Iranian cultural engagement with globalization Reza Shaban Nejad Department of Management, College of Human Sciences Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan,Iran Abstract Globalization is an inclusive, progressive and sustainable process which is rooted as old as human life. It is nearly four decades that its quantitative and qualitative acceleration increases and whatever its official record is added, the need to manage and organize the process in the world become more tangible. As the economic, political, legal environment and information technology change the life face of human societies, and close the distance from different countries. Culture in one word is perceived as lifestyle especially when it is embodied in the form of national identities and religious beliefs in social values and they are impact and inspiration in the social structure and relations and exchanges of local and global communities. So it plays eminent role in the social, productive, economic and democracy behavior in the international organization as world villages. Communications and international crosses in some cases are consciously and unconsciously and in some cases it is almost inevitable and they can be matched to the type of social and economic conditions that in its turn, it has created the time and space compression with a context of globalization. Despite the cultural and economic challenges that are emerge to a nation among nations and even different tribes in different parts. Researcher in this paper by introducing the Iranian culture is analyzing the components of national-religious culture in Iran with a common civilization. Ancient Iranian culture and Islam that have a close relationship with the divine religions and prophets like Moses, Jesus and Holy Prophet O Islam and they can interact with the process of globalization. Keywords: dynamic culture, cultural reproduction, the culture interaction, democracy, globalization Introduction Human is a social, educable creature and he is consistent with the growth and development path. The human motivation is meet the material and spiritual, social and personal needs through the formal and informal groups and friendly relations between groups, regional and global which global villages is a interrelated set, regardless of differences in racial, ethnic, cultural and religious, they consider the correlation of global societies is a unavoidable need and certain task in the development of information technology, the communication speed. National awareness of this rapid process of globalization that expresses the international community is formed by the compression of temporal and spatial situation in the near future and it could be considered as a prerequisite for the expansion and deepening the globalization process. But there is some cultural and economic challenges that are exist among nations and in particular appear sometimes that resting the globalization process because it makes the sense of world belonging that it brings a shared destiny for all people on the earth in different societies. Although the globalization history reaches to 2500 years BC and some other consider the date of its beginning as world's civilization 1500 years BC which is started from ancient Egyptian and Sumerians. Some other introduce the globalization process as the beginning of the Islamic civilization and its developing. However, the globalization process has a prominence position in the religions and rites of communist and capitalist and philosophical schools, culture is perceived as lifestyle, which are crystallize the speech, behavior and imagination as a continuous series of human social relations. Community gathers a group of people to achieve common objective that believe the values. And these values are manifested in their daily habits such as eating, clothing and their celebrations and religious festivities. In fact, it can be said that culture develops the socialization of people, and trains the isolated individuals and make them as disciplined scholars and dynamic identity that explore the knowledge, technology and life rules in social relations. All the divine religion has a significant impact on the development of philosophy, and the growth of human knowledge. From the beginning, it focused on the globalization phenomenon and then focused on humanity dimension irrespective of race, ethnicity as a result of individual's prejudice and ignorance. Strictness and zeal are a raw behavior and if you are an embryonic, you will be a vampire (Rumi)
Globalization is the process of understanding the rapid world communications and recognizing the economic and political relations among diverse communities and rational and respectful dialogue of cultures and religious groups in the world. And this creates a matching platform in information communication century and compresses the temporal and spatial contexts and provides the equality for world nations that each of them is interpreted as global villages that beside the enjoyment of individual freedoms and applying religious ceremony, they use individual rights and human dignity. Understanding the globalization words and culture globalizing The globalization term was used for the first time as World War II. In 1961, Webster's culture was used as an organized and self-employed set which in turn could be the subject of new knowledge in the world (Alvero, 1992) and the globalization refers to broad understanding of international relations that cover the globe. The purpose of using globalization word is the understanding the connections and matching the spreadsheet that requires planning, organizing and managing. In fact, the living people on earth consist of consumers, productive that solve the global problems. Culture can be understood as a set of traditions and spiritual values which are manifested in human behavior. Culture causes the creativity and favorable evolution in the communities. On the one hand, culture is an internal component that pollinates the ideas and on the other hand it becomes a slogan that symbolize the institutionalization of knowledge and strengths the insight in the community. Dynamic culture can be used as a problem solving strategy which helps to solving the global problems. Culture in today world beyond of ideas and practices and consists of material and quantity in addition to quality and spiritual and influences in economic goods and social ties, and regulate a reflection of mental phenomena and brain storming in addition of artistic, scientific and cultural creativity which appears as economic and social goods or cultural services or relations in the community and meets the Human needs from different points. Each community as a global village follows purposes which have great similarities and we can divide them as economic, social, political, artistic, cultural and environmental targets. However, communities regardless their quantity and quality, share the same goals and in approaches and the strategies to achieve this target with the prevailing situation in the society, challenges and prospects and strong management have different functions. According to the sociologists, human is a social being and need the socially living, accepting social norms and person acceptance as a community member. If the culture use as a landscape, it helps in turn to create favorable conditions for globalization. Abraham Mezlou, English sanities in his hierarchy of need, introduces the sociality from third stage needs and after the health and safety needs. Similarly when in the community a people rights are raped, the lawyers place them ahead of personal interests. In human society which us transnational and trans-regional and today some leaders interpret it as globalization, internationalization or become pervasive. They pay attention to cultural issues that emerges as an economic and cultural good to meet their own needs, and it investigate the world undergoing dramatic changes in behavior and practices of international relations from the landscape of fast information technology and knowledge management and effective strategies. And these are a continuation of a social man which is interpreted from different implications such as international community, pervasive world and global village. Culture and Conformity The people's need to goods and cultural and social services that forced human to accept the international community, at first it relates to values and norms and cultural customs and secondly it helps to human development through the teaching and researching processes. In the community culture, due to this issue there is conformity and convergence in ideas, slogans and practices which creates in general participation in the affairs and can help to the growth and development and pluralism in the society. Culture in these communities appears as a dynamic and creative process lead to real democracy and by its symbolic action, solve the social and economic problems. Convergent culture brings consensus rather than division because the thoughts, tastes and different actions grow together and harmoniously and increase the cultural index such as prosperity of the press, museums, libraries and information centers and computer sites which increases the scientific ant attitudes of high public and prepare their dynamism to participation cultures and creating consensus through tourism, promoting the culture of reading and studying. 630
Culture and Global Engagement Cultures in the international community create communications and regardless of hostile in nation-states, close them, and eliminate the separateness of nations and lead to development of global interaction and dialogue between cultures. New technologies, changes in global population and economic fields each in turn have an effective role in rapid development of communication. Increasing world population in 1965 from 3.3 billion reached to 7.5 billion in 1995 and it is a threat to the health of world's population which could require to investigate to natural resources and elimination the international tensions and conflicts in the information age. Participating in international festivals and Olympiads and conferences between regional are considered as the cultural and social communications and the true witness was the 100 million world population in 1378 and the graph of growth rate of world population was 3 samples per second, 10600 people per hour and 254000 people per day. Environmental pollution, the eventual rupture of the ozone layer, deforestation for housing, greenhouse effect to the loss of useful plants and animals, the spread of toxic waste and the dangerous weapons and lethal experiments by sovereign governments is a clear precursor to the international negotiations an d solving different problems by cultural strategies. National Culture, Global Culture In addition to the titles of most ethnic cultures, minority of researchers studied the national and cultural, religious, regional and international terms or they heard about these terms. National culture is a symbol of thoughts, words or the principles that are resulted from civil and religious nation among individual citizens and creates convergence and they are the source of innovation and perseverance in their history and present the dynamics and reliabilities and they are based on noble traditions which are reconstruction of social change and against a global culture gradually forms and become the symbol of views, attitude an nationalism behaviors. The sum of the national cultures creates the regional culture. Regional cultures are made by targets, strategies, principles and common ties that are raised from national culture in multiple regions and one area. When the national cultures interact to each other, regional culture promotes. Regional cultures can setup process underlying globalized culture, business and social and economic conditions and close them in national cultures and creation of a global culture and provides the innovation and constructive changes in the world dimension. While they vary in national culture and religious beliefs or they are apart from the civilization region in regional culture. We can use the multi- cultural concept towards convergence. At this stag 1 e, we can use the growth oriented strategies which considers all cultural needs of the society for unifying the cultural needs. In some cases, it concerned to the multi-cultural strategy that includes the diversity in the commodity exchange and its free choice which benefits from decentralization aspect. And by doing so, people achieve the cultural and social goods when the strategists mangers can maintain the harmony between these four variable. Organization will achieve their objectives faster. Globalization and Modernism 1 Majid Mohammadi, 1377, "an introduction to the sociology and economics in Iran", Tehran, Ghatreh publishing, p 288, 15 and 16. 631
Modernism school pays attention to the novel phenomena and relations and thinks to the time-place changes. This school is located versus the traditional and cultural traditions which are the basis of culture included new ideas, new structures, contemporary language and new art and knowledge which includes the temporal and spatial dimensions. For instance, we have the famous poem: The ancient story of Alexander become old; please say a new thing, because new ideas are sweetness. Modernism has made significant change in art and language, in content and process, in structure and managements and in life and science and technology that are different from the past. In the modernist, movement and dynamism is separating from the past and proper progress in the future which is tangible in the mobility of economic wheels, social and cultural as goods and services. Since culture is a dynamic factor and because creativity and innovation appears in all areas and they associated with modernism, so the cultural interaction has a remarkable role in restoration and balancing. In fact, it can be said that belief in new theories, provide the context for modernist and the globalization. Communication technologies, media, professional organization influence to changing the faces of humans and has created the modernism philosophy and modernism. The modern world 2 is born not from the coherence with what previously existed but with the discontinues. (Gidenz, 1984, 239). The strategic role of culture in society Culture in Iran is caused by divine religions and organs which have philosophy and wholes tic regulations, globalization was introduced from the beginning of the third millennium by the western theorists, that influence the national and regional cultures and it has a significant influence in the communication centers, information centers and international economic institutions and causes the scientific and technological changes, rapidly. Religion in turn has influenced on science and culture and has helped to the developing science and social skills, thus we can say that the religion is the source of culture, civilization and encouraging students and researchers. Confucianism promote the Chinese culture, Hinduism promotes Hindu culture, Buddhism promote the religion and civilization of Indians and Chinese and Japanese promote the Christianity of European and American civilization and finally Islam promotes the great Islamic Culture and civilization. Science and religion throughout the Islam history has a inextricable link with religious scholars, divine commands and Scriptures such as Torah, the Bible and Quran, the Prophets and leaders of various faith. Culture, always by doing its strategic role services Religion and regulates the life programs from the material and spiritual aspect and creates harmony in the society and in critical conditions leads to the integrity and social stability against dominance. In government agencies and people grouping pay attention to the strategy role of culture and the meritocracy benefits from the coherence and harmony between culture, strategy, structure and organizational behavior which are in interaction with each other and they use the creativity and dynamisms in social problem solving and its integration with various cultures. Participation in Cultures principles In cultural and moral principles of divine religions, similarity is found and according to its logic, observation between speech and tolerance of different social backgrounds, we can provide their pervasiveness regardless of race, culture, gender and ethnicity and founded the Global village. Ten Commandments of Judaism, education Saviour Jesus Christ, Hinduism, five Buddhist precepts and commandments of Islam in the Qur'an emphasizes to the knowing good and evil, right and wrong, and improper existence and survival of the soul, the reward of the Hereafter, and moderation in the cultures. And all of them are come in other religions. In all religions or beliefs, educating to preserve the conscience and the working culture among people are valuable, and they encourage people to capitalism as a reasonable and acceptable level which they should pay attention to the poor and arrests. Divine religions encourage human to gain knowledge and visions by the education and learning process in order to promote the reading and studying culture. And they help to the culture growth of the community by John Tomlinson, 1381 "Globalization and culture" translated by Mihsen Hakimi, Cultural Research Bureau, p 258, question 5 and 6. 632 2
instructional approaches and teaching models. And they complete the education process such as economy, culture, civilization that is coordinated with the religion and they use the services to help the comprehensiveness of religion, values of divine religions that have different view, in general principles that the community survival is based on it, benefits from similarities. And by combining them, a balanced culture can be created and it can be used as an effective strategy in consensus of the community world. Globalization and Democracy Public participation in determining their destiny rooted in divine religions, ancient rites, human rights statutes and they have constitutional and civil rights in various countries. We can achieve to the rationality and morality rights only by a democracy method and they face with the globalization in macro-level or micro-level that has a national aspect. In nowadays, we close the people of international and inside world by cultural discourse and an approach to understanding the mutual rights and respect to human dignity. In the global democratic, in addition to the people participation in political, economic and cultural affairs is considered as a right for them. Values which are caused by natural and inherent rights are preserved and religions group and international groups equipped with generosity and by doing so, they can tolerate the flexibility of cultural discourses while the cultural origin or identity will be kept. In democracy engaging, culture and globalization will try to by Robertson interpretation: Globalization means the minimizing the time and closing the location (Mohammad Tihid fam, 1382). Thus we can say that theories and concepts are applied uniform ally in all regions of the world, in world communication, the political an d economic interests are supplied by regional organization and international unions. In the world principles, according to the john lewis Gaffis, economic convergence and multi divergence taken place the one divergence and in democracy and culture, the participation, understanding and relations are created. Results and Discussion Culture which is reminded as spiritual values and traditions today plays an outstanding role in all aspects of life. And it emerges in the objective thoughts, speech and actions and people attitudes. And it influences in political, social, technological, economic, environment affaires and above all of them in usual services and economic products. Culture and religious that are the muscle of the spiritual and material values, forms the foundations of ethics and material and economic science. It is the duty of leaders and managers of human society that balance between strategic role of culture and participant principles of cultures, that the war and bloodshed resulted from conflicts in beliefs and it give its position to the peace, and truth and justice will replace to the cruelty and injustice. Although, applying this strategy requires initiative, tolerance, patience, and understanding. And it is possible for people who established the foundations of information technology and communications and it will soon be dominant to the celestial spheres and they can use a comprehensive vision, deep-thinking, and flexibility and effective communication in social and cultural environment. Reference 1- Abramson, P. A. and Inglehart, R. 1995 "Value change in Global perspective". Ann Arbor University of Michigan 2- Angrew, J and s. corboridge, 1995. "Mastering space." London Routledge. 3- Bale T, 1997 "Towards a cultural Theory of parliamentary party Groups" Journal of legislative studies, 3,4: 25, 43 4- Binsbergen, W.1999. "Globalization and virtuality". In B. Meyer and P. Geschere (eds) Globalization and 1dentity. 5- Habermas, J, 2006, "Between facts and Norms: contribution to a discourse theory of law and democracy, willam R hg, combridge, MIT.press. 6-Mathews, G, 2000, "Global culture individual Identity". London: Routledge. 7-MC, Graw, Anthony, 2004, "The Transformation of Demacracy" 8- Morrice, david, 1995, philosophy, science and Ideology in political Thought. London: Mac Millan press, Ltd. 9- synder, louis, L, 2007 "Encyclopedia of Nationalism", NewYork. 633