World Civilizations The Global Experience AP Seventh Edition Chapter 28 Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Figure 28.1 Japanese children at school. Showing children the latest in naval technology suggests the relationship between education and other aspects of Japanese development in the later 19th century.
Chapter Overview I. Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance II. Protest and Revolution in Russia III.Japan: Transformation without Revolution
TIMELINE 1700 C.E. to 1900 C.E.
TIMELINE (continued) 1700 C.E. to 1900 C.E.
Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance 1861, Russia begins social, political reform Russia before Reform Anti-Westernization backlash Following Napoleon's invasion, 1812 Holy Alliance Decembrist uprising, 1825 Suppressed by Nicholas I Russia avoids revolutions of 1830, 1848
Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance Economic and Social Problems The Peasant Question Crimean War (1854 1856) Defeat by industrial powers Alexander II turns to industrialization
Map 28.1 Russian Expansion, 1815 1914 Russia continued to push to the west, south, and east. At first, its main conflicts were with the Ottoman empire. Later, however, conflicts in east Asia loomed larger.
Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance The Reform Era and Early Industrialization 1861, emancipation of serfs Forced to buy lands Productivity stagnant Alexander II Reforms of 1860s, 1870s Zemstvoes Military reform Some educational reform
Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance The Reform Era and Early Industrialization Industrialization Railways Pacific reached, 1880s Siberia opened to development Factories, 1880s
Figure 28.2 This late 19th-century roadside scene depicts the poverty of a Russian peasant village. What forces produced such poor conditions, even after serfdom had been abolished?
Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance The Reform Era and Early Industrialization Industrialization Count Witte, 1892 1903 High tariffs Banking system improved Western investment sought
Protest and Revolution in Russia The Road to Revolution Intelligentsia Ethnic minorities Demands Peasants Famine, taxes Anarchists Fail to win peasant support Suppressed
Protest and Revolution in Russia The Road to Revolution 1881, Alexander II assassinated New ideas Marxist socialism Lenin (Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov) Bolsheviks
Protest and Revolution in Russia The Revolution of 1905 Expansion continues Ottomans pushed back, 1870s New Slavic nations created Into Manchuria Defeated in Russo-Japanese war, 1904 05 Revolution, 1905
Protest and Revolution in Russia The Revolution of 1905 Duma created Minister Stolypin Stolypin reforms Kulaks
Map 28.2 The Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese war focused on disputes over Chinese territory. Japan had acquired the Liaodong peninsula after its victory over China, but Russia and others forced it out and then maneuvered for territory of their own. Japan proposed a split of Manchuria but assumed negotiations would fail, and so attacked the Russian fleet at Port Arthur, and later won over Russian armies in China as well. A Russian fleet sent from the Baltic was humiliated at Tsushima Strait, which effectively ended the war.
Protest and Revolution in Russia Russia and Eastern Europe Other nations follow Russia Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece Parliaments End to serfdom Some industrialization Cultural revival Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy Tchaikovsky, Chopin, Liszt Mendel, Pavlov
Figure 28.3 Women marching in the Russian Revolution of 1905.
Japan: Transformation without Revolution The Final Decades of the Shogunate Shogonate Alliance with daimyos, samurai Culture under the Tokugawa Thriving Neo-Confucianism Variety of schools, terakoya Dutch studies
Japan: Transformation without Revolution The Final Decades of the Shogunate By 1850s Economy slowing Rural riots
Japan: Transformation without Revolution The Challenge to Isolation Commodore Matthew Perry 1853, Japanese ports forced to open Shogunate bureaucrats Open doors reluctantly Others want to end isolation Conservative daimyos for isolation
Japan: Transformation without Revolution The Challenge to Isolation Unrest 1868, shogunate defeated Meiji restoration Emperor Mutsuhito (Meiji)
The Separate Paths of Japan and China China Government centralization Population growth Dynastic decline Japan More flexible Benefits of imitation Political, economic vigor in 19th century China and Japan become enemies.
Japan: Transformation without Revolution Industrial and Political Change in the Meiji State Feudalism ended Appointed prefects from 1871 State expanded Samurai officials to United States Study, promote change
Japan: Transformation without Revolution Industrial and Political Change in the Meiji State 1873 1876, samurai class abolished Some find new roles Iwasaki Yataro: Mitsubishi Political reorganization Constitution, 1889 House of Peers Diet, lower house
Japan: Transformation without Revolution Japan's Industrial Revolution Westernization in other areas Military Banks Railways, steamships Tariffs, guilds removed Ministry of Industry, 1870 Model factories Zaibatsu, 1890s Industrial combines
Visualizing the Past Two Faces of Western Influence
Visualizing the Past Two Faces of Western Influence
Japan: Transformation without Revolution Social and Diplomatic Effects of Industrialization Population increase Culture Universal education Western dress adopted Conversion to Christianity limited Shintoism attracts new followers
Japan: Transformation without Revolution Social and Diplomatic Effects of Industrialization Need for raw materials Sino-Japanese War over Korea, 1894 1895 Alliance with Britain, 1902 War with Russia, 1904 Korea annexed, 1910
Map 28.3 Japanese Colonial Expansion to 1914 The map shows Japan's principal gains, but also the limitations that still frustrated Japanese nationalists.
Japan: Transformation without Revolution The Strain of Modernization Inter-generational debate Nationalism Emperor worship
American President Theodore Roosevelt at the controls of a steam shovel during construction of the Panama Canal. The Canal greatly shortened international travel times.
An antique Italian Red Cross poster. A winged angel bends over a fallen soldier in a frame beside the international logo. Here was a major expression of new international humanitarian impulses and political organization.
Five young Japanese men have arrived in London with the aim of learning from English and Western culture. Among them are Prince Ito Hirobumi (1841 1909) (top right), who would later go on to be prime minister of the first Japanese cabinet government, and Marquis Inouye (bottom left). "Study abroad" was a key element in new levels of globalization.