.Civics Learning Goals for the 4th Nine Weeks. C.4.1 Differentiate concepts related to U.S. domestic and foreign policy - Recognize the difference between domestic and foreign policy - Identify issues that relate to U.S. domestic and foreign policy - Analyze the domestic implications of U.S. domestic and foreign policy - Identify the goals and objectives of U.S. domestic and foreign policy - Recognize the role of the U.S. State Department in foreign affairs C.4.2 Recognize government and citizen participation in international organizations - Identify major international organizations in which government plays a role - Recognize that international organizations may be located in the United States - Describe ways that individual citizens and government can seek participation in international organizations - Examine the ways that government and individuals may support international organizations C.4.3 Describe examples of how the United States has dealt with international conflicts - Identify specific examples of international conflicts in which the United States has been involved - Identify the reasons for the United States becoming involved in past international conflicts - Analyze primary source documents pertaining to international incidents to determine the course of action taken by the United States - Identify the different methods used by the United States to deal with international conflicts Page 1
.Understanding U.S. Domestic and Foreign Policy. Overview In this lesson, students will differentiate between domestic and foreign policy, understand the goals of domestic and foreign policy and analyze the relationship between the two. Essential Questions What is domestic policy? What is foreign policy? What are the differences between domestic and foreign policy? Learning Goal / NGSSS Benchmark SS.C.7.4.1 Differentiate concepts related to U.S. domestic and foreign policy. Learning Targets / Benchmark Clarifications - Recognize the difference between domestic and foreign policy - Identify issues that relate to U.S. domestic and foreign policy - Analyze the domestic implications of U.S. domestic and foreign policy - Identify the goals and objectives of U.S. domestic and foreign policy - Recognize the role of the U.S. State Department in foreign affairs represents the term to you in each box. Foreign refers to things that happen of the United States. Domestic refers to things that happen of the United States. Which is which? Read each example below and decide if it is a domestic policy addresses issues at home or a foreign policy addresses issues around the world. Label each with a D or and F. 1. The government wants to make sure students are learning what they should be, so it requires standardized testing in certain grades. 2. The government operates national parks in different parts of the country. 3. The United States is allied with countries around the world, which means they are partners and look out for each other s interests. 4. The United States provides help to other countries when natural disasters, like earthquakes, occur. 5. The countries of the world meet to decide how to handle climate change, and the United States plays a role in the talks. 6. The United States is attacked, and the President, in his role as Commander-in- Chief, calls on the U.S. military to defend the U.S. by attacking the other country. 7. The government decides how much money Americans must pay in federal taxes. 8. The government makes an agreement with specific countries that none of them will attack each other. 9. The government cleans up land and water areas that are severely polluted. 10. The government enforces federal laws and sends convicted criminals to jail. SS.7.C.4.1 Page 3 Worksheet p.1
.Federal Executive Departments. Executive department Main issues and responsibilities Domestic or foreign policy, or both? Cite evidence Agriculture Commerce Defense Education Energy Health and Human Services Homeland Security Housing and Urban Development Interior Justice Labor State Transportation Treasury Veterans Affairs SS.7.C.4.1 Page 4
Foreign Policy Name: Definition: U.S. Foreign Policy Main Goals 1) Key Players: 2) 3) Foreign Aid Military Definition: Definition: Main Goals Forms Main Goals Active Groups 1) 1) 2) 2) 3) 3) 4) Treaties Definition: Who is involved? Example: Worksheet p.2 SS.7.C.4.1 Page 5
.Foreign Policy Scenarios. Decide if each of the following scenarios describes a (M)ilitary action, (T)reaty, or (F)oreign aid. 1. Upon President Wilson s request on April 6, 1917, Congress declared war on Germany and gave the President the power to lead the army and navy to fight Germany in World War I. 2. In 2003, President George W. Bush decided to focus support on a worldwide initiative to help countries prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. 3. In 1949, after World War II, the United States and other democratic countries formed NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It said that if any country was attacked by an outside nation, they would help defend each other. 4. The U.S. government provides advice and help for countries wanting to start new democracies by showing them how to run fair elections. 5. In 1968, the major countries of the world agreed to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which is aimed at limiting the spread of nuclear weapons. As of 2010, over 180 countries have joined. 6. In 1990, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein led Iraqi troops to invade and take over neighboring Kuwait. In January 1991, Congress authorized President George H. W. Bush to lead U.S. troops into Kuwait and force the Iraqi troops to leave. 7. In response to the January 2010 earthquake that devastated Haiti, the United States has given the country significant aid in the form of food, water, and medical care. 8. The U.S. has a program aimed at helping people in developing countries have access to safe drinking water. 9. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked a U.S. navy base on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, a U.S. territory at the time. This act would bring the U.S. into World War II. The next day, Congress passed a war declaration giving President Roosevelt the power the lead the entire U.S. military against Japan. 10. In June 1950, communist North Korea invaded South Korea. The U.S. was supporting South Korea at the time. As a result of the invasion, President Truman sent U.S. troops as part of a United Nations mission to fight on behalf of South Korea. 11. In 1919, President Wilson wanted the U.S. to agree to the Treaty of Versailles, the overall peace treaty ending the war in Europe, and to join the League of Nations. The U.S. Senate rejected these actions, so the U.S. did not ratify the treaty or join the League of Nations. 12. After World War II ended in 1945, the U.S. gave more than $13 billion to help rebuild countries and support their democratic governments. 13. In 1993, the U.S., Canada, and Mexico agreed to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), whose goal is to make it easier to trade among the three countries. 14. On September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda terrorists attacked the United States. President George W. Bush asked Congress for a resolution asking to use military force against those responsible; this led to U.S. troops fighting in Afghanistan, where Al-Qaeda leaders were based. 15. In 1945 the U.S. was the first country to approve of the document that created the United Nations, an international organization created after World War II that tries to keep world peace. SS.7.C.4.1 Page 6
.Review Questions. Which action is an example of a domestic policy decision? A. The Senate votes to ratify a treaty B. The president nominates an ambassador C. Congress votes to increase the income tax D. The president asks Congress to declare war 1. Write two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question. 2. What is the question asking you to do? 3. Eliminate one incorrect answer choice and explain why you believe it is wrong. 4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion. The statement below was made by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton during a January 23, 2013 Senate hearing. It has been one of the great honors of my life to lead the men and women of the State Department nearly 70,000 serving here in Washington, more than 270 posts around the world. They get up and get to work every day, often in difficult and dangerous circumstances, because they believe, as we believe, the United States is the most extraordinary force for peace and progress the world has ever known. Source: U.S. Department of State Based on the statement, which is a goal of U.S. policy? A. Diplomatic alliances B. Homeland security C. Citizen protection D. Avoiding conflict 1. Write two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question. 2. What is the question asking you to do? 3. Eliminate one incorrect answer choice and explain why you believe it is wrong. 4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion. SS.7.C.4.1 Page 7
.International Organizations. Overview Students will understand major international organizations, their work and how countries or citizens can participate or support them. Students will conduct a research project on the international organization of their choice. Essential Questions What are international organizations? How can government and individual citizens support and play a role in them? Learning Goal / NGSSS Benchmark SS.7.C.4.2 Recognize government and citizen participation in international organizations. Learning Targets / Benchmark Clarifications - Identify major international organizations in which government plays a role - Recognize that international organizations may be located in the United States - Describe ways that individual citizens and government can seek participation in international organizations - Examine the ways that government and individuals may support international organizations International Organizations Intergovernmental Organization Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) Non-Example Who is involved? What is their main purpose? North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) SS.7.C.4.2 Page 9
SS.7.C.4.2 Page 10
Citizenship Organization Just the Facts Headquarters Participants Main purpose European Union Intergovernmental NGO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Intergovernmental NGO Red Cross / Red Crescent Intergovernmental NGO United Nations Intergovernmental NGO United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF) Intergovernmental NGO World Bank Intergovernmental NGO World Court Intergovernmental NGO World Health Organization Intergovernmental NGO World Trade Organization Intergovernmental NGO SS.7.C.4.2 Page 11
.Review Questions. Which is an example of a way that a citizen can seek participation in an international organization? A. E-mail about internship opportunities at the International Red Cross B. Like the Facebook page of the World Trade Organization C. Request a trial before the World Court D. Ask to join the United Nations 1. Write two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question. 2. What is the question asking you to do? 3. Eliminate one incorrect answer choice and explain why you believe it is wrong. 4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion. The graph below shows participation in international organizations. What conclusion about international NGOs can be drawn from the graph? A. They have decreased community involvement B. They have increased democratic participation C. They have maintained world peace D. They have strengthened terrorism 1. Write two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question. 2. What is the question asking you to do? 3. Eliminate one incorrect answer choice and explain why you believe it is wrong. 4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion. SS.7.C.4.2 Page 13
.The U.S. and International Conflict. Overview In this lesson, students will examine conflict and cooperation using past and current international events, and they will analyze the conditions, actions, and motivations of past and current international events. Essential Questions What international conflicts has the U.S. been involved in? Why did the U.S. become involved? What kinds of actions did the U.S. take in these conflicts? Learning Goal / NGSSS Benchmark SS.C.7.4.3 Describe examples of how the United States has dealt with international conflicts. Learning Targets / Benchmark Clarifications - Identify specific examples of international conflicts in which the United States has been involved - Identify the reasons for the United States becoming involved in past international conflicts - Analyze primary source documents pertaining to international incidents to determine the course of action taken by the United States - Identify the different methods used by the United States to deal with international conflicts Define international conflict: Define international cooperation: Three Factors for Conflict or Cooperation Record the three factors and provide a summary and examples from the following text. SS.7.C.4.3 Page 15
Conflict & Cooperation Name: We have all experienced conflict and cooperation. When you disagree or quarrel with someone, you are in conflict with them; when you agree or work with someone, you are cooperating. Conflict and cooperation do not only happen between people. Countries around the world are constantly engaging in conflict or cooperation with other countries. Read the following description of wars fought in Vietnam. As you read, think about who is in conflict and who is cooperating. American soldiers investigate a north Vietnamese tunnel. War in Vietnam Just as the United States used to be a colony of England, the Republic of Vietnam used to be a colony of France. The Vietnamese people got tired of being colonists, and they went to war against France for their freedom. But unlike the United States, the Vietnamese did not have peace after they pushed France out. They could not agree on who should run the country, and a civil war broke out between the northern and southern parts of Vietnam. By 1955, the war had become a battle over whether Vietnam would follow a political philosophy called communism. Those in the north supported communism, while those in the south did not. Another country that did not support communism was the United States. In order to stop the spread of communism, the United States became involved in the war and supported southern Vietnam. At the same time, northern Vietnam got support from China, a large and powerful communist country that supported the communist takeover of southern Vietnam. For many years, the United States military worked with southern Vietnam to fight the communist north. The American and south Vietnamese militaries used a combination of ground attacks and air power to fight the north. The north relied on ground troops, a vast network of tunnels, and sympathetic villagers to launch attacks and support its cause. Even with the support of the United States, the northern army was victorious. In 1975, the northern army captured the southern capital of Saigon, and Vietnam became a communist country. International conflict happens when countries disagree. Sometimes a disagreement between countries may become so severe that war seems like the only way to resolve the problem. But international conflict does not have to involve war. Sometimes countries disagree about how problems should be solved. They won t go to war over it, but the relationship between them might be strained. For example, the United States and North Korea disagree about how government should work and whether North Korea should have nuclear weapons. The U.S. is not at war with North Korea, but the diplomatic relations between the two countries are very strained. What international conflicts existed once the United States got involved in Vietnam? An American F-4B drops bombs during the conflict in Vietnam. An American advisor works with two soldiers from the South Vietnamese army. International cooperation happens when countries have something to gain by working together to solve problems. Countries may cooperate in order to avoid going to war, which is very costly in both money and lives. Countries who share a common natural resource, such as a river or a large forest, may work together to manage that resource in a way that benefits everyone. What is an example of international cooperation that took place during the Vietnam war? Reading p.1 SS.7.C.4.3 Page 16
Conflict & Cooperation Conditions In order for countries to come into conflict or cooperation with each other, certain conditions must exist. Conditions are the circumstances that cause something to happen. For example, during the early part of World War II Japan led a naval campaign that occupied islands across the Pacific. They eventually attacked a U.S. naval base in Hawaii, an American territory. The United States responded by declaring war on Japan. Before this attack, the U.S. had stayed out of the international conflict. Conditions can also lead to cooperation. The illegal killing of elephants has become a widespread problem in Africa. Because of these conditions, several African countries have signed an agreement to work together to fight elephant poaching. Front page of a newspaper after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Elephant tusks taken from poachers in Africa. Motivations While conditions are the circumstances that exist, motivations are the reasons or goals that cause a country to act. For example, the United States motivation for going to war with Japan was to protect American territory and interests from Japan and its ally, Germany. The African countries motivation for signing the anti-poaching agreement is to save elephants. In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait, a tiny neighboring country with lots of oil and great location for trade. Iraq s motivation for invading Kuwait was to control Kuwait s oil reserves and gain access to the Persian Gulf. Actions Conflict and cooperation occur when conditions and motivations push countries toward actions. These actions can be military, political, economic, or a combination of all three. Because of the conflict between the United States and North Korea, the United States limits political relations with North Korea and also does not give financial aid to that country. On the other hand, Egypt is a Middle Eastern country that cooperates with the United States. As a result, the U.S. helps Egypt strengthen its military and buy weapons. The U.S. also supports health, education, and job development programs in Egypt. Reading p.2 SS.7.C.4.3 Page 17
International Conflict or Cooperation? Draw an arrow from each example to the side that it supports. Is it an example of conflict or cooperation? Two countries are locked in an struggle over the rights to the river that divides them. Four countries have started a program to deal with the famine that is spreading across their region. Conflict Two countries have been in an economic and political struggle known as a cold war. A larger, powerful country is supporting a smaller, weaker country in a war. Cooperation Pollution levels are dangerous in a certain river. Bordering countries form a committee to investigate. One country says that it will no longer buy any products made in another country. Two countries that used to work together now work against each other s international interests. Activity p.1.scenario Analysis. Read the scenarios and cite specific information from the text that summarizes the answers to the questions below. Once you have completed the reading and listed your evidence, state your opinion and explain why you think the U.S. should/should not have been involved in the conflict and what the U.S. could have done differently (if anything). Include the following information - Name of conflict - Why did the U.S. get involved? - Who else was involved in the conflict? - What methods did the U.S. use to deal with the conflict? - What was the outcome? - Do you think the U.S. should or should not have gotten involved in the conflict? - What, if anything, could the U.S. have done differently? SS.7.C.4.3 Page 18
.Review Questions. Which presidential action was based on Article I of the U.S. Constitution? A. John F. Kennedy s statements about missiles in Cuba B. Franklin Roosevelt asking Congress to declare war on Japan C. Dwight Eisenhower s statements about communism in Africa D. George H. Bush asking Congress to commit troops for Gulf War I 1. Write two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question. 2. What is the question asking you to do? 3. Eliminate one incorrect answer choice and explain why you believe it is wrong. 4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion. The newspaper headline below describes an event in U.S. history. Which course of action taken by the United States is represented by the headline? A. Treaty ratification B. Veto override C. Diplomacy D. Terrorism 1. Write two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question. 2. What is the question asking you to do? 3. Eliminate one incorrect answer choice and explain why you believe it is wrong. 4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion. SS.7.C.4.3 Page 19