Unit 9-10 Study Guide 1. What World War II conference between the Potsdam major Allied leaders ultimately triggered the Cold War? 2. Which organization, founded in 1948, replaced the League of Nations and was tasked with providing funds to rebuild Europe after World War II 3. Which US policy was adopted in the stages after World War II that promised to give financial assistance to any country that would reject communism and the influence of the Soviet union? 4. What organization of countries was formed after WWII to provide collective security against communism and aggression in Western Europe? United Nations Marshall Plan North Atlantic Treaty Organization 5. What controversial nation was founded in 1948 by Western Allied Powers in order to provide a sovereign home country for the Jewish people that had been so persecuted during the Holocaust? 6. Which leader led communist forces to victory in China in a bloody civil war after the fall of the Japanese Empire and the end of WWII? Israel Mao Zedong 7. What country did the US ally with in its first attempt to stop communism in the 1950s when it was threatened by its northern neighbor? South Korea 8. What was revived in the US after the fall of China to communism and the Korean War? Second Red Scare
9. What was the collective name given to the group of movie producers and directors that were accused of being communist spies and blacklisted in Hollywood? 10. Who claimed that communists had overrun the US State Department and would trigger the second Red Scare? Hollywood Ten Joseph McCarthy 11. What federal agency was founded in order to hunt down suspected communist sympathizers residing in the US? House on Un-American Activities Committee 12. Which US president, and conductor of the D-Day invasion during WWII, furthered the US policy of containment by adding a Massive Retaliation tactic against the Soviet Union? Dwight Eisenhower 13. The Space Race between the US and USSR was triggered by what event? Sputnik 14. Which Russian cosmonaut became the first man in space? Yuri Gagarin 15. What was the primary purpose of NASA s Gemini program? Test the effectiveness of prolonged space flight 16. Which NASA mission program put the first American, Alan Shepherd, into outer space? Mercury 17. What Congressional Act coupled with the recent baby boom caused the birth and rapid growth of the American suburbs? Servicemen s Readjustment Act
18. Who was known for building communities of mass produced housing in order to accommodate for the rapidly growing American suburbs? William Levitt 19. What Congressional bill did Eisenhower urge through Congress to dramatically improve US infrastructure? Interstate Highway Act 20. The migration to the Sunbelt States in the 1950s was largely triggered by the invention of what new innovation? Air conditioner 21. Which musician popularized the rock-n-roll genre in the United States setting the stage for numerous musicians to come? Elvis Presley 22. What invention completely changed American society in the 1950s by dramatically increasing the speed that Americans could receive outside media, news, and other information? Television 23. What historic presidential debate was the first televised debate in US history? Kennedy-Nixon Debates 24. Which two communist leaders led a revolution in Cuba to overthrow US allied Cuban President Fulgencio Batista? Fidel Castro & Che Guevara 25. What was the name of the failed invasion of Cuba by US supported rebels to overthrow Castro's regime? Bay of Pigs 26. What discovery caused the US and USSR to come to their closest point of using nuclear weapons against each other during the Cold War in October 1962? Discovery of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba
27. What was the first manned mission to land on the moon? Apollo 11 28. What was Lyndon B. Johnson's vision for America after Kennedy's death? Great Society 29. What Supreme Court case officially overturned the segregation policies of Plessy v. Ferguson by outlawing segregation in American public schools? Brown v. Board of Education 30. The theory that said if Vietnam falls to communism then Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, and other Southeast Asian countries would also turn communist was known as the. 31. What event marked the beginning of the major protests against the conflict in Vietnam? Domino Theory Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 32. Which 2 major US leaders were both murdered in 1968 thereby causing a major power shift in the Democratic party? Martin Luther King (MLK) Robert F. Kennedy (RFK) 33. Who was the first person to break the color barrier in major league baseball? Jackie Robinson 34. Who was the prosecuting attorney in the Brown v. Board case? Thurgood Marshall 35. What was the collective name of the group of students that volunteered to integrate Central High School in 1957? Little Rock 9
36. Whose protest in Montgomery, Alabama ultimately gave birth to the Civil Rights Movement? Rosa Parks 37. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his most famous speech, "I Have a Dream", during the protest commonly known as the. March on Washington 38. Which Civil Rights organization, founded in 1966, urged a more militant version of Civil Rights that originally pushed for black supremacy in American society and aimed to become the paramilitary wing of the Civil Rights Movement? 39. Who won the 1968 election due to the frustration that had built up against the Democratic Party during the 1960s? Black Panthers Richard Nixon 40. What communist country did Nixon manage to establish a trade agreement with during his administration which ultimately began to thaw the tensions of the Cold War? 41. Which political scandal forced Nixon to resign from the Presidency in lieu of impeachment? China Watergate 42. What action did President Gerald Ford take against Nixon that caused so much controversy and ultimately cost Ford the 1976 election? Pardoned Nixon from Watergate 43. What controversial Supreme Court case legalized a woman's right to an abortion? Roe v. Wade
44. The most notable highlight of President Jimmy Carter's administration was the negotiation of the Camp David Accords between which two Middle Eastern countries? Israel & Egypt 45. The Cold War symbolically ended with which major event? Destruction of the Berlin Wall 46. President Bill Clinton negotiated the opening of trade without tariffs between the United States, Canada, and Mexico in an agreement known as the. North American Free Trade Agreement 47. The domestic terrorist incident that materialized as the first major school shooting in the United States happened at which Colorado high school in 1999? Columbine High School 48. What standing political system in the United States was ultimately questioned after the controversial election in 2000? Electoral System 49. Which Middle Eastern leader was accused of having masterminded the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon? Osama bin Laden 50. Which of the following were reasons that the 2008 election a historic election? - Neither candidate has served previously as President of Vice-President - Both major candidates were born outside the continental US - Obama would have been the first African American President - Palin would have been the first female Vice- President