Current Development Cooperation (DC) in the ASEAN Region Dinur Krismasari Senior Representative, JICA Indonesia Session on New Forms of Development Cooperation and Their Potential for the ASEAN Region; Managing Regional and Global Governance (MRGG) in Asia: Opportunities and Challenges for the ASEAN Economic Community Jakarta, October 7, 2011
Outline 1. Who is the main actors of DC in ASEAN? 2. What is the focus of development cooperation in ASEAN? 3. Why DC essential to achieve AEC? 4. What should be the modality of DC to promote AEC? 5. How we carry out effective DC towards achievement of AEC 2015?
1. Who is the main stakeholders of DC in ASEAN?
Important Bilateral Donors in ASEAN Source: OECD DAC 2008-2009 Laos Vietnam Philippines Indonesia Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Malaysia
Important Multilateral Agencies in ASEAN Source: OECD DAC 2008-2009 Laos Vietnam Philippines Indonesia Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Malaysia
Important Emerging Donors in ASEAN Source: OECD DAC 2008-2009 Laos Vietnam Philippines Indonesia Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Malaysia
Most Beneficiary Countries in ASEAN Source: OECD DAC 2008-2009 2nd 3rd Laos Vietnam Philippines 1st Indonesia Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Malaysia
Important Stakeholders in ASEAN Source: OECD DAC 2008-2009 Bilateral Donors Japan Australia USA Germany Multilateral Donors IDA Asia Development Fund EU Institutions Global Fund Emerging Donors South Korea Thailand DAC Member 2010 Most Beneficiaries (by total) Indonesia Vietnam Philippines Source: JICA s Reference as SSC Partner Emerging Country in Technical Coop. Provider Singapore Malaysia Thailand Indonesia Philippines Vietnam
2. What is the focus of development cooperation in ASEAN?
Malaysia Thailand Indonesia Economic Philippines Social Vietnam Laos Cambodia Myanmar Humanitarian Source: OECD DAC 2008-2009
Support for Social and Economic Development Farmers and other stakeholders at a model site discuss irrigation issues in Vietnam A Japanese-supported bridge linking Laos and Thailand across the Mekong River.
Support for Emergency & Rehabilitation Urgent Emergency Goods Medical Team Restoration of document
3. Why DC essential to achieve AEC?
Every single country should be interdependence Globalization STATE STATE broaden of movement i.e. Movement of people, goods, money + broaden of threats i.e. diseases, terrorism, pollution, climate change, disaster, economic crisis, etc
Level of Development Stage in ASEAN High Income Country: ($ 12,275 or more) Source: World Bank 2011 Singapore Brunei Darussalam Upper Middle Economy: ($ 3,975 - $ 12,275 ) Malaysia Thailand Lower Middle Income Economy ($ 1,005 - $ 3,975) Indonesia Philippines Vietnam Lao PDR Low Income Economy ($ 1,005 or less) Cambodia Myanmar
Benefit of Dev t Cooperation Strengthen Capacity Development (Individual, Institutions, Policy & System) Support Public Investment (Infrastructure Building) Speed up the Development Stage upgrading ( LIC LMIC UMIC HIC ) Maintaining Sustainable Development and Avoid Risk of Development Shock ( Financial Crisis, Disaster, Climate Change etc)
4. What should be the modality of DC to promote AEC?
Language Study, Culture Exchange What is the form of Development Cooperation Technical Cooperation Dispatch Expert, Training/Seminar, Tech Coop Project, Technical Assistance, Development Study, Volunteers, Scholarship Economic & Financial Cooperation ODA Project Loan, Program Loan, Credit Export Science & Technology Cooperation Joint Research, Technology Development Cultural Cooperation
HUMAN SECURITY (Ketahanan Masyarakat) Modality 1 : Human Security Concept Human Security concept on development model PROTECTION HUMAN BEING Top Down Approach Role of the State i.e. rule of law, accountable institution etc. EMPOWERMENT Bottom Up Approach Role of People i.e. participate in defining and implementing
Modality 2: Capacity Development (CD) Concept National / Social capacity Institutional Capacity Human Capital Individual Level: Improvement of technical or other specialized knowledge of individual by receiving a training program or the guidance of experts Organizational Level: Changes in organizations, i.e. recipient institutions, implementing institutions, agency in-charge of technical cooperation. These changes, based on contributions and effects obtained at the individual level, include improvement of knowledge and skills in the organizations and transformation of organizational structure and system. National and Societal Level: Change brought by contribution and effects obtained at the organizational level and expanded outside of organization that directly involve. These change include those found in country policy, strategy and system, as well as people s beliefs and culture
Modality 3: Action Oriented for Successful Cooperation Relevance : consistency with priority needs and development policy Effectiveness : achievement based on expected purpose and goal Efficiency : input resources utilized properly to make more benefit Impact : direct and indirect positive effect of activities Sustainability : continuation of benefit based on self reliance efforts PLAN Ex-Ante Evaluation Project Design Matrix Ex-Post Evaluation SEE Terminal Evaluation DO Monitoring Mid Term Evaluation
Modality 4: Aid & Cooperation should be Catalyzing Dev t Source: Catalyzing Development: A New Vision for Aid; 2011; Brookings Institutions
5. How we carry out effective DC towards achievement of AEC 2015?
KEY QUESTIONS Is there any clear direction on regional policy? Is there any clear mandate for Regional Institution to facilitate the cooperation? Is there any linkage between regional policy to each national policy? Is there any coordination mechanism between regional institution and each national country? Is there any coordination among institution in each country (from policy to action)
Synergy on Strategic Policy Development OWNERSHIP SELF - RELIANCE Source: ASIA 2050; Realizing the Asian Century; 2011; Asian Development Bank (ADB)
If possible I would like to share JICA s support to ASEAN