Ascher, William Why Governments Waste Natural Resources. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

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Bibliography Ascher, William.. Why Governments Waste Natural Resources. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Bannon, Ian and Paul Collier. 3. Natural Resources and Violent Conflict. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. Bolaky, Bineswaree and Caroline Freund.. Trade, Regulations, and Growth. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, Discussion Paper. Cambodia Development Resource Institute (CDRI), supported and supervised by the Asian Development Bank (ADB).. Cambodia: Enhancing Governance for Sustainable Development. Phnom Penh: CDRI. Chhon, H.E. Keat, Sr. Minister of Economy and Finance, A Vision of Growth and Governance, and H.E. Cham Prasidh, Sr. Minister of Commerce, Converting WTO Accession to Poverty Reduction. Speeches at Government-Bank Workshop presenting Seizing the Global Opportunity: Investment Climate Assessment August 1,. Coates, David.. Inland Capture Fishery Statistics of Southeast Asia: Current Status and Information Needs. Rome: FAO. Goodpaster, Gary. 3. Law Reform in Developing Countries. Mimeo. Gottesmann, Evan.. Cambodia after the Khmer Rouge. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Kim, Sedara, Chan Sophal and Sarthi Acharya.. Land, Rural Livelihoods and Food Security in Cambodia. Phnom Penh: CDRI. Kirk, Michael.. State Land Economics in Cambodia. Berlin: LMAP TA-GTZ. Klitgaard, Robert. 19. Controlling Corruption. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. McKenney, Bruce and Prom Tola,. Natural Resources and Rural Livelihoods in Cambodia: A Baseline Assessment. Phnom Penh: CDRI. Meagher, Patrick.. Anti-Corruption Agencies: A review of experience-final Paper. College Park, MD: IRIS Center, University of Maryland. Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy. 3. Private Sector Assessment for Kingdom of Cambodia. Phnom Penh. 1

National Institute of Statistics. 3. Compendium on Environment Statistics 3 Cambodia. Phnom Penh: NIS. Royal Government of Cambodia. 1993. Organic Budget Law (Kram No. 93-1, December, 1993), Article. Royal Government of Cambodia.. Cambodian Law of Public Finance. Phnom Penh: Thematic Publication of Legal Reform Unit, No. 3, Office of the Council of Ministers, Royal Government of Cambodia. Royal Government of Cambodia.. Public Financial Management (PFM) Reform. Phnom Penh: Royal Government of Cambodia. Royal Government of Cambodia, The Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Equity and Efficiency in Cambodia, Prime Minister Samdech HUN SEN and The Third Legislature of the National Assembly, At The Office of the Council of Ministers, Phnom Penh, 1 July. Royal Government of Cambodia.. Address to the Seventh Royal Government- Private Sector Forum, Government Palace. Société Générale de Surveillance.. Second Quarterly Monitoring Report on Forest Crime. Phnom Penh. Sophal, Chan, Tep Saravy and Sarthi Acharya. 1. Land Tenure in Cambodia: A Data Update. Phnom Penh: CDRI. UNDP and SIDA. 3. Cambodia Millennium Development Goals Report 3. USAID.. Cambodia: An Assessment of Forest Conflict at the Community Level. Washington, D.C.: USAID. Van Acker, Frank.. Involvement of Commune Councils in Natural Resources & Environmental Management in Cambodia. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Interior and GTZ. World Bank.. Cambodia: Seizing the Global Opportunity: Investment Climate Assessment & Reform Strategy. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. World Bank.. Integrated Fiduciary Assessment and Public Expenditure Review. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. World Bank. 3. Doing Business: Understanding Regulation. Oxford: The World Bank. World Bank and Asian Development Bank. 3. Integrated Fiduciary Assessment and Public Expenditure Review. Phnom Penh: IFAPER. 1

World Bank.. Third Joint PFM Mission aide mémoire. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. World Bank and Asian Development Bank.. The Integrated Fiduciary Assessment and Public Expenditure Review (IFAPER). Phnom Penh: IFAPER. The Cambodia gender assessment (UNIFEM, World Bank, ADB, UNDP, DFID and MoWVA ). World Bank.. Towards a Private Sector Development Strategy for Cambodia: Investment Climate Assessment. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. Yanara, H.E. Chhieng.. CDC. Phnom Penh: CDC. 17

Chart A.1.1: Selected Economic Indicators, January 1997- June 1 1 1 1 General Governmental Revenue (3-month average, in billions of riel) Tax revenue 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 General Government Expenditure (3-month average, in billions of riel) Total expenditure 3 3 1 1 1 Non-tax revenue 1997 199 1999 1 3 Current expenditure 1997 199 1999 1 3 Total CPI Consumer Price Index (1-month percent change) 7 International Reserves (In millions of U.S. dollars) 7 1 1 1 1 Gross international re s e rv e s 1/ Food Prices - -1 1997 199 1999 1 3 - -1 3 Net international reserves 1/ 1 1997 199 1999 1 3 3 1 Monetary Indicators (1-month percent change) 1 Exchange Rate (=1) 1 Currency in circulation B road money 13 1 R eal effective exchange rate / 13 1 3 3 11 11 1 1 1 1 9 9-1 Foreign currency deposits 1997 199 1999 1 3-1 Nominal effective exchange rate / 7 1997 199 1999 1 3 7 Source: Data provided by the Cambodia authorities 1/ Includes US$117 million associated with the return in 199 of Cambodian gold previously held by the BIS. / Based on the official exchange rate; an upward movement indicates an appreciation of the exchange rate. 1

Chart A.1.: Performance Indicators, 199-1 1 Real Growth (percent change) 1 1 1 External Current Account Deficit, Excluding Official Transfers 1 1 1 199 1999 1 3 199 1999 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 - CPI (percent change, end-of-period) 199 1999 1 3 1 1 1 1 1-3 3 1 1 Broad Money (percentage change) 199 1999 1 3 3 3 1 1.. 1. Current Fiscal Balance (cas h bas is, as percent o f ).. 1. Net Credit to Government (change as percentage o f beginning perio d stock of broad money) 1 1 1. 1. 1 1.... -. -. - - -1. 199 1999 1 3-1. -1 199 1999 1 3-1 Source: Data provided by the Cambodian authorities, and IMF Fund staff estimates. 19

Table A.1a: Medium Term Budget Framework for Priority Sectors (As of Current Expenditures) * 3* 7 Current expenditure 1 1.1 1 1. 1 1. 1 11. 1 11.9 1 1.3 o.w. Wage 37. 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.1 3.1... Health 1. 1. 9. 1.3 1. 1. 11.9 1.3 11.7 1. 11.7 1. Education 1.39 1. 17.9 1.79 1.77 1.99 17.. 17.71.11 17..17 Defense and security.3. 3.3..7..1.3 19.33.3 1..3 Agricultural sector.. 3.97..1.9...3.3.. a. Agriculture....3..7..3.7.33.79.3 b. Rural development 1.17.1.9.1 1..13 1.3.1 1.3.1 1.39.17 c. Water Resources.7..79...9..1 1.1.1 1.3.1 Public Works and Transport.....1.9..1 1..13 1.1.1 Women's Affairs.1.1..3 3..1 3.3..... Justice...3.7.7.7..1..1.3.1 Memo Current expenditure, in 1,7.91 1,7.11 1,.39,1.,37.3,. billion riels Estimate for debt service Estimate for clearance of domestic arrears Current discretionary expenditures Health in percentage of discretionary expenditure Education in percentage of discretionary expenditure 1 1 1 1,7 1,7 1,793 1,9,3,7 1. 9. 1.9 13.7 13.7 13. 1.39 17.9 19.7..7.73 Nominal, in billion 1,7 1,7 17,1 1,3 19,97 1,79 riels Nominal, in million 3,99,,7,73,11,37 US$ Exchange Rate Riels/US$ 3,91 3,9 3,93 3,9 3,9, *Outturn Current discretionary expenditures equal current expenditure minus spending on debt service and domestic arrears Source: PRSP-Annual Progress Report, Royal Government of Cambodia (May 1, ) 1

Table A.1b: Budget Execution 3 (in Millions of Riel) Million Riels 1 3 Outturn Outturn Outturn Budget Law Outturn of Budget Law Total Current Expenditures ( ) 1,1 1,3 1,7 1,7 1,7 99. I. General 3,3,9 9,1,9 1,7 13. Royal Palace 19,77 19, 3,,7 3, 11. National Assembly, 31,7 33,1 3,19 3,19 97. Senate 1,1 13,999 1, 1, 17,71 99. Constitutional Council,1,71 3,3 3,3 3,3 1. Council of Minister 7,7 9,17 73,9,7, 19. Civil Service Secretariat 13 99 1,1 1, 1,3 9.7 CDC,3,,91 3,9,77 9. Interior-Administration,7 1,9 31,11 1, 9, 177.1 Relations Assembly and 939 1,7 1,3,,333 7.7 Inspections Foreign Affairs and Int'l Cooperation 3,199 1,,,, 1. Economy and Finance 9, 19,331 3,7,3 111,1. Planning 3,7 3,3,9,37, 97. Justice,7,9 7,19 9, 11,99 11. Nat l Election Committee,9 3,7 7,3 3,3,71 7.9 National Audit Authority n.a n.a,, 3, 79.9 II. Defense and Security,7 17,33,73 13, 11,1 99. National Defense 3, 77,,1,3 9,1 1. Interior - Security 1,1 1,97 1,139 1, 11,9 97. III. Social 3,1 9,17 3,3,1 1,91 9.7 Information,93,9,79 1,1 1, 9. Public Health 11, 19,79 1,391, 17,9. Education, Youth 1,1 9, 9,9 33, 3, 93. and Sport Culture and Fine Arts 7,9,13 1, 1, 13,39 9. Environment 3,9,3 7,131,7 7,739 9. Social Affairs, Labor and,,1 33,31 33,3 33,3 99.3 Vocational Training Public Worship and Religion 1,,31 3, 3,1 3,7 1. Woman Affairs and Veteran,9 9,,17,97 71,71 1.7 IV. Economic 11, 1,7 19,7 19,1 17,13 9.7 Civil Aviation Secretariat 3,,,73 7,3,1 9. Industry, Mines and Energy,7,97,93,1 7,9.9 Commerce,39 11,77 1, 1, 1,1 9.9 Agriculture, Forestry 3,1 3, 39, 3,3 39, 9. and Fishery Rural Development 7, 1, 1,39 1, 1,91. Posts and Telecommunications,7,9 3,1,7 3,71 1. Public Works and Transport,317 1,71 1,9 1,3 1,3 93.3 Tourism,39,7 9,7 1,1 1, 17. Urbanization and Construction,311,7,13,,33. Water Resources and Meteorology,199,7 11,1 1,3 13, 9.9 Source: PRSP-Annual Progress Report, Royal Government of Cambodia (May 1, ) 17