Report Vulnerability Assessment in the Four UMNs s in Ukhiya and Upazilla under Cox's Bazar District Submitted to: International Organization for Migration (IOM) Submitted by: The Nielsen Company (Bangladesh) Limited October 04, 2017 1
October 04, 2017 IOM Cox s Bazar International Organization for Migration (IOM) Parjatan Luxury Cottage (1 3) Cox s Bazar, Bangladesh Subject: Report on Vulnerability Assessment in the Four UMNs s in Ukhiya and Upazilla under Cox's Bazar District Dear Sir/Madam: Please find the report on Vulnerability Assessment in the Four UMNs s in Ukhiya and Upazilla under Cox's Bazar District. We would like to thank you for providing us with the opportunity to submit the report. Should you have any queries, please feel free to contact us. Yours sincerely, Rafeya Azad Manager The Nielsen Company (Bangladesh) Limited 1
Table of Contents 1 Introduction... 1 1.1 Background/Context of the Programme 1 1.2 Objectives of the Assessment 1 2. Methodology... 2 2.1 Study Areas 2 2.2 Target Respondents 2 2.3 Approach and Methodology 2 2.4 Qualitative Technique 3 3 Findings... 4 3.1 Demographic Information 4 3.2 Livelihood and Food Security 6 3.2.1 Household assets... 6 3.2.2 Having at least 2 meals a day... 7 3.2.3 Having adequate quantity/quality of food... 8 3.2.4 No. of earning members... 8 3.2.5 HH main source of income... 9 3.2.6 HH minors earning money... 10 3.3 Vulnerability Assessment 10 3.3.1 Types of Vulnerability... 10 3.3.2 Needs... 12 3.3.3 Level of vulnerability... 13 4 Findings (Qualitative)... Errore. Il segnalibro non è definito. 5 Conclusions & Recommendations... 14 List of Annexure Annex A: Tables Annex B: Questionnaire 2
Executive Summary The Vulnerability Assessment in the Four UMNs s in Ukhiya and Upazilla under Cox's Bazar District was carried out collected from 26 August to 30 August, 2017 to assess the vulnerabilities faced by the UMNs in 4 particular areas where they are residing, to understand their needs as articulated by them and to gauge the level of risks they are in. The study was conducted in 3 makeshift settlements, and and in through a sample survey of a total 1068 respondents. A total of 4 of focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with male and female UMNs in the same areas. Demographic Information A total of 534 male and 534 female respondents were interviewed to understand the types of vulnerabilities faced by them. The mean age of the study participants was 31 years. Majority of the population (94% and less) was found to be married at the time of survey. The average month of stay was 78 months for all respondent - lowest in (12 months) and highest in (165 months). Livelihood and Food Security Very low proportion of respondents were found to have any tangible assets, such as animals, vehicles and agricultural land. However, majority of them had at least one person who were involved in income generating activities (ranging from 89 percent to 100 percent in the study sites). Again, 11 percent in, 8 percent in and 1 percent in had none of the household mentioned. In terms of having 2 meals a day, majority of the respondents could afford at least 2 meals a day - (98%), (93%) and (89%). However this proportion was low in (68%). Most of the respondents perceived that the food they have was not adequate in quality/quantity. Most of the respondents had only 1 earning member in their household this proportion was higher in (94%) and (92%) than in (87%) and (85%). Overall, the average monthly household income BDT 2720 across the study sites. Respondents in (BDT 3636) and (BDT 3257) reported to have more household income per month compared to their counterparts in (BDT 2607) (BDT 2532). For majority of the respondents (ranging from 83 percent to 89 percent), their children were not involved in earning money. Vulnerability Assessment Almost three-fifths of the total household members of the respondents (59%) had some serious medical condition. Around 38 percent of those household members were identified to be in need of specific legal and physical condition. The major needs as addresses by the respondents were mostly focused on food (59%), health care services that includes treatment and vaccines (47%), education/vocational education (14%), accommodation (5%) and legal assistance (4%). Around 20 percent of the household members were identified as potential victims of trafficking this proportion was highest in (43%) than the 3 makeshift settlements (21% and less). Children at risk was again highest in (33%) followed by (24%). Out of the total 5253 household members of the 1068 respondents, almost one-fourth of the respondents (24%) was found to be in high risk, more than half them in medium risk (51%) and one-fourth (25%) fell in the category of low risk during the time of the survey. i
1 Introduction 1.1 Background/Context of the Programme Bangladesh has been a host to thousands of Myanmar nationals escaping state-sponsored persecution for decades. According to Needs and Population Monitoring (NPM), the number UMNs before October, 2016 was more than 300,000. Following an outbreak of violence on 9 October 2016 in the Northern Rakhine State of Myanmar, approximately 80,000 UMNs fled to Bangladesh. The influx slowed in February, 2017. Then again, fresh violence relaunched in Myanmar from July, 2017 and a massive influx started in late August 2017 adding 429,308 more UMNs in the list of population till date 1. These displaced groups are at risk of malnutrition, disease, gender-based and other violence and in dire need of humanitarian assistance 2. Many of these people have a precarious existence with inadequate food intake and diet diversification, or access to health care. Without legal status they are also unable to pursue education and formal employment opportunities, and remain vulnerable to exploitation and serious protection risks 3. Refugees, asylumseekers, stateless persons, irregular migrants and other non-nationals without legal status can experience a broad range of vulnerabilities and thus, require special care and protection based on the vulnerabilities faced by them 4. IOM has been mandated by the Government of Bangladesh to coordinate the humanitarian aid to the Undocumented Myanmar Nationals (UMNs) living in four makeshift settlements in Cox s Bazar District in Bangladesh. In order to better respond to the needs of UMNs, especially the needs of disadvantaged groups like women headed households, elderly, disabled or victims of violence, IOM launched vulnerability assessment. The types of vulnerabilities faced by a group can be multifaceted and dynamic and it may vary based on where they are residing. While conducting the study, our major focus was to identify the group based on their gender, age, health, disability, family reunion and social and legal protection. To understand the current situation of human trafficking, the study focused on both those who have been victims of trafficking and those who are at risk of human trafficking based on their socio-economic condition. This study that focuses on identifying the vulnerabilities faced by the UMNs which was conducted from August 26, 2017 to August 30, 2017 only includes those who were residing in the settlement areas before the recent exodus. 1.2 Objectives of the Assessment The overall objectives of vulnerability assessment was as follows - To identify vulnerable groups in 4 UMNs makeshift settlements in Cox s Bazar District - To understand their needs The assessment was designed to inform on making appropriate services and assistance available for them. 1 PRELIMINARY FINDINGS, NPM Needs and Population Monitoring, Undocumented Myanmar Nationals (UMNs) Bangladesh, Available at https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/dtm/myanmar_dtm_20170921.pdf 2 Undocumented Myanmar Nationals in Bangladesh Border Camps Need Increased Protection, Humanitarian Aid: IOM, Available at https://www.iom.int/news/undocumented-myanmar-nationals-bangladesh-bordercamps-need-increased-protection-humanitarian 3 The Rohingya Crisis Echo Factsheet, Available at http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/countries/factsheets/rohingya_en.pdf 4 Identifying and addressing vulnerability: a tool for asylum and migration systems, UNHCR and IDC, 2016, Available at http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/57f21f6b4.pdf
2. Methodology 2.1 Study Areas The study sites consisted of 3 makeshift settlements and 1 host village in Ukhiya and upazilas under Cox s Bazar district. Types of study site (MS) Host Village (HV) Areas 1. 2. 3. 1., 2.2 Target Respondents To achieve the assessment objectives mentioned, the required data will be collected from the following target respondents using Face-to-face Interview techniques - Undocumented Myanmar Nationals (UMN) in the 4 makeshift settlements 2.3 Approach and Methodology Face-to-face Survey Based on the understanding of the ToR, Nielsen proposed the following methodology for this study: The study aimed to do the mapping of vulnerable groups within the four makeshift settlements of the UMNs in Cox s Bazar. The face-to-face survey was used to identify vulnerable groups and vulnerabilities faced by them within the makeshift settlements. As informed by IOM Bangladesh, out of 3-5 lac UMNs in Cox s Bazar, the following number of UMNs are staying in the targeted makeshift settlements Study Areas Number of UMNs, 75,000 Ukhyia, 17,000, 15,000, 8,755 *Source: IOM The sample size for the vulnerability assessment was calculated using the following formula: n p(1 p) Z e 2 2 Deff Where, n= required sample size p= Estimated value of the parameter = 50% e= Permissible Margin of error=5% z= 1.96 which corresponds to the 90% confidence level Deff (Design Effect) = 1.0
Taking 50% as P value, with permissible margin of error- e set at 5%, z at 1.64 (considering 95% confidence level) and Design Effect at 1, the maximum sample size was estimated as 267 that could provide significant result for the target groups separately. Therefore the proposed sample size for the four settlements was 1,068. 2.4 Qualitative Technique For qualitative part, respondents were selected following purposive sampling technique. The tentative study participants and sample size is given below: Tools/Techniques Respondents Sample FGD Women UMNs (Adult) 2 Male UMNs (Adult) 2 FGDs 4
3 Findings For the Vulnerability Assessment, both qualitative and quantitative surveys were conducted among the makeshift settlement respondents. For quantitative survey, a total of 1068 UMNs were interviewed from their residential areas (four makeshift settlements in Cox s Bazar district), comprising of both males and females of equal proportion. Further, of the 1068 respondents, 692 respondents were from, 138 respondents from, 157 respondents from and 81 respondents were from. 3.1 Demographic Information Age of the Respondents The quantitative survey was conducted among 1068 UMNs, who were 15 years and more. Typically the respondents were of mid-age (average age 31 years). Overall, more than one-fifth (23%) respondents were in the age group of 21-25 years and another one-fifth (20%) in the 26-30 years range. The proportion varied little across the makeshift settlement areas. Age of the respondents Table 1: Age of the Respondents, by location (%) Ukhiya s s Overall Respondents 15 to 20 Yrs. 15 11 14 14 14 21 to 25 Yrs. 24 22 22 25 23 26 to 30 Yrs. 20 19 22 27 20 31 to 35 Yrs. 15 17 14 11 15 36 to 40 Yrs. 11 10 18 11 12 41 to 45 Yrs. 9 10 4 7 8 46 and above Yrs. 7 11 6 5 7 Mean 31 32 31 30 31 Marital Status Most of the respondent s interviewed were found to be currently married (94% and less). The proportion of respondents who were never married was 7 percent in which is comparatively higher than other settlement areas (4%), (2%) and (1%). The other marital status of the respondents were divorced/separated (6% and less) and widowed/widower (5% and less).
Figure 1: Marital Status, by location % Never married Married Divorced Separated Widowed/Widower 88 94 91 88 4 7 0 3 5 6 1 0 2 3 0 0 1 3 4 0 Length of Stay in Bangladesh The respondents were asked how long they were staying in Bangladesh. The average year of stay was 6.5 years for all respondent - lowest in (1 year) and highest in (14 years). Figure 2: Average years of stay in Bangladesh, by location % 14 11 6 6.5 1 total
A closer look at each of the settlement areas reveals that the proportion of respondents who were staying in Bangladesh for one year or less was highest in (97%) which is higher than any other study areas (39%), (11%) and (5%). And the proportion of respondents who were staying for 121 months or above was highest in (58%) than (44%), (9%) and (1%). In, almost two-thirds of the respondents (39%) interviewed were staying there for 1 year or less, 26 percent for 13-119 months and 26 percent for 120 months. In, as already stated, most of the respondents (97%) were staying for 1 year or less. Figure 3: Length of stay in Bangladesh, by location % Upto 6 Months 7 to 12 Months 13 to 119 Months 120 Months 121 and above Months 73 58 44 32 26 26 24 36 22 7 9 2 1 1 6 5 9 4 1 15 Ukhiya 3.2 Livelihood and Food Security 3.2.1 Household assets To understand the types of household assets the respondents have, a list of household assets were read out to them and asked whether they have any of those items in their household. The responses from the UMNs revealed that most of them has a person who were involved in any income generating activity (100 percent or less). None of the respondents in and had any vehicle in their possession, whereas a handful (1%) reported to have the same. The proportion of respondents who had animals was also very low across the study areas (4% and less). In terms of agricultural land, only the respondents in (12%) and (2%) admitted to have access. The respondents in and reported to have no access to agricultural land. The respondents who said that they had none of the household assets was higher in (11%) and (8%) than (1%). All respondents in has at least one of the household assets mentioned.
Figure 4: Household assets, by location % Vehicles Person who involved in any IGA Animal Access to agricultural land None 92 89 99 100 12 8 11 0 1 2 0 1 1 2 1 4 0 0 1 0 Ukhiya 3.2.2 Having at least 2 meals a day The proportion of respondents who had at least 2 meals a day was lowest in (68%). This proportion was highest in (98%) followed by (93%) and (89%). Figure 5: Having at least 2 meals a day, by location % Yes No 89 93 98 68 33 11 7 3
3.2.3 Having adequate quantity/quality of food Overall, most of the respondents reported that they did not have quality/quantity of food. The proportion of respondents who said that the food was inadequate in terms of quality/quantity was comparatively higher in (89%) and (89%) than in (80%) and (77%). Figure 6: Having adequate quantity/quality of food Yes No 89 80 89 77 11 20 11 24 3.2.4 No. of earning members Most of the respondents had only 1 earning member in their household this proportion was higher in (94%) and (92%) than in (87%) and (85%). The proportion of respondents with 2 and above persons who earn is 7 percent and less this data varied little across the study areas. However, proportion of respondents who had no earning member (12%) was found in than in (9%) and (1%). All respondents in admitted to have 1 or more earning members in their households. Figure 7: No of earning members, by location % No earning member 1 Person 2 and above persons 87 85 92 9 12 5 4 1 7
3.2.5 HH main source of income After enquiring on the persons involved in earning money, the respondents were asked about their monthly household income from different sources and subsequently their main source of income. Table 2: Monthly household income, by location % Ukhiya Monthly household income No Income 7.9 9.6 1.4-6.7 500 to 2000 Tk 48.4 45.8 39.1 23.5 44.9 2001 to 3000 Tk 24.1 19.1 18.8 22.2 22.6 3001 to 5000 TK 11.1 9.6 29.7 43.2 15.7 5001 and above Tk 8.4 15.9 10.9 11.1 10.0 Average 2532 2607 3257 3636 2720 Overall, the average monthly household income BDT 2720 across the study sites. Respondents in (BDT 3636) and (BDT 3257) reported to have more household income per month compared to their counterparts in (BDT 2607) (BDT 2532). All of the respondents in were involved in any income generating activities. The proportion of respondents who had no monthly household income was higher in 10% followed by (8%) and (1%). Close to half of the respondents in (48%) and (46%) earn between BDT 500 2000. More than two-thirds of the respondents n (43%) and 3 out of 10 respondents in (30%) in fall in the income range of BDT 3001-5000. However, the proportion of respondents who earn BDT 5001 and above is relatively higher in (16%) than other areas (11% and less). Source of Income Table 3: Source of Income, by location % Ukhiya Do not have any income in HH 7.9 9.6 1.4-6.7 Day labor 67.3 72.6 76.1 19.8 65.6 Small trade 4.9 3.2 10.9 8.6 5.7 Service holder 3.0 2.5 2.2 1.2 2.7 Agricultural labor 2.0 3.2 1.4 50.6 5.8 Unskilled labor 2.9 1.9 3.6 6.2 3.1 Domestic Work 5.2 0.6 0.7 4.9 3.9 Skilled labor 1.9 2.5 2.2 6.2 2.3 Others (Islamic cleric, begging, camp leader, expatriate, 4.8 3.8 1.4 2.5 4.0 chopping wood, kaviraj
The major source of income varied in the three makeshift settlement areas and. Majority of the respondents in (76%), (73%) and (67%) were reportedly involved in day labor as main source of income, whereas half of the respondents in (51%) were engaged in agricultural labor for their major income source. Again, 20 percent respondents also mentioned day labor as their main source of income whereas 3 percent and less respondents mentioned agricultural labor as their major income source. Dependence on small trade as the main source of income was found more prevalent in (11%) and (9%) than in (5%) and (3%). And domestic work was identified as major source to earn money in relatively more households in (5%) and (5%) than and (1 percent each). 3.2.6 HH minors earning money To understand whether children of the UMNs are involved in any income generating activities, the respondents who had family members aged less than 18 years were asked if those children were earning money. Out of 1068 families, 1010 respondents had family members who were less than 18 years of age. For majority of the respondents (ranging from 83 percent to 89 percent), their children were not involved in earning money. However, proportion of respondents who reported that the child in the family is engaged in earning money was comparatively higher in (12%) and (11%) than (8%) and (6%). Figure 8: Minors involved in earning money, by location % Yes No Not applicable 83 89 88 83 11 12 6 6 5 8 4 5 3.3 Vulnerability Assessment To assess the types of vulnerability faced by the UMNs in the four study areas, the respondents were enquired on a number of risks. 3.3.1 Types of Vulnerability Almost three-fifths of the total household members of the respondents (59%) had some serious medical condition. This proportion was highest in (71%) followed by (59%), (52%) and (51%). Around 38 percent of those household members were identified to be in need of specific legal and physical condition.
Such persons in need of legal and physical protection was highest in (51%) followed by (40%) and (38%). Such protection needs were felt less by the UMNs in (24%). Around 20 percent of the household members were identified as potential victims of trafficking this proportion was highest in (43%) than the 3 makeshift settlements (21% and less). Children at risk was again highest in (33%) followed by (24%). The proportion of household members of the respondents with this vulnerability was lower in (14%) and (11%). A meagre proportion the household members were found to be disabled (4%), women at risk (4%) and victims of trafficking (1%). Figure 9: Types of vulnerability, by location % Serious medical condition Potential Victims of Trafficking Specific legal and physical protection needs Child at risk 71 59 38 24 18 14 16 11 51 51 52 24 21 40 43 33 Ukhiya Figure 10: Type of vulnerability (total) % 59 38 20 16 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 0 Serious medical condition Specific legal and physical protection needs Potential Child at risk Disability Woman at Victims of risk Trafficking Older person at risk Victims of Trafficking Torture Family unity SGBV Single parent or caregiver
3.3.2 Needs Upon enquiring on the types of vulnerability faced by the respondents, they were further asked the types needs they have. The responses were spontaneous and reflects their needs as articulated by them. The major needs as addresses by the respondents were mostly focused on food (59%) and health care services that includes treatment and vaccines (47%). Food was mentioned by more respondents in (67%), (62%0 and (60%) than (46%). The proportion of respondents who reported to need health care services was lower in (37%) whereas around half of the respondents asked for the same in the 3 makeshift settlements (ranging from 45 percent to 55 percent). Around 14 percent of them mentioned education/vocational education and 5 percent stated accommodation that are needed by them. The proportion of people who said they would need legal assistance was 4 percent this proportion was higher in (8%) and (6%) than in and 95 percent each). Needs as articulated by respondents Table 4: Needs of the respondents, by location % Overall Respondents Food 60.3 46.3 67.2 62 59.4 Health care services (treatment, 46.5 55.3 45.3 37.3 46.9 vaccines etc.) Education/Vocation al education 12.3 11.1 20.7 16.2 13.6 Accommodation /house 4.8 4.5 4.7 7.2 4.9 Legal assistance 3.2 7.6 2.3 6.4 3.9 Basic needs (includes food, accommodation, 3.9 1.9 2.1 3.9 3.3 health, cloth and education) Others 3 2.2 0.3 11.3 3.1 Employment 2.6 0.4 3.2 4.9 2.6 Security 1 0.8 2.2 1 1.1 Family reunion 0.6 0.1-1 0.5 Rehabilitation 0.4 - - 0.8 0.3 Incentive to initiate small business 0.2 - - - 0.2 Support for the disabled 0.2 0.5-0.3 0.2 N 3375 736 729 389 5229
3.3.3 Level of vulnerability Out of the total 5253 household members of the 1068 respondents, almost one-fourth of the respondents (24%) was found to be in high risk, more than half them in medium risk (51%) and one-fourth (25%) fell in the category of low risk during the time of the survey. More proportion of the household members of the respondents were reported to be in high risk in (32%) than in other areas (27%), (25%) and (13%). Figure 11: Types of risks, by location % High Medium Low 61 63 48 25 27 27 25 32 35 33 12 13 Ukhiya
4. Conclusions & Recommendations The study revealed a need for further follow-up assessment and development of an intervention plan to reach the people living in vulnerability. Significant vulnerability was evident with a total 24% living in high risk and 51% in medium risk for different vulnerabilities. The major vulnerabilities identified were - Serious medical condition (59%), specific legal and physical protection needs (38%), and persons at risk of trafficking (20%) and children at risk (16%). And the major needs of the respondent were food (59%), health care services (47%), education (14%) and accommodation (5%). It should be noted that not all respondents in the study areas admitted to having 2 meals a day and the proportion of respondents who said that the food was not adequate in terms of quality/quantity was comparatively also high - (89%), (89%), (80%) and (77%). This describes the reason the respondents articulated food as their major needs. And with almost three-fifths of the respondents (59%) having serious medical condition, the second major need as articulated by the respondents was health care services. Our recommendation, in this context, would be to strengthen the service provision in terms providing food and health care services to the UMNs in the areas. Although 38 percent respondents were identified with specific legal and physical protection needs, only 4 percent mentioned legal assistance as their needs. Awareness raising in terms of the types of legal assistance available to them and campaign strategy to encourage them to avail those services is recommended.
Annex A: Tables
Q1. Sex of the respondent Male 50.0 49.7 50.0 50.6 50.0 Female 50.0 50.3 50.0 49.4 50.0 Q2. What is your age? Upto 20 Yrs 14.6 10.8 14.5 13.6 14.0 21 to 25 Yrs 24.0 21.7 21.7 24.7 23.4 26 to 30 Yrs 19.7 19.1 21.7 27.2 20.4 31 to 35 Yrs 14.9 17.2 13.8 11.1 14.8 36 to 40 Yrs 11.1 10.2 18.1 11.1 11.9 41 to 45 Yrs 8.8 9.6 4.3 7.4 8.2 46 and above Yrs 6.9 11.5 5.8 4.9 7.3 Mean 31 32 31 30 31 Q3. What is your marital status? Never married 3.9 1.3 7.2 2.5 3.8 Married 88.0 94.3 91.3 87.7 89.3 Divorced 0.4 - - - 0.3 Separated 2.6 1.9-6.2 2.4 Widowed/Widower 5.1 2.5 1.4 3.7 4.1 Q4. How long have you been living in Bangladesh? Upto 6 Months 6.6 23.6 5.8 3.7 8.8 7 to 12 Months 32.4 72.6 5.1 1.2 32.4 13 to 119 Months 26.2 1.9 8.7 22.2 20.0 120 Months 25.9 0.6 36.2 14.8 22.7 121 and above Months 9.0 1.3 44.2 58.0 16.1 Mean 71 12 134 165 78
Q5_ROOF. Structure of the Roof of the shelter? Polythene/ Poly/Plastic 77.0 82.2 87.7 55.6 77.5 Triple 22.1 17.8 12.3 11.1 19.4 Straw 0.6 - - 27.2 2.4 Tin 0.3 - - 6.2 0.7 Q5_WALL. Structure of the Wall of the shelter? Clay 54.5 1.9 1.4-35.8 Sack 4.5 1.3 0.7-3.2 Polythene/ Poly/Plastic 35.1 64.3 5.8 40.7 36.0 Fence / bamboo fence / bamboo 4.0 31.8 84.8 43.2 21.5 Triple 0.7 0.6-1.2 0.7 Tin 1.2-7.2 14.8 2.8 Q6. Please tell me if any of these items are in your household Vehicles 0.1-0.7 1.2 0.3 A person who are involved in any income 91.5 88.5 98.6 100.0 92.6 generating activity Animal 1.0 0.6 2.2 3.7 1.3 Access to agricultural land 2.3 - - 12.3 2.4 None 8.4 10.8 1.4-7.2 Q7. Can you have at least 2 meals a day? Yes 89.2 67.5 92.8 97.5 87.1 No 10.8 32.5 7.2 2.5 12.9
Q8. Do you and your family members get adequate quantity/quality of food? Yes 10.8 20.4 10.9 23.5 13.2 No 89.2 79.6 89.1 76.5 86.8 Q9. How many earning members do you have in your family? No earning member 8.5 11.5 1.4-7.4 1 Person 86.7 84.7 92.0 93.8 87.6 2 and above persons 4.8 3.8 6.5 6.2 5.0 Mean 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 Q10. What is the total monthly income of your household from different sources? No Income 7.9 9.6 1.4-6.7 500 to 1000 Tk 9.2 24.8 9.4 9.9 11.6 1001 to 2000 Tk 39.2 21.0 29.7 13.6 33.3 2001 to 3000 Tk 24.1 19.1 18.8 22.2 22.6 3001 to 5000 TK 11.1 9.6 29.7 43.2 15.7 5001 and above Tk 8.4 15.9 10.9 11.1 10.0 Mean 2532 2607 3257 3636 2720 Q11. What is the main source of income in your household? Do not have any income in HH 7.9 9.6 1.4-6.7 Daily laborer 67.3 72.6 76.1 19.8 65.6 Small trade 2.0 1.3 5.8 4.9 2.6 Shop 1.6 1.3 5.1 1.9 Service 2.6 1.9 2.2 1.2 2.3 Agricultural work 1.0 2.5 - - 1.0 Tailor 0.3 1.3-2.5 0.6 Rickshaw/van pulling 2.0 1.9 2.9 6.2 2.4 Domestic Work 5.2 0.6 0.7 4.9 3.9 Driving 0.1-0.7 1.2 0.3 Skilled labor 0.6 0.6 - - 0.5 Islamic cleric (Imam) 1.0 0.6 - - 0.7
Begging 2.2 2.5 - - 1.8 Hawker 0.7-0.7-0.6 Camp leader (majhi) 0.7 0.6 - - 0.6 Expatriate 0.1 1.4 1.2 0.4 Teaching 0.4 0.6 - - 0.4 Fishing 1.0 0.6 1.4 50.6 4.8 Masonry 0.9 0.6 1.4 1.2 0.9 Handicraft 1.2 0.6-3.7 1.1 Cutting trees 0.4 - - - 0.3 Tea stall 0.1 - - - 0.1 Kaviraj 0.1 - - - 0.1 Chopping wood - - - 1.2 0.1 Electrical works - - - 1.2 0.1 Selling ice Cream 0.1 - - - 0.1 Selling lumber 0.1 - - - 0.1 Q11A. Do you borrow or share anything for your survival? Yes 93.9 93.6 100.0 100.0 95.1 No 6.1 6.4 - - 4.9 Q11B. Is any of the minor is earning money in your household? Yes 10.7 5.7 8.0 12.3 9.7 No 83.4 89.2 88.4 82.7 84.8 Not applicable 5.9 5.1 3.6 4.9 5.4 Q12_TOT. HH Member Two 6.5 5.1 3.6 6.2 5.9 Three 17.2 16.6 13.0 18.5 16.7 Four 21.0 24.2 19.6 21.0 21.3 Five 19.8 21.7 21.0 18.5 20.1 Six 15.8 14.0 18.8 23.5 16.5 Seven 9.2 8.3 11.6 3.7 9.0 Eight and above 10.5 10.2 12.3 8.6 10.6
Mean 5.0 5.0 5.3 4.8 5.0 Q12B. Sex of the HH member Male 48.7 51.3 48.0 51.8 49.2 Female 51.3 48.7 52.0 48.2 50.8 N 3456 778 733 392 5359 Q12C. Age of the HH member Upto 1 Yr 6.4 7.2 5.0 5.4 6.3 2 to 5 Yrs 15.9 17.0 14.2 13.0 15.6 6 to 10 Yrs 18.2 20.4 19.9 23.0 19.1 11 to 17 Yrs 14.2 11.4 18.1 14.3 14.3 18 to 25 Yrs 18.0 15.7 16.8 18.1 17.5 26 to 30 Yrs 8.7 9.5 7.6 9.9 8.8 31 to 40 Yrs 9.7 9.8 11.3 10.5 10.0 41 and above Yrs 8.9 9.0 7.0 5.9 8.5 N 3456 778 733 392 5359 Mean 18.7 18.0 18.5 18.1 18.5 Q12D. Currently living status of the HH member Yes 97.7 94.6 99.5 99.2 97.6 No 2.3 5.4 0.5 0.8 2.4 N 3456 778 733 392 5359 Q12E. Relation with HH Head of the HH member Household Head 20.0 20.2 18.8 20.7 19.9 Wife/Husband 17.6 18.0 15.3 18.6 17.4 Son or Daughter 52.4 53.1 56.1 53.3 53.1 Son-in-law or Daughterin-law 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.4 child 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.8 0.9 Parent/parent in law 2.7 2.4 3.0 2.0 2.7 Brother, Sister, Brother/sister-in-law 4.5 4.8 4.0 2.3 4.3 Niece or Nephew 1.0 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.8
Other relative 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 Not related 0.1 - - 0.0 N 3456 778 733 392 5359 Q12F. Type of vulnerability of the HH member Child at risk () 13.5 11.1 24.0 32.9 16.1 Child parent 0.1-0.1 0.3 0.1 Child spouse 0.2-0.1-0.2 Child carer 0.2 0.3 - - 0.2 Teenage pregnancy 0.5 0.3-0.3 0.4 Child engaged in worst forms of child labour 3.1 0.7 11.8 9.5 4.5 Child at risk of not attending school 8.9 9.9 11.9 22.4 10.5 Child with special education needs 0.4 - - 0.3 0.3 Child associated with armed forces or groups - - - - - Child in conflict with the law 0.0 - - 0.3 0.0 Woman at risk () 3.7 4.8 1.4 4.9 3.6 Woman at risk 0.9 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.7 Single woman at risk 0.2-0.1 1.0 0.2 Lactation 2.5 4.6 1.1 2.6 2.6 Older person at risk () 1.5 0.4 0.8 2.1 1.3 Single older person 0.4-0.3-0.3 Older person with children 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.5 Older person unable to care for self 0.5 0.1 0.4 1.8 0.5 Single parent or caregiver () 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 Single HR- parent 0.1 0.1-0.3 0.1 Single HR- grandparent 0.1-0.1 Disability () 4.1 3.0 4.5 2.3 3.9 Visual impairment (including blindness) 0.8 0.4 1.5 0.8 0.9 Hearing impairment (including deafness) 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.3 0.7 Physical disabilitymoderate 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.5 1.1 Physical disability- severe 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 Mental disabilitymoderate 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 Mental disability- severe 0.3 0.1 0.7-0.3 Speech impairment/disability 0.4 0.1 0.1-0.3 Serious medical condition () 59.2 71.1 50.5 52.2 59.1 Mental illness 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.6 Malnutrition 19.5 18.9 17.6 20.1 19.2 Difficult pregnancy 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.1 Chronic illness 10.3 4.8 4.1 15.2 9.0
Critical medical condition 2.7 4.3 3.0 2.3 2.9 Other medical condition 24.8 41.8 24.6 12.9 26.3 Addiction 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 Family unity () 0.9 0.5 0.1 1.5 0.8 Tracing required 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.4 Family reunification required 0.4 0.4-0.3 0.4 Specific legal and physical protection 37.8 24.3 51.3 40.1 37.9 needs () No legal documentation 0.4 0.1-0.5 0.3 Unmet basic needs 35.3 18.8 49.2 29.8 34.5 No access to services 0.4 0.3-0.5 0.3 Multiple displacements 0.5 0.3-3.3 0.6 Detained / held in country of asylum 0.2-0.3 0.3 0.2 Detained / held in country of origin 0.3 0.1 - - 0.2 Detained / held elsewhere 0.0 0.1 - - 0.0 In hiding 0.1 - - - 0.0 Absence of witness protection - 1.9-1.0 0.3 Violence, abuse or neglect 0.4 1.2 1.6 3.3 0.9 Abduction / kidnap 0.3 1.5-0.5 0.4 Alleged perpetrator - - 0.1 0.5 0.1 Criminal record - - - - - Security threat to UNHCR/partner staff or - - - 0.3 0.0 others Formerly associated with armed forces or groups - - - - - Abduction for ransom and reasons other than 0.0 - - - 0.0 trafficking Torture () 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.8 1.0 Psychological and / or physical impairment due 1.2 0.1-0.8 0.8 to torture Forced to egregious acts 0.2 0.1 - - 0.1 Witness of violence to other 0.1 - - - 0.0 SGBV () 0.8 0.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 Victim/survivor of SGBV in country of asylum 0.1 - - 0.3 0.1 Victim / survivor of SGBV in country of origin 0.3 - - - 0.2 Forced / early marriage 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.8 0.5 Survival sex 0.1 0.0 Victims of Trafficking () 1.0 1.8 1.0 0.8 1.1 Abduction for trafficking 0.7 1.4 0.8-0.8 Fraudulent adoption 0.1-0.1 0.3 0.1
Deception of recruitment and movement for job or 0.1 - - 0.3 0.1 study Deceived through promises of marriage 0.1 0.3-0.3 0.1 Deceived through promises of decent - 0.1 - - 0.0 wage/earning overseas Potential Victims of Trafficking () 17.6 16.2 21.0 43.4 19.8 Cheap labor/working at a very low wage 2.5 2.0 3.3 6.9 2.9 Forced into illicit/criminal activities 0.2 0.1-0.3 0.2 Survivors in desperate need of food 14.1 13.7 17.7 35.2 16.1 Cannot speak local language 0.6 0.3-1.0 0.5 Access to information and other services other 0.2 - - - 0.2 than legal N 3377 736 729 389 5231 Q12G. Needs of the HH member Treatment 44.8 55.2 39.0 37.3 44.9 Education 12.0 11.0 20.7 15.4 13.3 Vitamin 2.9 4.3 4.1-3.1 Accommodation / house 4.8 4.5 4.7 7.2 4.9 Food 45.9 30.3 58.3 44.0 45.3 Legal aid 3.2 7.6 2.3 6.4 3.9 Nutritious food 13.1 12.2 7.3 18.5 12.5 Financial support 0.9-0.3 2.1 0.8 Employment 2.6 0.4 3.2 4.9 2.6 Security 1.0 0.8 2.2 1.0 1.1 Vaccine 1.8 0.1 6.3-2.1 Latrine 0.1 - - - 0.0 Cloth 1.9 1.4 1.8-1.7 Rehabilitation 0.4 - - 0.8 0.3 Basic needs 1.8 0.5-3.9 1.5 Job oriented education 0.3 0.1-0.8 0.3 Adequate remuneration 0.2 - - 0.5 0.2 Maternity services 0.2 - - - 0.1 Maternal diet 0.1 - - - 0.0 Family reunion 0.6 0.1-0.5 0.4 Women's Health Education 0.1 - - - 0.0 Meet the needs of the baby 0.1 - - - 0.1 Relief 0.0 - - - 0.0
Permission to come to Bangladesh 0.1 - - - 0.0 Swing machine 0.2 - - - 0.2 Educational materials for disabled 0.0 - - - 0.0 Baby food 0.1 - - - 0.0 Humanity 0.1-1.1-0.2 Family awareness 0.6 - - 8.0 1.0 Pre-shelter 0.0 - - - 0.0 Wheel chair 0.1 0.5-0.3 0.2 Fair price 0.7 2.0-0.5 0.7 Service 0.1 - - - 0.0 Women service 0.1 - - - 0.1 Women's knowledge 0.0 - - - 0.0 Legal documents 0.0 - - - 0.0 Food and shelter 0.0 - - - 0.0 Stick for walk 0.1 - - - 0.0 Water - - 0.3-0.0 Milk - 0.1 - - 0.0 Support 0.1 0.1-0.8 0.1 Social support - - - 0.3 0.0 Marriage is needed - - - 0.3 0.0 Need to find family member - - - 0.5 0.0 Enough stock of food 0.0 - - - 0.0 Health center 0.0 - - - 0.0 Light 0.1 - - - 0.0 N 3377 736 729 389 5231 Q12H. Type of Risk of the HH member High 24.8 27.0 12.6 31.6 23.9 Medium 48.3 61.4 62.8 35.2 51.2 Low 26.9 11.5 24.6 33.2 24.9 N 3377 736 729 389 5231
Table - Level of vulnerabilities by gender and age Type of Risk of the HH Head High Medium Low High Medium Low High Medium Low High Medium Low High Medium Low Sex of the HH Member Male 51.5 47.4 47.0 49.7 49.3 56.5 60.9 45.9 45.8 51.2 57.7 45.7 51.9 48.0 47.4 Female 48.5 52.6 53.0 50.3 50.7 43.5 39.1 54.1 54.2 48.8 42.3 54.3 48.1 52.0 52.6 N 837 1630 910 199 452 85 92 458 179 123 137 129 1251 2677 1303 Age distribution of the HH Member Upto 1 Yr 6.9 6.0 7.1 12.6 6.6 1.2 3.3 3.5 10.1 8.1 4.4 3.9 7.7 5.6 6.8 2 to 5 Yrs 12.3 17.5 17.8 15.1 19.5 16.5 3.3 13.5 21.8 7.3 15.3 16.3 11.6 17.0 18.1 6 to 10 Yrs 19.7 18.0 18.6 12.1 24.8 24.7 5.4 22.1 22.3 15.4 26.3 27.1 17.0 20.2 20.3 11 to 17 Yrs 13.9 14.0 14.7 8.0 10.2 18.8 15.2 19.7 16.2 10.6 16.8 14.7 12.7 14.5 15.2 18 to 25 Yrs 18.4 18.5 16.6 18.6 15.7 4.7 18.5 16.8 15.1 26.8 16.1 11.6 19.3 17.6 15.1 26 to 30 Yrs 8.6 8.1 9.1 13.6 8.8 4.7 9.8 9.2 2.2 13.0 5.8 11.6 9.9 8.3 8.1 31 to 40 Yrs 9.2 9.6 9.2 11.1 7.1 15.3 23.9 10.5 7.3 11.4 8.8 10.9 10.8 9.3 9.5 41 and above Yrs 11.0 8.3 6.8 9.0 7.3 14.1 20.7 4.8 5.0 7.3 6.6 3.9 11.0 7.4 6.8 N 837 1630 910 199 452 85 92 458 179 123 137 129 1251 2677 1303
Table - Need by gender and age Need1 -Food Need 1- Food Need 2- Treat ment Need 3- Educ ation Need 1- Food Need 2- Treat ment Need 3- Educ ation Need 1- Food Sex of the HH Member Male 48.7 48.6 52.8 51.6 49.5 54.3 51.8 46.5 45.0 58.5 49.7 56.7 50.3 48.6 51.6 Female 51.3 51.4 47.2 48.4 50.5 45.7 48.2 53.5 55.0 41.5 50.3 43.3 49.7 51.4 48.4 N 1549 1513 405 223 406 81 425 284 151 171 145 60 2368 2348 697 Age distribution of the HH Member Upto 1 Year 3.0 4.8 0.2 3.6 6.4 1.2 1.2 2.5-2.3 4.1-2.7 4.8 0.3 2 to 5 Years 14.7 12.2 13.3 11.2 15.3 21.0 12.7 10.9 6.6 8.2 11.0 5.0 13.6 12.5 12.1 6 to 10 Years 19.4 12.8 41.5 15.7 19.0 48.1 20.7 11.3 35.8 24.0 13.1 53.3 19.6 13.7 42.0 11 to 17 Years 13.5 9.0 37.0 7.2 9.4 16.0 17.9 12.0 43.7 15.2 7.6 38.3 13.8 9.3 36.2 18 to 25 Years 20.6 20.0 5.2 21.5 16.0 8.6 17.6 19.0 9.3 19.9 17.9 3.3 20.1 19.0 6.3 26 to 30 Years 8.8 11.2 0.2 13.9 10.3-8.9 11.3 2.0 12.3 13.1-9.6 11.2 0.6 31 to 40 Years 10.7 15.0 1.2 13.0 12.1 3.7 12.7 19.0 0.7 12.3 18.6-11.4 15.2 1.3 41 and above Years 9.2 15.1 1.2 13.9 11.6 1.2 8.2 14.1 2.0 5.8 14.5-9.2 14.3 1.3 N 1549 1513 405 223 406 81 425 284 151 171 145 60 2368 2348 697 Need 2- Treat ment Need 3- Educa tion Need 1- Food Need 2- Treat ment Need 3- Educa tion Need2 - Treat ment Need 3- Educa tion
Q13_TOT. HH Member living outside of Bangladesh One 75.5 52.2 66.7 100.0 69.5 Two 18.9 30.4 33.3-22.0 Three 1.9 8.7 - - 3.7 Four - 4.3 - - 1.2 Six - 4.3 - - 1.2 Eight 3.8 - - - 2.4 N 53 23 3 3 82 Mean 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.0 1.6 Q13B. How long have been out of this household for member 1 Month 8.9 7.1 25.0-8.6 2 to 6 Months 19.0 45.2-100.0 28.9 7 to 12 Months 48.1 23.8 25.0-38.3 13 to 72 Months 17.7 4.8 50.0-14.1 73 and above Months 6.3 19.0 - - 10.2 N 79 42 4 3 128 Mean 20.2 26.4 23.5 4.3 22.0 Q13C. Where is he living now for member Somewhere in Bangladesh 13.9 35.7 25.0 33.3 21.9 Living in Myanmar 68.4 64.3 - - 63.3 Living in countries other than Bangladesh & 8.9-25.0 66.7 7.8 Myanmar Don t know 8.9-50.0-7.0 N 79 42 4 3 128 Q13D. Why is he living there for member Work there 6.3 9.5-33.3 7.8 Could not come to Bangladesh 44.3 59.5 25.0-47.7 Does not want to leave Myanmar 17.7 14.3 - - 15.6 Living elsewhere 12.7 7.1 25.0-10.9 1
Mad 3.8 - - - 2.3 Imprisoned / taken 5.1 2.4-33.3 4.7 Live with mother 2.5 - - - 1.6 Did not come voluntarily 2.5 - - - 1.6 Can't walk 2.5 4.8-33.3 3.9 Due to marriage 1.3 - - - 0.8 For income 1.3 2.4 25.0-2.3 To go to Malaysia - - 25.0-0.8 N 79 42 4 3 128