ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

Big Idea As the US expanded, there was more debate over slavery and new attempts at compromise

New western states continued to enter the Union -New states: IN, IL, MS, AL

President James Monroe 1817-1825 Democratic-Republican

Presidential Rankings: C-Span Survey, 2009 1. Abraham Lincoln 2. Franklin Roosevelt 3. George Washington 4. Theodore Roosevelt 5. Harry Truman 6. John Kennedy 7. Thomas Jefferson 8. Dwight Eisenhower 9. Woodrow Wilson 10. Ronald Reagan 11. Lyndon Johnson 12. James Polk 13. Andrew Jackson 14. James Monroe 15. Bill Clinton 16. William McKinley 17. John Adams 18. George H.W. Bush 19. John Quincy Adams 20. James Madison 21. Grover Cleveland 22. Gerald Ford 23. Ulysses Grant 24. William Taft 25. Jimmy Carter 26. Calvin Coolidge 27. Richard Nixon 28. James Garfield 29. Zachary Taylor 30. Benjamin Harrison 31. Martin Van Buren 32. Chester Arthur 33. Rutherford Hayes 34. Herbert Hoover 35. John Tyler 36. George W. Bush 37. Millard Fillmore 38. Warren Harding 39. William Harrison 40. Franklin Pierce 41. Andrew Johnson 42. James Buchanan

The Election of 1816

Era of Good Feelings Republicans nominate James Monroe VA dynasty Fought in revolution, minister of France, Louisiana Purchaser One-party rule Took a tour of the country to inspect military defenses People liked this!

Two major issues during Monroe s Presidency: 1. Panic of 1819 2. Missouri Compromise of 1820

Panic of 1819 Economic panic brought deflation, depression, bankruptcy, bank failures, unemployment, soup kitchens, debtor prisons Causes: 1. Immediate cause: overspeculation on frontier lands by banks Sell for a small down payment, expect profit from interest on loans 2. Inflation from the war and economic downturn after the war 3. Wildcat (state) western banks foreclosed on western farms

Westward Expansion 9 frontier states Admitted alternately, free then slave, to keep N-S balance Cheap land appealing to European immigrants Land exhaustion in tobacco states Speculators accepted small down payments Embargo caused financial distress Indians crushed Highways (Cumberland Rd connects Maryland to IL) and steamboats Land Act of 1820 cheap prices ($1.25 an acre) but must pay in full

Westward Expansion Society Not enough people to have a voice had to ally with other sections Black codes keep blacks from following Southerners want to leave structure behind Northerners recreate their society in the west Schools, roads, canals, railroads Taxes to fund

Davy Crockett became America s first pop culture hero throughout the country for his hunting and fighting skills in the west.

Missouri Compromise Missouri wants to be admitted as a slave state had the population Tallmadge Amendment no more slaves brought into Missouri and gradual emancipation of slave children Southerners upset Senate defeated it Right now in the Senate 11 free and 11 slave North increasing in pop = increase in reps Missouri is 1 st state west of Miss. R. to be carved out of purchase If amendment passed, dangerous precedent If slavery abolished in Missouri, will it be abolished in other states?

Missouri Compromise of 1820 1. Missouri admitted as slave state 2. Free soil Maine admitted 3. No slaves in territory north of 36 30 line in Louisiana Purchase (southern border of Missouri) Northern land not suited for slavery anyway Settled slavery Q for a time

Missouri Compromise

The Election of 1820

Court Cases Significance of all cases: increased power of federal government at expense of the states McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Maryland tried to destroy a branch of the BUS by taxing its notes Decision: bank is right, Maryland can t tax bank the power to tax involves the power to destroy Cohens v. Virginia (1821) Cohens were found guilty by VA courts of illegally selling lottery tickets Decision: VA decision upheld Significance Supreme Ct can review state court decisions Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) steamboat case NY tried to grant a private steamboat company the monopoly on NY/NJ trade Decision: Overturned - Congress controls interstate trade

Fletcher v. Peck (1810) property rights case Georgia govt, swayed by bribes, granted 35 mil acres to private speculators (Yazoo land) The next elected government canceled the transaction Decision: the grant was a contract and states can t impede contracts Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) College was granted a charter by King George III in 1769 NH govt wanted to change charter make public Decision: original charter remained

Daniel Webster: he ghost wrote some of Marshall s decisions

Foreign Policy Treaty of 1818/Anglo-American Convention with England (negotiated by John Quincy Adams) 1. Share Newfoundland fisheries w/ Canada 2. 49th parallel became American- Canadian border 3. 10 year joint occupation of Oregon

Convention of 1818

U.S. gains Florida from Spain Already had a western chunk during War of 1812 L. American Revolutions needed Spanish focus 1 st Seminole War Jackson invaded Florida because of hostile Indians and fugitive slaves We stated Spanish were harboring threats to US Jackson goes on killing spree villain or hero? Adams-Onis Treaty/Florida Purchase Treaty US gets Florida, but gives up claims to Texas

Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819

Monroe Doctrine Background: European Monarchs want to rid world of democracy (not GB they like L. American trade) Stops rebellions in Italy and Spain Want to take back Latin America US doesn t want Europeans in the Western sphere Russia has Alaska controls down to 51 st parallel and has trading posts on Pacific coast 1823 GB asks US for an alliance to keep Europeans out of L. America J.Q. Adams no need for an alliance no proof of European invasion and if it did, then GB would block them with its navy Would later deny us from going after any more Spanish territory

Monroe Doctrine (1823) Written by John Quincy Adams Stern warning to Europeans (especially Russia) More about ourselves than L. America 1. Non-colonization keep what you have but no more land! 2. Non-intervention keep monarchies out of W. Hemisphere

John Quincy Adams: one of the most significant secretaries of state in U.S. history: a. Convention of 1818 b. Adams-Onis Treaty (Florida Purchase Treaty) c. Monroe Doctrine

By the late-19 th century, the U.S. had enough military to enforce the Monroe Doctrine with regard to major powers such as Britain and Germany.

Effects Europe angered US has no military to back this up! (arrogance) Not really significant then will be later cornerstone of US foreign policy (late 1800s-1900s) Russo-American Treaty (1824) Russian Alaska stops at 54 40 Shows our nationalism! But also gives us the illusion that we are isolated

Era of Good Feelings An appropriate title? Yes it was No it was not