Unit 4 - A New Nation Test Day: October 20th & October 21st
When you are done with your test... Before test: turn in study guides to me Turn test booklet/scantron/short answer to front table follow the sticky notes! Pick up: Unit 4 Outline Unit 4 reading (HW if not completed after test) and begin working on this use book
Day 1: Washington Administration October 24th & 25th
Warm Up Turn in Homework to front table for HW grade Work on WarmUp/Exit Ticket Unit 4 Day 1
George Washington s Presidency Years: 1789-1797 Inauguration Clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ld7 b7reporm
Events at Home 1. Washington s Cabinet: Creation of Three Executive Departments a. State: foreign affairs headed by Thomas Jefferson b. Treasury: money headed by Alexander Hamilton c. War: defense headed by Henry Knox Cabinet Battle #1 preview of tension!
Events at Home 2. Judiciary Act of 1789 created the Supreme Court and other Federal Courts
Even More Events at Home 3. Alexander Hamilton s Financial Plan - Created protective tariffs to promote industry - Tariffs are taxes added onto goods imported into a country - Protective tariff: tax that establishes the cost of a foreign import higher than the cost of the domestic (U.S.) good - Established the National Bank to provide the nation with stable currency - Created an excise tax on whiskey to raise revenue ($$$$)
One last Event At Home... 4. Whiskey Rebellion - Farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the federal excise tax on whiskey and attacked tax collectors - Washington made 15,000 militia men into federal troops and put down the rebellion - As a result the Federal government showed its new power - Does this remind you of an event that showed the Federal government was weak???
Foreign Affairs 1. Neutrality Act of 1793 - The United States would not get involved in a war between the French and the British - BUT = Jay s Treaty settled some differences with Britain, pro-british
Another Event at Home (but the last one) 2. Washington s Farewell Address (1797) - George Washington s final advice to the United States was that the US should a) be neutral b) remain united c) avoid permanent alliances d) not have political parties
What were the major Federalist Policies that led TJ and Madison to create the first opposition party the Democratic-Republicans? - Hamilton s Bank of the US Dinner Smackdown - The sort-of war with France (XYZ Affair clip) - The Jay Treaty VERY PRO-BRITISH
John Adam s Presidency
Adams s Presidency (1797-1801) In the election of 1796, John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson for the presidency, and Jefferson became the vice-president Imagine if one of the current Presidential Candidates who lost became the VP?
Adams Had Some Issues... 1. Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) - The President could imprison or deport aliens (citizens of other countries) - People who write anything of a scandalous and malicious nature against the government could be imprisoned - could you imagine if we had this today with the current media & politics??? - This was used to silence the critics of the Federalist party that is the Democratic-Republicans
Adams had some more Issues... 2. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves - Virginia and Kentucky declare the Alien & Sedition Acts null because the violated the Bill of Rights - But guess who wrote them?? - TJ & Madison!
You re gone before we knew you... - Election of 1800 propaganda and Hamilton clip - John Adams (Federalist) versus Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) *The Election of 1800, won by Jefferson, was the first presidential election in which power was peacefully transferred from one party to another!
Jefferson as President Democratic-Republican Small government Pays off debt BUT when opportunity knocks Louisiana Purchase in 1803 3 cents an acre! Doubled the size of the United States overnight Explorers: Lewis & Clark Shoshone guide: Sacajawea
Day 2: Jefferson, Madison, Monroe October 26th & 27th
WarmUp - Pick up papers from Front Table - LOOK & TAKE WITH YOU your WarmUp from Day 1 in your FOLDER - Begin working on WarmUp Day 2
Warm Up Discussion 1. What was TJ s party? a. Democratic-Republicans 2. Which party did farmers and Southerners generally support? a. DRs 3. Why did Jefferson form an opposition party? a. Pro-French b. Help with Agriculture feared Hamilton s pro-business attitude c. Strict constructionist of Constitution & weak Nat. Govt feared Hamilton s BANK
Current Event Similarity - Watch this clip:https://www.facebook.com/nbcnigh tlynews/videos/10154612074923689/ - How does it compare to Washington s farewell address and how he warned Americans...
Back to Unit 3 & Short Answers Individual Task: - Read through the 3 examples - Grade them using the rubric provided - Provide your explanation of the scores *We will discuss these! You will not take these test examples outside of the classroom
So what makes a good historical written response? Characteristics: -
Nationalism: Caring about the Whole Country not just your part/region! So we ve created a country & a government now what? How will be grow? What s our role in the world? How will federalism actually work in practice? Who gets to participate? These questions will be answered throughout this unit!
Early Accomplishments of TJ - gets rid of Lets the Alien & Sedition most of Adams policies Acts expire Cuts all internal taxes Uses tariffs and sales of Western land to reduce the National Debt A tariff is a tax on goods coming into/imports a country Technically, it could be argued that they restrict trade because goods are more expensive to consumers (people in US)
The Barbary Wars Barbary Pirates from North Africa attack US ships & demand tributes Jefferson sent the USS Constitution & orders a blockade The pirates sign a treaty which ends all tribute payments
The Louisiana Purchase - TedEd Clip France owns the land but Napoleon is broke and wants to sell it Jefferson is not sure the Constitution allows him to buy land but it s such a great deal! Is he a true Democratic-Republican??? He uses his treaty-making power to buy it for $15 million in 1803 - DOUBLES the size of the US!
Lewis & Clark Expedition TJ ordered Lewis & Clark to explore territory west of the Mississippi - all the way to the Pacific Ocean Sacagawea hired as a guide & translator They reach the Pacific in Nov. 1805 Opens the way to settlement & claim on Oregon Territory https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nb1gqrvg 9Fc
Well what do we remember about TJ s Philosophy (Democratic-Republican)? What do we know about Jefferson? Feelings about Government Feelings about Hamilton & the Bank in 1790? Strict or loose constructionist/believer of the Constitution? BUT what did he do when he was sworn in as 3rd Pres in 1801? Bought the Louisiana Territory from the French Was this explicitly stated in the Constitution? HOW did TJ justify this?
Purchase Activity... Was the Louisiana Purchase a bargain or burden? - 4 Groups total - Complete the Document Analysis and fill in Graphic Organizer - Brainstorm on white sheet of paper as group - Picture (with color) - 15-word summary - Key words - Mini-presentations will extend to next class if needed
Group 1: Jeffersonian Philosophy 1. What was your primary document? 2. What was the summary of your document? 3. What is the significance of your Group Topic? 4. How does it relate to the Louisiana Purchase?
Group 2: Significance of Louisiana 1. What was your primary document? 2. What was the summary of your document? 3. What is the significance of your Group Topic? 4. How does it relate to the Louisiana Purchase?
Group 3: Constitutionality of the Purchase 1. What was your primary document? 2. What was the summary of your document? 3. What is the significance of your Group Topic? 4. How does it relate to the Louisiana Purchase?
Group 4: Impact on Native Americans 1. What was your primary document? 2. What was the summary of your document? 3. What is the significance of your Group Topic? 4. How does it relate to the Louisiana Purchase?
So was the Louisiana Purchase a bargain or a burden? - Discuss with your groups for 1 minute - Continuum - Left side = bargain - Right side = burden - Middle = maybe a little bit of both?
Day 3: War of 1812 October 28th/31st
WarmUp Finish your Louisiana Purchase Posters You will be presenting them to the class! Pick 2 representatives to discuss your posters
Isn t life ok with Westward Movement?? Yes kind of, but let s look abroad today and skip forward to James Madison s Presidency Another war? http://www.collegehumor.com.au/video/6583679/t he-war-of-1812-the-movie/
Causes of the War of 1812 1. Neutrality - America tried to stay out of European wars - Remember Washington s Farewell address? - BUT England & France did not like this
Causes of the War of 1812 2. Impressment - The British were stopping American ships and forcing American sailors into the British navy
Causes of the War of 1812 3. Harassment - Of American merchant ships at sea seizing ships and taking their cargo
Causes of the War of 1812 4. America was moving west and having Native American Problems 5. British were still in the Northwest supporting the Native Americans to fight the US this was a matter of national pride *War Hawks: pressure Madison to declare war
Supporters for War In June 1812, President James Madison asks Congress for a Declaration of War
Opponents of the War Federalists opposed Madison s war resolution because they wanted to trade with Britain They talked of secession (leaving the Union/country) Proposed constitutional amendments that were not acted upon to weaken the Southern and Western States
The War...
Three theaters of War 1. At Sea 2. United States - Canadian border 3. Southern United States and Gulf Coast
The Battle of York US win victory in York (present day Toronto) Troops loot and burn the fort and town (the capital city)
The Burning of Washington D.C. British capture DC in August 1814 Set fire to the Presidential mansion & Capitol Madison escaped to VA & Dolley Madison saves many valuables https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1jhpe sv1jq (from 4:50)
The Battle of Fort McHenry British advance to Baltimore They bombard Ft. McHenry in Sept. 1814 Francis Scott Key witnesses the attack & his poem about it becomes our national Anthem https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iivryynz mdi - Smithsonian http://holyjoe.org/poetry/key.htm - Poem
The Treaty of Ghent After battles across all of North America, a treaty is negotiated in December 1814
The Battle of New Orleans Word of the Treaty has not yet reached New Orleans remember, no texting/email/snapchat! In Jan. 1815, General Andrew Jackson decisively defeats the invading British Makes Andrew Jackson a national hero
Effects of War The war ends with neither side gaining or losing territory - no real change Feelings of American Nationalism Pride in the U.S. The downfall of the Federalists Only Republicans remain US claim to Oregon Territory, and more settlers in Florida
Effects of War Judicial Nationalism through Chief Justice John Marshall Court establishes the power of judicial review to check the other two in Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland establishes the supremacy of the national government over the states
Effects of War Economic Nationalism through Henry Clay s American System to unite the country 3 parts A Protectionist Tariff 2nd National Bank Internal improvements (roads, canals, railroads)
Effects of War US increased its stature in the world Monroe Doctrine asserts US role in Western Hemisphere Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain brings Florida into the US
Complete Exit Ticket Predict: How will the Monroe Doctrine relate to the sense of nationalism during the Young Nation time period?
Time Allows... Complete a War of 1812 BUMPER STICKER - Clear on if you support the war or not - A slogan and picture - On the back: reason why or why you do not support the war using historical support!
Day 4: Monroe Doctrine & Marshall Court November 1st/2nd
Monroe & Foreign Policy Nationalism was a priority for the growing US after the War of 1812 The Federalists had opposed the War of 1812. After the war, they became so unpopular that they disappeared! James Monroe was elected president in 1816 New political parties would come soon, but for a while, everyone was a Republican This was called The Era of Good Feelings, without opposition, Monroe got a lot done!
More about Monroe... President Monroe signed a treaty with Britain to jointly occupy the Oregon Territory This would keep Russia and Spain out! It would also give the US a claim on the Pacific Coast
Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy Relations with Spain (1817 - Florida belonged to Spain) United States sent Andrew Jackson and a small army down to the Georgia-Florida border to stop the Indian & outlaw raids Jackson is NOT supposed to attack the Spanish so, he invaded Florida Adams-Onis Treaty (1819): Spain gave up on Florida for $5 million and a US promise to stay out of Texas
Political Cartoon - Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine Other European powers were planning to (re)take their colonies in the Caribbean and Latin America In his 1923 address to Congress, Monroe made it clear to Europe: DO NOT MESS WITH THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE This is known as the Monroe Doctrine
The Marshall Court (Judicial Nationalism)
Judicial Nationalism: The Marshall Court Chief Justice Marshall was a Federalist and believed in a strong central government Marshall sets several legal precedents that strengthened the power of the Supreme Court as an equal branch of government
Judicial Nationalism: The M&M Cases Marbury v. Madison Established the principle of Judicial Review - the ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional McCulloch v. Maryland Established the principle of Implied Powers - the ability of the Supreme Court to determine national powers that aren t in the Constitution, and to say that states can t overrule national laws Gibbons v. Ogden Said that the national government controls commerce between states
Historical Cases in Greater Detail... Marbury v. Madison The Midnight Judges Can Congress tell the Court to enforce a duty of the executive branch? The first time a law is declared unconstitutional! Judicial Review The power of the Courts to review laws of Congress and decide whether they are constitutional
Historical Cases in Greater Detail... McCullough v. Maryland Maryland wanted to tax a branch of the National Bank (that was located in Maryland) Does the Constitution even allow a National Bank at all? States can t be more powerful than the national government Implied Powers - the Courts can interpret the Constitution to say what the government can and can t do
Historical Cases in Greater Detail... Gibbons v Ogden Who gets to control the ferry business between NY & NJ? Each state wanted control Federal control of Interstate Commerce The national government has the final say in regulating commerce between the states
The Marshall Court The Marshall Court set the foundation of the Supreme Court s authority to solve disagreements between Branches of governments Levels of governments And competing business interests
Day 5: Jackson (Hero or Villain?) November 3rd/4th
The Age of Jackson Andrew Jackson s election in 1828, brought in a new era of popular democracy
Andrew Jackson: Hero or Villain? Born in 1767 in NC Orphaned at 13 - no formal education Emotional, Arrogant, and Passionate Always ready to duel Defeated the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend in 1814 & the British at New Orleans in 1815 Took Florida and claimed it for the US in 1819 Loved by his soldiers who called him Old Hickory Distrusted the rich and powerful
The Election of 1824: The Corrupt Bargain Jackson ran in a 4-way race for President in 1824 (all the same party! remind you of this year s Rep primary???) Even though Jackson won the popular vote, he didn t receive a majority of electoral votes Henry Clay gives his support to JQ Adams and the House of Representatives chooses Adams as President Adams names Clay Secretary of State 2 weeks later hmm. AJ is furious: The Corrupt Bargain AJ Publicly supports changes in state laws about who can vote
Result: 3 times as many people vote & Andrew Jackson wins
Election of Andrew Jackson Jackson, a hero of the common man, won election in 1828 in part because the right to vote had been expanded to more citizens In the 1824 election, won by JQA, 350,000 white males voted In 1828, over 1,000,000 white males voted in the nastiest campaign ever Comparing it to this year s election? Many of the new voters supported Jackson who also won re-election in 1832
Jacksonian Democracy As part of his political philosophy, Jackson sought to grant political power to the common people: Age of the Common Man Jackson rewarded his own supporters with government jobs this is called The Spoils System Jackson gave away many jobs to his friends and political allies and fired the rich and powerful elites
The age of the common man was characterized by... Heightened emphasis on equality in the political process for adult white males (rich white guys) The rise of interest groups politics and sectional issues A changing style of campaigning - political parties tried to appeal to folks (free food, ads, campaigns) Increased voter participation Politics started to look like what we know today. Do you think these changes were good or bad for the nation?
Indian Removal Act - 1830 Jackson s Native American Policy Indian Removal Act of 1830 - Forced resettlement of Native Americans (Cherokee and others) from their homes in the Southeast to Oklahoma and lands west of the Mississippi River Bureau of Indian Affairs created to oversee resettlement Many forced onto reservations The Cherokee claimed the relocation was wrong and it went to the supreme court Marshall ruled in favor of the Cherokee Tribe Jackson s response: Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it
Forced relocation of the Cherokee Tribe. Before the journey was over ¼ of the tribe perished - Reflected Jackson s personal apathy toward Native Americans (he didn t care)
Tariff of Abomination In 1824 and again in 1828, Congress increased the Import Tariff What is a tariff again? Southerners called the 1828 Tariff, a Tariff of Abominations, and blamed it for economic problems in the South
Nullification Threat In an attempt to avoid paying the tariff, John Calhoun (Jackson s VP from SC), developed the Theory of Nullification South Carolinians argued that states could nullify the Tariff of 1832 and other acts of Congress if they found them to be unconstitutional. Nullification would make the law void within the state Jackson threatened to send federal troops to SC Haven t we heard of this before?
Jackson s Bank War Jackson opposed the National Bank - run by the rich and powerful He vetoed its charter and withdrew all the federal $$$ He created Pet Banks run by Democrats and his friends Many felt Jackson was acting more like a King than a president His opponents formed a new party The Whigs Pet Banks led to depression
Jackson s Legacy: Hero or Villain? http://ed.ted.com/lessons/history-vs-andre w-jackson-james-fester History Channel Video about $20 Will it be a woman?
Hero or Villain?