Chapter 5 HW Group 1: Why did the colonists object to the new taxes in 1764 and again in 1765? What arguments did they use? How did these conflicts turn into a constitutional crisis? (Page 147) Mention: Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Vice Admiralty Courts, George Grenville
Chapter 5 HW Group 2: Weigh the relative importance of economic and ideological motives in promoting the colonial resistance movement. Which was more important? Why? (Page 155) Mention: Stamp Act Congress, Sons of Liberty, Enlightenment, Townshend Acts, Non-Importation, Boston Massacre
Boston Tea Party leads to Coercive (aka Intolerable ) Acts
Colonist Respond both calmly Ex: Committees of Correspondence & First Continental Congress AND
with Force Ex: Lexington & Concord & Bunker Hill (1775) Patriots (Whigs) & Loyalists (Tories) begin undeclared war as Minutemen fire Shot Heard Round the World & Massachusetts militia told, Don t fire till you see the whites of their eyes.
Chapter 5 HW Group 3: Why did colonial and British leaders fail to reach a political compromise to save the empire? (Page 167) Mention: Continental Congress, Lexington & Concord, Tories & Whigs, Common Sense, Declaration of Independence
Excerpts from Thomas Paine s, Common Sense, 1776 This new world hath been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe. Hither have they fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster; and it is so far true of England, that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still. Everything that is right or reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, 'tis time to part. The cause of America is in a great measure the cause of all mankind. Volumes have been written on the subject of the struggle between England and America. Men of all ranks have embarked in the controversy, from different motives, and with various designs; but all have been ineffectual, and the period of debate is closed. Arms, as the last resource, decide the contest; the appeal was the choice of the king, and the continent hath accepted the challenge.... The sun never shined on a cause of greater worth. 'Tis not the affair of a city, a country, a province, or a kingdom, but of a continent of at least one eighth part of the habitable globe. 'Tis not the concern of a day, a year, or an age; posterity are virtually involved in the contest, and will be more or less affected, even to the end of time, by the proceedings now. Now is the seed time of continental union, faith and honor....
Why did it take the Continental Congress more than a year after Lexington & Concord for an official Declaration of Independence? Sentimental attachment to England & King was strong Colonial elite fear anarchy Hope that the British would change policies Reluctance of colonial merchants to lose trade w/ UK Failed invasion of Canada & defeat at Bunker Hill illustrates American military shortcomings Lack of consensus at Continental Congress But, after Olive Branch Petition rejected in November, 1775, Many colonial legislatures meet as well as the 2 nd Continental Congress meet in Philadelphia in Summer of 1776 and
Excerpts From the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America, July 1776 When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislature... He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world For imposing taxes on us without our consent For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury