PEOPLE S PROCESS OF HOUSING Lalith Lankatilleke UN-HABITAT
PEOPLE S PROCESS OF HOUSING Originated in Sri Lanka in the Million Houses Programme in 1984 Leadership provided by President Premadasa Lessons provided by the People Articulated by a group of dedicated Professionals Implemented by the NHDA 2-27
MILLION HOUSES PROGRAMME People at the Centre of the process of: Decision Making Action Responsibility Supported by the Authorities (NHDA and LGs) 3-27
INNOVATIVE METHODS OF SUPPORT Housing Options and Loans Package (HOLP) Community Mobilization and Organization Community Surveys Community Action Planning (CAP) Community Contracting Community Monitoring Community Savings and Credit 4-27
URBAN HOUSING SUB PROGRAMME Regularization of Informal Settlements Planning through CAP Tenure Rights Infrastructure through Community Contracting Most Importantly People s Rights to Live in the City 5-27
MHP S GLOBAL IMPACT UN-HABITAT promoted enabling housing policies throughout out the world Shelter for All by Year 2000 UN Resolution sponsored by HE. President Premadasa adopted the enabling approach The world is still far behind achieving this target Could we a set new Global Target as Shelter for All by 2025 announced by Hon Minister Sajith Premadasa? Sri Lankan professionals took the message to the world with remarkable success Reputed academic institutions like MIT, DPU researched and promoted The People s Process. 6-15
MHP S GLOBAL IMPACT UN-HABITAT implements 85% of its work through Community Contracts Successful National Programmes based on the People s Process: Namibia: Build Together National Housing Programme (1992 to date) South Africa: National Housing Programme (1995 to date) Bangladesh: Urban Poverty Alliviation Programme (2000 to date) Thailand: Ban Mekong Pakistan: Post Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Programme (2006 2011) 7-27
COMMUNITY ACTION PLANNING
SOUTH AFRICA 1995 Context Nelson Mandela released in 1994 New democratic Govt. established in 1995 80% of cities were shack settlements Housing for the majority was the main issue Constitutions and Policies don t Build Houses: But People Do South African Homeless Federation 1995 Deprofessionalizing Planning and Housing and Supporting a People s Process in Africa: Lalith Lankatilleke 1995
SOUTH AFRICA 1995 Housing Subsidy Programme Contractors building tiny houses to replace the shacks Beneficiaries unhappy with the house provided by the contractors Introduced the People s Process of Housing as an alternative Govt adopted the People s Process in other development programmes 10-27
PEOPLE S PROCESS REALIZATION THROUGH EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
PAKISTAN 2007 Post Earthquake Rural Housing Reconstruction Programme One of the most successful post disaster reconstruction programmes in the world adopting the People s Process Over 530,000 Over 530,000 houses houses were were rebuilt rebuilt in 5 in years 5 years Of these 105,000 were built in traditional dhaji construction 12-27
WHAT HAPPENED IN SRI LANKA IN THE LAST TWO DECADES????? Housing received low priority; piecemeal projects Private sector invested in high income housing Banks catering to upper middle income groups Rural poor investing their own resources for housing While the urban poor lived under the treat of eviction, thus not investing in the improvement of their housing 13-27
2016: A NEW OPPORTUNITY TO LAUNCH A PEOPLE S HOUSING MOVEMENT We have to change the lives of people who are living in poverty besides luxury HE President Maithripala Sirisena 29 January 2016 A Modern Economy is nothing without its people Hon. Prime Minister, Ranil Wickramasighe 14-27
CONTEXTUALIZING THE NEW OPPORTUNITY A government committed to restore the rights of marginalized people Four Pillars of the Megapolis Guiding Principles: Economic Growth and Prosperity Social Equity and Harmony Environmental Sustainability Individual Happiness Goal 4 of the Megapolis Plan: Smart Livable Places Chapter 6 of Megapolis Plan on Housing: Regeneration of Underserved Areas 15-27
Where do we start? LAUNCHING A PEOPLE S HOUSING MOVEMENT The Platform for the People s Housing Movement has been created Start with NHDA assets: technical skills, land and infrastructure Transform into a pro-people s organization Establish strong partnerships with the state sector and the private sector Design the programme with people, local governments and the private sector 16-27
CURRENT PROBLEM Majority of urban poor lives on state land in poor and unsatisfactory housing conditions People living without rights and rudimentary services Potentials of people cannot be realized due to the absence of a programme to support people to improve their living conditions Potentials of land assets cannot be realized due lack of responsive financial system Inadequate supply of affordable housing for urban lower middle income families 17-27
RESOURCES AND COMMITTMENTS Social Capital from people s energy to improve their lives Land that can generate the capital required Capital from local and international financial institutions Political commitment to bestow people s rights Institutional commitment, technical know-how and enthusiasm 18-27
ACTIONS REQUIRED 1. Building Social Capital through mobilization of people 2. Sourcing Financial Capital from financial institutions 3. Optimizing the use of Land for people and urban regeneration 19-27
Recognize the rights of people to location where they have been living Ensure equity amongst all PRINCIPLES Placing people at the center of decision making and action Creating social mobility by allowing people to exercise choices regarding where to live, how to use funds and how to source income Transparency in the utilization of all resources Planning to ensure mixed development across income groups, livelihood opportunities and commercial and service sector activities 20-20 27
RESOURCE & SUPPORT FRAMEWORK FOR REGENERATION PEOPLE Social capital Mobilisation Organisation Savings LAND State x private sector Regeneration Readjustment Mixed development through planning MONEY Financial institutions State Families 21-27
PRIMARY RESOURCE PEOPLE Motivation Energy Creativity Bonding SOCIAL CAPITAL TRANSFORMATION TO SOCIAL CAPITAL Mobilisation Organisation Groups Community Development Councils Savings and credit Planning Action for their own development 22-27
SECONDARY LAND RESOURCE OPTIMISATION THROUGH PLANNING & DESIGN State People Private sector Use value for people Market value to raise capital Readjustment Mixed use of housing and commercial for a ranging of income groups, offices and services 23-27
TERTIARY RESOURCE REALISATION THROUGH FINANCIAL MECHANISMS MONEY Financial institutions (local and international) State Families Affordability Accessibility Savings Loans Cross-subsidies Rent 24-27
COMPONENTS OF THE URBAN HOUSING PROGRAMME 1 Urban Regeneration through planning land readjustment for mixed uses 2 Upgrading underserved settlements with improved infrastructure, additional living and commercial space 3 Incentivizing rental housing by the state, private sector and individual families 25-27
SYNERGY OF RESOURCES Human Capital Corporate Capital Social Capital State Capital 6-27
" No matter how many times a spider's web is torn down by wind and rain, the spider repeatedly rebuilds its web with exquisite efficiency and precision, for the spider has the freedom to build; no bureaucrats and professionals standing in the way" Lalith Lankatilleke Thank You 27