Name: Date: 1. Since World War II, relations between the Soviet Union and the United States have been marked by 3. The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to provide Europe with (1) conflicts where the superpowers supported opposing sides, but did not confront each other directly (2) refusal to negotiate on any issues (3) slow but steady decreases in military forces and armaments (4) reliance on international peace organizations to solve disputes (1) defense military weapons (2) economic aid (3) cultural exchange programs (4) political alliances 4. The general nature of United States foreign policy since 1945 can best be described as 2. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies. I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid.... Harry Truman The recommendation made in this quotation resulted from the United States need to (1) prepare for World War I (2) fight Nazi aggression in 1941 (3) oppose communist expansion during the early post-world War II period (4) justify the withdrawal of United States forces from Korea (1) providing the leadership of the western bloc of nations (2) continuing a policy of expansionism to acquire new colonies (3) remaining firmly committed to isolationism (4) seeking peace at any price 5. The domino theory, popular in the 1950 s and 1960 s, assumed the expansion of (1) South African apartheid into African nations (2) totalitarianism throughout Latin America (3) communism into Southeast Asia (4) Soviet influence into China 6. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Truman Doctrine were attempts to carry out a United States foreign policy of (1) brinksmanship (2) containment (3) appeasement (4) neutrality page 1
7. The Truman Doctrine and the Berlin Airlift were examples of the United States foreign policy of (1) colonialism (2) détente (3) nonalignment (4) containment 8. The major motive of the Truman Doctrine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was to (1) protect the Western Hemisphere from further colonization (2) overthrow the Bolsheviks in the Soviet Union (3) contain the spread of communism in post-world War II Europe (4) encourage summit meetings with the Soviet Union 9. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan represented attempts by the United States to deal with the 11. A common purpose of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the Eisenhower Doctrine was to (1) carry out the United States policy of preventing the spread of communism (2) insure the survival of the newly independent nations of Africa and Asia (3) limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons (4) provide medical aid to Latin American nations 12. What was the main purpose of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the Berlin airlift? (1) controlling Nazism in Europe (2) establishing friendly relations between the United States and the Soviet Union (3) spreading democracy to developing nations (4) limiting soviet expansion (1) national debt (2) spread of communism (3) President s political opposition (4) arms race 10. In the years just after World War II, the United States attempted to prevent the spread of communism in Europe mainly by 13. The Truman Doctrine and the Eisenhower Doctrine were United States foreign policies concerning (1) the international balance of payments (2) the containment of communism (3) worldwide environmental pollution (4) nuclear disarmament (1) taking over the governments of several Western European nations (2) increasing opportunities for political refugees to settle in the United States (3) holding a series of summit meetings with leaders of the Soviet Union (4) establishing policies of economic and military aid for European nations page 2
14. After World War II, some United States foreign policy principles were significantly different from those followed prior to the War. This statement is best supported by a United States post-world War II policy of (1) sending troops to various areas of the world to prevent communist takeovers (2) maintaining friendly relations with Great Britain and France (3) abandoning the Monroe Doctrine in relations with Latin American nations (4) closing military bases around the world to save money for domestic programs 15. One result of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was that the two nations (1) broke all diplomatic ties (2) refused to trade with each other (3) formed competing military alliances (4) clashed over control of the Mediterranean Sea 16. Which foreign policy term would be the most appropriate title for the partial outline below? I. A. Truman Doctrine B. Marshall Plan C. Berlin Blockade D. Korean War (1) Imperialism (2) Appeasement 17. The Marshall Plan (1948) and the Cuban missile crisis (1962) are most closely associated with (1) the establishment of the Peace Corps (2) the creation of the Alliance for Progress (3) United States-Soviet relations during the Cold War (4) an increase in trade between the United States and Cuba 18. Attorney General Palmer Deports 249 Foreigners (1919) Nixon Accuses Alger Hiss of Espionage (1948) Rosenbergs Executed for Treason (1953) Each of these headlines demonstrates that during the 20th century (1) the rights of the accused were expanded (2) membership rose dramatically in groups considered to be subversive (3) censorship was a primary policy of the government (4) fear of communist activities prompted government actions 19. Which statement concerning the black civil rights movement of the 1960 s is accurate? (1) It stimulated the growth of other reform movements. (2) Its leaders failed to use the courts as a means of achieving its goals. (3) White support and participation was rejected from the very beginning of the movement. (4) The movement failed to achieve significant progress. (3) Noninvolvement (4) Containment page 3
20. We will match your capacity to inflict suffering with our capacity to endure suffering.... We will not hate you, but we cannot obey your unjust laws... Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. This quotation most strongly advocates (1) segregation (2) anarchy (3) prohibition (4) civil disobedience 21. An analysis of the civil rights leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., Stokely Carmichael, and Malcolm X would show that each (1) received his greater support from African Americans in the rural South (2) believed in the philosophy of passive resistance (3) rejected help from white civil rights supporters (4) chose a different method to try to achieve racial justice 22. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the excerpt below and on your knowledge of social studies. OLD JIM CROW... It s wrong to hold malice, we know, but there s one thing that s true, from all points of view, All Negroes hate old man Jim Crow... We meet him wherever we go; In all public places, where live both the races, You ll always see Mr. Jim Crow. The Nashville Eye (c. 1900) (adapted) The presence of Mr. Jim Crow In all public places was legally ended by the (1) ratification of the 13th amendment (1865) (2) Supreme Court s ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) (3) establishment of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) (1909) (4) passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 23. The Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Public response to this decision demonstrates that (1) rights protected by the Bill of Rights are interpreted as absolute rights (2) society is often slow to change as a result of Supreme Court decisions (3) most African Americans believe that the Court should have followed the precedents established in prior decisions (4) the Supreme Court has become the least influential branch of government page 4
24. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Brown v. Board of Education The effect of this Supreme Court ruling was to (1) establish affirmative action programs in higher education (2) require the integration of public schools (3) desegregate the armed forces and the military academies (4) force states to spend an equal amount on each public school student 27. What was the significance of the use of Federal marshals to protect African-American students in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957? (1) It was the first time martial law had been declared in the United States. (2) It led to Federal takeover of many Southern public schools. (3) It strengthened control of education by state governments. (4) It showed that the Federal Government would enforce court decisions on integration. 25. President Harry Truman advanced the cause of civil rights for African Americans by (1) ordering the desegregation of the Armed Forces (2) appointing the first African American to the Supreme Court (3) supporting the ratification of the 14th and 15th amendments (4) establishing affirmative action policies for industry 26. The main reason the Voting Rights Act of 1965 removed the literacy test as a voting qualification was that (1) different standards of literacy had been applied to different groups of voters (2) a majority of voters were unable to read election ballots (3) technology had made voter literacy unnecessary (4) the cost of achieving literacy was too high page 5
28. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the poem above and on your knowledge of social studies. I, Too, Sing America I, too, sing America. I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes. But I laugh. And eat well. And grow strong. Tomorrow, I ll sit at the table When company comes. Nobody ll dare Say to me, Eat in the kitchen. Then. Besides, They ll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed I, too, am America. Langston Hughes, 1926 This poem was a literary contribution from the (1) abolitionist movement (2) Progressive Era (3) Prohibition movement 29. Filibusters were used by United States Senators from the South in the 1950s and 1960s to (1) block passage of civil rights bills (2) protest United States involvement in Vietnam (3) override presidential vetoes of environmental bills (4) gain approval of presidential appointments to the Supreme Court 30. One similarity in the Supreme Court decisions in Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona is that both decisions (1) expanded the rights of the accused (2) improved the ability of the police to gather evidence (3) lengthened sentences for violent felony offenses (4) set limits on the use of the death penalty 31. A major goal of President Lyndon Johnson s Great Society program was to (1) control economic inflation (2) end poverty in the United States (3) repeal several New Deal social programs (4) return responsibility for welfare programs to the states (4) Harlem Renaissance page 6
32. The Equal Pay Act, the Title IX education amendment, and the proposed Equal Rights amendment (ERA) were primarily efforts to improve the status of (1) African Americans (2) Native American Indians (3) migrant workers (4) women 33. Frequently the United Nations has not been able to resolve international disputes because (1) there are too many countries represented at the United Nations (2) lack of funds has seriously curtailed peace-keeping efforts (3) the most powerful countries are not members of the United Nations (4) the most powerful members often disagree on fundamental issues 34. United States participation in the Washington Conference (1921), in the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), and in the SALT talks of the 1970 s is evidence that the United States (1) has followed a free trade policy for most of the 20th century (2) relies on military alliances for defense against aggression 35. President Theodore Roosevelt s Treaty at Portsmouth, President Woodrow Wilson s Fourteen Points, and President Jimmy Carter s Camp David accords were United States actions that contributed to (1) international trade (2) world peace (3) improved environmental standards (4) effective communication networks 36. A major achievement of President Jimmy Carter was (1) the worldwide acceptance of his human rights policy (2) the balancing of the Federal budget (3) his handling of international terrorist incidents (4) the signing of the Camp David peace accords 37. The Peace Corps was established by President John F. Kennedy in an effort to provide (1) support to developing nations of the world (2) job training for the unemployed (3) markets for consumer goods (4) teachers for inner-city areas (3) has been willing to cooperate with other nations to reduce world tensions (4) believes that cultural exchange programs are a way to promote international understanding page 7
38. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) have encouraged countries to (1) participate in the global economy (2) create a uniform international currency (3) accept similar wage and price controls (4) regulate multinational corporations 39. Security Council Approves Use of Force Against Communist Invaders President Truman Fires General MacArthur Armistice Divides Nation at 38th Parallel These headlines refer to which international conflict? (1) World War I (2) World War II (3) Korean War (4) Persian Gulf War 40. During the administration of President Richard Nixon, United States policy toward China was characterized by 41. United States foreign policy toward the Soviet Union during the 1970 s was designed mainly to (1) match Soviet Union economic aid to Eastern European nations (2) address the question of neutrality rights for navigation in the Persian Gulf (3) forge a joint peace resolution leading to successful Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan (4) shift relations from the confrontation of the cold-war era to negotiations in an era of better understanding 42. A major reason for the ending of the Cold War Era was that (1) the Soviet Union was seriously weakened by internal conflict and economic difficulties (2) the United States and the Soviet Union were unable to destroy one another (3) the Berlin wall fell and Germany was reunited (4) a recession forced the United States to cut military spending (1) repeated attempts to introduce democratic principles to Chinese elections (2) increasing hostility and isolation (3) signing of a mutual defense pact (4) a relaxation of strained relations 43. Which presidential action best represents the policy of détente? (1) John F. Kennedy s order for the Bay of Pigs invasion against Cuba (2) Lyndon B. Johnson s escalation of the Vietnam War (3) Richard Nixon s Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT) with the Soviet Union (4) George Bush s military action to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait page 8
44. The policy of détente was used by President Richard Nixon in an effort to (1) decrease tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States (2) improve relations with Latin America (3) promote democratic government in China (4) create stronger ties with Western Europe 45. The beginning of the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe is most closely associated with the (1) fall of the Berlin Wall (2) admission of Warsaw Pact nations to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (3) intervention of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Yugoslavia (4) formation of the European Union 48. The first disagreements between the United States and the Soviet Union after the defeat of Germany in World War II occurred as a result of the (1) failure of the Soviet Union to withdraw from Eastern Europe (2) Cuban missile crisis (3) Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (4) takeover of China by the Communists 49. Which conclusion is most accurate based on the United States experience in the Vietnam War? (1) War is the only way to contain communism (2) Superior military technology does not guarantee victory (3) Unpopular Presidents are frequently impeached (4) Public opinion does not affect national policy 46. The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT), signed by President Richard Nixon with the Soviet Union, was an effort to advance the foreign policy of (1) détente (2) imperialism (3) brinkmanship (4) globalization 47. United States actions in the Vietnam War demonstrated that (1) the domino theory is an effective military tactic 50. A similarity between the Red Scare of the 1920 s and McCartyism in the 1950 s was that during each period (1) thousands of American citizens were expelled from the United States (2) the Communist Party gained many members in the United States (3) many government employees were convicted of giving secrets to the Soviet Union (4) the civil liberties of American citizens were threatened (2) military policy in a democracy is affected by popular opinion (3) advanced technology ensures victory (4) limited use of tactical nuclear weapons can be successful page 9
51. The Red Scare in 1919 and McCarthyism in the 1950 s illustrate that (1) fear of communism in the United States has led to violations of civil rights (2) Nazi agents successfully penetrated the Federal Government (3) freedom of expression is an unalienable and absolute right (4) open immigration policies are encouraged in times of crisis 52. Which statement about the Cuban missile crisis (1962) is most accurate? (1) The crisis showed that the United States and the Soviet Union could agree on total disarmament. (2) The crisis brought the two major world powers very close to war. (3) The United States wanted to establish missile sites in Cuban territory. (4) The Communist government in Cuba was overthrown. 53. In the 1950 s, Senator Joseph McCarthy was most closely associated with issues related to (1) Communist infiltration and the denial of civil liberties (2) farm problems and taxation (3) military preparedness and foreign aid (4) collective bargaining and the rights of unions 54. I suppose that history will remember my term of office as the years when the cold war began to overshadow our lives. I have hardly had a day in office that has not been dominated by this all-embracing struggle... and always in the background there has been the atomic bomb. This quotation best reflects the Presidential administration of (1) Franklin D. Roosevelt (2) Harry Truman (3) Richard Nixon (4) George Bush 55. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, United States intervention in Latin America was motivated by the United States desire to (1) protect its growing investments in Latin America (2) encourage Latin American trade with Europe (3) end Latin American independence movements (4) reduce the influence of communism in Latin America 56. President John F. Kennedy s most significant foregin policy failure involved the (1) invasion at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba (2) development of the Peace Corps (3) signing of a nuclear test-ban treaty (4) sending of troops to Berlin page 10
57. Sputnik Launch Propels Soviets Ahead in Space Race In 1957, the United States government responded to the event described in this headline by 59. Base your answer to the following question on the photograph below and on your knowledge of social studies. (1) reducing military spending (2) building a joint space station with the Soviet Union (3) constructing President Ronald Reagan s Star Wars defense system (4) providing funds to improve the educational system in the United States 58. The Palmer raids following World War I and the McCarthy hearings during the Korean War were similar in that they were caused by fear of (1) new military weapons (2) foreign invasions of the United States (3) communist influence in the United States (4) economic depression The protestors in the photograph are expressing their hatred for (1) fascists (2) communists (3) immigrants (4) police officers page 11
60. The 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion and the 1962 missile crisis are conflicts directly related to United States relations with which two nations? (1) the Dominican Republic and Haiti (2) Cuba and the Soviet Union (3) China and Japan (4) North Korea and South Korea page 12
Acces format version 4.4.158 c 1997 2011 EducAide Software Licensed for use by Problem-Attic Cold War Era Review Packet 01/16/2013 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39.
Teacher s Key Page 2 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.