Level 1 NEW GOVERNMENT IN OPERATION ESTABLISHING STABILITY

Level 1 NEW GOVERNMENT IN OPERATION ESTABLISHING STABILITY

Vocabulary Precedent: an act that results in a tradition Economics: science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services Excise Tax: sales tax Neutrality: not getting involved in an event Naturalization: becoming a citizen Alien: a foreign born person living in a country Sedition: treason Political parties: groups of people who share the same political goal and try to get each other elected Judicial Review: a Supreme Court assumed responsibility to make sure the laws and acts of the government follow the Constitution Commerce: trade Embargo: ban on exports

Essential Questions What political and economic issues did the new nation confront under the Constitution? How did perspectives differ on the new nation s viability under the Constitution?

Washington as President Precedent: rule or decision that serves as a guide for future actions or decisions President s Cabinet 2 terms Title Mr. President Farewell Address spoke of keeping economic ties with Europe but neutrality in politics

Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury The Economic Plan: Establishing Stability: Hamilton s Economic Plan 1. Repayment of foreign debts 2. Federal Assumption of State Debts: Gained Southern support by making a deal to locate the national capital in Washington D.C. Excise Taxes: Tax on Whiskey to repay debt Making a National Bank to deposit and issue money.

Establishing Stability: Whiskey Rebellion Armed revolt in 1792 in PA and VA protesting a federal excise tax on whiskey Put down by federal troops under Washington, who pardoned most participants

Establishing Stability: Preserving Neutrality

Establishing Stability: French Revolution

Establishing Stability: Citizen Genet Affair

Establishing Stability: Jay Treaty

Establishing Stability: XYZ Affair Background: France was mad about the Jay Treaty. France took back the commercial treaty with the US and refused to see the American minister, Pinckney. They took American ships. John Adams, sent 3 representatives to France 3 Frenchmen demanded: $250,000 to the French foreign minister loan of ten million dollars in order to start negotiations with the French government After Napoleon took over France a new treaty was made.

Establishing Stability: Alien and Sedition Acts Why? Rumors of French invasion and spies in US #1. Naturalization Act: aliens had to live in the US for 14 instead of 5 years to apply for citizenship #2. Alien Act: gave the President power to deport aliens "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States" during peacetime #3. Alien Enemies Act: allowed wartime arrest, imprisonment and deportation of any alien that was a citizen of a country the US was at war with #4. Sedition Act: any treasonable activity, including the publication of "any false, scandalous and malicious writing," was a crime punishable by a fine and prison.

Establishing Stability: Political Parties

Establishing Stability: Election of 1800 Election of 1800: Jefferson and Aaron Burr both received 73 votes for President and Vice President, John Adams received 65 Election went to the House of Representatives Jefferson was elected President

Establishing Stability: Judicial Review Definition: The power of the Supreme Court to stop acts of Congress that are found to be against the Constitution Marbury v. Madison (1803): Adams created several new judiciary positions and put in Federalist supporters. Jefferson and his secretary of state, James Madison, refused to keep the appointments of these midnight justices. Chief Justice John Marshall declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional and established the idea of Judicial Review of acts of Congress

Challenges to Stability: Trade French and English trade barriers Both Britain and France took American trade ships and goods supplying the other Britain took American sailors claiming they were deserters from the British fleet Embargo Act: (1807 Jefferson) banned all exports to other countries because of the British seizer of the USS Chesapeake Caused a depression (downturn in economics) in the United States Non-Intercourse Act: (1809 Jefferson) replaced the Embargo Act Opened trade with all nations except France and England

Challenges to Stability: War of 1812 War of 1812: second war for Independence The War Hawks wanted a war against Britain because: Britain s impressments of U.S. sailors seizure of American ships and cargos refusal to withdraw troops from the Louisiana Territory Hoped to win Canada and perhaps even Florida Treaty of Ghent was signed with neither party gaining anything Battle of New Orleans: fought 2 weeks after the signing of the treaty was a decisive win by Jackson. It gave Americans confidence. To Americans, the battle proved once and for all that the United States was an independent nation, not just a rogue colony. For this reason, many historians call the War of 1812 as America s second war for independence.

Essential Questions What political and economic issues did the new nation confront under the Constitution? How did perspectives differ on the new nation s viability under the Constitution?