India: A Case Study 271 MILLION FEWER POOR PEOPLE IN INDIA The scale of multidimensional poverty in India deserves a chapter on its own. India
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS, MANAGEMENT AND ALLIED SCIENCES (IJBMAS) A Peer Reviewed International Research Journal
RESEARCH ARTICLE Vol.4.Issue.4.2017 Oct-Dec INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS, MANAGEMENT AND ALLIED SCIENCES (IJBMAS) A Peer Reviewed International Research Journal THREE TIER MECHANISM OF CONSUMER DISPUTES
More informationRural Labour Migration in India: Magnitude and Characteristics
I nte rnational J ournal of Applie d Rese arc h 2015; 1(2): 114-118 ISSN Print: 2394-7500 ISSN Online: 2394-5869 Impact Factor: 3.4 IJAR 2015; 1(2): 114-118 www.allresearchjournal.com Received: 15-12-2014
More informationPoverty alleviation programme in Maharashtra
Poverty alleviation programme in Maharashtra 1. Mr. Dhiraj. R. Ovhal Asst. Prof. NSS College of Commerce & Eco. Tardeo. Mumbai 400034 2. Dr. Deepak. M. Salve The Bharat Education Society s Sant Gadge Maharaj
More informationOnline Appendix: Conceptualization and Measurement of Party System Nationalization in Multilevel Electoral Systems
Online Appendix: Conceptualization and Measurement of Party System Nationalization in Multilevel Electoral Systems Schakel, Arjan H. and Swenden, Wilfried (2016) Rethinking Party System Nationalization
More informationGrowth and Structure of Workforce in India: An Analysis of Census Data
Article Growth and Structure of Workforce in India: An Analysis of Census Data Venkatanarayana Motkuri 1 Suresh V. Naik 2 The Indian Economic Journal 64(1 4) 57 74 2018 Indian Economic Association SAGE
More informationFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN POST REFORM INDIA
Man In India, 96 (4) : 1075-1082 Serials Publications FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN POST REFORM INDIA Ripudaman Singh The largest democracy, second largest population and third
More informationNCERT Class 9th Social Science Economics Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge
NCERT Class 9th Social Science Economics Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge Question 1. Describe how poverty line is estimated in India. A common method used to measure poverty is based on income or consumption
More informationPublic Affairs Index (PAI)
Public Affairs Index (PAI) A Closer look at Andhra Pradesh NOTE: All the data and rankings presented in PAI represent the united Andhra Pradesh (before the bifurcation) Contents of the Presentation About
More informationKERALA: A UNIQUE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT MODEL IN INDIA?
Chapter 3 KERALA: A UNIQUE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT MODEL IN INDIA? 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 The Demographic Dimension 59 3.3 The Health Dimension 65 3.4 The Knowledge Dimension 70 3.5 The Standard of Living Dimension
More informationInequality in Housing and Basic Amenities in India
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Inequality in Housing and Basic Amenities in India Rama Pal and Neil Aneja and Dhruv Nagpal Indian Institute of Technology Bobmay, Indian Institute of Technology Bobmay,
More informationDISPARITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION: THE CONTEXT OF SCHEDULED CASTES IN INDIAN SOCIETY
IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature (IMPACT: IJRHAL) ISSN(E): 2321-8878; ISSN(P): 2347-4564 Vol. 2, Issue 4, Apr 2014, 35-42 Impact Journals DISPARITY IN HIGHER
More informationGROWTH AND INEQUALITY OF WAGES IN INDIA: RECENT TRENDS AND PATTERNS
The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Vol. 50, No. 4, 2007 GROWTH AND INEQUALITY OF WAGES IN INDIA: RECENT TRENDS AND PATTERNS Vinoj Abraham * The analysis of National Sample Survey (NSS) unit level
More informationABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN COMMERCE & MANAGEMENT MGNREGA AND RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION IN INDIA
MGNREGA AND RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION IN INDIA Pallav Das Lecturer in Economics, Patuck-Gala College of Commerce and Management, Mumbai, India Email: Pallav_das@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The MGNREGA is the flagship
More informationWomen Workers in Informal Sector in India
77 Women Workers in Informal Sector in India Gurmeet Kaur, Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Punjabi University Dr. Harvinder Kaur, Professor of Economics, Punjabi University, Patiala ABSTRACT
More informationIlliteracy Flagging India
Learning Community: 7(3): 287-295, December, 2016 2016 New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved DOI: 10.5958/2231-458X.2016.00031.2 Illiteracy Flagging India Shiv Prakash Katiyar Independent Researcher,
More informationNational Consumer Helpline
National Consumer Helpline Centre for Consumer Studies, Indian Institute of Public Administration, Indraprastha Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-110002 Summary Report December 2016 Project of Union Ministry
More informationChanging Character of Rural Economy and Migrant Labour in Punjab
57 Lakhwinder Singh et al: Migrant Labour Changing Character of Rural Economy and Migrant Labour in Punjab Lakhwinder Singh, Inderjeet Singh and Ranjit Singh Ghuman Punjabi University, Patiala Rural economy
More informationPro-Poor Growth in India: What do we know about the Employment Effects of Growth ?
Overseas Development Institute LIVELIHOOD OPTIONS Pro-Poor Growth in India: What do we know about the Employment Effects of Growth 1980 2000? S. Mahendra Dev Centre for Economic and Social Studies Hyderabad
More informationCHAPTER 3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF MINORITIES OF INDIA
CHAPTER 3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF MINORITIES OF INDIA 73 List of Contents S.No. Chapter-3 Socio economic condition of Minorities of India on the Page number basis HDI indicators 3.1 Defination of
More informationINDIA JHPIEGO, INDIA PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL, INDIA POPULATION FOUNDATION OF INDIA
INDIA JHPIEGO, INDIA PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL, INDIA POPULATION FOUNDATION OF INDIA Expanding Advocacy Efforts Geographical expansion Partnership expansion Expanded to two states: Assam and Maharashtra
More informationLunawat & Co. Chartered Accountants Website:
MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE CENTRAL BOARD OF EXCISE AND CUSTOMS NOTIFICATION NO. 04/2016-SERVICE TAX New Delhi, the 15 th February 2016 26 Magha, 1937 Saka G.S.R (E).- In exercise the powers
More informationDEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF TOURIST HOUSEHOLDS
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF TOURIST HOUSEHOLDS It has been estimated that there were about 196 million households in India in the year 2002: 141 million (72 per cent) in rural and 55 million (28 per cent) in
More informationChallenges Of Implementation Of Right To Education (RTE) Act 2009 For Children In The Age Group In West Bengal
Challenges Of Implementation Of Right To Education (RTE) Act 2009 For Children In The 10-14 Age Group In West Bengal Ankita Dey Assistant Professor and Statistician, KPC Medical College & Hospital, Jadavpur,
More informationTHE PREVENTION OF ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT, 1988 ACT NO. 46 OF 1988
THE PREVENTION OF ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT, 1988 ACT NO. 46 OF 1988 [6th September, 1988.] An Act to provide for detention in certain cases for the purpose of preventing
More informationTable 1: Financial statement of MGNREG scheme
MGNREGA AND MINIMUM WAGE DEBATE - A fight for the right to get minimum wage The Government of India has introduced several social security schemes, but the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
More informationNarrative I Attitudes towards Community and Perceived Sense of Fraternity
1 Narrative I Attitudes towards Community and Perceived Sense of Fraternity One of three themes covered by the Lok Survey Project is attitude towards community, fraternity and the nature of solidarity
More informationFemale Migration to Mega Cities of India
Female Migration to Mega Cities of India ABSTRACT K. C. Das and Arunananda Murmu The present paper tries to understand the pattern and trend of female migration to six mega cities of India namely Mumbai,
More informationTemplate Concept Note for Knowledge Products
Template Concept Note for Knowledge Products Project Number: 46465 Regional Capacity Development Technical Assistance (R-CDTA) Date of Submission: 15th Jan 2015 South Asia Urban Knowledge Hub (Cofinanced
More informationAn analysis into variation in houseless population among rural and urban, among SC,ST and non SC/ST in India.
An analysis into variation in houseless population among rural and urban, among SC,ST and non SC/ST in India. Abstract: Subash Kumar Research scholar, department of economics Jammu University The census
More informationAN ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF SCHEDULED CASTES: A STUDY OF BORDER AREAS OF JAMMU DISTRICT
Indian Streams Research Journal ISSN:-2230-7850 AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF SCHEDULED CASTES: A STUDY OF BORDER AREAS OF JAMMU DISTRICT ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pradeep Arora and Virendar Koundal Research
More informationECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE MIGRANT WORKERS IN KERALA: A STUDY IN THE TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT
(ISSN: 2321-4155), 33-46 Economics ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE MIGRANT WORKERS IN KERALA: A STUDY IN THE TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT Dilip Saikia* ABSTRACT In recent years, Kerala has been experiencing a large
More informationSpecial Provisions of the CONSTITUTION OF INDIA for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes
Special Provisions of the CONSTITUTION OF INDIA for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes ARTICLE 15 : Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or
More informationRural and Urban Migrants in India:
Rural and Urban Migrants in India: 1983-2008 Viktoria Hnatkovska and Amartya Lahiri July 2014 Abstract This paper characterizes the gross and net migration flows between rural and urban areas in India
More informationA case study of women participation in Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNERGA) in Kashmir
International Journal of Allied Practice, Research and Review Website: www.ijaprr.com (ISSN 23-1294) A case study of women participation in Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNERGA)
More informationPRESS RELEASE. NCAER releases its N-SIPI 2018, the NCAER-STATE INVESTMENT POTENTIAL INDEX
For more information, please contact: Shilpi Tripathi at +91-11-23452605, stripathi@ncaer.org Sudesh Bala at +91-11-2345-2722, sbala@ncaer.org PRESS RELEASE NCAER releases its N-SIPI 2018, the NCAER-STATE
More informationFACTORS INFLUENCING POVERTY AND THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC REFORMS IN POVERTY REDUCTION
Journal of Social and Economic Policy, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2014, pp. 83-91 FACTORS INFLUENCING POVERTY AND THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC REFORMS IN POVERTY REDUCTION N. NARAYANA * Poverty is a situation of helplessness
More informationINDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT SENIOR SECTION DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS: IX TOPIC/CHAPTER: 03-Poverty As A Challenge WORKSHEET No.
INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT SENIOR SECTION DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS: IX TOPIC/CHAPTER: 0-Poverty As A Challenge WORKSHEET No. : 4 (206-7) SUMMARY WRITE THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR CLASS WORK NOTE BOOK 5,
More informationINTRODUCTION I. BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION I. BACKGROUND Bihar is the second most populous State of India, comprising a little more than 10 per cent of the country s population. Situated in the eastern part of the country, the state
More informationFEMALE MIGRATION TO MEGA CITIES AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA Kailash C. Das and Arunananda Murmu
FEMALE MIGRATION TO MEGA CITIES AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA Kailash C. Das and Arunananda Murmu Abstract Pattern and causes of female migration are changing in India. An increasing proportion of women are
More informationA Study on the Socio-Economic Condition of Women Domestic Workers in Tiruchirappalli City
Volume 02 - Issue 12 December 2017 PP. 20-24 A Study on the Socio-Economic Condition of Women Domestic Workers in Tiruchirappalli City *Dr Arul R *Assistant Professor, Pg Department Of Commerce Computer
More informationWorkforce Participation in Tribal Districts of Gujarat: Comparative Study of ST and Non ST
Continuous issue-22 June July 2016 Workforce Participation in Tribal Districts of Gujarat: Comparative Study of ST and Non ST The constitution of India ensures that all citizens enjoy equal rights and
More informationRural and Urban Migrants in India:
Rural and Urban Migrants in India: 1983 2008 Viktoria Hnatkovska and Amartya Lahiri This paper characterizes the gross and net migration flows between rural and urban areas in India during the period 1983
More informationMINIMUM WAGES ACT, 1948
MINIMUM WAGES ACT, 1948 Background A tripartite Committee Viz., "The Committee on Fair Wage" was set up in 1948 to provide guidelines for wage structures in the country. The report of this Committee was
More informationPolitical participation and Women Empowerment in India
Political participation and Women Empowerment in India Dr Satyavrat Singh Rawat Associate Professor, Department of Economics NREC College Khurja Abstract Political participation is a mechanism which enables
More informationEXTRACT THE STATES REORGANISATION ACT, 1956 (ACT NO.37 OF 1956) PART III ZONES AND ZONAL COUNCILS
EXTRACT THE STATES REORGANISATION ACT, 1956 (ACT NO.37 OF 1956) PART III ZONES AND ZONAL COUNCILS Establishment of Zonal Councils. 15. As from the appointed day, there shall be a Zonal Council for each
More informationTHE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY PART-1 SECTION 1 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER. RESOLUTION Dated 29 th November, 2005
THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY PART-1 SECTION 1 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER RESOLUTION Dated 29 th November, 2005 F.No.23/1/2004-R&R - In this Ministry s Resolution F.No. 23/1/2004-R&R
More informationMIGRATION AND URBAN POVERTY IN INDIA
1 Working Paper 414 MIGRATION AND URBAN POVERTY IN INDIA SOME PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS William Joe Priyajit Samaiyar U. S. Mishra September 2009 2 Working Papers can be downloaded from the Centre s website
More informationIX Geography CHEPTER 6 : POPULATION
IX Geography CHEPTER 6 : POPULATION Introduction: The people are important to develop the economy and society. The people make and use resources and are themselves resources with varying quality. Resources,
More informationPolicy for Regional Development. V. J. Ravishankar Indian Institute of Public Administration 7 th December, 2006
Policy for Regional Development V. J. Ravishankar Indian Institute of Public Administration 7 th December, 2006 Why is regional equity an issue? Large regional disparities represent serious threats as
More informationDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND GROWTH OF POPULATION IN UTTAR PRADESH: TRENDS AND STATUS
DOI: 10.3126/ijssm.v3i4.15961 DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND GROWTH OF POPULATION IN UTTAR PRADESH: TRENDS AND STATUS Sandeep Kumar Baliyan* Giri Institute of Development Studies (GIDS), Lucknow 226024 *Email:
More informationThe turbulent rise of regional parties: A many-sided threat for Congress
The turbulent rise of regional parties: A many-sided threat for Congress By: Sanjay Kumar Sanjay Kumar is a Fellow at Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) Delhi REGIONAL PARTIES CHALLENGE
More informationAn Analysis of Impact of Gross Domestic Product on Literacy and Poverty of India during the Eleventh Plan
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 22, Issue 6, Ver. 6 (June. 2017) PP 41-45 e-issn: 2279-0837, p-issn: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org An Analysis of Impact of Gross Domestic
More informationELECTION NOTIFICATION
National Neonatology Forum Office of Election Committee (NNF Election-2018) Child Central, 717/1, 16 th Main, 6 th B Cross, Koramangala, 3 rd Block, Bangalore-560034 Email-nnfelection@gmail.com, Contact-+917022283535
More informationImpact of MGNREGS on Labour Supply to Agricultural Sector of Wayanad District in Kerala
Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 25(No.1) January-June 2012 pp 151-155 Research Note Impact of MGNREGS on Labour Supply to Agricultural Sector of Wayanad District in Kerala Merin S. Thadathil*
More informationURBANISATION IN INDIA: A DEMOGRAPHIC REAPPRAISAL. R. B. Bhagat Department of Geography Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak , India
Introduction: URBANISATION IN INDIA: A DEMOGRAPHIC REAPPRAISAL R. B. Bhagat Department of Geography Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak-124001, India The United Nations estimates indicate that at mid 1990s,
More informationRegression Model Approach for Out-Migration on Demographic Aspects of Rural Areas of Pauri Garhwal
175 Regression Model Approach for Out-Migration on Demographic Aspects of Rural Areas of Pauri Garhwal Pankaj Bahuguna, Research Scholar, Department of Statistics, H.N.B.G.U., Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand
More informationThe Indian economy witnessed a higher growth in the gross
Income Inequality in India: Pre- and Post-Reform Periods Sandip Sarkar, Balwant Singh Mehta India witnessed a widening of income inequality during the phase of acceleration in economic growth in the post-reform
More informationIS LITERACY A CAUSE OF INCREASE IN WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION IN PUNJAB (INDIA): A REGIONAL ANALYSIS?
IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences (IMPACT: IJRANSS) ISSN(E): 2321-8851; ISSN(P): 2347-4580 Vol. 2, Issue 2, Feb 2014, 49-56 Impact Journals IS LITERACY A
More informationSustainable Development Goals: Agenda 2030 Leave No-one Behind. Report. National Multi-Stakeholder Consultation. November 8 th & 9 th, 2016
Sustainable Development Goals: Agenda 2030 Leave No-one Behind Report National Multi-Stakeholder Consultation November 8 th & 9 th, 2016 Constitution Club of India, New Delhi Wada Na Todo Abhiyan Centre
More informationCitation IDE Discussion Paper. No
TitleRural to Urban Migration: A Distric Author(s) Mitra, Arup; Murayama, Mayumi Citation IDE Discussion Paper. No. 137. 2008 Issue Date 2008-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2344/729 Rights < アジア経済研究所学術研究リポジトリ
More informationGender-based Wage Differentials in India: Evidence Using a Matching Comparisons Method 1
Gender-based Wage Differentials in India: Evidence Using a Matching Comparisons Method 1 Tushar Agrawal Associate Fellow National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) Parisila Bhawan, 11- Indraprastha
More informationUnemployment in Kerala: An Analysis of Economic Causes
Unemployment in Kerala: An Analysis of Economic Causes B.A. Prakash (Reprint of the Working Paper No.231 of Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum 695 011, July 1989) Republished By Thiruvananthapuram
More informationDemocracy in India: A Citizens' Perspective APPENDICES. Lokniti : Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS)
Democracy in India: A Citizens' Perspective APPENDICES Appendix 1: The SDSA II (India component) covered states of India. All major states were included in the sample. The smaller states of North East
More informationEducational Attainment and Income Inequality: Evidence from Household Data of Odisha
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 9, Issue 3 (Mar. - Apr. 2013), PP 19-24 e-issn: 2279-0837, p-issn: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Educational Attainment and Income Inequality:
More informationRegional Composition of Migrant and Non -Migrant Workers in Maharashtra, India
International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS), 2017, Vol 4, No.2,152-156. 152 Available online at http://www.ijims.com ISSN - (Print): 2519 7908 ; ISSN - (Electronic):
More informationMAGNET Migration and Governance Network An initiative of the Swiss Development Cooperation
International Labour Organization ILO Regional Office for the Arab States MAGNET Migration and Governance Network An initiative of the Swiss Development Cooperation The Kuwaiti Labour Market and Foreign
More informationInsolvency Professionals to act as Interim Resolution Professionals and Liquidators (Recommendation) (Second) Guidelines, 2018
Insolvency Professionals to act as Interim Resolution Professionals and Liquidators (Recommendation) (Second) Guidelines, 2018 Provisions in the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 30 th November, 2018
More informationA Multi-dimensional Framework for Understanding, Measuring and Promoting Inclusive Economies Growth and Poverty Reduction: India s Experience
A Multi-dimensional Framework for Understanding, Measuring and Promoting Inclusive Economies Growth and Poverty Reduction: India s Experience Shashanka Bhide Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai
More informationTHE STATE OF EMPLOYMENT IN UTTAR PRADESH
UNLEASHING THE POTENTIAL FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH THE STATE OF EMPLOYMENT IN UTTAR PRADESH Unleashing the potential for inclusive growth i ii THE STATE OF EMPLOYMENT IN UTTAR PRADESH: Copyright International
More informationTHE NATIONALISED BANKS (MANAGEMENT AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) SCHEME, 1970
THE NATIONALISED BANKS (MANAGEMENT AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) SCHEME, 1970 Published in the Gazette of India Part II Section 3(ii), dated 28.11.1970 and subsequently amended and duly notified in Gazette
More informationInternal Migration for Education and Employment among Youth in India
WP-2014-004 Internal Migration for Education and Employment among Youth in India S Chandrasekhar, Ajay Sharma Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai January 2014 http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/wp-2014-004.pdf
More informationIPUMS samples for NSSO (India)
IPUMS samples for NSSO (India) Presentation by- Subhash Chand Seddey Director General & CEO National Sample Survey Organization To workshop on Integrating Global Census Microdata Durban, South Africa 15-27
More informationTribal Women Experiencing Panchayati Raj Institution in India with Special Reference to Arunachal Pradesh
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 22, Issue 1, Ver. 2 (January 2017) PP 46-50 e-issn: 2279-0837, p-issn: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Tribal Women Experiencing Panchayati
More informationMeasurement of Employment, Unemployment, and Underemployment
Measurement of Employment, Unemployment, and Underemployment N. Gopalakrishnan Nair Discussion Paper No. 72 Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development Centre for Development Studies Thiruvananthapuram
More informationWage and income differentials on the basis of gender in Indian agriculture
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Wage and income differentials on the basis of gender in Indian agriculture Adya Prasad Pandey and Shivesh Shivesh Department of Economics, Banaras Hindu University 12.
More informationMgnregs and Rural Unemployment- A Case Study of Chanditala C.D Block- I of Hugli District, West Bengal
The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES) Volume 3 Issue 4 Pages 21-28 2014 ISSN (e): 2319 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 1805 Mgnregs and Rural Unemployment- A Case Study of Chanditala C.D Block-
More informationMigration and Informality
Migration and Informality Alakh N. Sharma Dhruv Sood Institute for Human Development NIDM Building, 3 rd Floor, IP Estate Mahatma Gandhi Marg New Delhi-110002 Why People Migrate? Labour migration is an
More informationWAGE PROBLEMS IN LABOUR MARKET AND MGNREGA
WAGE PROBLEMS IN LABOUR MARKET AND Dr. Vinod Kumar Srivastava, Faculty Member, Department Of Economics and Rural Development, Dr.Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh. ABSTRACT Any
More informationA Comparative Study of Human Development Index of Major Indian States
Volume-6, Issue-2, March-April 2016 International Journal of Engineering and Management Research Page Number: 107-111 A Comparative Study of Human Development Index of Major Indian States Pooja Research
More information