World Vision International
|
|
- Antony Elliott
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 World Vision International Balancing the macro with the micro in Soweto - Orlando East and the challenges of building a local economy By John van Kooy, Dr Liam Magee and Dr David Lansley
2 This case study originally appeared in Cities for the future: Innovative and principles-based approaches to urban equity, sustainability and governance (published in April 2015). Cities for the future is the biannual flagship publication of the Global Compact Cities Programme and is financially supported by the Research and Innovation Portfolio at RMIT University. For more information, visit Cover image courtesy of World Vision International.
3 Johannesburg, South Africa Human Rights Labour Environment Anti-corruption Cross-sectoral Collaboration Balancing the macro with the micro in Soweto Orlando East and the challenges of building a local economy John van Kooy, Dr Liam Magee and Dr David Lansley for the Centre of Expertise for Urban Programming, World Vision International A review of a pilot urban development project by World Vision in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, suggests collaboration between government, community, business and the NGO sector could be critical to tackling economic issues facing the urban poor. In 2008, international non-government organization World Vision launched a pilot urban development project in Orlando East, what was once termed a dormitory suburb in the South Western Townships (Soweto) of Johannesburg. The project adopted an openended, exploratory and participatory approach to local economic development challenges in the area with the aim of understanding and countering some of the effects of urban poverty traps in Soweto. The project focused on strengthening community partnering and conducting government-oriented advocacy and network-building to create something of a business zone in Orlando East. This article presents an overview of that project and a summary of the economic challenges and opportunities facing local actors. The views of local people working in business, communities, government and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) all tend to highlight the difficulties in overcoming structural developmental deficits in this case brought about by the hostile political, economic and spatial effects of the apartheid regime. By teasing out a small sample of these views, we hope to better understand local economic development challenges and opportunities in disadvantaged urban contexts. Urban microeconomic development and the World Vision pilot project Cities are drivers of economic growth: they attract populations with employment opportunities, and offer ready-made markets and infrastructure for products and services. However, stimulating economic development at a local level in cities is a persistent challenge for communities, governments, policy-makers and NGOs. Prescribing generalized economic policy and programmes can be problematic when they are applied to the complex social structures, community relations and diverse populations living in urban areas. Microfinance as a means of building local economic growth has received considerable attention in the past two decades. Increasingly, it makes sense to think of microfinance as a family of related approaches that encompass formal microfinance lending systems, community-based savings and loans groups, and business and life skills training. All of these approaches emphasize small-scale and community-based interventions. As some scholars have noted recently, the huge diversity of urban communities in different parts of the world or even within the same city means that such programmes need to be carefully tailored to reflect the historical, political and cultural aspects of local communities in urban areas. World Vision started a pilot local economic development project in 2008 in the Soweto area of Johannesburg. The project took an open-ended, exploratory approach to the design and implementation of its activities and engagement with project partners. The initial approach focused on working with sectoral task teams who would plan and execute economic strategies and were focused on issues of environmental action, skills development, tourism, informal traders and small and medium enterprises. However, the project quickly advanced to a greater emphasis on growing a local network of community and business organizations, and on advocacy to government and local authorities. This transition was a significant learning outcome: in Orlando East, purely financial schemes (loans, savings, skills development) needed to be embedded in a broader context of power and activism to have efficacy. This may not be a uniform feature of urban local economic development; rather it was born out of the particular history of Soweto.
4 A key pillar of the project and one that proved to be quite active in its advocacy to the city government was the Small, Medium and Micro-Enterprise (SMME) Forum. The Forum, which was initiated and facilitated with the support of World Vision, serves as a networking and planning body for economic initiatives in the local area. Activities include matching CVs and skills of forum members with available job opportunities, linking members with government schemes and identifying local business opportunities. In late 2012, the SMME Forum was also in the process of registering for formal status as a financial institution. A research team was deployed in late 2012 to review the project and capture lessons from the first phase of implementation. The review attempted to map the array of obstacles to and opportunities for economic development in Orlando East, as reflected by program participants. Our findings contribute to better understanding of the barriers to local economic development in an urban context. A poverty trap amidst South Africa s growing economy Researcher Ivan Turok describes South African cities as having a low-density, fragmented form that creates poverty traps on the periphery. The Orlando East area in Soweto is located in just such a poverty trap. Spatially distant from the economic hub of Johannesburg s centre, Soweto is a low-income area with a fast-growing population. Chronic housing shortages and limited basic infrastructure, including paved roads, water and sewerage, add to the range of social challenges. During the apartheid era, Orlando East functioned largely as a dormitory suburb for black workers commuting into Johannesburg. Since 1994 the area has struggled to participate in South Africa s strong economic growth, in spite of several positive developments such as hosting the World Cup games at a newly built stadium in 2010 and gradual growth of tourism to the area. Soweto suffers from high levels of unemployment and makes only a marginal contribution to the national economy. Small and micro businesses are the main type of private economic activity and the area is home to a substantial number of informal, unregistered businesses and traders. Microenterprises in South Africa s informal economy typically do not survive beyond their first five years and Soweto is no exception. Small informal businesses operating in the area face high mortality rates due to a lack of skills, business knowledge and resources; inappropriate training; cash flow problems; a lack of business networks; and isolation from formal financial institutions and state-run business support schemes. Obstacles to economic development in Soweto In our review of the World Vision project, we conducted interviews and questionnaires with residents of the Orlando East area, project staff and partner organizations that are developing economic training, local business people, health or other community services. We asked questions about the general economic environment, employment and business obstacles and prospects for the future. The World Vision International pilot project worked to counter the urban poverty trap in Soweto. It found that macro level approaches are required to stimulate the economic development of small, medium and micro enterprises. Image: World Vision International.
5 Cities for the future Case Studies - Gobal Compact Cities Programme Nearly all respondents agreed that the outlook for business had not improved, or had become more difficult in recent years. The main reasons given for this were increased competition, lack of business management skills, a changing technology environment, and ongoing security and safety issues. Of these reasons, competition from recent migrants to Soweto (from countries as far away as Somalia or Pakistan) was by far the most significant issue. Respondents also talked about problems of crowded and poor-quality housing, describing the influx of people to Orlando East as particularly difficult for young people, and that children were frequently left with elderly carers due to the impact of HIV/AIDS on the adult generation. Education, skills and access to information were mentioned as strategies for countering this vulnerability. Most respondents also agreed that there was substantial economic inequality in the area, with suggestions that some 50 millionaires reside in Soweto. Small businesses and contractors, it seems, face a damaging combination of obstacles. The situation is captured well by one of the managers interviewed at the SMME Forum: A lack of skills is a major obstacle facing small businesses... Mobility is also a problem; particularly in the building sector [where] there is a constant need for training There is the problem of the need for businesses to expand out of Soweto and even beyond South Africa. This requires skills and finance. And competition has become more intense, forcing businesses to become more creative, for example the development of a new greenfields township... The main obstacles are a lack of information and a lack of preparedness, for example what is the gap in the market? As an example we recently met two young people wanting to sell ideas. They had not done enough research into the advertising industry, which already employed lots of creative people. We advised them to re-think and change their business plan. Other barriers identified, from government corruption to infrastructure gaps, contribute to the high rates of small business mortality (particularly in the informal sector) across all of South Africa. Opportunities for the future The two key aims of our study were to review community members assessment of their current and future incomegenerating opportunities and the extent to which World Vision could contribute. When asked about possible business and employment options in Orlando East, it was clear that community respondents were considering a range of potential sectors. Jobs were considered to be available in: repairs and maintenance, car washing, computer sales and maintenance education, including sports coaching, music performance and teaching hospitality and food, such as in restaurants, bed and breakfasts, kiosks, selling fast food ( bunny chows ) and bakeries construction-related industries, including installation and maintenance of energy and water facilities, recycling and buy-back of construction materials. Community respondents identified an even broader range of sectors when it came to small business opportunities, including waste management, food production and urban agriculture, bricklaying, painting and paving, IT, tourism, house renovations, car washing, health, and sport and associated sectors. The SMME Forum respondents believed that between 70 and 80 per cent of people they engage with have the potential to run their own business, if only they could acquire business and financial management skills. Other respondents also highlighted characteristics important for finding jobs or earning income, mentioning skills, education and self-reliance or independence. In response to questions about finance, two small business owners expressed doubt about whether this would help expand their business. One respondent, a computer reseller, stated: I believe I should save money for myself rather than taking loans because at the end it is difficult to repay them. In response to a general question about the future, respondents were generally confident that things will pick up. Among the reasons given were: volunteers at one of the co-operatives were developing skills and education, and were in a better position to gain full-time education improved management of HIV/AIDS meant that those with the motivation and focus might be more able to do something for themselves. Moreover a fully-fledged, multi-party democracy in the country s political system was seen to give hope, and to encourage large-scale national investment. Importantly, this suggests that specific schemes targeting savings, loans or skills are necessary but not sufficient; broader political representation, accountability and policy support for small business development are also critical. With regard to World Vision s contribution, partnering has proved to be a significant aspect of the project, as it connected World Vision staff to the diverse skills, resources and networks available through other organisations. Strong institutional relationships also allowed for so-called soft advocacy developing relationships and influence with local government officers to promote specific interests and agendas that fail to be heard through other channels. This is not only an issue of social justice and equity. As the comments of the SMME Forum respondents showed, organized collective action on the part of small businesses, tradespeople and community groups can help drive economic opportunity. Conclusions Major cities such as Johannesburg are powerful attractors of financial, human and social capital. However, marginalised zones such as Soweto contribute little to the economic output of the city and suffer a disproportionate
6 share of urban blights, including high unemployment, crime, perceptions of government corruption, the effects of HIV/AIDS and other transmitted diseases, skills and service shortages and general poverty. In short, they enjoy little of the benefits of urban development, while inheriting many of the costs. These issues are illustrated clearly in Orlando East, which has seen many of the economic development benefits experienced by South Africa as a whole generally pass it by. Our review of the World Vision project has identified three main sets of obstacles to economic development in the area. First, it is obviously difficult to enter the formal economy to gain employment or to start up a business. There is a lack of physical infrastructure and financial capital to incentivize businesses to set up shop in Orlando East. Security and health issues compound the difficulties of operating, as does a lingering reputational attitude, even among local residents, that better retail opportunities could be found in Johannesburg proper. The second obstacle makes this situation worse; that is, the ongoing difficult operating environment for businesses. Respondents mentioned factors like fluctuating demand and fickle customer preferences, heightened competition in low-skilled service sectors, lack of investment, low formal education levels and the complexities of business regulation. All of these dampen the usual incentives that motivate business development. The third set of obstacles relate to institutional weakness. Respondents noted a number of concerns in dealing with government agencies, including poor and infrequent communication; the complexities and difficulties of business compliance; corruption, particularly concerning government funding and job vacancies; and, conversely, the high degree of reliance upon government investment. Indeed, the government was largely absent from our findings as a facilitator or contributor to local economic growth in Soweto. Community respondents views on government ranged from ambivalent to acrimonious though there was hope that the democratic system would improve this situation. Conversely, participants spoke highly of World Vision s role in promoting economic development issues. According to respondents, programmes for training and equipping communities with financial literacy, business management and practical skills address some of the difficulties with finding employment and operating businesses. While these findings may be skewed by participant bias the authors were conducting a review in the name of World Vision it is nonetheless striking that an internationally funded NGO was viewed with far less suspicion than the locally elected government. Indeed further collaboration between government, community, businesses and the NGO sector could be critical. We conclude by noting Turok s appraisal of South African cities, amply confirmed by our own findings, which suggests that development programmes need to be adapted to address the specific economic dilemmas of the urban poor. The stark inequity of Johannesburg s wealth distribution demonstrates that urban poverty traps are less determined by physical location than by social and political structures. We suggest that this means development efforts cannot remain limited to the current stream of micro -oriented programmes; some, at least, must be supplemented by attention to, and attempt to intervene in, macro-systems that reside at the urban and regional level. World Vision International has been a strategic partner of the Global Compact Cities Programme since This article draws on collaborative research undertaken in 2014 by World Vision s Global Center of Expertise for Urban Programming, the Global Compact Cities Programme and RMIT University. A lack of skills is a major obstacle facing small businesses... Mobility is also a problem; particularly in the building sector [where] there is a constant need for training... There is the problem of the need for businesses to expand out of Soweto and even beyond South Africa. This requires skills and finance. SMME Forum interviewee Microenterprises in South Africa s informal economy typically do not survive beyond their first five years and Soweto is no exception. Image: World Vision International.
World Vision International. World Vision is advancing just cities for children. By Joyati Das
World Vision International World Vision is advancing just cities for children By Joyati Das This case study originally appeared in Cities for the future: Innovative and principles-based approaches to urban
More informationPresident Jacob Zuma: Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Summit
President Jacob Zuma: Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Summit 03 Oct 2013 The Minister of Trade and Industry and all Ministers and Deputy Ministers present, Members of the Presidential Broad-based
More informationShared responsibility, shared humanity
Shared responsibility, shared humanity 24.05.18 Communiqué from the International Refugee Congress 2018 Preamble We, 156 participants, representing 98 diverse institutions from 29 countries, including
More informationPRE-CONFERENCE MEETING Women in Local Authorities Leadership Positions: Approaches to Democracy, Participation, Local Development and Peace
PRE-CONFERENCE MEETING Women in Local Authorities Leadership Positions: Approaches to Democracy, Participation, Local Development and Peace Presentation by Carolyn Hannan, Director Division for the Advancement
More informationChina s Response to the Global Slowdown: The Best Macro is Good Micro
China s Response to the Global Slowdown: The Best Macro is Good Micro By Nicholas Stern (Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank ) At the Global Economic Slowdown and China's Countermeasures
More informationThe Wedding and Beauty parlour in Za atri camp, Jordan, is a welcome business initiative for the refugee community
The Wedding and Beauty parlour in Za atri camp, Jordan, is a welcome business initiative for the refugee community 52 UNHCR Global Report 2013 Encouraging Self-Reliance Building the self-reliance of refugees
More informationYouth labour market overview
1 Youth labour market overview With 1.35 billion people, China has the largest population in the world and a total working age population of 937 million. For historical and political reasons, full employment
More informationILO Poverty Reduction through Tourism Training Program MODULE 1 THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
ILO Poverty Reduction through Tourism Training Program MODULE 1 THE TOURISM INDUSTRY 1 Module 1 Learning Objectives 2 1. To understand the definitions of tourism and its main characteristics 2. To analyze
More informationTERMS OF REFERENCE FOR SERVICE CONTRACTING. Private Sector and Non-Governmental Organizations (National / International)
TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR SERVICE CONTRACTING Assignment Location Private Sector and Non-Governmental Organizations (National / International) Jordan Duration 24 months Reporting to Youth Employment Programme
More informationHARNESSING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF TRANSNATIONAL COMMUNITIES AND DIASPORAS
HARNESSING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF TRANSNATIONAL COMMUNITIES AND DIASPORAS Building upon the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants adopted on 19 September 2016, the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly
More informationThe impacts of the global financial and food crises on the population situation in the Arab World.
DOHA DECLARATION I. Preamble We, the heads of population councils/commissions in the Arab States, representatives of international and regional organizations, and international experts and researchers
More informationThe Power of. Sri Lankans. For Peace, Justice and Equality
The Power of Sri Lankans For Peace, Justice and Equality OXFAM IN SRI LANKA STRATEGIC PLAN 2014 2019 The Power of Sri Lankans For Peace, Justice and Equality Contents OUR VISION: A PEACEFUL NATION FREE
More informationIntroduction. Introduction
12 1 Introd duction Seeing the change taking place in participants, the bond and trust they built up with each other after a difficult start was the most rewarding of the Move Forward Project for us. 13
More informationChild labour (CL) in the primary production of sugarcane: summary of CL-related findings. Ergon Associates ILO Child Labour Platform 2017
Child labour (CL) in the primary production of sugarcane: summary of CL-related findings Ergon Associates ILO Child Labour Platform 2017 2 Short summary contents 1 Objectives of the study 2 Key findings
More informationSEX WORKERS, EMPOWERMENT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN ETHIOPIA
SEX WORKERS, EMPOWERMENT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN ETHIOPIA Sexuality, Poverty and Law Cheryl Overs June 2014 The IDS programme on Strengthening Evidence-based Policy works across six key themes. Each
More informationBackground. Types of migration
www.unhabitat.org 01 Background Fishman64 / Shutterstock.com Types of migration Movement patterns (circular; rural-urban; chain) Decision making (voluntary/involuntary) Migrant categories: Rural-urban
More informationLONDON CONFERENCE LEBANON STATEMENT OF INTENT Presented by the Republic of Lebanon
LONDON CONFERENCE LEBANON STATEMENT OF INTENT Presented by the Republic of Lebanon Key Messages As we enter the sixth year of the Syrian crisis, all international data concur that Lebanon is bearing a
More informationMaking multiculturalism work
Making multiculturalism work In the last 10 to 15 years, we have seen an increase of arrival of people from all part of the globe through immigration. New Zealand is now home to over 180 ethnicities. It
More information2011 HIGH LEVEL MEETING ON YOUTH General Assembly United Nations New York July 2011
2011 HIGH LEVEL MEETING ON YOUTH General Assembly United Nations New York 25-26 July 2011 Thematic panel 2: Challenges to youth development and opportunities for poverty eradication, employment and sustainable
More informationRESOLUTION. Euronest Parliamentary Assembly Assemblée parlementaire Euronest Parlamentarische Versammlung Euronest Парламентская Aссамблея Евронест
Euronest Parliamentary Assembly Assemblée parlementaire Euronest Parlamentarische Versammlung Euronest Парламентская Aссамблея Евронест 28.05.2013 RESOLUTION on combating poverty and social exclusion in
More informationExtractive industries and sustainable job creation
UNCTAD 17th Africa OILGASMINE, Khartoum, 23-26 November 2015 Extractive Industries and Sustainable Job Creation Extractive industries and sustainable job creation By Vic van Vuuren, Director, Technical
More informationCity of Johannesburg: 12 June 2012 GFMD Preparatory Workshop, Mauritius
City of Johannesburg: Tackling the challenges and opportunities of migration in cities policy and institutional aspects 12 June 2012 GFMD Preparatory Workshop, Mauritius INTRODUCTION City of +4 million
More informationColleagues, ladies and gentlemen, Good morning.
Speech by the Director of the Movement of Persons, Migration and Alien Affairs Department, Han-Maurits Schaapveld, on the occasion of the IOM International Dialogue on Migration Workshop on Enhancing the
More informationGUIDELINE 8: Build capacity and learn lessons for emergency response and post-crisis action
GUIDELINE 8: Build capacity and learn lessons for emergency response and post-crisis action Limited resources, funding, and technical skills can all affect the robustness of emergency and post-crisis responses.
More informationSustainable Cities. Judith Maxwell. Canadian Policy Research Networks. Canadian Institute of Planners. Halifax, July 7, 2003
Sustainable Cities Judith Maxwell Canadian Policy Research Networks Canadian Institute of Planners Halifax, July 7, 2003 A New Context For Cities Cities and communities are struggling to adapt to pressures
More information2018 STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS KEY MESSAGES
2018 STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS President Cyril Ramaphosa delivered the State of the Nation Address (SoNA) to a joint sitting of the two houses of Parliament on Friday, 16 February 2017. The president
More informationDÓCHAS STRATEGY
DÓCHAS STRATEGY 2015-2020 2015-2020 Dóchas is the Irish Association of Non-Governmental Development Organisations. It is a meeting place and a leading voice for organisations that want Ireland to be a
More informationHousehold Energy and Financial Sustainability Scheme: A Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Perspective September 2011
Household Energy and Financial Sustainability Scheme: A Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Perspective September 2011 The Federation of Ethnic Communities Councils of Australia (FECCA) 1. Executive
More informationA Trusteeship for Zimbabwe? Norman Reynolds
A Trusteeship for Zimbabwe? Norman Reynolds The situation in Zimbabwe has become critical. The nation is suffering economic, health and social implosion. After three fraudulent elections, a chaotic land
More informationUNDP UNHCR Transitional Solutions Initiative (TSI) Joint Programme
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES UNDP UNHCR Transitional Solutions Initiative (TSI) Joint Programme DEVELOPMENT PARTNER BRIEF, NOVEMBER 2013 CONTEXT During
More informationSocial Dimension S o ci al D im en si o n 141
Social Dimension Social Dimension 141 142 5 th Pillar: Social Justice Fifth Pillar: Social Justice Overview of Current Situation In the framework of the Sustainable Development Strategy: Egypt 2030, social
More informationInternational Council on Social Welfare Global Programme 2016 to The Global Programme for is shaped by four considerations:
International Council on Social Welfare Global Programme 2016 to 2020 1 THE CONTEXT OF THE 2016-2020 GLOBAL PROGRAMME The Global Programme for 2016-2020 is shaped by four considerations: a) The founding
More informationWomen Entrepreneurship in India: Challenges and Opportunities
Women Entrepreneurship in India: Challenges and Opportunities Prof. N. ChintaRao,Director, Dr. C.S.Rao P.G.Centre, Sri Y.N.College, Narsapur, W.G.Dt., A.P. Introduction : Women have achieved immense development
More informationInternational Investor Perceptions and the Nation Brand - Views from Germany. Brand South Africa Research Note. By:
Research Note International Investor Perceptions and the Nation Brand - Views from Germany By: Dr. Judy Smith-Höhn, Ms. Leigh-Gail Petersen, Mr. Thabelo Mbedzi Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Country Brand
More informationContact: Chiara Campanaro - Tel: +33 (0)
Unclassified DCD/DAC/RD(2016)7/RD2 DCD/DAC/RD(2016)7/RD2 Unclassified Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 03-Jun-2016 English
More informationTable of Contents GLOSSARY 2 HIGHLIGHTS 3 SITUATION UPDATE 5 UNDP RESPONSE UPDATE 7 DONORS 15
Table of Contents GLOSSARY 2 HIGHLIGHTS 3 SITUATION UPDATE 5 UNDP RESPONSE UPDATE 7.Emergency employment opportunities for infrastructure rehabilitation 8 2.Restoration of livelihoods and revival of micro-to-small
More informationUNDP s Response To The Crisis In Iraq
UNDP s Response To The Crisis In Iraq Background Iraq is currently facing one of the largest humanitarian crises in the world and a Level 3 emergency was declared for Iraq by the UN Emergency Relief Coordinator
More informationCGD Commissioned Papers on Fragile States June 2009
CGD Commissioned Papers on Fragile States June 2009 CGD s current work on fragile states consists of a series of papers commissioned by Vijaya Ramachandran and Satish Chand to (a) identify the three or
More informationKenya. Strategy for Sweden s development cooperation with MFA
MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS, SWEDEN UTRIKESDEPARTEMENTET Strategy for Sweden s development cooperation with Kenya 2016 2020 MFA 103 39 Stockholm Telephone: +46 8 405 10 00, Web site: www.ud.se Cover:
More informationThe Role of Public Private Partnerships in Poverty Alleviation in South Africa
The Role of Public Private Partnerships in Poverty Alleviation in South Africa Rural Development Conference 2011 The Sandton Sun Hotel, Johannesburg 25 th 26 th May 2011 National War Room Department of
More informationWELCommon A community center
WELCommon A community center Yonous Muhammadi, Greek Refugees Forum Nikos Chrysogelos, ANEMOS ANANEOSIS/WIND OF RENEWAL The reality and the needs About 55.000 refugees blocked inside Greece - Infrastructure
More informationCountry programme for Thailand ( )
Country programme for Thailand (2012-2016) Contents Page I. Situation analysis 2 II. Past cooperation and lessons learned.. 2 III. Proposed programme.. 3 IV. Programme management, monitoring and evaluation....
More informationCONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Chapter - VII CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Linking Women Empowerment With SHG The socio-economic empowerment of women is also reflected in the development programme of the country. In this part of the
More informationSerbia. Working environment. The context. The needs. Serbia
Working environment The context The Republic of hosts the largest number of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the region. In 2007, repatriation to Croatia slowed, in part because of a
More informationDownloads from this web forum are for private, non-commercial use only. Consult the copyright and media usage guidelines on
Econ 3x3 www.econ3x3.org A web forum for accessible policy-relevant research and expert commentaries on unemployment and employment, income distribution and inclusive growth in South Africa Downloads from
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations E/CN.6/2010/L.5 Economic and Social Council Distr.: Limited 9 March 2010 Original: English Commission on the Status of Women Fifty-fourth session 1-12 March 2010 Agenda item 3 (c) Follow-up
More informationWomen, gender equality and governance in cities. Keynote address by Carolyn Hannan Director, United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women
Women, gender equality and governance in cities Keynote address by Carolyn Hannan Director, United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women At the Asia Women s Network Roundtable: Envisioning gender
More informationBriefing to the Incoming Minister of Women s Affairs
Ministry of Women s Affairs Briefing Briefing to the Incoming Minister of Women s Affairs December 2010 Briefing Date: 9 December 2010 Briefing No: - Action sought Hon Hekia Parata Minister of Women s
More informationMuslim Women s Council Strategy 2017 onwards
Muslim Women s Council Strategy 2017 onwards Muslim Women s Council Strategy 2017 onwards Muslim Women s Council is a leading Bradford based charity set up in 2009. We are led by the needs of Muslim women
More informationSubmission on Strengthening the test for Australian citizenship
Submission on Strengthening the test for Australian citizenship May 2017 Table of Contents Jesuit Social Services: Who we are... 2 Our recommendations... 4 Introduction... 5 English language requirement...
More informationDevelopment Policy Research Unit University of Cape Town. Institutional Aspects of the Maputo Development Corridor
Development Policy Research Unit University of Cape Town Institutional Aspects of the Maputo Development Corridor DPRU Policy Brief No. 01/P16 October 2001 DPRU Policy Brief 01/P17 Foreword The Development
More informationInformal Trade in Africa
I. Introduction Informal trade or unrecorded trade is broadly defined as all trade activities between any two countries which are not included in the national income according to national income conventions
More informationPlanning and its discontents: South Africa s experience. Y Abba Omar, Director Operations Mapungubwe Institute Johannesburg
Planning and its discontents: South Africa s experience Y Abba Omar, Director Operations Mapungubwe Institute Johannesburg While the focus is on impact, it becomes necessary to examine the processes which
More informationOECD Skills Strategy
Di agnos t i crepor t Putting skills to effective use OECD Skills Strategy Building the right skills can help countries improve economic prosperity and social cohesion Economic prosperity Social cohesion
More informationSUMMARY POVERTY REDUCTION AND SOCIAL STRATEGY
Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project (RRP CAM46293) SUMMARY POVERTY REDUCTION AND SOCIAL STRATEGY Country: Cambodia Project Title: Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism
More informationGOVERNANCE AND CIVIL SOCIETY
Partners for change GOVERNANCE AND CIVIL SOCIETY Sub-Saharan Africa PARTNERS FOR CHANGE GOVERNANCE AND CIVIL SOCIETY Partners for change The British Council is committed to building engagement and trust
More informationHelen Clark: Opening Address to the International Conference on the Emergence of Africa
Helen Clark: Opening Address to the International Conference on the Emergence of Africa 18 Mar 2015 It is a pleasure to join the President of Cote d Ivoire, H.E. Alassane Ouattara, in welcoming you to
More informationEmployment & Community Participation
Employment & Community Participation P articipating in employment is a foundation of social inclusion, recognised by governments across Australia as creating opportunities for independence and personal
More informationEU CONFERENCE on MIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Evaluation and Analysis of Good Practices in Promoting and Supporting Migrant Entrepreneurship EU CONFERENCE on MIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP Background paper 23 February 2016 Deliverable prepared for the European
More informationSave the Children s Commitments for the World Humanitarian Summit, May 2016
Save the Children s Commitments for the World Humanitarian Summit, May 2016 Background At the World Humanitarian Summit, Save the Children invites all stakeholders to join our global call that no refugee
More informationThe evidence base of Health 2020
Information document The evidence base of Health 2020 Regional Committee for Europe Sixty-second session Malta, 10 13 September 2012 Regional Committee for Europe Sixty-second session EUR/RC62/Inf.Doc./2
More informationSocial Community Teams against Poverty (The Netherlands, January 2016)
Social Community Teams against Poverty (The Netherlands, 19-20 January 2016) Local and regional approach towards combating poverty and social exclusion in Poland 1 Ewa Chyłek Ministry of Family, Labour
More informationInformal debate of the General Assembly Promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women 6 8 March 2007
Informal debate of the General Assembly Promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women 6 8 March 2007 I. Introduction The President of the General Assembly invited Member States and observers
More informationInformal entrepreneurship and Gauteng
Informal entrepreneurship and Gauteng ELLA Summit on Informality and Inclusive Growth Sally Peberdy (PhD) Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) sally.peberdy@gcro.ac.za Overview of QoL 2015 Overview of
More informationCOMMENTS ON: STRENGTHENING PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FOR THE MELLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS: A PARTNERSHIP BUILDING APPROACH REPORT OF THE SECRETARIAT
COMMENTS ON: STRENGTHENING PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FOR THE MELLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS: A PARTNERSHIP BUILDING APPROACH REPORT OF THE SECRETARIAT By Dennis A. Rondinelli 1 The Secretariat s report on a
More informationMADE West Africa Match-Funding Contribution
MADE West Africa Match-Funding Contribution 2018-2019 Call for proposals Concept note: Small-scale grant in match-funding for actions for the promotion of the positive potential of migrants for development
More informationNote by Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (Egypt) 1
Distr.: General 10 February 2012 English only Economic Commission for Europe Conference of European Statisticians Group of Experts on Gender Statistics Work Session on Gender Statistics Geneva, 12-14 March
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 22 October 2015 Original: English E/ECA/CGSD/1/6 Economic Commission for Africa Committee on Gender and Social Development First Session Addis
More informationFacilitating Cross-Border Mobile Banking in Southern Africa
Africa Trade Policy Notes Facilitating Cross-Border Mobile Banking in Southern Africa Samuel Maimbo, Nicholas Strychacz, and Tania Saranga 1 Introduction May, 2010 The use of mobile banking in Southern
More informationCDE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CDE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY March 2014 CITIES OF HOPE Cities have never been more important for human well-being and economic prosperity. Half of the world s population lives in urban areas, while about 80 per
More informationSMART STRATEGIES TO INCREASE PROSPERITY AND LIMIT BRAIN DRAIN IN CENTRAL EUROPE 1
Summary of the Expert Conference: SMART STRATEGIES TO INCREASE PROSPERITY AND LIMIT BRAIN DRAIN IN CENTRAL EUROPE 1 6 November 2018 STATE OF PLAY AND CHALLENGES Citizens of new EU member states are increasingly
More informationEQUAL OPPORTUNITIES COMMITTEE REMOVING BARRIERS: RACE, ETHNICITY AND EMPLOYMENT SUBMISSION FROM WEST OF SCOTLAND REGIONAL EQUALITY COUNCIL (WSREC)
EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES COMMITTEE REMOVING BARRIERS: RACE, ETHNICITY AND EMPLOYMENT SUBMISSION FROM WEST OF SCOTLAND REGIONAL EQUALITY COUNCIL (WSREC) 1. Employment Support and Advice a. What Provisions are
More informationEIGHTY-SIXTH SESSION WORKSHOPS FOR POLICY MAKERS: REPORT CAPACITY-BUILDING IN MIGRATION MANAGEMENT
EIGHTY-SIXTH SESSION WORKSHOPS FOR POLICY MAKERS: REPORT CAPACITY-BUILDING IN MIGRATION MANAGEMENT 1 INTRODUCTION International migration is becoming an increasingly important feature of the globalizing
More informationBorder Management & Governance Standards Philip Peirce Principal Advisor on Border Management
United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Europe and CIS Border Management & Governance Standards Philip Peirce Principal Advisor on Border Management EU-Japan International Conference on
More informationILO STRATEGY FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION, REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY OF THE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI-AFFECTED COUNTRIES IN ASIA
1 ILO STRATEGY FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION, REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY OF THE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI-AFFECTED COUNTRIES IN ASIA THE BACKGROUND The UN Secretary-General described the December 26, 2004 catastrophe
More informationExecutive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, of the United Nations Population Fund
United Nations DP/DCP/BEN/2 Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, of the United Nations Population Fund and of the United Nations Office for Project Services Distr.: General 15 March
More informationGreater Dandenong People Seeking Asylum and Refugees Action Plan A collaborative plan for the Greater Dandenong Community
Greater Dandenong People Seeking Asylum and Refugees Action Plan 2018 2021 A collaborative plan for the Greater Dandenong Community Contents 1 Mayor s foreword 2 Message from the Working Group Councillors
More informationTHE GLOBAL STATE OF YOUNG FEMINIST ORGANIZING
THE GLOBAL STATE OF YOUNG FEMINIST ORGANIZING Published by FRIDA The Young Feminist Fund & Association for Women s Rights in Development s Young Feminist Activism Program EXECUTIVE SUM- EXECUTIVE MARY
More informationUpdate on UNHCR s global programmes and partnerships
Update Global Programmes and Partnerships Executive Committee of the High Commissioner s Programme Sixty-first session Geneva, 4-8 October 2010 30 September 2010 Original: English and French Update on
More information12 Economic alternatives as strategies
Brian Martin, Nonviolence versus Capitalism (London: War Resisters International, 2001) 12 Economic alternatives as strategies One fruitful way to develop strategies is to work out components of the goal
More informationLESSON 14: Involving the private sector in the corruption prevention strategy
The United Nations Convention against Corruption Safeguarding against Corruption in Major Public Events LESSON 14: Involving the private sector in the corruption prevention strategy The private sector
More informationMining Toolkit. In-Migration
Tool Child Rights and Mining Toolkit Children are the most vulnerable stakeholders regarding mining impacts, including the effects of project-related in-migration. As dependents of migrant mine workers,
More informationAnnex 1 Eligible Priority Sectors and Programme Areas Norwegian Financial Mechanism
Annex 1 Eligible Priority Sectors and Programme Areas Norwegian Financial Mechanism The overall objectives of the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021 are to contribute to the reduction of economic
More informationPolicy, Advocacy and Communication
Policy, Advocacy and Communication situation Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in realising children s rights to health, education, social protection and gender equality in Cambodia.
More informationKeynote address January 2018, OECD, Paris
MS. LOUISE ARBOUR SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION -- Video message for the International Forum on Migration Statistics 2018 Keynote address 15-16 January 2018,
More informationEvaluation of Cooperation for Legal and Judicial Reform
Third Party Evaluation Report 2014 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Evaluation of Cooperation for Legal and Judicial Reform February 2015 Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. Preface This report under
More informationAbout half the population of the Kyrgyz
Building a fair society Kyrgyzstan s unions and poverty reduction In Kyrgyzstan, trade unions have been closely involved in drawing up and implementing the National Poverty Reduction Programme. They believe
More informationReducing vulnerability and building resilience what does it entail? Andrew Shepherd, Chronic Poverty Advisory Network, Overseas Development
Reducing vulnerability and building resilience what does it entail? Andrew Shepherd, Chronic Poverty Advisory Network, Overseas Development Institute, London Expert Group Meeting on Strengthening Social
More informationConference on What Africa Can Do Now To Accelerate Youth Employment. Organized by
Conference on What Africa Can Do Now To Accelerate Youth Employment Organized by The Olusegun Obasanjo Foundation (OOF) and The African Union Commission (AUC) (Addis Ababa, 29 January 2014) Presentation
More informationSpeech by Minister of State Mr David Stanton TD Equinet Conference: Poverty and Discrimination Two sides of the Same Coin Thursday 22 March, 2018
Speech by Minister of State Mr David Stanton TD Equinet Conference: Poverty and Discrimination Two sides of the Same Coin Thursday 22 March, 2018 Good morning ladies and gentlemen. It is a great pleasure
More information10 th Southern Africa Civil Society Forum (27th-30th July 2014, Harare, Zimbabwe)
10 th Southern Africa Civil Society Forum (27th-30th July 2014, Harare, Zimbabwe) THE SADC WE WANT: ACTING TOGETHER FOR ACCOUNTABILITY, PEACE AND INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT 1. Preamble 1.2. We, the representatives
More informationHighlights and Overview
Highlights and Overview OCHA OCHA POliCy AND studies series saving lives today AND tomorrow MANAgiNg the RisK Of HuMANitARiAN CRises 1 Highlights 1 Today we know that: The number of people affected by
More information1.1 Recommendations from the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2004
UPDATE Young people s participation Introduction Young people s participation is still in its infancy in the Netherlands. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is characterized by the 3 Ps, namely
More informationThe Informal Economy and Sustainable Livelihoods
The Journal of the helen Suzman Foundation Issue 75 April 2015 The Informal Economy and Sustainable Livelihoods The informal market is often considered to be an entity distinct from the larger South African
More information[text from Why Graduation tri-fold. Picture?]
1 [text from Why Graduation tri-fold. Picture?] BRAC has since inception been at the forefront of poverty alleviation, disaster recovery, and microfinance in Bangladesh and 10 other countries BRAC creates
More informationINTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION
Original: English 9 November 2010 NINETY-NINTH SESSION INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION 2010 Migration and social change Approaches and options for policymakers Page 1 INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION
More informationAKHILESH TRIVEDI PREPAREDNESS OF SMES TOWARDS AEC : A CASE STUDY OF TRAVEL AGENTS IN BANGKOK
AKHILESH TRIVEDI Faculty of Hospitality Industry, Dusit Thani College, Thailand PREPAREDNESS OF SMES TOWARDS AEC : A CASE STUDY OF TRAVEL AGENTS IN BANGKOK Abstract: This paper is a survey research conducted
More informationCONCEPT NOTE AND PROJECT PLAN. GFMD Business Mechanism Duration: February 2016 until January 2017
CONCEPT NOTE AND PROJECT PLAN GFMD Business Mechanism Duration: February 2016 until January 2017 Background and development The 8 th Annual Summit Meeting of the Global Forum on Migration and Development
More informationThank you David (Johnstone) for your warm introduction and for inviting me to talk to your spring Conference on managing land in the public interest.
! 1 of 22 Introduction Thank you David (Johnstone) for your warm introduction and for inviting me to talk to your spring Conference on managing land in the public interest. I m delighted to be able to
More informationNational Society: Implementation Plan Florence Call for Action
(IFRC) National Society: Implementation Plan Florence Call for Action Activities of the Norwegian Red Cross In the field of Migration 1) a) Activity: Psychosocial Support unit The establishment of a psychosocial
More information