Warm Up I. Create an episode map on the Market Revolution
The Rise of Industry I. The Market Revolution led to increased industrialization in the United States A. More products are made by machines than by hand. Industrialization took place mainly in the northern United States A. Increased industrialization led to increased urbanization in the northern United States B. Americans began moving to cities to seek employment in new industrial factories
Early Factories I. Textiles led the way with early manufacturing A. Clothes were the easiest product to begin mass production B. Textile factories sprang up all over New England I Cost of goods decreased A. Clothes are easier to make B. Workforce is unskilled = low wages Unskilled workers shift from farm work to industry.
Factories Lead to Mass Production I. Factory production soon took over as the primary source of manufacturing in the USA Mass Production: A. Large concentrations of workers B. Centralized supervision C. Water powered machinery D. Machine à mass production I The factory system & market revolution changed the way products were made in the USA
Factory Workers I. Work force consisted of mostly unmarried women & immigrants A. Average age is low 20 s B. Women who were not needed to maintain children mill girls lived under strict rules A. Required to work long hours in harsh conditions I Behavior & church attendance closely monitored. IV. 9 out of 10 women were under 30 years old
Immigration Increases I. 1830-1860 immigration increased in the USA Majority of immigrants came from Germany & Ireland. I Immigrants avoided the south b/c slavery limited their economic opportunities. A. Couldn t find low paying jobs à had slaves IV. Immigrants moved to northern cities to find work in industrial manufacturing
Second Immigration Wave I. Irish immigrants settled in the east. Immigration soared after due to a Potato Famine in Ireland A. 1 million died & 1 million immigrated to U.S. I Faced bitter prejudice b/c they were Catholic & poor.
THE LOWELL FACTORY GIRLS
Lowell Mill I. Lowell Mill = Boston, Massachusetts Lowell Mill pioneered the all women workforce in textile mills I Mill owners hired girls because they could pay less A. Men needed higher wages to support their families IV. Textile work offered better wages than the alternatives. V. Most female workers stayed at Lowell only a few years.
https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=pkjwoyagvui
Conditions at Lowell Mill & New I. Typical Day I IV. England Factories A. Begin 5am Lunch 12:30pm Return 1:00pm Leave 7:00pm Heat, darkness, poor ventilation caused illness Managers forced workers to increase production despite conditions. Mill workers soon became unhappy with these conditions and organized a strike A. Strikes a work stoppage in order to force an employer to respond to demands B. Mill girls began to striking for better working conditions and pay
Labor Strikes & Unions I. Industrial workers organized strikes and soon formed labor unions A. Labor Unions group of workers who fight for better conditions (pay, hours, safety) Strikers declared that they would not return to work unless wages continued. I Factories owners threatened to replace the workers. IV. Strikers returned to work & strike leaders were fired.
NATIONAL TRADE UNIONS I. Industrial workers created unions specific to their trade. Trade unions from different areas joined together. I Workers sought to standardize wages & conditions in a particular industry. IV. National Trade Union largest union A. Union that included workers throughout the entire USA B. Face fierce opposition from bankers & owners C. Hampered by court decisions declaring strikes illegal
Courts Support Strikers I. Early courts ruled that labor strikes were illegal A. Workers could not strike I Commonwealth v. Hunt supported workers right to strike in the case A. Declared that Boston s labor unions could act in such a manner is best to their own interests The Commonwealth ruling allowed American workers to stand up and fight for their own rights
The Age of Reform I. Factory workers were the first people to seek reforms (changes) A. The Lowell Mill girls and other trade unions sought to better themselves and society The economic changes that occurred as a result of labor unions and strikers soon led to social and political reforms in American society I The USA will enter a great period of reforms (changes for the better) after seeing the success of workplace reforms in industry
Are You With Me?? 1 Explain how industrialization lead to increased urbanization: 2 What two groups made up the majority of early industrial labor? 3 Discuss the day to day conditions of early industrial workers and the dangers they faced: 4 How did industrial workers utilize strikes as a means of causing change? 5 Explain the purpose of a labor union and what SCOTUS case allowed workers to form labor unions and fight for better rights?