DOI: 10.1057/9781137443885.0001 The Role of Strategic Intelligence in Law Enforcement
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The Role of Strategic Intelligence in Law Enforcement: Policing Transnational Organized Crime in Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia John Coyne Coordinator, Strategic Intelligence Services, Australian Federal Police (AFP), Canberra, Australia and Peter Bell Senior Lecturer, School of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia DOI: 10.1057/9781137443885.0001
John Coyne and Peter Bell 2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-44387-8 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their right to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978 1 137 44388 5 PDF ISBN: 978 1 349 49544 3 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. www.palgrave.com/pivot doi: 10.1057/9781137443885
Contents List of Figures Notes on Contributors vi viii 1 Introduction 1 2 Transnational Organized Crime 13 3 Intelligence Studies 23 4 International Case Study 1: Criminal Intelligence Service Canada (CISC) 38 5 International Case Study 2: The Serious and Organised Crime Agency (SOCA) 57 6 Australian Case Study 1: The Australian Crime Commission (ACC) 79 7 Australian Case Study 2: Australian Federal Police (AFP) 102 8 Conceptual Frameworks for the Integration of Strategic Intelligence 126 9 Conclusion 145 References 151 Index 168 DOI: 10.1057/9781137443885.0001 v
List of Figures 2.1 Criminal network 17 4.1 CISC Central Bureau Organizational Structure 41 4.2 CISC Central Bureau s goals, deliverables and clients 43 4.3 Canadian Criminal Intelligence Model 46 4.4 Aggregated analysis CISC 48 4.5 Time and reporting focus of CISC strategic intelligence products 51 5.1 SOCA s strategic imperative framework 60 5.2 SOCA s strategic imperative framework analysis 60 5.3 SOCA s outputs framework 62 5.4 Analysis of the association between SOCA s outputs and strategic imperatives framework 62 5.5 UK National Intelligence Model (UK NIM) 67 5.6 Strategic and tactical intelligence in the UK NIM 69 5.7 Conceptual framework for the interaction of intelligence and strategy development 71 6.1 ACC outcomes and outputs framework 85 6.2 ACC structure 87 6.3 Division of the strategic intelligence cycle within the ACC organization structure 87 6.4 ACC s intelligence cycle 91 6.5 ACC product focus 93 6.6 ACC crime analysis/strategic intelligence formulas 93 6.7 ACC intelligence product timeline 96 6.8 ACC intelligence products 97 7.1 AFP organization chart 109 7.2 AFP outcomes and outputs framework 111 vi DOI: 10.1057/9781137443885.0002
List of Figures vii 7.3 AFP intelligence cycle 115 7.4 AFP conceptualization of intelligence focus 117 7.5 AFP Intelligence Portfolio structure including areas focused on TOC 120 7.6 AFP Intelligence Portfolio structure that produces strategic intelligence 121 7.7 Timeline analysis of AFP intelligence reporting 123 8.1 Current strategic intelligence policy framework 135 8.2 Australian Policy Cycle 137 8.3 The intelligence cycle 138 8.4 Proposed theoretical framework for strategic intelligence in law enforcement 139 8.5 Conceptual framework for strategic intelligence policy interface at the law enforcement organizational level 141 DOI: 10.1057/9781137443885.0002
Notes on Contributors John Coyne has worked as an intelligence professional at tactical, operational and strategic levels across a range of public and private sector organizations for almost 20 years. For the past two years, John has performed the duties of Coordinator Strategic Intelligence Services with the Australian Federal Police. He has published several articles in the field of law enforcement intelligence, strategic intelligence, organized crime and fear of crime. His research interests include strategic intelligence in law enforcement intelligence, transnational organized crime and the application of intelligence in support of law enforcement. Coyne s professional and academic work has been formally recognized through a number of honours and awards including the Winston Churchill Trust s Winston Churchill Fellowship and the St James Ethics Centre s Vincent Fairfax Fellowship. Peter Bell is Senior Lecturer at the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Australia. Bell is the author of Policing Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) & Corruption: Exploring the Role of Communication Interception Technology. He has more than 30 years of operational experience in combating TOC and has published extensively on the topic. Bell has held senior intelligence positions with various law enforcement organizations, including the Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence (ABCI), the Queensland Police Service (QPS) and the Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia (OCABC). He has also provided consulting and intelligence training services to various international law enforcement agencies viii DOI: 10.1057/9781137443885.0003
Notes on Contributors ix including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), the Royal Thai Police, the Indonesian National Police (INP), the Beijing Olympic Security Team, the Saudi Arabia Police Service and the Abu Dhabi and Dubai Police Services. In 2002, Bell was retained by the Canadian Standing Committee on National Defense on matters pertaining to Waterfront Organized Crime in Canada. DOI: 10.1057/9781137443885.0003