World War I: America s Home Front

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Transcription:

World War I: America s Home Front

1. The U.S. and WWI! US neutral until 1917; favors Allies! Protect loans to Allies! US shares Allies culture and democratic government! Allied propaganda! German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare! Zimmerman Note attempt to draw Mexico into the war

2. Mobilizing for the War: A. Committee on Public Information: (CPI) Headed by George Creel! Propaganda campaign:! Four Minute Men speeches! War Bond drives! 100% Americanism! Poster campaigns! Powerful and successful

2. Mobilizing for the War (cont.)! B. War Industries Board (WIB, headed by Bernard Baruch! Mobilized, regulated, and coordinated production! Encouraged use of mass production and standardization! set production quotas and allocated raw materials

2. Mobilizing for the War (cont.)! C. Food Administration (headed by Herbert Hoover)! Organized food distribution for troops and Allies! Promoted conservation of food! Victory Gardens! Wheatless Days! Meatless Days

2. Mobilizing for the War (cont.)! D. Fuel Administration:! Regulated distribution and promoted conservation of resources! gasless days and heatless days

3. Espionage and Sedition Acts! Laws passed to suppress those who opposed the war! Became a crime to interfere with recruitment or war bond rallies! Led to arrests and deportations Eugene Debs

4. Over There! A. Fighting the war: 2.8 million drafted! 1918 -- American Expeditionary Forces (Gen. John J. Pershing) -- 10,000 to France daily! Navy sent battleships to guard convoys; Marines sent to France! Helped push the war in Allies favor

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! Frank Buckles, last living WWI veteran, died in Feb. 2011 at 110 years old (age 16 in WWI)

4. Over There! B. Armistice (truce):! November 11, 1918 at 11 a.m.

5. Making the Peace: A. Wilson s Fourteen Points! Wilson s proposals for peace after the war:! free trade! open agreements! freedom of the seas! self-determination! League of Nations

5. Making the Peace: B. Treaty of Versailles:! Wilson: Peace without victory! Britain, France, and Italy: revenge! Treaty provisions:! Germany: sign war guilt clause, pay reparations, disarm, give up colonies! New countries would replace empires! Formation of the League of Nations

5. Making the Peace: C. League of Nations! Organization of nations to solve international disputes! Weak; had little real power! US didn t join it; never ratified the Treaty of Versailles (isolationist again)

6. Results of the War for the US: A. Economic: 1) U.S. Position in the World: Leading creditor nation Could be world leader; retreats to isolationism

6. Results of the War for the US: A. Economic: 2) Labor Unrest:! Factories cut back production! Cut jobs; cut wages! Cost of living increased prices, rent! Workers protest and strike:! 4 million workers; 3,000 strikes in 1919

Examples: Boston Police Strike

Steel Strike

Coal Strike

Seattle General Strike

6. Results of the War for the US: B. Social: 1) African Americans War service: served in segregated units and saw combat; decorated in France

6. Results of the War for the US: B. Social: 1) African Americans, continued Great Migration: African-Americans moved north for industrial jobs; trend continued through 1920s

6. Results of the War for the US: B. Social: 2) Women! Worked in war industry; filled in for men who were overseas

6. Results of the War for the US: B. Social 2) Women! volunteered as nurses; Red Cross workers! won passage of 19 th Amendment: women s suffrage, 1920

6. Results of the War for the US: B. Social 3) Prohibition! A progressive and wartime measure to help create a better society

4) Red Scare, Palmer Raids, ACLU! 1917 Russian Revolution made Americans nervous of Reds (Communists)! Union, Anarchist and Communist agitation led to government reaction

The Palmer Raids! 1918 Sedition Act allowed U.S. Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer to make arrests without warrants! deported suspicious immigrants to Europe! no one indicted! Unions lost support

6. Results of the War for the US: B. Social 4) ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) to combat the loss of civil liberties and defend accused

6. Results of the War for the US: C. Political! US feared entanglement in more conflicts! did not join the League of Nations! became isolationist

7. Legacy for the world:! A. Treaty of Versailles left Germany bitter and financially ruined seeds of WWII! B. League of Nations was weak:! US didn t join! Germany and Russia not allowed to join! Britain and France unenthusiastic

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