Ch. 20-PREPARING FOR WAR! Unanswerable Question #1:Was the Civil War inevitable? Discuss! 1
Goodbye Dems, and thanks for the memories Until now the Democrats had escaped the worst of sectional conflict within the party. Douglas seems the obvious winner in 1860 However, DredScott convinces many Southerners to limit ANY limitations on slavery Douglas still supported popular sovereignty and gains the nomination of the Northern Democrats (The Freeport Doctrine cost him Southern support). The far stronger Southern Democrats nominated John C. Breckinridge instead. This and the 1860 election, de facto (by nature) transformed the Democrats into a sectional Southern party, just like the Republicans were a sectional Northern party. 2
Yet there remained Northern Democrats NYC Draft (Race) Riots Copperheads-(sympathetic Northerners) Border States As usual it was a poor man s war Brother vs. Brother, Father vs. Son King Cotton (Textile owners & workers) Racism But-still 90% of Union army is volunteer Did Lincoln had to sneak into Washington D.C.? 3
So WHYdoes the South secede? 1. Principle of preserving slavery as an institution- the shrinking South 2. Fear Thesis- Racial fear 3. Southern nationalism-a sense of southern unity 4. Agrarianism?...(meh, not so much) 5. Notion of a tradition of a Southern honor But luckily the Border States stay Lincoln calls out loyal Maryland militia to temporarily arrest Democratic state legislators-violation of Habeas Corpus Federal troops help state militia s put down proslavery forces in Missouri West Virginia is aided in its attempt to leave Va. Destroying the Constitution to save it? Pre-game Analysis! The North! Industrial Weapons Medicine Clothing Transportation: The army marches on its stomach! The South! Defensive war: did not have to win just outlast the North Underdogs Rural pop. Foreign Aid? (don t count on it) 4
Pre-game Analysis! The North! The South! Elected Appointed Some numbers to hang your hat on North to South ratio Free males aged 18-60 Factory production Iron Firearms Wheat Railroad mileage 4.4:1 10:1 15:1 32:1 412:1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 2.4:1 5
Pre-game Analysis! The North! Population Breadbasket Lincoln! Money The South! Military leaders Jackson Lee J.E.B. Stuart Johnston Not Davis Notice the Irish flags 6
Unanswerable Question #2: How do you form a centralized government that is based on decentralization of power? Confederate Government A confederation of 11 countries Jeff Davis is weak and indecisive. Puts one leader from each state on his cabinet. 7
Cont. CSA congress threatened to impeach him several times State armies refused to serve outside their borders States refuse to pay taxesrunaway inflation (9000%) Union government Lincoln totally in charge Exceeds the power of the presidency Suspends Habeas Corpus Cont. Votes in border states were NOT by secret ballot Gave $2 million to private citizens to supply the army w/ food, etc. Creates the 1 st of the Millionaire Americans Lincoln Establishes an illegal Income Tax, later repealed 8
Republicans caught burying the constitution 9
Sold almost $3 BILLION in war bonds to finance the war. Set up the National Banking System 1863 Morrill Tariff helps revive depression ridden manufacturing Gold flooding in from the west keeps economy booming Factories boomed on government contracts Armourand Swift: meatpacking deals Coal mines to supply steam ships and RR s Iron works to build RR s McCormick reapers to harvest while farmers fought 10
Lincoln s Dilemma: Appease Radical abolitionists Appease Moderates Appease Border states Will the common man Fight??? 11
England Stays Out Almost declares war on US after Trent affair. Lincoln backs down. Needed northern wheat more than southern cotton (Egypt and India) But does sell Alabama class warships and Blockade Laird Rams runners to the South Britain does NOT protest Union blockade of English shipping Continued Uncle Tom s Cabin England Gives Canada more independence to keep them loyal Agrees to quit arming the South AFTER Antietam 12
FRANCE TAKES ADVANTAGE Napoleon III sends an army into Mexico Places Archduke of Austria Maximillian on the throne Violation of Monroe Doctrine 1865 US threaten war against the French puppet in Mexico 13