Articles of Confederation

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Transcription:

Articles of Confederation

What was the nation facing after the Revolutionary War? -An agrarian or agricultural nation (Farmland) -A Confederate Nation-joined by an agreement or treaty -Debt -Major economic depression -The money printed during the Revolutionary War had depreciated (lost Value) so far that it was almost worthless. - Trying to understand how to operate outside the confines of British rule. 2

What are the Articles of Confederation This was the name of America s first constitution after the Revolutionary War. A written document that established the functions of the national government. It established a weak central government. This mostly prevented the individual states from conducting their own foreign diplomacy. 3

Why were the Articles of Confederation so weak? AoC writers disliked Taxation without representation A large central government that had absolute power So under the AoC The federal government could not tax States didn t have to follow federal laws and treaties Having to follow British legislation Lots of power was in the king s hands The king could change laws at any time States had their own laws and didn t have to follow other states laws No executive branch or national court system Any amendment required all 13 states approval 4

What was the Problem? Federal government could not tax -made it very difficult to raise money States didn t have to follow laws and treaties -the federal government had no assurance that individual states would follow them Each state had its own laws -This made it difficult for the country to act in a united way. -Congress couldn t pay back debts from the revolution and couldn t get states to work together to encourage commerce. 5

What was the Problem? No executive branch, meant the government could not defend its borders. No executive branch and national court system, meant the government could not enforce its laws. Any amendment required all 13 states approval, so the AoC was very difficult to modify. 6

The Main Problem of the Articles of Confederation -The States had too much power and they acted as individual Countries. This led to Shay s Rebellion

1787 - Philadelphia 55 Delegates from all the states invited to a convention to improve the Articles of Confederation 8 Only Rhode Island didn t attend

Issues that divided the Nation s leaders The power of the federal government. Would the states or the federal government have the most power? Representation in Congress (How many members on Congress would each state get? small states wanted equal representation, large states wanted it to be determined by population of the states Slavery How would slaves be counted? Would the slave trade continue?

The Virginia Plan-Madison New National Government-Checks & Balances Throughout the Articles of Confederation Three separate branches of government Legislative Based off population of the state Executive Judicial Large States liked this plan, small states did not 10

New Jersey Plan -William Paterson Legislature has one house. Each State gets one vote. Small States like this plan, the Large states hate it. There would have to be a compromise

The Great Compromise-Sherman Legislature would have two houses (parts): House of Representatives-Based on population of state Senate-Two Senators per each State

Slavery The Southern states refused to approve the Constitution unless slavery continued. It was a terrible compromise to make, but the Northern states had no choice if they wanted a Constitution. 3/5 Compromise - Made each slave worth 3/5 of a vote in deciding numbers in House of Representatives Congress cannot ban the slave trade until 1808. 14

Founders Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton James Madison George Washington

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