World History Chapter 25
Renaissance Reformation Age of Exploration Scientific Revolution Enlightenment
The Industrial Revolution starts in England and soon spreads to other countries.
Plentiful natural resources coal, iron, rivers, harbors Stable Government & Expanding Economy Has all needed factors of production land, labor, capital Stable Government & Economy Good Navy & Merchant Marine Island & Good Climate Has Inventor Universities
Geography 1. What one generalization can be made about virtually all of the major industrial areas in Great Britain in 1850?
Geography 2. Which is the only industrial area that is not in a coal producing region?
Geography 3. What was the major industrial activity around Durham in north England?
Charles Dickens
Farmers don t own land they farm To get better yields using Sci. Rev. methods, wealthy landlords push farmers off land and fence it in Known as: ENCLOSURE Movement Out-of-work farmers get jobs laying rails to next city Farmers work in factories once they get there to feed their families
List four factors contributing to industrialization in Britain? 1. 2. 3. Large population of workers Extensive Natural Resources Expanding Economy 4. Political Stability
GETS THE JUMP ON COMPETITION + FORCED TO UNDERGO TRIAL AND ERROR ON MACHINES SLOWLY BUILDS FROM BOTTOM UP + ENCOUNTERS MASSIVE SOCIAL PROBLEMS CONTINENT DOESN T CONTROLS INDUSTRIAL PSYCHIC CLIMATE +
Need for cheap, reliable power forces creation of steam engine 1 st railroad line 1 st steamboat
Workers forced into cramped conditions Sickness widespread; epidemics, like cholera, sweep urban slums Life span in one large city is only 17 years Wealthy merchants, factory owners live in luxurious suburban homes Rapidly growing cities lack: waste disposal, sanitary codes, building codes, police protection, schools, clean air/h2o
Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round Dirty, poorly lit, factories injure workers Many coal miners killed by coal dust Child labor: easy to manage, cheaper to hire, small size helps in fixing machines
Benefits Problems
U.S. has natural and labor, resources needed to industrialize non-industrialized countries fall further behind European nations, U.S., Japan exploit colonies for resources rise of global inequality Europe and U.S. gain economic power African and Asian economies lag, based on agriculture, crafts
Laissez faire Economic idea of government NOT interfering or regulating businesses Adam Smith laissez faire defender of free markets, author of The Wealth of Nations Believed in natural laws of economics : an invisible hand would guide the economy
Adam Smith Economic liberty guarantees economic progress Smith s 3 economic natural laws 1) self-interest 2)competition 3) supply and demand
Capitalism: system of privately owned businesses seeking profits Socialism: factors of production owned by, operated for the people
UTILITARIANISM 1700 s POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY by JEREMY BENTHAM GOV. SHOULD HAVE POLICIES THAT PROMOTE GREATEST GOOD FOR GREATEST # OF PEOPLE JS MILL: UNREGULATED CAPITALISM IS WRONG Womens rights; equal division of profits; reforms of legal, prison, education system
Karl Marx Communist Manifesto 1848 believed society is divided into warring classes Capitalism helps haves (employers) Hurts have-nots, (workers) BOURGEOISIE = MIDDLE CLASS PROLETARIAT = WORKERS
KARL MARX Predicted workers would overthrow the capitalists in a revolution Only proletariat would exist and rule Eventually the State will wither away Workers of the world unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains! From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs The Communist Manifesto did NOT influence the Revolutions of 1848
Karl Marx Communism society where people own, share the means of production Marx s ideas later take root in Russia, China, Cuba Marx s version of communism was NOT a dictatorship. Has never really been tried.
Unions Children Slavery Women (think back to guilds) goals were higher wages, shorter hours, improved conditions U.S. ends child labor, sets maximum hours in 1904 In 1833, reformers help end slavery in British empire Women pursue economic and social rights as early as 1848
UNIONS 8-HOUR WORK DAY 1 ½ PAY FOR OVER 40 HOURS VACATIONS HEALTH BENEFITS PENSIONS SAFER CONDITIONS NO CHILD LABOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING: UNIONS REPRESENTED ALL WORKERS ALL AT ONCE (PAY, WORKING CONDITIONS) STRIKES: IF DEMANDS NOT MET, WORKERS WOULDN T WORK
UNIONS de3 REFORMS HARD FOUGHT TO GET OCCURRED OVER LONG TIME PERIOD ENTERED INTO LAWS WHICH HELPED SOCIETY UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE: RIGHT TO VOTE FOR ALL MEN (ORIGINALLY ONLY LAND-OWNING MEN) CHARTIST MOVEMENT: GIVE WORKERS RIGHT TO VOTE
UNIONS JANE ADDAMS AND HULL HOUSE MOTHER JONES AS TIME PASSED OTHER REFORMS OCCURRED HELPED BY UNIONS: END OF SLAVERY WOMEN S RIGHTS PUBLIC EDUCATION PRISON REFORM