Federalist Era 1789-1801 APUSH 2017
Domestic Policy (What do we do with all the crap going on at home?)
Overview Pop. doubling every 25 years New states: KY, TN, OH, VT Finances in disarray Debt, low revenue, worthless paper money Failed original constitution
President Washington Unanimously drafted by electoral college 1789 Temporary capital: NYC
Washington's Cabinet Precedent: advisors Unwritten constitution : Things not expressly stated that Washington does and now other presidents do.
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Bill of Rights Antifederalists demanded it States ratified only if it was included
Judiciary Act 1789 Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay 6 justices total Federal and District courts Office of Attorney General
Hamilton s Financial Ideas Report on Public Credit 1790 Favor wealthy Wealthy lend govt money Trickle down wealth Report on Manufactures 1791 Promote factories Tariffs raise money
Hamilton s Financial Plan Funding at Par Bolster US credit Pay debts face value plus interest Bondholders will get money back Assume State Debts Obligate states to Federal govt Debt = good credit States debate (MA loves, VA hates) Log rolling Deal with DC https://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=iwdbos k8d7a Tariffs Customs duties to pay debt 8% tariff
Hamilton s Financial Plan Excise Taxes Domestic tax Whiskey 7 cents/gallon Backcountry angry Bank of the United States Stable national currency Govt become a stockholder in successful businesses https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbmtdj4xtfs
Jefferson is a hater Strict Constructionist Constitution doesn t say it so it can t be done Often state s rights Jefferson and Madison Loose Constructionist Broad interpreters Elastic clause Necessary and proper Hamilton
Whiskey Rebellion 1794 Whiskey boys Torch buildings, tar and feather Tax collections stop in fear Washington calls militia, chases them out of PA Significance: new govt is effective
Pissed them off until we had a two party system Original plan: no political parties Division and unrest Small factions are not parties Jefferson + Madison vs. Hamilton eventually drew supports and BAM political parties
Democratic Republicans Southern, farmers, state s Rights Federalists Northern, wealthy, Federal power
Federalists Govt of upper classes Rule by the best John Jay: Those who own the country ought to rule it Distrusted commoners Mobocracy Strong central govt Govt foster business Pro-British foreign relations
Jeffersonians: Democratic Republicans Republicans Government for the people Middle class, poor classes Small federal government, big state governments 10th amendments Agrarian Pro-french
Foreign Policy
French Revolution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0hzuatztxi Separating Feds and Repubs. Upheaval in France, what side will America choose?
Washington s Neutrality Proclamation 1793 What about Franco American alliance? Wash. wanting to avoid war Declared neutral Jeffersonians enraged
Jay s Treaty 1794 Background Info British menace Troops in US Violate peace treaties Guns and alcohol to natives Navy impressment
Opinions Federalists avoid war b/c of lucrative trade with British Republicans support embargo, economic pressure
Solution Send John Jay Republicans thought he would sell out, Hamilton cheated to avoid war
Provisions of the Treaty Bye British troops Pay damages for seized ships US will pay pre-revolutionary debts Brits DO NOT agree to stop with Natives or impress sailors
War with Britain averted.for now.
Pickney s Treaty Yay relations w/ Spain
Treaty Provisions Spain gets: US gets: Mississippi River access North Florida Trading rights at New Orleans
Native American Foreign Relations Iroquois not a threat anymore After a few skirmishes. Treaty of Greenville 1795 cleared ⅔ of ohio for Americans American expansion still threatening Natives (it will blow up soon)
Can we get back to politics? Please
Washington s Farewell Address https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrhocskoudg Less well liked, tired Set 2 term precedent Farewell address: Domestic warnings Isolationism Partisan fighting
Election of 1796 Federalists John Adams (Hamilton nto liked) Republicans Jefferson Adams wins, Jefferson VP
War with France
France is angry American break of Franco American Alliance Warships start terrorizing US ships https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw0kc A59_8s
XYZ Affair Secret delegation x y and z met US ambassadors to negotiate French demand $$$ for them to even see the foreign minister Talleyrand Negotiations, thus, did not happen
Quasi War 1798 Undeclared naval war Navy department created, expanded Marine Corps created Suspend trade with france West Indies naval battles and kidnapping
Adams does some good things..
Convention of 1800 Talleyrand suddenly wants to talk (once US is hitting them hard with trade embargo and stealing their ships) Negotiations with Napoleon End Franco American alliance US pays damages War averted..
Adams goes back to stinking
Alien and Sedition Acts Purpose: oppressive laws to reduce power of Jeffersonians and silence anti-war people
Alien Act Immigrant restrictions Most immigrants are Jeffersonians Raised resident requirement 5 14 years President has deportation powers (not really enforced, just for show) Sedition Act Impeding policies or falsely defaming govt = prison and fine Threatens 1st amendment rights Law expires 1801 (when Adams leaves)
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions But actually the Jefferson And Madison Resolutions Claimed states can nullify federal laws if they are deemed unconstitutional (no judicial review yet) Used as Campaign documents for anti-federalists...but no other states passed them
Revolution of 1800 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=auofpi PztKM
Federalists Weakened Split over war with France Adams stunk Many side with Hamilton, breaking party down Alien and Sedition Acts unpopular Debt and military expansion
Jefferson narrowly wins Tied with Burr Goes to HOR Hamilton sways a few in favor of Jefferson Significance: Peaceful change of political power. No bloodshed...except Hamilton
Federalist Legacy
Federalist Legacy Brains and talent Political and financial stability Neutrality, avoiding war well Two-party system Met its demise with westward expansion and elitism