A PLAN TO REBUILD AND TO UNITE
Problems Facing Post Civil War America Political re-entry of formerly rebellious states Economic & Physical devastation of the South Education and support of freedmen (former slaves)
Lincoln s Plan Dec. 1863 Second Inaugural Address Sought not to blame, but rather heal With Malice toward none, with charity for all Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction Plan (aka 10% Plan) Pardon all Confederates who took loyalty oath Exceptions If 10% of voters took the oath, statehood would be re-established Major goals: heal, strengthen Republican Party in the South AR, LA, TN, VA accepted under these terms
Results of Lincoln s Death After Lincoln was assassinated by confederate John Wilkes Booth, Andrew Johnson became president. Johnson (new President) believed that White men alone must manage the South. The Black Codes designed to provide cheap labor for White Southerners. Freedmen s Bureau opened and offered schools, health care, and assistance for black children.
John Wilkes Booth Lucy Lambert Hale, Booth s Fiance
David Edgar Herold George Andreas Atzerodt Lewis Thornton Powell John Surratt Mary Surratt
Henry Rathbone An artist's depiction of Lewis Powell's attempted assassination of William H. Seward. Seward's son Frederick W. Seward attempted to intercept Powell, but Secretary of State Seward himself was bedridden from a recent accident and wore a neck brace. was
Samuel Mudd
Johnson s Plan Presidential Reconstruction May 1865 AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TX could be readmitted if Declared secession illegal Swore allegiance to the Union Ratified the 13th Amendment Excluded confederate leaders and wealthy Southern landowners to take oath without presidential permission to break their power. Pardoned 13,000 Confederates Felt Blacks should not gain right to vote Some Southern States did not fully comply (ie. MS, TX) and still allowed back. Viewed as too soft on the South by Radical Republicans, liked by many Southerners (states rights!!!)
Reconstruction Amendments 13- declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." 14- granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, which included former slaves recently freed. 15- granted African American men the right to vote
North vs. South Beliefs North South s fault because they started the war South was guilty for killing North soldiers South should repay the North for cost of war South did not have right to force slavery South Slaves were property North should mind their own business Now the South is being watched over military rule Created vigilante groups such as the KKK.
First Reconstruction Act Divided Confederacy into 5 military districts. Former Confederates were not allowed to vote or hold office. Radical governments formed in Southern states composed of blacks, northern carpetbaggers, and Southern scalawags Carpetbaggers = People from North who took advantage of people from South. Scalawags = people from South who cooperated with the North & took advantage of the South
Time for a New President Johnson Impeached Congress voted to impeach Johnson for high crimes and misdemeanors. By margin of 1 vote, he was not convicted. Johnson finished out his term. Grant became president and inherited many problems. Grant started attacking vigilante groups. Helped Seward purchase Alaska.
IMPEACHED
Almost Impeached
Hayes becomes President Before Hayes could be elected, he had to compromise. Compromise of 1877 Democrats would not block vote of Hayes if: He would remove troops from South Name Southerner to the Cabinet Approve federal money to rebuild South Hayes took oath in secret
Hayes becomes President Hayes intended for his Inaugural Address to soothe the wounds of a nation still scarred from the Civil War. With the phrase: "forever wipe out in our political affairs the color line and the distinction between North and South, to the end that we may have not merely a united North or a united South, but a united country..." Hayes signaled the end of the Reconstruction Era