GOVERNANCE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Punya Prasad Neupane
Presentation outline 2 Context Understanding governance Reimagining governance Government and governance Governance actors and their roles World governance indicators (WGI) Governance status in Nepal Issues and challenges
3 An exercise for identifying governance quality in Nepal Governance Characteristics Issues Actors involved Status Participation Rule of Law Consensus Oriented Equity and Inclusiveness Transparency Accountability Responsiveness Effectiveness and Efficiency
Context 4 Nepal has everything in place except effective and efficient governance. People are bound to bear all sorts of sufferings like corruption, discrimination, lawlessness and several other unethical practices while receiving public goods and services. Hence, we are in serious 'Governance crisis'.
Understanding governance 5 World Bank (1991) the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources for development World Bank (2006) the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised
Understanding 6 UNDP (1997) Governance is the exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to manage a country s affairs at all levels. It comprises the mechanisms, processes, and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences.
Reimagining governance 7 State Governance system Citizens
Participation Rule of Law Consensus Oriented Equity and Inclusiveness Transparency Accountability Responsiveness Effectiveness and Efficiency Pillars of governance 8 Good Governance Information and Communication Technology Governance, NASC 2015
Actors of governance and their roles 9 Change in governance philosophygovernance beyond government Mobilizing people s participation, promoting constructive engagement Civil Society State Creating favourable political, legal and economic environment Market Creating opportunities for people
10 World Governance Indicators: 6 Dimensional Framework: World Bank Voice and accountability Political stability and lack of violence Government effectiveness Regulatory quality Rule of law Control of corruption (Kaufmann-Kraay-Mastruzzi Worldwide Governance Indicators- World Bank) Governance, NASC 2015
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Governance status of Nepal 12 0.00-0.50-1.00-1.50-2.00-2.50 Voice and Accountability Political Stability and Absence of Violence Government Effectiveness Regulatory Quality Rule of Law Control of Corruption Source: World Bank, 2014 Worldwide Governance Indicators.
Issues and challenges 13 Low accountability, responsiveness and transparency Rampant corruption Non-inclusive governance Low credibility of public institutions Over politicization in governance practices Low innovation in governance system
14 Issues
15 Strengthening state-people relationship State Interme diary People
Issues 16 Maintaining ethical standards Using politics for improve service delivery Rule of law Inclusive governance Innovative governance- use of technology
Reinforcing Governance Functions 17 Integrity Leadership Strategic Thinking Policy Gover nance System Political parities and environment Bureaucratic systems and culture International context Culture and social values Citizens
Enhancing Governance- A Framework 18 Capacity building Individual (Service Provider) Institution (Structure and system) Social Accountability Revisit, restruc ture Collective (Society, WPEs, Community of Practice) Empowerment, awareness, exp erience sharing Improved public service delivery
19 Thank you